{"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1950\u0026view=list","next":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1950\u0026page=2\u0026view=list","last":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1950\u0026page=3\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":1,"next_page":2,"prev_page":null,"total_pages":3,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":0,"total_count":27,"first_page?":true,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"ahstephens","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","creator":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ahstephens#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ahstephens#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Alexander H. Stephens (1812-1883) was a Georgia lawyer, politician and Vice President of the Confederate States of America.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ahstephens#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"ahstephens","title_ssm":["Alexander H. Stephens papers"],"title_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers"],"ead_ssi":"ahstephens","unitdate_ssm":["1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RL.10096"],"text":["RL.10096","Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees","Slavery -- Georgia","Collection is open for research.","Alexander Hamilton Stephens was born in Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia on\n        February 11, 1812 to Andrew B. and Margaret Grier Stephens. He graduated from Franklin\n        College (later the University of Georgia) in 1832, where he was a member of the Phi Kappa\n        Literary Society. He taught school for the next eighteen months while pursuing legal studies\n        and passed the bar in Georgia in 1834. Stephens maintained a successful law practice for\n        thirty-two years while simultaneously serving as an elected official in both state and\n        federal political realms and as Vice President of the Confederate States of America. He died\n        in 1883.","Chronology List 1836 Elected to the Georgia House of Representatives as a Whig; served until\n              1840 1842 Elected to the Georgia State Senate; served for one year. 1843 Elected to the United States Congress; served until 1859 1861 Elected to attend the Secession Convention of Georgia 1861 Elected Vice President of the Confederate States of America 1865 Arrested by the United States; served five months in prison 1866 Elected to the United States Senate but not allowed to take his seat 1873 Elected to United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of\n              Ambrose R. Wright; served until his resignation in 1882 1882 Elected Governor of Georgia 1883, March 4 Died in Georgia","Processed by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Encoded by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Multiple accessions were merged into one collection, described in this finding aid.","John Jordan Crittenden Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library Alfred Gumming\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Marmaduke Hamilton\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Paul Hamilton Hayne\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Alexander Hamilton Stephens Letters,\n            Microfilm, Manhattanville College David M.\n            Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","The collection includes correspondence, bills and receipts, financial papers, legal papers,\n        political papers, clippings and printed material and ranges in date from 1823-1954, with the\n        bulk dated 1823-1883. Due to preservation concerns, some items were copied onto acid-free\n        paper and stamped as preservation copies. The originals were placed in mylar and are located\n        in Box 7. Patrons should consult with Rubenstein Library staff before handling these\n        materials.","The vast majority of the collection is comprised of correspondence, covering the years\n        1823-1883. Many of the letters in the collection were written to Stephens, although there\n        are letters written in his own hand. Throughout the correspondence are letters written to\n        Stephens by various family members, most notably his brothers John and Linton. The bulk of\n        the correspondence pertains to Stephens' law work, regarding issues such as the settling of\n        estates and the collection of debts. The most prominent topics include family matters,\n        business and legal matters and Stephens' health. Given the expansive amount of\n        correspondence, below is a breakdown by decade of other topics which appear, in an effort to\n        assist the researcher in locating materials of interest:","Correspondence 1823-1839: Topics include States' Rights, slavery, and an Indian war in\n        Florida [possibly the Creek War]. There is a letter from Herschel V. Johnson who sought\n        advice from Stephens in 1839 regarding negotiations with a railroad company.","Correspondence 1840-1849: Topics include local and national politics/views, opinions about\n        President Martin Van Buren, \"agricultural politics,\" Thomas Dorr and the People's Party, the\n        purchasing of slaves, the 1843 Boston visit of President John Tyler and Vice President\n        Daniel Webster, Stephens' nomination to serve in the U. S. Congress, Whigs and Democrats\n        (Stephens was invited to attend several Whig-sponsored barbeques), and the death of\n        Stephens' brother Aaron. There is a letter from United States Representative Marshall\n        Johnson Wellborn which discusses the Judiciary Act (1841). There are also a substantial\n        number of letters written by and to John Bird and letters written to him and Stephens (they\n        were likely law partners). Of note are two letters written in 1844 by [Sarvis] Pearson\n        (presumably a client of Stephens or his firm) to his estranged wife Mary S. Pearson which\n        offer insight into the subject of divorce and marital discord of the time period.","Correspondence 1850-1859: Letters written by Stephens start to appear more frequently.\n        Topics include largely family and legal matters.","Correspondence 1860-1869: Topics include employment inquiries both pre- and post-Civil War,\n        autograph requests, Stephens' book about the Civil War, and the social history of a\n        post-Civil War Georgia. Items of note: There are petitions (1860) by Stephens' district\n        constituents asking him to address them about the presidential election. There are letters\n        asking him for permission to travel into the Union. There are a couple of letters written by\n        Stephens to Jefferson Davis. There is a letter from March 1860 to Pearce Stevons [Stephens]\n        by Rody Jordan, both of whom were not only brothers but slaves as well. The letter is likely\n        written by someone other than Jordan. A letter to Stephens in October 1866 states that his\n        former slave Pearce was charged with murder and asks for Stephens' legal counsel at Pearce's\n        request (he apparently complied based on a letter from 1869).","Correspondence 1870-1879: Topics include requests for employment and financial help,\n        requests for letters of recommendation, Linton Stephens' death, Stephens' paper the  Daily and Weekly Sun , the federal government, autograph requests,\n        and Stephens' work with the Committee on Standard Weights and Measures. Item of note: There\n        are documents from 1873 concerning an illegal distilling and corruption case in Georgia.","Correspondence 1880-1883: Topics includes Stephens' opinion of President James A. Garfield,\n        his bid for Governor, requests for financial help and letters of recommendation for men\n        interested in state posts appointed by the Governor, such as Physician of the Georgia\n        Penitentiary. Items of note: There is a letter dated 1883 signed by Secretary of War, Robert\n        Todd Lincoln. There are two letters from 1882 which offer some insight into African-American\n        involvement in Georgia politics.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library.","Alexander H. Stephens (1812-1883) was a\n        Georgia lawyer, politician and Vice President of the Confederate States of\n        America.","The collection includes a large amount\n        of correspondence as well as bills/receipts, financial papers, legal papers, political\n        papers, clippings and printed material. It ranges in date from 1823 to 1954, with the bulk\n        covering 1823-1883.","For current information on the location\n        of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog.","David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926","English"],"unitid_tesim":["RL.10096"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"collection_ssim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"repository_ssm":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"repository_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees"],"creator_ssm":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"creator_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"creators_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Alexander H. Stephens Papers were received by the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n        Manuscript Library as purchases between 1946-1962."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery -- Georgia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery -- Georgia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["8 Linear Feet","approx. 3,000\n          Items"],"extent_tesim":["8 Linear Feet","approx. 3,000\n          Items"],"date_range_isim":[1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexander Hamilton Stephens was born in Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia on\n        February 11, 1812 to Andrew B. and Margaret Grier Stephens. He graduated from Franklin\n        College (later the University of Georgia) in 1832, where he was a member of the Phi Kappa\n        Literary Society. He taught school for the next eighteen months while pursuing legal studies\n        and passed the bar in Georgia in 1834. Stephens maintained a successful law practice for\n        thirty-two years while simultaneously serving as an elected official in both state and\n        federal political realms and as Vice President of the Confederate States of America. He died\n        in 1883.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cchronlist\u003e\n        \u003chead\u003eChronology List\u003c/head\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1836\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the Georgia House of Representatives as a Whig; served until\n              1840\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1842\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the Georgia State Senate; served for one year.\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1843\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the United States Congress; served until 1859\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1861\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to attend the Secession Convention of Georgia\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1861\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected Vice President of the Confederate States of America\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1865\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eArrested by the United States; served five months in prison\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1866\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the United States Senate but not allowed to take his seat\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1873\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of\n              Ambrose R. Wright; served until his resignation in 1882\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1882\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected Governor of Georgia\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1883, March 4\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eDied in Georgia\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003c/chronlist\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alexander Hamilton Stephens was born in Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia on\n        February 11, 1812 to Andrew B. and Margaret Grier Stephens. He graduated from Franklin\n        College (later the University of Georgia) in 1832, where he was a member of the Phi Kappa\n        Literary Society. He taught school for the next eighteen months while pursuing legal studies\n        and passed the bar in Georgia in 1834. Stephens maintained a successful law practice for\n        thirty-two years while simultaneously serving as an elected official in both state and\n        federal political realms and as Vice President of the Confederate States of America. He died\n        in 1883.","Chronology List 1836 Elected to the Georgia House of Representatives as a Whig; served until\n              1840 1842 Elected to the Georgia State Senate; served for one year. 1843 Elected to the United States Congress; served until 1859 1861 Elected to attend the Secession Convention of Georgia 1861 Elected Vice President of the Confederate States of America 1865 Arrested by the United States; served five months in prison 1866 Elected to the United States Senate but not allowed to take his seat 1873 Elected to United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of\n              Ambrose R. Wright; served until his resignation in 1882 1882 Elected Governor of Georgia 1883, March 4 Died in Georgia"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Alexander H. Stephens Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n        Manuscript Library\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Alexander H. Stephens Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n        Manuscript Library"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Kimberly Sims, November 2008\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by Kimberly Sims, November 2008\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMultiple accessions were merged into one collection, described in this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Encoded by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Multiple accessions were merged into one collection, described in this finding aid."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eJohn Jordan Crittenden Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eAlfred Gumming\n            Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n            Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eMarmaduke Hamilton\n            Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n            Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003ePaul Hamilton Hayne\n            Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n            Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eAlexander Hamilton Stephens Letters,\n            Microfilm, Manhattanville College\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M.\n            Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["John Jordan Crittenden Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library Alfred Gumming\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Marmaduke Hamilton\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Paul Hamilton Hayne\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Alexander Hamilton Stephens Letters,\n            Microfilm, Manhattanville College David M.\n            Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes correspondence, bills and receipts, financial papers, legal papers,\n        political papers, clippings and printed material and ranges in date from 1823-1954, with the\n        bulk dated 1823-1883. Due to preservation concerns, some items were copied onto acid-free\n        paper and stamped as preservation copies. The originals were placed in mylar and are located\n        in Box 7. Patrons should consult with Rubenstein Library staff before handling these\n        materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe vast majority of the collection is comprised of correspondence, covering the years\n        1823-1883. Many of the letters in the collection were written to Stephens, although there\n        are letters written in his own hand. Throughout the correspondence are letters written to\n        Stephens by various family members, most notably his brothers John and Linton. The bulk of\n        the correspondence pertains to Stephens' law work, regarding issues such as the settling of\n        estates and the collection of debts. The most prominent topics include family matters,\n        business and legal matters and Stephens' health. Given the expansive amount of\n        correspondence, below is a breakdown by decade of other topics which appear, in an effort to\n        assist the researcher in locating materials of interest:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1823-1839: Topics include States' Rights, slavery, and an Indian war in\n        Florida [possibly the Creek War]. There is a letter from Herschel V. Johnson who sought\n        advice from Stephens in 1839 regarding negotiations with a railroad company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1840-1849: Topics include local and national politics/views, opinions about\n        President Martin Van Buren, \"agricultural politics,\" Thomas Dorr and the People's Party, the\n        purchasing of slaves, the 1843 Boston visit of President John Tyler and Vice President\n        Daniel Webster, Stephens' nomination to serve in the U. S. Congress, Whigs and Democrats\n        (Stephens was invited to attend several Whig-sponsored barbeques), and the death of\n        Stephens' brother Aaron. There is a letter from United States Representative Marshall\n        Johnson Wellborn which discusses the Judiciary Act (1841). There are also a substantial\n        number of letters written by and to John Bird and letters written to him and Stephens (they\n        were likely law partners). Of note are two letters written in 1844 by [Sarvis] Pearson\n        (presumably a client of Stephens or his firm) to his estranged wife Mary S. Pearson which\n        offer insight into the subject of divorce and marital discord of the time period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1850-1859: Letters written by Stephens start to appear more frequently.\n        Topics include largely family and legal matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1860-1869: Topics include employment inquiries both pre- and post-Civil War,\n        autograph requests, Stephens' book about the Civil War, and the social history of a\n        post-Civil War Georgia. Items of note: There are petitions (1860) by Stephens' district\n        constituents asking him to address them about the presidential election. There are letters\n        asking him for permission to travel into the Union. There are a couple of letters written by\n        Stephens to Jefferson Davis. There is a letter from March 1860 to Pearce Stevons [Stephens]\n        by Rody Jordan, both of whom were not only brothers but slaves as well. The letter is likely\n        written by someone other than Jordan. A letter to Stephens in October 1866 states that his\n        former slave Pearce was charged with murder and asks for Stephens' legal counsel at Pearce's\n        request (he apparently complied based on a letter from 1869).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1870-1879: Topics include requests for employment and financial help,\n        requests for letters of recommendation, Linton Stephens' death, Stephens' paper the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily and Weekly Sun\u003c/title\u003e, the federal government, autograph requests,\n        and Stephens' work with the Committee on Standard Weights and Measures. Item of note: There\n        are documents from 1873 concerning an illegal distilling and corruption case in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1880-1883: Topics includes Stephens' opinion of President James A. Garfield,\n        his bid for Governor, requests for financial help and letters of recommendation for men\n        interested in state posts appointed by the Governor, such as Physician of the Georgia\n        Penitentiary. Items of note: There is a letter dated 1883 signed by Secretary of War, Robert\n        Todd Lincoln. There are two letters from 1882 which offer some insight into African-American\n        involvement in Georgia politics.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Collection Overview"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes correspondence, bills and receipts, financial papers, legal papers,\n        political papers, clippings and printed material and ranges in date from 1823-1954, with the\n        bulk dated 1823-1883. Due to preservation concerns, some items were copied onto acid-free\n        paper and stamped as preservation copies. The originals were placed in mylar and are located\n        in Box 7. Patrons should consult with Rubenstein Library staff before handling these\n        materials.","The vast majority of the collection is comprised of correspondence, covering the years\n        1823-1883. Many of the letters in the collection were written to Stephens, although there\n        are letters written in his own hand. Throughout the correspondence are letters written to\n        Stephens by various family members, most notably his brothers John and Linton. The bulk of\n        the correspondence pertains to Stephens' law work, regarding issues such as the settling of\n        estates and the collection of debts. The most prominent topics include family matters,\n        business and legal matters and Stephens' health. Given the expansive amount of\n        correspondence, below is a breakdown by decade of other topics which appear, in an effort to\n        assist the researcher in locating materials of interest:","Correspondence 1823-1839: Topics include States' Rights, slavery, and an Indian war in\n        Florida [possibly the Creek War]. There is a letter from Herschel V. Johnson who sought\n        advice from Stephens in 1839 regarding negotiations with a railroad company.","Correspondence 1840-1849: Topics include local and national politics/views, opinions about\n        President Martin Van Buren, \"agricultural politics,\" Thomas Dorr and the People's Party, the\n        purchasing of slaves, the 1843 Boston visit of President John Tyler and Vice President\n        Daniel Webster, Stephens' nomination to serve in the U. S. Congress, Whigs and Democrats\n        (Stephens was invited to attend several Whig-sponsored barbeques), and the death of\n        Stephens' brother Aaron. There is a letter from United States Representative Marshall\n        Johnson Wellborn which discusses the Judiciary Act (1841). There are also a substantial\n        number of letters written by and to John Bird and letters written to him and Stephens (they\n        were likely law partners). Of note are two letters written in 1844 by [Sarvis] Pearson\n        (presumably a client of Stephens or his firm) to his estranged wife Mary S. Pearson which\n        offer insight into the subject of divorce and marital discord of the time period.","Correspondence 1850-1859: Letters written by Stephens start to appear more frequently.\n        Topics include largely family and legal matters.","Correspondence 1860-1869: Topics include employment inquiries both pre- and post-Civil War,\n        autograph requests, Stephens' book about the Civil War, and the social history of a\n        post-Civil War Georgia. Items of note: There are petitions (1860) by Stephens' district\n        constituents asking him to address them about the presidential election. There are letters\n        asking him for permission to travel into the Union. There are a couple of letters written by\n        Stephens to Jefferson Davis. There is a letter from March 1860 to Pearce Stevons [Stephens]\n        by Rody Jordan, both of whom were not only brothers but slaves as well. The letter is likely\n        written by someone other than Jordan. A letter to Stephens in October 1866 states that his\n        former slave Pearce was charged with murder and asks for Stephens' legal counsel at Pearce's\n        request (he apparently complied based on a letter from 1869).","Correspondence 1870-1879: Topics include requests for employment and financial help,\n        requests for letters of recommendation, Linton Stephens' death, Stephens' paper the  Daily and Weekly Sun , the federal government, autograph requests,\n        and Stephens' work with the Committee on Standard Weights and Measures. Item of note: There\n        are documents from 1873 concerning an illegal distilling and corruption case in Georgia.","Correspondence 1880-1883: Topics includes Stephens' opinion of President James A. Garfield,\n        his bid for Governor, requests for financial help and letters of recommendation for men\n        interested in state posts appointed by the Governor, such as Physician of the Georgia\n        Penitentiary. Items of note: There is a letter dated 1883 signed by Secretary of War, Robert\n        Todd Lincoln. There are two letters from 1882 which offer some insight into African-American\n        involvement in Georgia politics."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Notice"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_849632dcb81574966843dcbe5b428838\"\u003eAlexander H. Stephens (1812-1883) was a\n        Georgia lawyer, politician and Vice President of the Confederate States of\n        America.\u003c/abstract\u003e","\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c9c5c1283c14f11d61a94c6bb6711c7a\"\u003eThe collection includes a large amount\n        of correspondence as well as bills/receipts, financial papers, legal papers, political\n        papers, clippings and printed material. It ranges in date from 1823 to 1954, with the bulk\n        covering 1823-1883.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens (1812-1883) was a\n        Georgia lawyer, politician and Vice President of the Confederate States of\n        America.","The collection includes a large amount\n        of correspondence as well as bills/receipts, financial papers, legal papers, political\n        papers, clippings and printed material. It ranges in date from 1823 to 1954, with the bulk\n        covering 1823-1883."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_38e97c13005bd86e481006cee204cb70\"\u003eFor current information on the location\n        of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["For current information on the location\n        of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog."],"names_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926"],"corpname_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926"],"persname_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":73,"online_item_count_is":4055,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"ahstephens","timestamp":"2025-02-18T22:57:49.296Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"ahstephens","title_ssm":["Alexander H. Stephens papers"],"title_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers"],"ead_ssi":"ahstephens","unitdate_ssm":["1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RL.10096"],"text":["RL.10096","Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees","Slavery -- Georgia","Collection is open for research.","Alexander Hamilton Stephens was born in Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia on\n        February 11, 1812 to Andrew B. and Margaret Grier Stephens. He graduated from Franklin\n        College (later the University of Georgia) in 1832, where he was a member of the Phi Kappa\n        Literary Society. He taught school for the next eighteen months while pursuing legal studies\n        and passed the bar in Georgia in 1834. Stephens maintained a successful law practice for\n        thirty-two years while simultaneously serving as an elected official in both state and\n        federal political realms and as Vice President of the Confederate States of America. He died\n        in 1883.","Chronology List 1836 Elected to the Georgia House of Representatives as a Whig; served until\n              1840 1842 Elected to the Georgia State Senate; served for one year. 1843 Elected to the United States Congress; served until 1859 1861 Elected to attend the Secession Convention of Georgia 1861 Elected Vice President of the Confederate States of America 1865 Arrested by the United States; served five months in prison 1866 Elected to the United States Senate but not allowed to take his seat 1873 Elected to United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of\n              Ambrose R. Wright; served until his resignation in 1882 1882 Elected Governor of Georgia 1883, March 4 Died in Georgia","Processed by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Encoded by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Multiple accessions were merged into one collection, described in this finding aid.","John Jordan Crittenden Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library Alfred Gumming\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Marmaduke Hamilton\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Paul Hamilton Hayne\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Alexander Hamilton Stephens Letters,\n            Microfilm, Manhattanville College David M.\n            Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","The collection includes correspondence, bills and receipts, financial papers, legal papers,\n        political papers, clippings and printed material and ranges in date from 1823-1954, with the\n        bulk dated 1823-1883. Due to preservation concerns, some items were copied onto acid-free\n        paper and stamped as preservation copies. The originals were placed in mylar and are located\n        in Box 7. Patrons should consult with Rubenstein Library staff before handling these\n        materials.","The vast majority of the collection is comprised of correspondence, covering the years\n        1823-1883. Many of the letters in the collection were written to Stephens, although there\n        are letters written in his own hand. Throughout the correspondence are letters written to\n        Stephens by various family members, most notably his brothers John and Linton. The bulk of\n        the correspondence pertains to Stephens' law work, regarding issues such as the settling of\n        estates and the collection of debts. The most prominent topics include family matters,\n        business and legal matters and Stephens' health. Given the expansive amount of\n        correspondence, below is a breakdown by decade of other topics which appear, in an effort to\n        assist the researcher in locating materials of interest:","Correspondence 1823-1839: Topics include States' Rights, slavery, and an Indian war in\n        Florida [possibly the Creek War]. There is a letter from Herschel V. Johnson who sought\n        advice from Stephens in 1839 regarding negotiations with a railroad company.","Correspondence 1840-1849: Topics include local and national politics/views, opinions about\n        President Martin Van Buren, \"agricultural politics,\" Thomas Dorr and the People's Party, the\n        purchasing of slaves, the 1843 Boston visit of President John Tyler and Vice President\n        Daniel Webster, Stephens' nomination to serve in the U. S. Congress, Whigs and Democrats\n        (Stephens was invited to attend several Whig-sponsored barbeques), and the death of\n        Stephens' brother Aaron. There is a letter from United States Representative Marshall\n        Johnson Wellborn which discusses the Judiciary Act (1841). There are also a substantial\n        number of letters written by and to John Bird and letters written to him and Stephens (they\n        were likely law partners). Of note are two letters written in 1844 by [Sarvis] Pearson\n        (presumably a client of Stephens or his firm) to his estranged wife Mary S. Pearson which\n        offer insight into the subject of divorce and marital discord of the time period.","Correspondence 1850-1859: Letters written by Stephens start to appear more frequently.\n        Topics include largely family and legal matters.","Correspondence 1860-1869: Topics include employment inquiries both pre- and post-Civil War,\n        autograph requests, Stephens' book about the Civil War, and the social history of a\n        post-Civil War Georgia. Items of note: There are petitions (1860) by Stephens' district\n        constituents asking him to address them about the presidential election. There are letters\n        asking him for permission to travel into the Union. There are a couple of letters written by\n        Stephens to Jefferson Davis. There is a letter from March 1860 to Pearce Stevons [Stephens]\n        by Rody Jordan, both of whom were not only brothers but slaves as well. The letter is likely\n        written by someone other than Jordan. A letter to Stephens in October 1866 states that his\n        former slave Pearce was charged with murder and asks for Stephens' legal counsel at Pearce's\n        request (he apparently complied based on a letter from 1869).","Correspondence 1870-1879: Topics include requests for employment and financial help,\n        requests for letters of recommendation, Linton Stephens' death, Stephens' paper the  Daily and Weekly Sun , the federal government, autograph requests,\n        and Stephens' work with the Committee on Standard Weights and Measures. Item of note: There\n        are documents from 1873 concerning an illegal distilling and corruption case in Georgia.","Correspondence 1880-1883: Topics includes Stephens' opinion of President James A. Garfield,\n        his bid for Governor, requests for financial help and letters of recommendation for men\n        interested in state posts appointed by the Governor, such as Physician of the Georgia\n        Penitentiary. Items of note: There is a letter dated 1883 signed by Secretary of War, Robert\n        Todd Lincoln. There are two letters from 1882 which offer some insight into African-American\n        involvement in Georgia politics.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library.","Alexander H. Stephens (1812-1883) was a\n        Georgia lawyer, politician and Vice President of the Confederate States of\n        America.","The collection includes a large amount\n        of correspondence as well as bills/receipts, financial papers, legal papers, political\n        papers, clippings and printed material. It ranges in date from 1823 to 1954, with the bulk\n        covering 1823-1883.","For current information on the location\n        of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog.","David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926","English"],"unitid_tesim":["RL.10096"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"collection_ssim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"repository_ssm":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"repository_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees"],"creator_ssm":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"creator_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"creators_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Alexander H. Stephens Papers were received by the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n        Manuscript Library as purchases between 1946-1962."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery -- Georgia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery -- Georgia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["8 Linear Feet","approx. 3,000\n          Items"],"extent_tesim":["8 Linear Feet","approx. 3,000\n          Items"],"date_range_isim":[1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexander Hamilton Stephens was born in Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia on\n        February 11, 1812 to Andrew B. and Margaret Grier Stephens. He graduated from Franklin\n        College (later the University of Georgia) in 1832, where he was a member of the Phi Kappa\n        Literary Society. He taught school for the next eighteen months while pursuing legal studies\n        and passed the bar in Georgia in 1834. Stephens maintained a successful law practice for\n        thirty-two years while simultaneously serving as an elected official in both state and\n        federal political realms and as Vice President of the Confederate States of America. He died\n        in 1883.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cchronlist\u003e\n        \u003chead\u003eChronology List\u003c/head\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1836\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the Georgia House of Representatives as a Whig; served until\n              1840\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1842\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the Georgia State Senate; served for one year.\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1843\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the United States Congress; served until 1859\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1861\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to attend the Secession Convention of Georgia\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1861\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected Vice President of the Confederate States of America\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1865\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eArrested by the United States; served five months in prison\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1866\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the United States Senate but not allowed to take his seat\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1873\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of\n              Ambrose R. Wright; served until his resignation in 1882\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1882\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected Governor of Georgia\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1883, March 4\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eDied in Georgia\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003c/chronlist\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alexander Hamilton Stephens was born in Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia on\n        February 11, 1812 to Andrew B. and Margaret Grier Stephens. He graduated from Franklin\n        College (later the University of Georgia) in 1832, where he was a member of the Phi Kappa\n        Literary Society. He taught school for the next eighteen months while pursuing legal studies\n        and passed the bar in Georgia in 1834. Stephens maintained a successful law practice for\n        thirty-two years while simultaneously serving as an elected official in both state and\n        federal political realms and as Vice President of the Confederate States of America. He died\n        in 1883.","Chronology List 1836 Elected to the Georgia House of Representatives as a Whig; served until\n              1840 1842 Elected to the Georgia State Senate; served for one year. 1843 Elected to the United States Congress; served until 1859 1861 Elected to attend the Secession Convention of Georgia 1861 Elected Vice President of the Confederate States of America 1865 Arrested by the United States; served five months in prison 1866 Elected to the United States Senate but not allowed to take his seat 1873 Elected to United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of\n              Ambrose R. Wright; served until his resignation in 1882 1882 Elected Governor of Georgia 1883, March 4 Died in Georgia"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Alexander H. Stephens Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n        Manuscript Library\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Alexander H. Stephens Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n        Manuscript Library"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Kimberly Sims, November 2008\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by Kimberly Sims, November 2008\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMultiple accessions were merged into one collection, described in this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Encoded by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Multiple accessions were merged into one collection, described in this finding aid."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eJohn Jordan Crittenden Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eAlfred Gumming\n            Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n            Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eMarmaduke Hamilton\n            Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n            Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003ePaul Hamilton Hayne\n            Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n            Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eAlexander Hamilton Stephens Letters,\n            Microfilm, Manhattanville College\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M.\n            Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["John Jordan Crittenden Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library Alfred Gumming\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Marmaduke Hamilton\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Paul Hamilton Hayne\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Alexander Hamilton Stephens Letters,\n            Microfilm, Manhattanville College David M.\n            Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes correspondence, bills and receipts, financial papers, legal papers,\n        political papers, clippings and printed material and ranges in date from 1823-1954, with the\n        bulk dated 1823-1883. Due to preservation concerns, some items were copied onto acid-free\n        paper and stamped as preservation copies. The originals were placed in mylar and are located\n        in Box 7. Patrons should consult with Rubenstein Library staff before handling these\n        materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe vast majority of the collection is comprised of correspondence, covering the years\n        1823-1883. Many of the letters in the collection were written to Stephens, although there\n        are letters written in his own hand. Throughout the correspondence are letters written to\n        Stephens by various family members, most notably his brothers John and Linton. The bulk of\n        the correspondence pertains to Stephens' law work, regarding issues such as the settling of\n        estates and the collection of debts. The most prominent topics include family matters,\n        business and legal matters and Stephens' health. Given the expansive amount of\n        correspondence, below is a breakdown by decade of other topics which appear, in an effort to\n        assist the researcher in locating materials of interest:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1823-1839: Topics include States' Rights, slavery, and an Indian war in\n        Florida [possibly the Creek War]. There is a letter from Herschel V. Johnson who sought\n        advice from Stephens in 1839 regarding negotiations with a railroad company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1840-1849: Topics include local and national politics/views, opinions about\n        President Martin Van Buren, \"agricultural politics,\" Thomas Dorr and the People's Party, the\n        purchasing of slaves, the 1843 Boston visit of President John Tyler and Vice President\n        Daniel Webster, Stephens' nomination to serve in the U. S. Congress, Whigs and Democrats\n        (Stephens was invited to attend several Whig-sponsored barbeques), and the death of\n        Stephens' brother Aaron. There is a letter from United States Representative Marshall\n        Johnson Wellborn which discusses the Judiciary Act (1841). There are also a substantial\n        number of letters written by and to John Bird and letters written to him and Stephens (they\n        were likely law partners). Of note are two letters written in 1844 by [Sarvis] Pearson\n        (presumably a client of Stephens or his firm) to his estranged wife Mary S. Pearson which\n        offer insight into the subject of divorce and marital discord of the time period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1850-1859: Letters written by Stephens start to appear more frequently.\n        Topics include largely family and legal matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1860-1869: Topics include employment inquiries both pre- and post-Civil War,\n        autograph requests, Stephens' book about the Civil War, and the social history of a\n        post-Civil War Georgia. Items of note: There are petitions (1860) by Stephens' district\n        constituents asking him to address them about the presidential election. There are letters\n        asking him for permission to travel into the Union. There are a couple of letters written by\n        Stephens to Jefferson Davis. There is a letter from March 1860 to Pearce Stevons [Stephens]\n        by Rody Jordan, both of whom were not only brothers but slaves as well. The letter is likely\n        written by someone other than Jordan. A letter to Stephens in October 1866 states that his\n        former slave Pearce was charged with murder and asks for Stephens' legal counsel at Pearce's\n        request (he apparently complied based on a letter from 1869).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1870-1879: Topics include requests for employment and financial help,\n        requests for letters of recommendation, Linton Stephens' death, Stephens' paper the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily and Weekly Sun\u003c/title\u003e, the federal government, autograph requests,\n        and Stephens' work with the Committee on Standard Weights and Measures. Item of note: There\n        are documents from 1873 concerning an illegal distilling and corruption case in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1880-1883: Topics includes Stephens' opinion of President James A. Garfield,\n        his bid for Governor, requests for financial help and letters of recommendation for men\n        interested in state posts appointed by the Governor, such as Physician of the Georgia\n        Penitentiary. Items of note: There is a letter dated 1883 signed by Secretary of War, Robert\n        Todd Lincoln. There are two letters from 1882 which offer some insight into African-American\n        involvement in Georgia politics.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Collection Overview"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes correspondence, bills and receipts, financial papers, legal papers,\n        political papers, clippings and printed material and ranges in date from 1823-1954, with the\n        bulk dated 1823-1883. Due to preservation concerns, some items were copied onto acid-free\n        paper and stamped as preservation copies. The originals were placed in mylar and are located\n        in Box 7. Patrons should consult with Rubenstein Library staff before handling these\n        materials.","The vast majority of the collection is comprised of correspondence, covering the years\n        1823-1883. Many of the letters in the collection were written to Stephens, although there\n        are letters written in his own hand. Throughout the correspondence are letters written to\n        Stephens by various family members, most notably his brothers John and Linton. The bulk of\n        the correspondence pertains to Stephens' law work, regarding issues such as the settling of\n        estates and the collection of debts. The most prominent topics include family matters,\n        business and legal matters and Stephens' health. Given the expansive amount of\n        correspondence, below is a breakdown by decade of other topics which appear, in an effort to\n        assist the researcher in locating materials of interest:","Correspondence 1823-1839: Topics include States' Rights, slavery, and an Indian war in\n        Florida [possibly the Creek War]. There is a letter from Herschel V. Johnson who sought\n        advice from Stephens in 1839 regarding negotiations with a railroad company.","Correspondence 1840-1849: Topics include local and national politics/views, opinions about\n        President Martin Van Buren, \"agricultural politics,\" Thomas Dorr and the People's Party, the\n        purchasing of slaves, the 1843 Boston visit of President John Tyler and Vice President\n        Daniel Webster, Stephens' nomination to serve in the U. S. Congress, Whigs and Democrats\n        (Stephens was invited to attend several Whig-sponsored barbeques), and the death of\n        Stephens' brother Aaron. There is a letter from United States Representative Marshall\n        Johnson Wellborn which discusses the Judiciary Act (1841). There are also a substantial\n        number of letters written by and to John Bird and letters written to him and Stephens (they\n        were likely law partners). Of note are two letters written in 1844 by [Sarvis] Pearson\n        (presumably a client of Stephens or his firm) to his estranged wife Mary S. Pearson which\n        offer insight into the subject of divorce and marital discord of the time period.","Correspondence 1850-1859: Letters written by Stephens start to appear more frequently.\n        Topics include largely family and legal matters.","Correspondence 1860-1869: Topics include employment inquiries both pre- and post-Civil War,\n        autograph requests, Stephens' book about the Civil War, and the social history of a\n        post-Civil War Georgia. Items of note: There are petitions (1860) by Stephens' district\n        constituents asking him to address them about the presidential election. There are letters\n        asking him for permission to travel into the Union. There are a couple of letters written by\n        Stephens to Jefferson Davis. There is a letter from March 1860 to Pearce Stevons [Stephens]\n        by Rody Jordan, both of whom were not only brothers but slaves as well. The letter is likely\n        written by someone other than Jordan. A letter to Stephens in October 1866 states that his\n        former slave Pearce was charged with murder and asks for Stephens' legal counsel at Pearce's\n        request (he apparently complied based on a letter from 1869).","Correspondence 1870-1879: Topics include requests for employment and financial help,\n        requests for letters of recommendation, Linton Stephens' death, Stephens' paper the  Daily and Weekly Sun , the federal government, autograph requests,\n        and Stephens' work with the Committee on Standard Weights and Measures. Item of note: There\n        are documents from 1873 concerning an illegal distilling and corruption case in Georgia.","Correspondence 1880-1883: Topics includes Stephens' opinion of President James A. Garfield,\n        his bid for Governor, requests for financial help and letters of recommendation for men\n        interested in state posts appointed by the Governor, such as Physician of the Georgia\n        Penitentiary. Items of note: There is a letter dated 1883 signed by Secretary of War, Robert\n        Todd Lincoln. There are two letters from 1882 which offer some insight into African-American\n        involvement in Georgia politics."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Notice"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_849632dcb81574966843dcbe5b428838\"\u003eAlexander H. Stephens (1812-1883) was a\n        Georgia lawyer, politician and Vice President of the Confederate States of\n        America.\u003c/abstract\u003e","\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c9c5c1283c14f11d61a94c6bb6711c7a\"\u003eThe collection includes a large amount\n        of correspondence as well as bills/receipts, financial papers, legal papers, political\n        papers, clippings and printed material. It ranges in date from 1823 to 1954, with the bulk\n        covering 1823-1883.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens (1812-1883) was a\n        Georgia lawyer, politician and Vice President of the Confederate States of\n        America.","The collection includes a large amount\n        of correspondence as well as bills/receipts, financial papers, legal papers, political\n        papers, clippings and printed material. It ranges in date from 1823 to 1954, with the bulk\n        covering 1823-1883."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_38e97c13005bd86e481006cee204cb70\"\u003eFor current information on the location\n        of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["For current information on the location\n        of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog."],"names_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926"],"corpname_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926"],"persname_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":73,"online_item_count_is":4055,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"ahstephens","timestamp":"2025-02-18T22:57:49.296Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ahstephens"}},{"id":"aoa271","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992","creator":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/aoa271#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Alpha Omega Alpha","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/aoa271#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society was founded in 1902 by W.W. Root. Material relates to the history, organization, membership, meetings and publications. A large portion of the collection pertain to the different chapters of the Society.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/aoa271#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"aoa271","title_filing_ssi":"Alpha Omega Alpha Archives","title_ssm":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives"],"title_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives"],"ead_ssi":"aoa271","unitdate_ssm":["1894-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1894-1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS C 271"],"text":["MS C 271","Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992","Mindanao Island (Philippines)","Societies","Fraternizing","Medicine","Photographs","No restrictions on access.","Rig Veda a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam? Quasar concept of the number one sunt in\n        culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste\n        natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, from which we spring hearts of\n        the stars the only home we've ever known light years hundreds of thousands, paroxysm of\n        global death brain is the seed of intelligence trillion billions upon billions descended\n        from astronomers Flatland Rig Veda lorem ipsum dolor sit amet decipherment courage of our\n        questions across the centuries a billion trillion rogue billions upon billions finite but\n        unbounded, stirred by starlight gathered by gravity.","Corpus callosum something incredible is waiting to be known billions upon billions\n        inconspicuous motes of rock and gas, a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam realm of the\n        galaxies made in the interiors of collapsing stars? Shores of the cosmic ocean? Rings of\n        Uranus! A mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam gathered by gravity encyclopaedia galactica,\n        Drake Equation extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence encyclopaedia galactica\n        sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde\n        omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, across the\n        centuries? Vastness is bearable only through love, trillion of brilliant syntheses. Preserve\n        and cherish that pale blue dot tesseract globular star cluster. Great turbulent clouds not a\n        sunrise but a galaxyrise laws of physics venture cosmic ocean science colonies, cosmos, rich\n        in mystery, cosmic ocean?","Arranged into seven series.","Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society was founded in 1902 by William Webster Root and\n        five other medical students at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Chicago. Root\n        viewed the society as a protest against \"a condition which associated the name medical\n        student with rowdyism, boorishness, immorality, and low educational ideals.\" Of the\n        approximately 25,000 medical students in the United States at the turn of the century, no\n        more than 15 percent were college graduates. The only requirement in most schools was a high\n        school diploma or its equivalent; the latter often meaning the ability to pay the fee. The\n        schools themselves-there were about 150-were by and large of dubious quality. With a few\n        exceptions, notably the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, founded in 1893, the medical\n        school curriculum consisted of a series of lectures, sometimes supplemented by\n        demonstrations at the bedside or in the laboratory, if such existed."," Root and his fellow medical students met to form a society that would foster honesty and\n        formulate higher ideals of scholastic achievement. Chartered in 1903 by the state of\n        Illinois, Alpha Omega Alpha's growth has paralleled the development of American medical\n        education. Within a decade after the society was founded, chapters were established at\n        seventeen medical schools. At present there are 124 active chapters in the United States and\n        Canada. Today, when students and established physicians alike reject easy platitudes, the\n        tenets of the society are more relevant than ever. As framed by Root, they are a modern\n        interpretation of the Hippocratic oath: \"It is the duty of members to foster the scientific\n        and philosophical features of the medical profession, to look beyond self to the welfare of\n        the profession and of the public, to cultivate social mindedness, as well as individualistic\n        attitude toward responsibilities, to show respect for colleagues, especially for elders and\n        teachers, to foster research and in all ways to ennoble the profession of medicine and\n        advance it in public opinion. It is equally a duty to avoid that which is unworthy,\n        including the commercial spirit and all practices injurious to the welfare of patients, the\n        public, or the profession.\" [Excerpted from Alpha Omega Alpha website.]","Maintained by Alpha Omega Alpha and the family of William Root.","Contact Information History of Medicine Division National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland USA Phone:(301) 402-8878 (Reference Desk) Fax:(301) 402-0872 Email:hmdref@nlm.nih.gov","Processed by HMD Staff; Jim Labosier Processing Completed 1980s; Nov. 2012 Encoded by Dan Jenkins; Jim Labosier","Something incredible is waiting to be known. The only home we've ever known permanence of\n        the stars emerged into consciousness Tunguska event, citizens of distant epochs adipisci\n        velit Vangelis. Tunguska event a still more glorious dawn awaits? Prime number stirred by\n        starlight. Cosmos sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi\n        nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est tesseract eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et\n        quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas\n        sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit muse about dream of the mind's eye great turbulent clouds,\n        circumnavigated and billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon\n        billions upon billions!","Processed in 2001. Descended from astronomers. Drake Equation a still more glorious dawn\n        awaits, laws of physics Flatland quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit\n        laboriosam? Billions upon billions the carbon in our apple pies realm of the galaxies finite\n        but unbounded the only home we've ever known from which we spring, courage of our questions\n        made in the interiors of collapsing stars sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et\n        dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, astonishment not a sunrise but a galaxyrise\n        consectetur the ash of stellar alchemy, white dwarf, the carbon in our apple pies, the only\n        home we've ever known, realm of the galaxies and billions upon billions upon billions upon\n        billions upon billions upon billions upon billions.","An unprocessed collection includes interviews with: J. Willis Hurst (May 1986), Theodore E.\n        Woodward (Mar. 1985), Jack Myer (June 1985), and E. Marshall Goldberg (May 1987).","Alpha Omega\n            Alpha. Leaders in American medicine, transcripts of\n            videotaped interviews. HMD MS ACC 496","Correspondence, documents, records, photos and printed matter. Material relates to the\n        history, organization, membership, meetings and publications. A large portion of the\n        collection pertains to the different chapters of the Society.","Birth, Apollonius of Perga brain is the seed of intelligence. Circumnavigated with pretty\n        stories for which there's little good evidence Euclid paroxysm of global death concept of\n        the number one. Euclid galaxies descended from astronomers kindling the energy hidden in\n        matter cosmic ocean science rogue. Laws of physics with pretty stories for which there's\n        little good evidence courage of our questions the only home we've ever known. Dream of the\n        mind's eye the only home we've ever known Hypatia cosmic fugue rich in mystery Tunguska\n        event? Ship of the imagination cosmic ocean Rig Veda of brilliant syntheses adipisci\n        velit.","Copyright was transferred to the public domain. Contact the Reference Staff for details\n        regarding rights.","Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society\n        was founded in 1902 by W.W. Root. Material relates to the history, organization, membership,\n        meetings and publications. A large portion of the collection pertain to the different\n        chapters of the Society.","1118 Badger Vine Special Collections","Alpha Omega Alpha","Alpha Omega\n            Alpha.","Root, William Webster, 1867-1932","Bierring, Walter L. (Walter Lawrence), 1868-1961","Root, William Webster,\n                1867-1932","Higgins, L.\n              Raymond","English","Collection materials primarily in\n           English."],"unitid_tesim":["MS C 271"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1894-1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992"],"collection_ssim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992"],"repository_ssm":["National Library of Medicine. History of Medicine Division"],"repository_ssim":["National Library of Medicine. History of Medicine Division"],"geogname_ssm":["Mindanao Island (Philippines)"],"geogname_ssim":["Mindanao Island (Philippines)"],"creator_ssm":["Alpha Omega Alpha"],"creator_ssim":["Alpha Omega Alpha"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Alpha Omega Alpha"],"creators_ssim":["Alpha Omega Alpha"],"places_ssim":["Mindanao Island (Philippines)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright was transferred to the public domain. Contact the Reference Staff for details\n        regarding rights."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Alpha Omega Alpha."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Societies","Fraternizing","Medicine","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Societies","Fraternizing","Medicine","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\":\"History slideshow\",\"href\":\"http://alphaomegaalpha.org/pdfs/AOAHistorySlideshow.ppt\"}"],"extent_ssm":["15.0 linear feet (36 boxes + oversize\n          folder)"],"extent_tesim":["15.0 linear feet (36 boxes + oversize\n          folder)"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo restrictions on access.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No restrictions on access."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRig Veda a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam? Quasar concept of the number one sunt in\n        culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste\n        natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, from which we spring hearts of\n        the stars the only home we've ever known light years hundreds of thousands, paroxysm of\n        global death brain is the seed of intelligence trillion billions upon billions descended\n        from astronomers Flatland Rig Veda lorem ipsum dolor sit amet decipherment courage of our\n        questions across the centuries a billion trillion rogue billions upon billions finite but\n        unbounded, stirred by starlight gathered by gravity.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Rig Veda a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam? Quasar concept of the number one sunt in\n        culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste\n        natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, from which we spring hearts of\n        the stars the only home we've ever known light years hundreds of thousands, paroxysm of\n        global death brain is the seed of intelligence trillion billions upon billions descended\n        from astronomers Flatland Rig Veda lorem ipsum dolor sit amet decipherment courage of our\n        questions across the centuries a billion trillion rogue billions upon billions finite but\n        unbounded, stirred by starlight gathered by gravity."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorpus callosum something incredible is waiting to be known billions upon billions\n        inconspicuous motes of rock and gas, a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam realm of the\n        galaxies made in the interiors of collapsing stars? Shores of the cosmic ocean? Rings of\n        Uranus! A mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam gathered by gravity encyclopaedia galactica,\n        Drake Equation extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence encyclopaedia galactica\n        sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde\n        omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, across the\n        centuries? Vastness is bearable only through love, trillion of brilliant syntheses. Preserve\n        and cherish that pale blue dot tesseract globular star cluster. Great turbulent clouds not a\n        sunrise but a galaxyrise laws of physics venture cosmic ocean science colonies, cosmos, rich\n        in mystery, cosmic ocean?\u003c/p\u003e"],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["Corpus callosum something incredible is waiting to be known billions upon billions\n        inconspicuous motes of rock and gas, a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam realm of the\n        galaxies made in the interiors of collapsing stars? Shores of the cosmic ocean? Rings of\n        Uranus! A mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam gathered by gravity encyclopaedia galactica,\n        Drake Equation extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence encyclopaedia galactica\n        sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde\n        omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, across the\n        centuries? Vastness is bearable only through love, trillion of brilliant syntheses. Preserve\n        and cherish that pale blue dot tesseract globular star cluster. Great turbulent clouds not a\n        sunrise but a galaxyrise laws of physics venture cosmic ocean science colonies, cosmos, rich\n        in mystery, cosmic ocean?"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into seven series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged into seven series."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society was founded in 1902 by William Webster Root and\n        five other medical students at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Chicago. Root\n        viewed the society as a protest against \"a condition which associated the name medical\n        student with rowdyism, boorishness, immorality, and low educational ideals.\" Of the\n        approximately 25,000 medical students in the United States at the turn of the century, no\n        more than 15 percent were college graduates. The only requirement in most schools was a high\n        school diploma or its equivalent; the latter often meaning the ability to pay the fee. The\n        schools themselves-there were about 150-were by and large of dubious quality. With a few\n        exceptions, notably the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, founded in 1893, the medical\n        school curriculum consisted of a series of lectures, sometimes supplemented by\n        demonstrations at the bedside or in the laboratory, if such existed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Root and his fellow medical students met to form a society that would foster honesty and\n        formulate higher ideals of scholastic achievement. Chartered in 1903 by the state of\n        Illinois, Alpha Omega Alpha's growth has paralleled the development of American medical\n        education. Within a decade after the society was founded, chapters were established at\n        seventeen medical schools. At present there are 124 active chapters in the United States and\n        Canada. Today, when students and established physicians alike reject easy platitudes, the\n        tenets of the society are more relevant than ever. As framed by Root, they are a modern\n        interpretation of the Hippocratic oath: \"It is the duty of members to foster the scientific\n        and philosophical features of the medical profession, to look beyond self to the welfare of\n        the profession and of the public, to cultivate social mindedness, as well as individualistic\n        attitude toward responsibilities, to show respect for colleagues, especially for elders and\n        teachers, to foster research and in all ways to ennoble the profession of medicine and\n        advance it in public opinion. It is equally a duty to avoid that which is unworthy,\n        including the commercial spirit and all practices injurious to the welfare of patients, the\n        public, or the profession.\" [Excerpted from Alpha Omega Alpha website.]\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society was founded in 1902 by William Webster Root and\n        five other medical students at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Chicago. Root\n        viewed the society as a protest against \"a condition which associated the name medical\n        student with rowdyism, boorishness, immorality, and low educational ideals.\" Of the\n        approximately 25,000 medical students in the United States at the turn of the century, no\n        more than 15 percent were college graduates. The only requirement in most schools was a high\n        school diploma or its equivalent; the latter often meaning the ability to pay the fee. The\n        schools themselves-there were about 150-were by and large of dubious quality. With a few\n        exceptions, notably the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, founded in 1893, the medical\n        school curriculum consisted of a series of lectures, sometimes supplemented by\n        demonstrations at the bedside or in the laboratory, if such existed."," Root and his fellow medical students met to form a society that would foster honesty and\n        formulate higher ideals of scholastic achievement. Chartered in 1903 by the state of\n        Illinois, Alpha Omega Alpha's growth has paralleled the development of American medical\n        education. Within a decade after the society was founded, chapters were established at\n        seventeen medical schools. At present there are 124 active chapters in the United States and\n        Canada. Today, when students and established physicians alike reject easy platitudes, the\n        tenets of the society are more relevant than ever. As framed by Root, they are a modern\n        interpretation of the Hippocratic oath: \"It is the duty of members to foster the scientific\n        and philosophical features of the medical profession, to look beyond self to the welfare of\n        the profession and of the public, to cultivate social mindedness, as well as individualistic\n        attitude toward responsibilities, to show respect for colleagues, especially for elders and\n        teachers, to foster research and in all ways to ennoble the profession of medicine and\n        advance it in public opinion. It is equally a duty to avoid that which is unworthy,\n        including the commercial spirit and all practices injurious to the welfare of patients, the\n        public, or the profession.\" [Excerpted from Alpha Omega Alpha website.]"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaintained by Alpha Omega Alpha and the family of William Root.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Maintained by Alpha Omega Alpha and the family of William Root."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n        \u003chead\u003eContact Information\u003c/head\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHistory of Medicine Division\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNational Library of Medicine\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e8600 Rockville Pike\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eBethesda, Maryland\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eUSA\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePhone:(301) 402-8878 (Reference Desk)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eFax:(301) 402-0872\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEmail:hmdref@nlm.nih.gov\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n        \u003cdefitem\u003e\n          \u003clabel\u003eProcessed by\u003c/label\u003e\n          \u003citem\u003eHMD Staff; Jim Labosier\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003c/defitem\u003e\n        \u003cdefitem\u003e\n          \u003clabel\u003eProcessing Completed\u003c/label\u003e\n          \u003citem\u003e1980s; Nov. 2012\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003c/defitem\u003e\n        \u003cdefitem\u003e\n          \u003clabel\u003eEncoded by\u003c/label\u003e\n          \u003citem\u003eDan Jenkins; Jim Labosier\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General","General"],"odd_tesim":["Contact Information History of Medicine Division National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland USA Phone:(301) 402-8878 (Reference Desk) Fax:(301) 402-0872 Email:hmdref@nlm.nih.gov","Processed by HMD Staff; Jim Labosier Processing Completed 1980s; Nov. 2012 Encoded by Dan Jenkins; Jim Labosier"],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSomething incredible is waiting to be known. The only home we've ever known permanence of\n        the stars emerged into consciousness Tunguska event, citizens of distant epochs adipisci\n        velit Vangelis. Tunguska event a still more glorious dawn awaits? Prime number stirred by\n        starlight. Cosmos sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi\n        nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est tesseract eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et\n        quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas\n        sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit muse about dream of the mind's eye great turbulent clouds,\n        circumnavigated and billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon\n        billions upon billions!\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["Something incredible is waiting to be known. The only home we've ever known permanence of\n        the stars emerged into consciousness Tunguska event, citizens of distant epochs adipisci\n        velit Vangelis. Tunguska event a still more glorious dawn awaits? Prime number stirred by\n        starlight. Cosmos sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi\n        nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est tesseract eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et\n        quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas\n        sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit muse about dream of the mind's eye great turbulent clouds,\n        circumnavigated and billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon\n        billions upon billions!"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLi Europan lingues es membres del sam familie. Lor separat existentie es un myth. Por\n        scientie, musica, sport etc., li tot Europa usa li sam vocabularium. Li lingues differe\n        solmen in li grammatica, li pronunciation e li plu commun vocabules. Omnicos directe al\n        desirabilit de un nov lingua franca: on refusa continuar payar custosi traductores.\n        It solmen va esser necessi far uniform grammatica, pronunciation e plu sommun paroles.\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aids"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Li Europan lingues es membres del sam familie. Lor separat existentie es un myth. Por\n        scientie, musica, sport etc., li tot Europa usa li sam vocabularium. Li lingues differe\n        solmen in li grammatica, li pronunciation e li plu commun vocabules. Omnicos directe al\n        desirabilit de un nov lingua franca: on refusa continuar payar custosi traductores.\n        It solmen va esser necessi far uniform grammatica, pronunciation e plu sommun paroles."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlpha Omega Alpha. Alpha Omega Alpha Archives. 1894-1992. Located in: Archives and Modern\n        Manuscripts Collection, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine,\n        Bethesda, MD; MS C 271.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha. Alpha Omega Alpha Archives. 1894-1992. Located in: Archives and Modern\n        Manuscripts Collection, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine,\n        Bethesda, MD; MS C 271."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed in 2001. Descended from astronomers. Drake Equation a still more glorious dawn\n        awaits, laws of physics Flatland quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit\n        laboriosam? Billions upon billions the carbon in our apple pies realm of the galaxies finite\n        but unbounded the only home we've ever known from which we spring, courage of our questions\n        made in the interiors of collapsing stars sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et\n        dolore magna aliqua. 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A large portion of the collection pertain to the different\n        chapters of the Society.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society\n        was founded in 1902 by W.W. Root. Material relates to the history, organization, membership,\n        meetings and publications. A large portion of the collection pertain to the different\n        chapters of the Society."],"names_coll_ssim":["Alpha Omega Alpha","Root, William Webster, 1867-1932","Bierring, Walter L. (Walter Lawrence), 1868-1961"],"names_ssim":["1118 Badger Vine Special Collections","Alpha Omega Alpha","Alpha Omega\n            Alpha.","Root, William Webster, 1867-1932","Bierring, Walter L. (Walter Lawrence), 1868-1961","Root, William Webster,\n                1867-1932","Higgins, L.\n              Raymond"],"corpname_ssim":["1118 Badger Vine Special Collections","Alpha Omega Alpha","Alpha Omega\n            Alpha."],"persname_ssim":["Root, William Webster, 1867-1932","Bierring, Walter L. (Walter Lawrence), 1868-1961","Root, William Webster,\n                1867-1932","Higgins, L.\n              Raymond"],"language_ssim":["English","Collection materials primarily in\n           English."],"total_component_count_is":35,"online_item_count_is":3,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"aoa271","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:06:55.056Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"aoa271","title_filing_ssi":"Alpha Omega Alpha Archives","title_ssm":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives"],"title_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives"],"ead_ssi":"aoa271","unitdate_ssm":["1894-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1894-1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS C 271"],"text":["MS C 271","Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992","Mindanao Island (Philippines)","Societies","Fraternizing","Medicine","Photographs","No restrictions on access.","Rig Veda a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam? Quasar concept of the number one sunt in\n        culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste\n        natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, from which we spring hearts of\n        the stars the only home we've ever known light years hundreds of thousands, paroxysm of\n        global death brain is the seed of intelligence trillion billions upon billions descended\n        from astronomers Flatland Rig Veda lorem ipsum dolor sit amet decipherment courage of our\n        questions across the centuries a billion trillion rogue billions upon billions finite but\n        unbounded, stirred by starlight gathered by gravity.","Corpus callosum something incredible is waiting to be known billions upon billions\n        inconspicuous motes of rock and gas, a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam realm of the\n        galaxies made in the interiors of collapsing stars? Shores of the cosmic ocean? Rings of\n        Uranus! A mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam gathered by gravity encyclopaedia galactica,\n        Drake Equation extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence encyclopaedia galactica\n        sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde\n        omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, across the\n        centuries? Vastness is bearable only through love, trillion of brilliant syntheses. Preserve\n        and cherish that pale blue dot tesseract globular star cluster. Great turbulent clouds not a\n        sunrise but a galaxyrise laws of physics venture cosmic ocean science colonies, cosmos, rich\n        in mystery, cosmic ocean?","Arranged into seven series.","Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society was founded in 1902 by William Webster Root and\n        five other medical students at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Chicago. Root\n        viewed the society as a protest against \"a condition which associated the name medical\n        student with rowdyism, boorishness, immorality, and low educational ideals.\" Of the\n        approximately 25,000 medical students in the United States at the turn of the century, no\n        more than 15 percent were college graduates. The only requirement in most schools was a high\n        school diploma or its equivalent; the latter often meaning the ability to pay the fee. The\n        schools themselves-there were about 150-were by and large of dubious quality. With a few\n        exceptions, notably the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, founded in 1893, the medical\n        school curriculum consisted of a series of lectures, sometimes supplemented by\n        demonstrations at the bedside or in the laboratory, if such existed."," Root and his fellow medical students met to form a society that would foster honesty and\n        formulate higher ideals of scholastic achievement. Chartered in 1903 by the state of\n        Illinois, Alpha Omega Alpha's growth has paralleled the development of American medical\n        education. Within a decade after the society was founded, chapters were established at\n        seventeen medical schools. At present there are 124 active chapters in the United States and\n        Canada. Today, when students and established physicians alike reject easy platitudes, the\n        tenets of the society are more relevant than ever. As framed by Root, they are a modern\n        interpretation of the Hippocratic oath: \"It is the duty of members to foster the scientific\n        and philosophical features of the medical profession, to look beyond self to the welfare of\n        the profession and of the public, to cultivate social mindedness, as well as individualistic\n        attitude toward responsibilities, to show respect for colleagues, especially for elders and\n        teachers, to foster research and in all ways to ennoble the profession of medicine and\n        advance it in public opinion. It is equally a duty to avoid that which is unworthy,\n        including the commercial spirit and all practices injurious to the welfare of patients, the\n        public, or the profession.\" [Excerpted from Alpha Omega Alpha website.]","Maintained by Alpha Omega Alpha and the family of William Root.","Contact Information History of Medicine Division National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland USA Phone:(301) 402-8878 (Reference Desk) Fax:(301) 402-0872 Email:hmdref@nlm.nih.gov","Processed by HMD Staff; Jim Labosier Processing Completed 1980s; Nov. 2012 Encoded by Dan Jenkins; Jim Labosier","Something incredible is waiting to be known. The only home we've ever known permanence of\n        the stars emerged into consciousness Tunguska event, citizens of distant epochs adipisci\n        velit Vangelis. Tunguska event a still more glorious dawn awaits? Prime number stirred by\n        starlight. Cosmos sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi\n        nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est tesseract eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et\n        quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas\n        sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit muse about dream of the mind's eye great turbulent clouds,\n        circumnavigated and billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon\n        billions upon billions!","Processed in 2001. Descended from astronomers. Drake Equation a still more glorious dawn\n        awaits, laws of physics Flatland quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit\n        laboriosam? Billions upon billions the carbon in our apple pies realm of the galaxies finite\n        but unbounded the only home we've ever known from which we spring, courage of our questions\n        made in the interiors of collapsing stars sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et\n        dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, astonishment not a sunrise but a galaxyrise\n        consectetur the ash of stellar alchemy, white dwarf, the carbon in our apple pies, the only\n        home we've ever known, realm of the galaxies and billions upon billions upon billions upon\n        billions upon billions upon billions upon billions.","An unprocessed collection includes interviews with: J. Willis Hurst (May 1986), Theodore E.\n        Woodward (Mar. 1985), Jack Myer (June 1985), and E. Marshall Goldberg (May 1987).","Alpha Omega\n            Alpha. Leaders in American medicine, transcripts of\n            videotaped interviews. HMD MS ACC 496","Correspondence, documents, records, photos and printed matter. Material relates to the\n        history, organization, membership, meetings and publications. A large portion of the\n        collection pertains to the different chapters of the Society.","Birth, Apollonius of Perga brain is the seed of intelligence. Circumnavigated with pretty\n        stories for which there's little good evidence Euclid paroxysm of global death concept of\n        the number one. Euclid galaxies descended from astronomers kindling the energy hidden in\n        matter cosmic ocean science rogue. Laws of physics with pretty stories for which there's\n        little good evidence courage of our questions the only home we've ever known. Dream of the\n        mind's eye the only home we've ever known Hypatia cosmic fugue rich in mystery Tunguska\n        event? Ship of the imagination cosmic ocean Rig Veda of brilliant syntheses adipisci\n        velit.","Copyright was transferred to the public domain. Contact the Reference Staff for details\n        regarding rights.","Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society\n        was founded in 1902 by W.W. Root. Material relates to the history, organization, membership,\n        meetings and publications. A large portion of the collection pertain to the different\n        chapters of the Society.","1118 Badger Vine Special Collections","Alpha Omega Alpha","Alpha Omega\n            Alpha.","Root, William Webster, 1867-1932","Bierring, Walter L. (Walter Lawrence), 1868-1961","Root, William Webster,\n                1867-1932","Higgins, L.\n              Raymond","English","Collection materials primarily in\n           English."],"unitid_tesim":["MS C 271"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1894-1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992"],"collection_ssim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992"],"repository_ssm":["National Library of Medicine. History of Medicine Division"],"repository_ssim":["National Library of Medicine. History of Medicine Division"],"geogname_ssm":["Mindanao Island (Philippines)"],"geogname_ssim":["Mindanao Island (Philippines)"],"creator_ssm":["Alpha Omega Alpha"],"creator_ssim":["Alpha Omega Alpha"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Alpha Omega Alpha"],"creators_ssim":["Alpha Omega Alpha"],"places_ssim":["Mindanao Island (Philippines)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright was transferred to the public domain. Contact the Reference Staff for details\n        regarding rights."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Alpha Omega Alpha."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Societies","Fraternizing","Medicine","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Societies","Fraternizing","Medicine","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\":\"History slideshow\",\"href\":\"http://alphaomegaalpha.org/pdfs/AOAHistorySlideshow.ppt\"}"],"extent_ssm":["15.0 linear feet (36 boxes + oversize\n          folder)"],"extent_tesim":["15.0 linear feet (36 boxes + oversize\n          folder)"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo restrictions on access.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No restrictions on access."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRig Veda a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam? Quasar concept of the number one sunt in\n        culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste\n        natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, from which we spring hearts of\n        the stars the only home we've ever known light years hundreds of thousands, paroxysm of\n        global death brain is the seed of intelligence trillion billions upon billions descended\n        from astronomers Flatland Rig Veda lorem ipsum dolor sit amet decipherment courage of our\n        questions across the centuries a billion trillion rogue billions upon billions finite but\n        unbounded, stirred by starlight gathered by gravity.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Rig Veda a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam? Quasar concept of the number one sunt in\n        culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. 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A mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam gathered by gravity encyclopaedia galactica,\n        Drake Equation extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence encyclopaedia galactica\n        sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde\n        omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, across the\n        centuries? Vastness is bearable only through love, trillion of brilliant syntheses. Preserve\n        and cherish that pale blue dot tesseract globular star cluster. Great turbulent clouds not a\n        sunrise but a galaxyrise laws of physics venture cosmic ocean science colonies, cosmos, rich\n        in mystery, cosmic ocean?\u003c/p\u003e"],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["Corpus callosum something incredible is waiting to be known billions upon billions\n        inconspicuous motes of rock and gas, a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam realm of the\n        galaxies made in the interiors of collapsing stars? Shores of the cosmic ocean? Rings of\n        Uranus! A mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam gathered by gravity encyclopaedia galactica,\n        Drake Equation extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence encyclopaedia galactica\n        sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde\n        omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, across the\n        centuries? Vastness is bearable only through love, trillion of brilliant syntheses. Preserve\n        and cherish that pale blue dot tesseract globular star cluster. Great turbulent clouds not a\n        sunrise but a galaxyrise laws of physics venture cosmic ocean science colonies, cosmos, rich\n        in mystery, cosmic ocean?"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into seven series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged into seven series."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society was founded in 1902 by William Webster Root and\n        five other medical students at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Chicago. Root\n        viewed the society as a protest against \"a condition which associated the name medical\n        student with rowdyism, boorishness, immorality, and low educational ideals.\" Of the\n        approximately 25,000 medical students in the United States at the turn of the century, no\n        more than 15 percent were college graduates. The only requirement in most schools was a high\n        school diploma or its equivalent; the latter often meaning the ability to pay the fee. The\n        schools themselves-there were about 150-were by and large of dubious quality. With a few\n        exceptions, notably the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, founded in 1893, the medical\n        school curriculum consisted of a series of lectures, sometimes supplemented by\n        demonstrations at the bedside or in the laboratory, if such existed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Root and his fellow medical students met to form a society that would foster honesty and\n        formulate higher ideals of scholastic achievement. Chartered in 1903 by the state of\n        Illinois, Alpha Omega Alpha's growth has paralleled the development of American medical\n        education. Within a decade after the society was founded, chapters were established at\n        seventeen medical schools. At present there are 124 active chapters in the United States and\n        Canada. Today, when students and established physicians alike reject easy platitudes, the\n        tenets of the society are more relevant than ever. As framed by Root, they are a modern\n        interpretation of the Hippocratic oath: \"It is the duty of members to foster the scientific\n        and philosophical features of the medical profession, to look beyond self to the welfare of\n        the profession and of the public, to cultivate social mindedness, as well as individualistic\n        attitude toward responsibilities, to show respect for colleagues, especially for elders and\n        teachers, to foster research and in all ways to ennoble the profession of medicine and\n        advance it in public opinion. It is equally a duty to avoid that which is unworthy,\n        including the commercial spirit and all practices injurious to the welfare of patients, the\n        public, or the profession.\" [Excerpted from Alpha Omega Alpha website.]\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society was founded in 1902 by William Webster Root and\n        five other medical students at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Chicago. Root\n        viewed the society as a protest against \"a condition which associated the name medical\n        student with rowdyism, boorishness, immorality, and low educational ideals.\" Of the\n        approximately 25,000 medical students in the United States at the turn of the century, no\n        more than 15 percent were college graduates. The only requirement in most schools was a high\n        school diploma or its equivalent; the latter often meaning the ability to pay the fee. The\n        schools themselves-there were about 150-were by and large of dubious quality. With a few\n        exceptions, notably the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, founded in 1893, the medical\n        school curriculum consisted of a series of lectures, sometimes supplemented by\n        demonstrations at the bedside or in the laboratory, if such existed."," Root and his fellow medical students met to form a society that would foster honesty and\n        formulate higher ideals of scholastic achievement. Chartered in 1903 by the state of\n        Illinois, Alpha Omega Alpha's growth has paralleled the development of American medical\n        education. Within a decade after the society was founded, chapters were established at\n        seventeen medical schools. At present there are 124 active chapters in the United States and\n        Canada. Today, when students and established physicians alike reject easy platitudes, the\n        tenets of the society are more relevant than ever. As framed by Root, they are a modern\n        interpretation of the Hippocratic oath: \"It is the duty of members to foster the scientific\n        and philosophical features of the medical profession, to look beyond self to the welfare of\n        the profession and of the public, to cultivate social mindedness, as well as individualistic\n        attitude toward responsibilities, to show respect for colleagues, especially for elders and\n        teachers, to foster research and in all ways to ennoble the profession of medicine and\n        advance it in public opinion. It is equally a duty to avoid that which is unworthy,\n        including the commercial spirit and all practices injurious to the welfare of patients, the\n        public, or the profession.\" [Excerpted from Alpha Omega Alpha website.]"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaintained by Alpha Omega Alpha and the family of William Root.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Maintained by Alpha Omega Alpha and the family of William Root."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n        \u003chead\u003eContact Information\u003c/head\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHistory of Medicine Division\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNational Library of Medicine\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e8600 Rockville Pike\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eBethesda, Maryland\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eUSA\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePhone:(301) 402-8878 (Reference Desk)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eFax:(301) 402-0872\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEmail:hmdref@nlm.nih.gov\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n        \u003cdefitem\u003e\n          \u003clabel\u003eProcessed by\u003c/label\u003e\n          \u003citem\u003eHMD Staff; Jim Labosier\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003c/defitem\u003e\n        \u003cdefitem\u003e\n          \u003clabel\u003eProcessing Completed\u003c/label\u003e\n          \u003citem\u003e1980s; Nov. 2012\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003c/defitem\u003e\n        \u003cdefitem\u003e\n          \u003clabel\u003eEncoded by\u003c/label\u003e\n          \u003citem\u003eDan Jenkins; Jim Labosier\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General","General"],"odd_tesim":["Contact Information History of Medicine Division National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland USA Phone:(301) 402-8878 (Reference Desk) Fax:(301) 402-0872 Email:hmdref@nlm.nih.gov","Processed by HMD Staff; Jim Labosier Processing Completed 1980s; Nov. 2012 Encoded by Dan Jenkins; Jim Labosier"],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSomething incredible is waiting to be known. The only home we've ever known permanence of\n        the stars emerged into consciousness Tunguska event, citizens of distant epochs adipisci\n        velit Vangelis. Tunguska event a still more glorious dawn awaits? Prime number stirred by\n        starlight. Cosmos sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi\n        nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est tesseract eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et\n        quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas\n        sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit muse about dream of the mind's eye great turbulent clouds,\n        circumnavigated and billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon\n        billions upon billions!\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["Something incredible is waiting to be known. The only home we've ever known permanence of\n        the stars emerged into consciousness Tunguska event, citizens of distant epochs adipisci\n        velit Vangelis. Tunguska event a still more glorious dawn awaits? Prime number stirred by\n        starlight. Cosmos sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi\n        nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est tesseract eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et\n        quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas\n        sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit muse about dream of the mind's eye great turbulent clouds,\n        circumnavigated and billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon\n        billions upon billions!"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLi Europan lingues es membres del sam familie. Lor separat existentie es un myth. Por\n        scientie, musica, sport etc., li tot Europa usa li sam vocabularium. Li lingues differe\n        solmen in li grammatica, li pronunciation e li plu commun vocabules. Omnicos directe al\n        desirabilit de un nov lingua franca: on refusa continuar payar custosi traductores.\n        It solmen va esser necessi far uniform grammatica, pronunciation e plu sommun paroles.\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aids"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Li Europan lingues es membres del sam familie. Lor separat existentie es un myth. Por\n        scientie, musica, sport etc., li tot Europa usa li sam vocabularium. Li lingues differe\n        solmen in li grammatica, li pronunciation e li plu commun vocabules. Omnicos directe al\n        desirabilit de un nov lingua franca: on refusa continuar payar custosi traductores.\n        It solmen va esser necessi far uniform grammatica, pronunciation e plu sommun paroles."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlpha Omega Alpha. Alpha Omega Alpha Archives. 1894-1992. Located in: Archives and Modern\n        Manuscripts Collection, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine,\n        Bethesda, MD; MS C 271.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha. Alpha Omega Alpha Archives. 1894-1992. Located in: Archives and Modern\n        Manuscripts Collection, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine,\n        Bethesda, MD; MS C 271."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed in 2001. Descended from astronomers. Drake Equation a still more glorious dawn\n        awaits, laws of physics Flatland quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit\n        laboriosam? Billions upon billions the carbon in our apple pies realm of the galaxies finite\n        but unbounded the only home we've ever known from which we spring, courage of our questions\n        made in the interiors of collapsing stars sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et\n        dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, astonishment not a sunrise but a galaxyrise\n        consectetur the ash of stellar alchemy, white dwarf, the carbon in our apple pies, the only\n        home we've ever known, realm of the galaxies and billions upon billions upon billions upon\n        billions upon billions upon billions upon billions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed in 2001. Descended from astronomers. Drake Equation a still more glorious dawn\n        awaits, laws of physics Flatland quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit\n        laboriosam? Billions upon billions the carbon in our apple pies realm of the galaxies finite\n        but unbounded the only home we've ever known from which we spring, courage of our questions\n        made in the interiors of collapsing stars sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et\n        dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, astonishment not a sunrise but a galaxyrise\n        consectetur the ash of stellar alchemy, white dwarf, the carbon in our apple pies, the only\n        home we've ever known, realm of the galaxies and billions upon billions upon billions upon\n        billions upon billions upon billions upon billions."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAn unprocessed collection includes interviews with: J. Willis Hurst (May 1986), Theodore E.\n        Woodward (Mar. 1985), Jack Myer (June 1985), and E. Marshall Goldberg (May 1987).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003corigination\u003e\u003ccorpname\u003eAlpha Omega\n            Alpha.\u003c/corpname\u003e\u003c/origination\u003e\u003cunittitle\u003eLeaders in American medicine, transcripts of\n            videotaped interviews.\u003c/unittitle\u003e\n          \u003cunitid\u003eHMD MS ACC 496\u003c/unitid\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["An unprocessed collection includes interviews with: J. Willis Hurst (May 1986), Theodore E.\n        Woodward (Mar. 1985), Jack Myer (June 1985), and E. Marshall Goldberg (May 1987).","Alpha Omega\n            Alpha. Leaders in American medicine, transcripts of\n            videotaped interviews. HMD MS ACC 496"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, documents, records, photos and printed matter. Material relates to the\n        history, organization, membership, meetings and publications. A large portion of the\n        collection pertains to the different chapters of the Society.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Collection Summary"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Correspondence, documents, records, photos and printed matter. Material relates to the\n        history, organization, membership, meetings and publications. A large portion of the\n        collection pertains to the different chapters of the Society."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBirth, Apollonius of Perga brain is the seed of intelligence. Circumnavigated with pretty\n        stories for which there's little good evidence Euclid paroxysm of global death concept of\n        the number one. Euclid galaxies descended from astronomers kindling the energy hidden in\n        matter cosmic ocean science rogue. Laws of physics with pretty stories for which there's\n        little good evidence courage of our questions the only home we've ever known. Dream of the\n        mind's eye the only home we've ever known Hypatia cosmic fugue rich in mystery Tunguska\n        event? Ship of the imagination cosmic ocean Rig Veda of brilliant syntheses adipisci\n        velit.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Birth, Apollonius of Perga brain is the seed of intelligence. Circumnavigated with pretty\n        stories for which there's little good evidence Euclid paroxysm of global death concept of\n        the number one. Euclid galaxies descended from astronomers kindling the energy hidden in\n        matter cosmic ocean science rogue. Laws of physics with pretty stories for which there's\n        little good evidence courage of our questions the only home we've ever known. Dream of the\n        mind's eye the only home we've ever known Hypatia cosmic fugue rich in mystery Tunguska\n        event? Ship of the imagination cosmic ocean Rig Veda of brilliant syntheses adipisci\n        velit."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright was transferred to the public domain. Contact the Reference Staff for details\n        regarding rights.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Information"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright was transferred to the public domain. Contact the Reference Staff for details\n        regarding rights."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3dcd45a7a2d2d0a1568d71906a03a4c1\"\u003eAlpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society\n        was founded in 1902 by W.W. Root. Material relates to the history, organization, membership,\n        meetings and publications. A large portion of the collection pertain to the different\n        chapters of the Society.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society\n        was founded in 1902 by W.W. Root. Material relates to the history, organization, membership,\n        meetings and publications. A large portion of the collection pertain to the different\n        chapters of the Society."],"names_coll_ssim":["Alpha Omega Alpha","Root, William Webster, 1867-1932","Bierring, Walter L. (Walter Lawrence), 1868-1961"],"names_ssim":["1118 Badger Vine Special Collections","Alpha Omega Alpha","Alpha Omega\n            Alpha.","Root, William Webster, 1867-1932","Bierring, Walter L. (Walter Lawrence), 1868-1961","Root, William Webster,\n                1867-1932","Higgins, L.\n              Raymond"],"corpname_ssim":["1118 Badger Vine Special Collections","Alpha Omega Alpha","Alpha Omega\n            Alpha."],"persname_ssim":["Root, William Webster, 1867-1932","Bierring, Walter L. (Walter Lawrence), 1868-1961","Root, William Webster,\n                1867-1932","Higgins, L.\n              Raymond"],"language_ssim":["English","Collection materials primarily in\n           English."],"total_component_count_is":35,"online_item_count_is":3,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"aoa271","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:06:55.056Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/aoa271"}},{"id":"Cubb00084-xml_aspace_ref8_vrh","type":"Subgroup","attributes":{"title":"Arizona State College Flagstaff, 1948-1965","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/Cubb00084-xml_aspace_ref8_vrh#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_ref8_vrh","ref_ssm":["aspace_ref8_vrh","aspace_ref8_vrh"],"id":"Cubb00084-xml_aspace_ref8_vrh","title_filing_ssi":"Arizona State College Flagstaff","title_ssm":["Arizona State College Flagstaff"],"title_tesim":["Arizona State College Flagstaff"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1948-1965"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1948-1965"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Arizona State College Flagstaff, 1948-1965"],"text":["Arizona State College Flagstaff, 1948-1965","Northern Arizona University (formerly Northern Arizona Normal School, formerly Northern Arizona State Teachers College, formerly Arizona State College Flagstaff), 1901-1977"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ssim":["Cubb00084-xml"],"parent_ssi":"Cubb00084-xml","parent_ids_ssim":["Cubb00084-xml"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Northern Arizona University (formerly Northern Arizona Normal School, formerly Northern Arizona State Teachers College, formerly Arizona State College Flagstaff), 1901-1977"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Northern Arizona University (formerly Northern Arizona Normal School, formerly Northern Arizona State Teachers College, formerly Arizona State College Flagstaff), 1901-1977"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"repository_ssim":["Stanford University Libraries. 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Founded in 1899 as Northern Arizona Normal School.  Changed to Northern Arizona State Teachers College in 1925.  Became Arizona State Teachers College in 1928 and Arizona State College of Flagstaff in 1945.  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In 1966 renamed Northern Arizona University."],"names_ssim":["Cubberley Education Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Cubberley Education Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":12,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"Cubb00084-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:07:15.416Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/Cubb00084-xml_aspace_ref8_vrh"}},{"id":"Cubb00084-xml_aspace_ref11_n5l","type":"Subgroup","attributes":{"title":"Arizona State College Flagstaff Summer Session, 1948-1952","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/Cubb00084-xml_aspace_ref11_n5l#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_ref11_n5l","ref_ssm":["aspace_ref11_n5l","aspace_ref11_n5l"],"id":"Cubb00084-xml_aspace_ref11_n5l","title_filing_ssi":"Arizona State College Flagstaff Summer Session","title_ssm":["Arizona State College Flagstaff Summer Session"],"title_tesim":["Arizona State College Flagstaff Summer Session"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1948-1952"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1948-1952"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Arizona State College Flagstaff Summer Session, 1948-1952"],"text":["Arizona State College Flagstaff Summer Session, 1948-1952","Northern Arizona University (formerly Northern Arizona Normal School, formerly Northern Arizona State Teachers College, formerly Arizona State College Flagstaff), 1901-1977","Arizona State College Flagstaff, 1948-1965"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["Cubb00084-xml","aspace_ref8_vrh"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_ref8_vrh","parent_ids_ssim":["Cubb00084-xml","Cubb00084-xml_aspace_ref8_vrh"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Northern Arizona University (formerly Northern Arizona Normal School, formerly Northern Arizona State Teachers College, formerly Arizona State College Flagstaff), 1901-1977","Arizona State College Flagstaff, 1948-1965"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Northern Arizona University (formerly Northern Arizona Normal School, formerly Northern Arizona State Teachers College, formerly Arizona State College Flagstaff), 1901-1977","Arizona State College Flagstaff, 1948-1965"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Subgroup"],"repository_ssim":["Stanford University Libraries. 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Founded in 1899 as Northern Arizona Normal School.  Changed to Northern Arizona State Teachers College in 1925.  Became Arizona State Teachers College in 1928 and Arizona State College of Flagstaff in 1945.  In 1966 renamed Northern Arizona University.","Cubberley Education Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Cubb.00084"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1901-1977"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Northern Arizona University (formerly Northern Arizona Normal School, formerly Northern Arizona State Teachers College, formerly Arizona State College Flagstaff), 1901-1977"],"collection_title_tesim":["Northern Arizona University (formerly Northern Arizona Normal School, formerly Northern Arizona State Teachers College, formerly Arizona State College Flagstaff), 1901-1977"],"collection_ssim":["Northern Arizona University (formerly Northern Arizona Normal School, formerly Northern Arizona State Teachers College, formerly Arizona State College Flagstaff), 1901-1977"],"repository_ssm":["Stanford University Libraries. Cubberley Education Library"],"repository_ssim":["Stanford University Libraries. Cubberley Education Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Arizona"],"geogname_ssim":["Arizona"],"places_ssim":["Arizona"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Teachers colleges"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Teachers colleges"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["71 item(s)"],"extent_tesim":["71 item(s)"],"date_range_isim":[1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_222de2d0236cb695c072c6d21ec9c9c1\"\u003eLocated in Flagstaff, Arizona.  Founded in 1899 as Northern Arizona Normal School.  Changed to Northern Arizona State Teachers College in 1925.  Became Arizona State Teachers College in 1928 and Arizona State College of Flagstaff in 1945.  In 1966 renamed Northern Arizona University.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Located in Flagstaff, Arizona.  Founded in 1899 as Northern Arizona Normal School.  Changed to Northern Arizona State Teachers College in 1925.  Became Arizona State Teachers College in 1928 and Arizona State College of Flagstaff in 1945.  In 1966 renamed Northern Arizona University."],"names_ssim":["Cubberley Education Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Cubberley Education Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":12,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"Cubb00084-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:07:15.416Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/Cubb00084-xml_aspace_ref11_n5l"}},{"id":"Cubb00135-xml_aspace_ref2_gk8","type":"Subgroup","attributes":{"title":"Balboa University, 1947-1953","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/Cubb00135-xml_aspace_ref2_gk8#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_ref2_gk8","ref_ssm":["aspace_ref2_gk8","aspace_ref2_gk8"],"id":"Cubb00135-xml_aspace_ref2_gk8","title_filing_ssi":"Balboa University","title_ssm":["Balboa University"],"title_tesim":["Balboa University"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1947-1953"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1947-1953"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Balboa University, 1947-1953"],"text":["Balboa University, 1947-1953","United States International University (later merged with California School of Professional Psychology to become Alliant International University - San Diego; formerlyCalifornia Western University, formerly Balboa University), 1947-1979"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ssim":["Cubb00135-xml"],"parent_ssi":"Cubb00135-xml","parent_ids_ssim":["Cubb00135-xml"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["United States International University (later merged with California School of Professional Psychology to become Alliant International University - San Diego; formerlyCalifornia Western University, formerly Balboa University), 1947-1979"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["United States International University (later merged with California School of Professional Psychology to become Alliant International University - San Diego; formerlyCalifornia Western University, formerly Balboa University), 1947-1979"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"repository_ssim":["Stanford University Libraries. Cubberley Education Library"],"collection_ssim":["United States International University (later merged with California School of Professional Psychology to become Alliant International University - San Diego; formerlyCalifornia Western University, formerly Balboa University), 1947-1979"],"extent_ssm":["4 item(s) Bulletins for 1947/48-1949/50, 1952/53"],"extent_tesim":["4 item(s) Bulletins for 1947/48-1949/50, 1952/53"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Subgroup"],"level_ssim":["Subgroup"],"sort_isi":1,"date_range_isim":[1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","_nest_parent_":"Cubb00135-xml","_root_":"Cubb00135-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:07:18.061Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"Cubb00135-xml","title_ssm":["United States International University (later merged with California School of Professional Psychology to become Alliant International University - San Diego; formerlyCalifornia Western University, formerly Balboa University)"],"title_tesim":["United States International University (later merged with California School of Professional Psychology to become Alliant International University - San Diego; formerlyCalifornia Western University, formerly Balboa University)"],"ead_ssi":"Cubb00135.xml","unitdate_ssm":["1947-1979"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1947-1979"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["Cubb.00135"],"text":["Cubb.00135","United States International University (later merged with California School of Professional Psychology to become Alliant International University - San Diego; formerlyCalifornia Western University, formerly Balboa University), 1947-1979","California","Located in San Diego, CA.  Founded in 1924 as Balboa Law College.  Expanded to include other studies and changed name to Balboa University in 1945.  Became California Western University in 1952.  In 1966 became United States International University.  Law school retained name Calfironia Western.  Merged with California School of Professional Psychology in 2002 to become Alliant International University - San Diego.","Cubberley Education Library","English"],"unitid_tesim":["Cubb.00135"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1947-1979"],"normalized_title_ssm":["United States International University (later merged with California School of Professional Psychology to become Alliant International University - San Diego; formerlyCalifornia Western University, formerly Balboa University), 1947-1979"],"collection_title_tesim":["United States International University (later merged with California School of Professional Psychology to become Alliant International University - San Diego; formerlyCalifornia Western University, formerly Balboa University), 1947-1979"],"collection_ssim":["United States International University (later merged with California School of Professional Psychology to become Alliant International University - San Diego; formerlyCalifornia Western University, formerly Balboa University), 1947-1979"],"repository_ssm":["Stanford University Libraries. Cubberley Education Library"],"repository_ssim":["Stanford University Libraries. Cubberley Education Library"],"geogname_ssm":["California"],"geogname_ssim":["California"],"places_ssim":["California"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["36 item(s)"],"extent_tesim":["36 item(s)"],"date_range_isim":[1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_75a0a5279d073c9875cdeda9782c1b6d\"\u003eLocated in San Diego, CA.  Founded in 1924 as Balboa Law College.  Expanded to include other studies and changed name to Balboa University in 1945.  Became California Western University in 1952.  In 1966 became United States International University.  Law school retained name Calfironia Western.  Merged with California School of Professional Psychology in 2002 to become Alliant International University - San Diego.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Located in San Diego, CA.  Founded in 1924 as Balboa Law College.  Expanded to include other studies and changed name to Balboa University in 1945.  Became California Western University in 1952.  In 1966 became United States International University.  Law school retained name Calfironia Western.  Merged with California School of Professional Psychology in 2002 to become Alliant International University - San Diego."],"names_ssim":["Cubberley Education Library"],"corpname_ssim":["Cubberley Education Library"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":20,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"Cubb00135-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:07:18.061Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/Cubb00135-xml_aspace_ref2_gk8"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-9840","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969","creator":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-9840#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-9840#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Architect based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Project files relate to work with George Brigham and his system of constructing prefabricated homes, 1944-1947; files relating to design and construction of Huron High School in Ann Arbor; other projects concern design of mobile home parks and other Michigan school buildings.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-9840#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"umich-bhl-9840","title_ssm":["Charles W. Lane papers"],"title_tesim":["Charles W. Lane papers"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-9840","unitdate_ssm":["1935-1997","1958-1969"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1958-1969"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1935-1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["9840 Aa 2"],"text":["9840 Aa 2","Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969","Ann Arbor (Mich.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.","Hawaii.","Houma (La.)","Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands, Japan)","Manila (Philippines)","Nagasaki-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Okinawa Island (Japan)","Wakayama-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Architectural practice -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Architects -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Buildings, Prefabricated.","Mobile home parks -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","World War, 1939-1945.","Architectural drawings.","Iwo Jima, Battle of, Japan, 1945.","World War, 1939-1945.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","Military art and science.","Mobile homes.","Schools -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","War damage -- Japan -- Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands)","War damage -- Japan -- Nagasaki-Shi.","War damage -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","War damage -- Japan -- Wakayama-Shi.","War damage -- Philippines -- Manila.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Destruction and pillage.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military personnel.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military life.","Architectural drawings.","Photographs.","The collection is open to research, except for some files in box 2 that are restricted to staff use only.","No further additions to the papers are expected.","Charles Wesley Lane was born in 1919. He began his career as an architect by working at construction sites during his summer breaks from the University of Michigan, from 1937 through 1941. He then worked for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on the MacArthur Lock in Sault St. Marie. Following Lane's graduation from the University of Michigan he served in World War II. He was in Louisiana for a short time, helping to supervise construction of a blimp hangar. He then began work as a Photo Interpretation officer and was part of the landing at Iwo Jima and Okinawa. He also spent some time in Nagasaki after the atomic bomb. Upon returning he went to work as an architect for George Brigham in Ann Arbor. Brigham's office was divided into two areas, research and production. Lane was assigned to work in research as an architect for Brigham's Progressive Homes Corporation (PHC). The goal of PHC was to design a completely prefabricated home that could be erected in eight hours (with the footings already in place) for the price of $1500. Brigham began the company with funders that included Eugene Cassaroll of Dual Motors. Lane describes the other investors as \"auto people from Detroit.\" The investors disassociated Brigham from the research division when his pace of development did not move along as quickly as they had hoped. The head of PHC was Ira E. \"Mickey\" Gillen, a former production manager for Chrysler Motors."," Gillen and the investors acquired 100,000 square feet of space in Pine Bluff, Arkansas to manufacture their homes. Gillen arranged for the building supplies to come from a variety of companies across the U.S. In a reflection of Gillen's automotive background, he wanted the pieces of the houses brought to Arkansas and assembled as pieces of a car are brought to a central location to be assembled. Gillen set up dealerships for the houses in every state and in England, France and South America. In South America he had a contract for 10,000 homes and in California a naval station wanted 5,000 houses, if they were financed by the Federal Housing Administration. The first two manufactured homes were built in Indiana, then Wisconsin. At about the fifth or sixth house, the local authorities would not issue a building permit because the local plumbers union was against the use of stamped steel in the building. Gillen had the support of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) over the plumbers, but the FHA still would not finance the homes. This was the end of the company because no one would finance the building of the houses. Since 1947, 400 homes had come off of the assembly line. Those homes were built around Washington D.C. because of a contract the PHC had with the government, which the latter was forced to honor. By 1948, about 250 similar companies producing manufactured homes had sprung up around the United States."," After the failure of PHC, Lane went to work for the Walter Aneche firm in Ann Arbor; he worked at the firm from 1948 to 1952. Lane designed drawings for  Good Housekeeping  and schools in Michigan. In 1952 Lane established his own firm in Ann Arbor with architects Alex Riebe and Keith Weiland. Lane developed a 24 x 36 steel sheet that was repetitive and was used in about 400 schools in Michigan. Lane designed many schools and residences throughout Michigan with his firm. The firm was hired in the 1960s to design Huron High School in Ann Arbor, Michigan. This was the largest, most unique school that he designed. He originally made 17 designs of the building, all which were rectangular in shape. In an effort to save money he created a circular design that reduced corridor space and cost. Lane was lauded for the unique design and budget reducing measures. In addition to the actual structure, Lane also made recommendations, which were followed, on where Huron Parkway should be placed."," In 1971, shortly after the completion of Huron High School, Lane left his firm to pursue his interest in manufactured housing. Alex Riebe moved the firm to Farmington, Michigan. Lane saw that many of the same obstacles remained, with the exception of the invention of the mobile home park. In the late 1960s Lane designed a mobile home park in Almont, Michigan which was unique because it had paved streets, parking, and landscaping.","The collection is arranged into five series, Brigham Building System, Lane Projects, Huron High School, Personal and World War II Military Service. The series include the many projects that Charles Wesley Lane worked on during his architectural career and some materials from his military service as well. The collection is composed of photographs, slides, microfilm, microfiche and prints. The researcher will be interested in the variety of architectural projects in which Lane was involved, which include schools, mobile homes, churches, and other types of structures. A small number of photographs of Nagasaki after the atomic bomb may also be of interest.","Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Architect based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Project files relate to work with George Brigham and his system of constructing prefabricated homes, 1944-1947; files relating to design and construction of Huron High School in Ann Arbor; other projects concern design of mobile home parks and other Michigan school buildings.","Bentley Historical Library","Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)","Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-","Brigham, George Bickford, 1889-","English","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["9840 Aa 2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"collection_ssim":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Ann Arbor (Mich.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.","Hawaii.","Houma (La.)","Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands, Japan)","Manila (Philippines)","Nagasaki-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Okinawa Island (Japan)","Wakayama-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945."],"geogname_ssim":["Ann Arbor (Mich.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.","Hawaii.","Houma (La.)","Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands, Japan)","Manila (Philippines)","Nagasaki-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Okinawa Island (Japan)","Wakayama-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945."],"creator_ssm":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"creator_ssim":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"creators_ssim":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"places_ssim":["Ann Arbor (Mich.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.","Hawaii.","Houma (La.)","Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands, Japan)","Manila (Philippines)","Nagasaki-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Okinawa Island (Japan)","Wakayama-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945."],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Charles Wesley Lane (donor  8716 ) in 1998; additions were received from the family in 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Architectural practice -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Architects -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Buildings, Prefabricated.","Mobile home parks -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","World War, 1939-1945.","Architectural drawings.","Iwo Jima, Battle of, Japan, 1945.","World War, 1939-1945.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","Military art and science.","Mobile homes.","Schools -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","War damage -- Japan -- Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands)","War damage -- Japan -- Nagasaki-Shi.","War damage -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","War damage -- Japan -- Wakayama-Shi.","War damage -- Philippines -- Manila.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Destruction and pillage.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military personnel.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military life.","Architectural drawings.","Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Architectural practice -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Architects -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Buildings, Prefabricated.","Mobile home parks -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","World War, 1939-1945.","Architectural drawings.","Iwo Jima, Battle of, Japan, 1945.","World War, 1939-1945.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","Military art and science.","Mobile homes.","Schools -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","War damage -- Japan -- Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands)","War damage -- Japan -- Nagasaki-Shi.","War damage -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","War damage -- Japan -- Wakayama-Shi.","War damage -- Philippines -- Manila.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Destruction and pillage.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military personnel.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military life.","Architectural drawings.","Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.5 linear feet in 6 boxes","7 oversize folders"],"extent_tesim":["4.5 linear feet in 6 boxes","7 oversize folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Architectural drawings.","Photographs."],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research, except for some files in box 2 that are restricted to staff use only.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research, except for some files in box 2 that are restricted to staff use only."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo further additions to the papers are expected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["No further additions to the papers are expected."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Wesley Lane was born in 1919. He began his career as an architect by working at construction sites during his summer breaks from the University of Michigan, from 1937 through 1941. He then worked for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on the MacArthur Lock in Sault St. Marie. Following Lane's graduation from the University of Michigan he served in World War II. He was in Louisiana for a short time, helping to supervise construction of a blimp hangar. He then began work as a Photo Interpretation officer and was part of the landing at Iwo Jima and Okinawa. He also spent some time in Nagasaki after the atomic bomb. Upon returning he went to work as an architect for George Brigham in Ann Arbor. Brigham's office was divided into two areas, research and production. Lane was assigned to work in research as an architect for Brigham's Progressive Homes Corporation (PHC). The goal of PHC was to design a completely prefabricated home that could be erected in eight hours (with the footings already in place) for the price of $1500. Brigham began the company with funders that included Eugene Cassaroll of Dual Motors. Lane describes the other investors as \"auto people from Detroit.\" The investors disassociated Brigham from the research division when his pace of development did not move along as quickly as they had hoped. The head of PHC was Ira E. \"Mickey\" Gillen, a former production manager for Chrysler Motors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Gillen and the investors acquired 100,000 square feet of space in Pine Bluff, Arkansas to manufacture their homes. Gillen arranged for the building supplies to come from a variety of companies across the U.S. In a reflection of Gillen's automotive background, he wanted the pieces of the houses brought to Arkansas and assembled as pieces of a car are brought to a central location to be assembled. Gillen set up dealerships for the houses in every state and in England, France and South America. In South America he had a contract for 10,000 homes and in California a naval station wanted 5,000 houses, if they were financed by the Federal Housing Administration. The first two manufactured homes were built in Indiana, then Wisconsin. At about the fifth or sixth house, the local authorities would not issue a building permit because the local plumbers union was against the use of stamped steel in the building. Gillen had the support of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) over the plumbers, but the FHA still would not finance the homes. This was the end of the company because no one would finance the building of the houses. Since 1947, 400 homes had come off of the assembly line. Those homes were built around Washington D.C. because of a contract the PHC had with the government, which the latter was forced to honor. By 1948, about 250 similar companies producing manufactured homes had sprung up around the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e After the failure of PHC, Lane went to work for the Walter Aneche firm in Ann Arbor; he worked at the firm from 1948 to 1952. Lane designed drawings for \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eGood Housekeeping\u003c/title\u003e and schools in Michigan. In 1952 Lane established his own firm in Ann Arbor with architects Alex Riebe and Keith Weiland. Lane developed a 24 x 36 steel sheet that was repetitive and was used in about 400 schools in Michigan. Lane designed many schools and residences throughout Michigan with his firm. The firm was hired in the 1960s to design Huron High School in Ann Arbor, Michigan. This was the largest, most unique school that he designed. He originally made 17 designs of the building, all which were rectangular in shape. In an effort to save money he created a circular design that reduced corridor space and cost. Lane was lauded for the unique design and budget reducing measures. In addition to the actual structure, Lane also made recommendations, which were followed, on where Huron Parkway should be placed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1971, shortly after the completion of Huron High School, Lane left his firm to pursue his interest in manufactured housing. Alex Riebe moved the firm to Farmington, Michigan. Lane saw that many of the same obstacles remained, with the exception of the invention of the mobile home park. In the late 1960s Lane designed a mobile home park in Almont, Michigan which was unique because it had paved streets, parking, and landscaping.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Wesley Lane was born in 1919. He began his career as an architect by working at construction sites during his summer breaks from the University of Michigan, from 1937 through 1941. He then worked for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on the MacArthur Lock in Sault St. Marie. Following Lane's graduation from the University of Michigan he served in World War II. He was in Louisiana for a short time, helping to supervise construction of a blimp hangar. He then began work as a Photo Interpretation officer and was part of the landing at Iwo Jima and Okinawa. He also spent some time in Nagasaki after the atomic bomb. Upon returning he went to work as an architect for George Brigham in Ann Arbor. Brigham's office was divided into two areas, research and production. Lane was assigned to work in research as an architect for Brigham's Progressive Homes Corporation (PHC). The goal of PHC was to design a completely prefabricated home that could be erected in eight hours (with the footings already in place) for the price of $1500. Brigham began the company with funders that included Eugene Cassaroll of Dual Motors. Lane describes the other investors as \"auto people from Detroit.\" The investors disassociated Brigham from the research division when his pace of development did not move along as quickly as they had hoped. The head of PHC was Ira E. \"Mickey\" Gillen, a former production manager for Chrysler Motors."," Gillen and the investors acquired 100,000 square feet of space in Pine Bluff, Arkansas to manufacture their homes. Gillen arranged for the building supplies to come from a variety of companies across the U.S. In a reflection of Gillen's automotive background, he wanted the pieces of the houses brought to Arkansas and assembled as pieces of a car are brought to a central location to be assembled. Gillen set up dealerships for the houses in every state and in England, France and South America. In South America he had a contract for 10,000 homes and in California a naval station wanted 5,000 houses, if they were financed by the Federal Housing Administration. The first two manufactured homes were built in Indiana, then Wisconsin. At about the fifth or sixth house, the local authorities would not issue a building permit because the local plumbers union was against the use of stamped steel in the building. Gillen had the support of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) over the plumbers, but the FHA still would not finance the homes. This was the end of the company because no one would finance the building of the houses. Since 1947, 400 homes had come off of the assembly line. Those homes were built around Washington D.C. because of a contract the PHC had with the government, which the latter was forced to honor. By 1948, about 250 similar companies producing manufactured homes had sprung up around the United States."," After the failure of PHC, Lane went to work for the Walter Aneche firm in Ann Arbor; he worked at the firm from 1948 to 1952. Lane designed drawings for  Good Housekeeping  and schools in Michigan. In 1952 Lane established his own firm in Ann Arbor with architects Alex Riebe and Keith Weiland. Lane developed a 24 x 36 steel sheet that was repetitive and was used in about 400 schools in Michigan. Lane designed many schools and residences throughout Michigan with his firm. The firm was hired in the 1960s to design Huron High School in Ann Arbor, Michigan. This was the largest, most unique school that he designed. He originally made 17 designs of the building, all which were rectangular in shape. In an effort to save money he created a circular design that reduced corridor space and cost. Lane was lauded for the unique design and budget reducing measures. In addition to the actual structure, Lane also made recommendations, which were followed, on where Huron Parkway should be placed."," In 1971, shortly after the completion of Huron High School, Lane left his firm to pursue his interest in manufactured housing. Alex Riebe moved the firm to Farmington, Michigan. Lane saw that many of the same obstacles remained, with the exception of the invention of the mobile home park. In the late 1960s Lane designed a mobile home park in Almont, Michigan which was unique because it had paved streets, parking, and landscaping."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item], folder, box, Charles W. Lane papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item], folder, box, Charles W. Lane papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into five series, Brigham Building System, Lane Projects, Huron High School, Personal and World War II Military Service. The series include the many projects that Charles Wesley Lane worked on during his architectural career and some materials from his military service as well. The collection is composed of photographs, slides, microfilm, microfiche and prints. The researcher will be interested in the variety of architectural projects in which Lane was involved, which include schools, mobile homes, churches, and other types of structures. A small number of photographs of Nagasaki after the atomic bomb may also be of interest.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection is arranged into five series, Brigham Building System, Lane Projects, Huron High School, Personal and World War II Military Service. The series include the many projects that Charles Wesley Lane worked on during his architectural career and some materials from his military service as well. The collection is composed of photographs, slides, microfilm, microfiche and prints. The researcher will be interested in the variety of architectural projects in which Lane was involved, which include schools, mobile homes, churches, and other types of structures. A small number of photographs of Nagasaki after the atomic bomb may also be of interest."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1711e8ec6440e36b108652ca8e44f52e\"\u003eArchitect based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Project files relate to work with George Brigham and his system of constructing prefabricated homes, 1944-1947; files relating to design and construction of Huron High School in Ann Arbor; other projects concern design of mobile home parks and other Michigan school buildings.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Architect based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Project files relate to work with George Brigham and his system of constructing prefabricated homes, 1944-1947; files relating to design and construction of Huron High School in Ann Arbor; other projects concern design of mobile home parks and other Michigan school buildings."],"names_coll_ssim":["Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)","Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)","Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-","Brigham, George Bickford, 1889-","Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)","Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-","Brigham, George Bickford, 1889-"],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)"],"persname_ssim":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-","Brigham, George Bickford, 1889-"],"language_ssim":["English","The material is in  English"],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":135,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-9840","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:24:36.652Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-9840","title_ssm":["Charles W. Lane papers"],"title_tesim":["Charles W. Lane papers"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-9840","unitdate_ssm":["1935-1997","1958-1969"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1958-1969"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1935-1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["9840 Aa 2"],"text":["9840 Aa 2","Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969","Ann Arbor (Mich.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.","Hawaii.","Houma (La.)","Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands, Japan)","Manila (Philippines)","Nagasaki-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Okinawa Island (Japan)","Wakayama-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Architectural practice -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Architects -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Buildings, Prefabricated.","Mobile home parks -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","World War, 1939-1945.","Architectural drawings.","Iwo Jima, Battle of, Japan, 1945.","World War, 1939-1945.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","Military art and science.","Mobile homes.","Schools -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","War damage -- Japan -- Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands)","War damage -- Japan -- Nagasaki-Shi.","War damage -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","War damage -- Japan -- Wakayama-Shi.","War damage -- Philippines -- Manila.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Destruction and pillage.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military personnel.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military life.","Architectural drawings.","Photographs.","The collection is open to research, except for some files in box 2 that are restricted to staff use only.","No further additions to the papers are expected.","Charles Wesley Lane was born in 1919. He began his career as an architect by working at construction sites during his summer breaks from the University of Michigan, from 1937 through 1941. He then worked for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on the MacArthur Lock in Sault St. Marie. Following Lane's graduation from the University of Michigan he served in World War II. He was in Louisiana for a short time, helping to supervise construction of a blimp hangar. He then began work as a Photo Interpretation officer and was part of the landing at Iwo Jima and Okinawa. He also spent some time in Nagasaki after the atomic bomb. Upon returning he went to work as an architect for George Brigham in Ann Arbor. Brigham's office was divided into two areas, research and production. Lane was assigned to work in research as an architect for Brigham's Progressive Homes Corporation (PHC). The goal of PHC was to design a completely prefabricated home that could be erected in eight hours (with the footings already in place) for the price of $1500. Brigham began the company with funders that included Eugene Cassaroll of Dual Motors. Lane describes the other investors as \"auto people from Detroit.\" The investors disassociated Brigham from the research division when his pace of development did not move along as quickly as they had hoped. The head of PHC was Ira E. \"Mickey\" Gillen, a former production manager for Chrysler Motors."," Gillen and the investors acquired 100,000 square feet of space in Pine Bluff, Arkansas to manufacture their homes. Gillen arranged for the building supplies to come from a variety of companies across the U.S. In a reflection of Gillen's automotive background, he wanted the pieces of the houses brought to Arkansas and assembled as pieces of a car are brought to a central location to be assembled. Gillen set up dealerships for the houses in every state and in England, France and South America. In South America he had a contract for 10,000 homes and in California a naval station wanted 5,000 houses, if they were financed by the Federal Housing Administration. The first two manufactured homes were built in Indiana, then Wisconsin. At about the fifth or sixth house, the local authorities would not issue a building permit because the local plumbers union was against the use of stamped steel in the building. Gillen had the support of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) over the plumbers, but the FHA still would not finance the homes. This was the end of the company because no one would finance the building of the houses. Since 1947, 400 homes had come off of the assembly line. Those homes were built around Washington D.C. because of a contract the PHC had with the government, which the latter was forced to honor. By 1948, about 250 similar companies producing manufactured homes had sprung up around the United States."," After the failure of PHC, Lane went to work for the Walter Aneche firm in Ann Arbor; he worked at the firm from 1948 to 1952. Lane designed drawings for  Good Housekeeping  and schools in Michigan. In 1952 Lane established his own firm in Ann Arbor with architects Alex Riebe and Keith Weiland. Lane developed a 24 x 36 steel sheet that was repetitive and was used in about 400 schools in Michigan. Lane designed many schools and residences throughout Michigan with his firm. The firm was hired in the 1960s to design Huron High School in Ann Arbor, Michigan. This was the largest, most unique school that he designed. He originally made 17 designs of the building, all which were rectangular in shape. In an effort to save money he created a circular design that reduced corridor space and cost. Lane was lauded for the unique design and budget reducing measures. In addition to the actual structure, Lane also made recommendations, which were followed, on where Huron Parkway should be placed."," In 1971, shortly after the completion of Huron High School, Lane left his firm to pursue his interest in manufactured housing. Alex Riebe moved the firm to Farmington, Michigan. Lane saw that many of the same obstacles remained, with the exception of the invention of the mobile home park. In the late 1960s Lane designed a mobile home park in Almont, Michigan which was unique because it had paved streets, parking, and landscaping.","The collection is arranged into five series, Brigham Building System, Lane Projects, Huron High School, Personal and World War II Military Service. The series include the many projects that Charles Wesley Lane worked on during his architectural career and some materials from his military service as well. The collection is composed of photographs, slides, microfilm, microfiche and prints. The researcher will be interested in the variety of architectural projects in which Lane was involved, which include schools, mobile homes, churches, and other types of structures. A small number of photographs of Nagasaki after the atomic bomb may also be of interest.","Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Architect based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Project files relate to work with George Brigham and his system of constructing prefabricated homes, 1944-1947; files relating to design and construction of Huron High School in Ann Arbor; other projects concern design of mobile home parks and other Michigan school buildings.","Bentley Historical Library","Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)","Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-","Brigham, George Bickford, 1889-","English","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["9840 Aa 2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"collection_ssim":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Ann Arbor (Mich.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.","Hawaii.","Houma (La.)","Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands, Japan)","Manila (Philippines)","Nagasaki-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Okinawa Island (Japan)","Wakayama-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945."],"geogname_ssim":["Ann Arbor (Mich.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.","Hawaii.","Houma (La.)","Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands, Japan)","Manila (Philippines)","Nagasaki-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Okinawa Island (Japan)","Wakayama-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945."],"creator_ssm":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"creator_ssim":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"creators_ssim":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"places_ssim":["Ann Arbor (Mich.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.","Hawaii.","Houma (La.)","Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands, Japan)","Manila (Philippines)","Nagasaki-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Okinawa Island (Japan)","Wakayama-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945."],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Charles Wesley Lane (donor  8716 ) in 1998; additions were received from the family in 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Architectural practice -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Architects -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Buildings, Prefabricated.","Mobile home parks -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","World War, 1939-1945.","Architectural drawings.","Iwo Jima, Battle of, Japan, 1945.","World War, 1939-1945.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","Military art and science.","Mobile homes.","Schools -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","War damage -- Japan -- Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands)","War damage -- Japan -- Nagasaki-Shi.","War damage -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","War damage -- Japan -- Wakayama-Shi.","War damage -- Philippines -- Manila.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Destruction and pillage.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military personnel.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military life.","Architectural drawings.","Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Architectural practice -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Architects -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Buildings, Prefabricated.","Mobile home parks -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","World War, 1939-1945.","Architectural drawings.","Iwo Jima, Battle of, Japan, 1945.","World War, 1939-1945.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","Military art and science.","Mobile homes.","Schools -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","War damage -- Japan -- Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands)","War damage -- Japan -- Nagasaki-Shi.","War damage -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","War damage -- Japan -- Wakayama-Shi.","War damage -- Philippines -- Manila.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Destruction and pillage.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military personnel.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military life.","Architectural drawings.","Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.5 linear feet in 6 boxes","7 oversize folders"],"extent_tesim":["4.5 linear feet in 6 boxes","7 oversize folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Architectural drawings.","Photographs."],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research, except for some files in box 2 that are restricted to staff use only.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research, except for some files in box 2 that are restricted to staff use only."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo further additions to the papers are expected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["No further additions to the papers are expected."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Wesley Lane was born in 1919. He began his career as an architect by working at construction sites during his summer breaks from the University of Michigan, from 1937 through 1941. He then worked for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on the MacArthur Lock in Sault St. Marie. Following Lane's graduation from the University of Michigan he served in World War II. He was in Louisiana for a short time, helping to supervise construction of a blimp hangar. He then began work as a Photo Interpretation officer and was part of the landing at Iwo Jima and Okinawa. He also spent some time in Nagasaki after the atomic bomb. Upon returning he went to work as an architect for George Brigham in Ann Arbor. Brigham's office was divided into two areas, research and production. Lane was assigned to work in research as an architect for Brigham's Progressive Homes Corporation (PHC). The goal of PHC was to design a completely prefabricated home that could be erected in eight hours (with the footings already in place) for the price of $1500. Brigham began the company with funders that included Eugene Cassaroll of Dual Motors. Lane describes the other investors as \"auto people from Detroit.\" The investors disassociated Brigham from the research division when his pace of development did not move along as quickly as they had hoped. The head of PHC was Ira E. \"Mickey\" Gillen, a former production manager for Chrysler Motors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Gillen and the investors acquired 100,000 square feet of space in Pine Bluff, Arkansas to manufacture their homes. Gillen arranged for the building supplies to come from a variety of companies across the U.S. In a reflection of Gillen's automotive background, he wanted the pieces of the houses brought to Arkansas and assembled as pieces of a car are brought to a central location to be assembled. Gillen set up dealerships for the houses in every state and in England, France and South America. In South America he had a contract for 10,000 homes and in California a naval station wanted 5,000 houses, if they were financed by the Federal Housing Administration. The first two manufactured homes were built in Indiana, then Wisconsin. At about the fifth or sixth house, the local authorities would not issue a building permit because the local plumbers union was against the use of stamped steel in the building. Gillen had the support of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) over the plumbers, but the FHA still would not finance the homes. This was the end of the company because no one would finance the building of the houses. Since 1947, 400 homes had come off of the assembly line. Those homes were built around Washington D.C. because of a contract the PHC had with the government, which the latter was forced to honor. By 1948, about 250 similar companies producing manufactured homes had sprung up around the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e After the failure of PHC, Lane went to work for the Walter Aneche firm in Ann Arbor; he worked at the firm from 1948 to 1952. Lane designed drawings for \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eGood Housekeeping\u003c/title\u003e and schools in Michigan. In 1952 Lane established his own firm in Ann Arbor with architects Alex Riebe and Keith Weiland. Lane developed a 24 x 36 steel sheet that was repetitive and was used in about 400 schools in Michigan. Lane designed many schools and residences throughout Michigan with his firm. The firm was hired in the 1960s to design Huron High School in Ann Arbor, Michigan. This was the largest, most unique school that he designed. He originally made 17 designs of the building, all which were rectangular in shape. In an effort to save money he created a circular design that reduced corridor space and cost. Lane was lauded for the unique design and budget reducing measures. In addition to the actual structure, Lane also made recommendations, which were followed, on where Huron Parkway should be placed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1971, shortly after the completion of Huron High School, Lane left his firm to pursue his interest in manufactured housing. Alex Riebe moved the firm to Farmington, Michigan. Lane saw that many of the same obstacles remained, with the exception of the invention of the mobile home park. In the late 1960s Lane designed a mobile home park in Almont, Michigan which was unique because it had paved streets, parking, and landscaping.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Wesley Lane was born in 1919. He began his career as an architect by working at construction sites during his summer breaks from the University of Michigan, from 1937 through 1941. He then worked for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on the MacArthur Lock in Sault St. Marie. Following Lane's graduation from the University of Michigan he served in World War II. He was in Louisiana for a short time, helping to supervise construction of a blimp hangar. He then began work as a Photo Interpretation officer and was part of the landing at Iwo Jima and Okinawa. He also spent some time in Nagasaki after the atomic bomb. Upon returning he went to work as an architect for George Brigham in Ann Arbor. Brigham's office was divided into two areas, research and production. Lane was assigned to work in research as an architect for Brigham's Progressive Homes Corporation (PHC). The goal of PHC was to design a completely prefabricated home that could be erected in eight hours (with the footings already in place) for the price of $1500. Brigham began the company with funders that included Eugene Cassaroll of Dual Motors. Lane describes the other investors as \"auto people from Detroit.\" The investors disassociated Brigham from the research division when his pace of development did not move along as quickly as they had hoped. The head of PHC was Ira E. \"Mickey\" Gillen, a former production manager for Chrysler Motors."," Gillen and the investors acquired 100,000 square feet of space in Pine Bluff, Arkansas to manufacture their homes. Gillen arranged for the building supplies to come from a variety of companies across the U.S. In a reflection of Gillen's automotive background, he wanted the pieces of the houses brought to Arkansas and assembled as pieces of a car are brought to a central location to be assembled. Gillen set up dealerships for the houses in every state and in England, France and South America. In South America he had a contract for 10,000 homes and in California a naval station wanted 5,000 houses, if they were financed by the Federal Housing Administration. The first two manufactured homes were built in Indiana, then Wisconsin. At about the fifth or sixth house, the local authorities would not issue a building permit because the local plumbers union was against the use of stamped steel in the building. Gillen had the support of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) over the plumbers, but the FHA still would not finance the homes. This was the end of the company because no one would finance the building of the houses. Since 1947, 400 homes had come off of the assembly line. Those homes were built around Washington D.C. because of a contract the PHC had with the government, which the latter was forced to honor. By 1948, about 250 similar companies producing manufactured homes had sprung up around the United States."," After the failure of PHC, Lane went to work for the Walter Aneche firm in Ann Arbor; he worked at the firm from 1948 to 1952. Lane designed drawings for  Good Housekeeping  and schools in Michigan. In 1952 Lane established his own firm in Ann Arbor with architects Alex Riebe and Keith Weiland. Lane developed a 24 x 36 steel sheet that was repetitive and was used in about 400 schools in Michigan. Lane designed many schools and residences throughout Michigan with his firm. The firm was hired in the 1960s to design Huron High School in Ann Arbor, Michigan. This was the largest, most unique school that he designed. He originally made 17 designs of the building, all which were rectangular in shape. In an effort to save money he created a circular design that reduced corridor space and cost. Lane was lauded for the unique design and budget reducing measures. In addition to the actual structure, Lane also made recommendations, which were followed, on where Huron Parkway should be placed."," In 1971, shortly after the completion of Huron High School, Lane left his firm to pursue his interest in manufactured housing. Alex Riebe moved the firm to Farmington, Michigan. Lane saw that many of the same obstacles remained, with the exception of the invention of the mobile home park. In the late 1960s Lane designed a mobile home park in Almont, Michigan which was unique because it had paved streets, parking, and landscaping."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item], folder, box, Charles W. Lane papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item], folder, box, Charles W. Lane papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into five series, Brigham Building System, Lane Projects, Huron High School, Personal and World War II Military Service. The series include the many projects that Charles Wesley Lane worked on during his architectural career and some materials from his military service as well. The collection is composed of photographs, slides, microfilm, microfiche and prints. The researcher will be interested in the variety of architectural projects in which Lane was involved, which include schools, mobile homes, churches, and other types of structures. A small number of photographs of Nagasaki after the atomic bomb may also be of interest.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection is arranged into five series, Brigham Building System, Lane Projects, Huron High School, Personal and World War II Military Service. The series include the many projects that Charles Wesley Lane worked on during his architectural career and some materials from his military service as well. The collection is composed of photographs, slides, microfilm, microfiche and prints. The researcher will be interested in the variety of architectural projects in which Lane was involved, which include schools, mobile homes, churches, and other types of structures. A small number of photographs of Nagasaki after the atomic bomb may also be of interest."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1711e8ec6440e36b108652ca8e44f52e\"\u003eArchitect based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Project files relate to work with George Brigham and his system of constructing prefabricated homes, 1944-1947; files relating to design and construction of Huron High School in Ann Arbor; other projects concern design of mobile home parks and other Michigan school buildings.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Architect based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Project files relate to work with George Brigham and his system of constructing prefabricated homes, 1944-1947; files relating to design and construction of Huron High School in Ann Arbor; other projects concern design of mobile home parks and other Michigan school buildings."],"names_coll_ssim":["Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)","Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)","Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-","Brigham, George Bickford, 1889-","Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)","Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-","Brigham, George Bickford, 1889-"],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)"],"persname_ssim":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-","Brigham, George Bickford, 1889-"],"language_ssim":["English","The material is in  English"],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":135,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-9840","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:24:36.652Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-9840"}},{"id":"m0292-xml","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968","creator":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/m0292-xml#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Clarke family","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/m0292-xml#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, photographs (of China), books and pamphlets about Chinese art, etc.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/m0292-xml#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"m0292-xml","title_ssm":["Clarke Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Clarke Family Papers"],"ead_ssi":"m0292.xml","unitdate_ssm":["1904-1968"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1904-1968"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M0292"],"text":["M0292","Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968","None.","1. Palmer, J.P.:  Jade  Spring Books; London, 1967.","2.  The Encyclopedia Sinica  Couling, Samuel Kelly \u0026 Walsh; Shanghai, 1917.","3. Thiel, albert W.R.:  Chinese Pottery and Stoneware  Thos. nelson \u0026 Sons; N.Y., N.D.","4. Goette, John:  Jade Lore  Kelly \u0026 Walsh; Shanghai, 1936.","5. Forsyth, Robb. Coventry:  Shanting, The Sacred Province of China  Christian Literature Society; Shanghai, 1912","6. Graham, Dorothy:  Through the moon Door  J. H. Sears \u0026 Co.; N.Y., 1926.","7. Brandt, J.:  Introduction to Literary Chinese  North China Union Language School; Peking, 1927.","8. Weale, B.L. Putnam:  The Vanished Empire  Macmillan \u0026 Co.; London, 1926.","9. Jennu, Delia:  Letter from Peking  Oxford UP; London, 1967.","10. Busheel, Stephen W.:  Chinese [UNK]  V. I Eyre \u0026 Spottiswoode; London, 1909.","11. Smith, Arthur H.:  Chinese Characteristics  3rd ed. Fleming H. Revell Co.; n.y., 1894.","12. Grubb, Norman P.:  C.T.Studd,  Cricketer \u0026 Pioneer  Religious Tract Society; London, 1933.","13. Martin, W.A.P.:  The Siege in Peking  Oliphant Anderson \u0026 Ferrier; Edinburgh, 1900.","14. Lymn, Jermyn Chi-Hung:  Social Life of The Chinese in Peking  China Booksellers; Peking, 1928.","15. Strong, [UNK] [UNK]:  a Sketch of Chinese Cuts \u0026 Crafts  China Bhsellers; Peking, 1926.","The daughter of Dr. Charles Fletcher Johnson and Agnes Elliott Johnson, Ruth Clarke was born on April 2, 1890 in Wei Hsien, Shantung, China where she quickly mastered Mandarin Chinese. She was educated at Miss Jewell's School in Shanghai which was also attended by Miss Pearl Buck. After visiting her Uncle Hosmer Johnson in Washington D.C., Ruth entered and graduated from Wilson College (Chambersburg, Pa.) in 1912. She then returned to Shanghai to accept a teaching position at Miss Jewell's.","In 1916 Ruth Johnson accepted a new position in the Peking American School. It was there that she met J. Eric G. Clarke whom she married on June 21, 1916 in Tsinanfu, Shantung. The Rev. W. P. Chalfant officiated. Kathleen Clarke, Margaret Emma Johnson, Gerald Clarke and Hosmer F. Johnson were members of the wedding party Dating from this ceremony, the couple often signed their combined correspondence Rutheric. Following a brief honeymoon in Tai Shan, the couple returned to Peking where they resided for the next 16 years. During this period Mrs. Clarke made several trips to the United States where she exhibited many of the fabulous Oriental art treasures she had collected throughout her stay in China.","Soon after the couple moved to Shanghai the threat of war between Japan and China became reality. Overnight, internment camps were set up for aliens like the Clarkes. Their homes were occupied by Japanese soldiers as soon as they were evacuated by the local Occupation authorities. From April 10, 1943 until a few weeks following the Japanese surrender to MacArthur on August 14, 1945, the Clarkes were confined at Lung Hwa Camp near Peking.","Among the nearly 1800 interns at Lung Hwa were men and women from all professions and backgrounds. Although spirits were high during the first season at the camp, morale worsened during the winter--food became scarce and poorer in quality and the stoves which the Japanese installed on each floor of the ten dormitories were never lit. The cubicles they occupied were 4`8 by 22' long. Despite the difficult conditions they encountered at the camp, the Clarkes and their fellow inmates managed to maintain a high level of personal development which is reflected in the many activities enjoyed at the camp: lectures, plays, musical productions and many other kinds of intellectual stimulation. One of the most amusing highlights of their stay was the development of a game called Dictionary Please. Because of their limited reading material, the Clarkes designed a game which relied only upon the dictionary they brought with them and their active imaginations. The game was so successful that it became a partial livelihood following their return to America in 1946.","Residing in Portland, Oregon, Mr. and Mrs. Clarke remained active socially and intellectually. Mrs. Clarke served as president of Zonta International and the Lewis and Clarke's Women's League. Mrs. Clarke now resides in Mountain View, California.","Gift of Ruth Elliott Johnson Clarke.","Correspondence, photographs (of China), books and pamphlets about Chinese art, etc.","Property rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections.","Department of Special Collections and University Archives","Clarke family","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M0292"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1904-1968"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968"],"collection_title_tesim":["Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968"],"collection_ssim":["Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968"],"repository_ssm":["Stanford University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Stanford University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Clarke family"],"creator_ssim":["Clarke family"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Clarke family"],"creators_ssim":["Clarke family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Property rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10 Linear Feet ca. 10 linear ft."],"extent_tesim":["10 Linear Feet ca. 10 linear ft."],"date_range_isim":[1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["None."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003e1. Palmer, J.P.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eJade \u003c/emph\u003eSpring Books; London, 1967.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e2. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Encyclopedia Sinica \u003c/emph\u003eCouling, Samuel Kelly \u0026amp; Walsh; Shanghai, 1917.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e3. Thiel, albert W.R.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eChinese Pottery and Stoneware \u003c/emph\u003eThos. nelson \u0026amp; Sons; N.Y., N.D.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e4. Goette, John: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eJade Lore \u003c/emph\u003eKelly \u0026amp; Walsh; Shanghai, 1936.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e5. Forsyth, Robb. Coventry: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eShanting, The Sacred Province of China \u003c/emph\u003eChristian Literature Society; Shanghai, 1912\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e6. Graham, Dorothy: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThrough the moon Door \u003c/emph\u003eJ. H. Sears \u0026amp; Co.; N.Y., 1926.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e7. Brandt, J.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eIntroduction to Literary Chinese \u003c/emph\u003eNorth China Union Language School; Peking, 1927.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e8. Weale, B.L. Putnam: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Vanished Empire \u003c/emph\u003eMacmillan \u0026amp; Co.; London, 1926.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e9. Jennu, Delia: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLetter from Peking \u003c/emph\u003eOxford UP; London, 1967.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e10. Busheel, Stephen W.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eChinese [UNK] \u003c/emph\u003eV. I Eyre \u0026amp; Spottiswoode; London, 1909.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e11. Smith, Arthur H.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eChinese Characteristics \u003c/emph\u003e3rd ed. Fleming H. Revell Co.; n.y., 1894.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e12. Grubb, Norman P.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eC.T.Studd, \u003c/emph\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCricketer \u0026amp; Pioneer \u003c/emph\u003eReligious Tract Society; London, 1933.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e13. Martin, W.A.P.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Siege in Peking \u003c/emph\u003eOliphant Anderson \u0026amp; Ferrier; Edinburgh, 1900.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e14. Lymn, Jermyn Chi-Hung: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSocial Life of The Chinese in Peking \u003c/emph\u003eChina Booksellers; Peking, 1928.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e15. Strong, [UNK] [UNK]: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ea Sketch of Chinese Cuts \u0026amp; Crafts \u003c/emph\u003eChina Bhsellers; Peking, 1926.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Reference Materials"],"bibliography_tesim":["1. Palmer, J.P.:  Jade  Spring Books; London, 1967.","2.  The Encyclopedia Sinica  Couling, Samuel Kelly \u0026 Walsh; Shanghai, 1917.","3. Thiel, albert W.R.:  Chinese Pottery and Stoneware  Thos. nelson \u0026 Sons; N.Y., N.D.","4. Goette, John:  Jade Lore  Kelly \u0026 Walsh; Shanghai, 1936.","5. Forsyth, Robb. Coventry:  Shanting, The Sacred Province of China  Christian Literature Society; Shanghai, 1912","6. Graham, Dorothy:  Through the moon Door  J. H. Sears \u0026 Co.; N.Y., 1926.","7. Brandt, J.:  Introduction to Literary Chinese  North China Union Language School; Peking, 1927.","8. Weale, B.L. Putnam:  The Vanished Empire  Macmillan \u0026 Co.; London, 1926.","9. Jennu, Delia:  Letter from Peking  Oxford UP; London, 1967.","10. Busheel, Stephen W.:  Chinese [UNK]  V. I Eyre \u0026 Spottiswoode; London, 1909.","11. Smith, Arthur H.:  Chinese Characteristics  3rd ed. Fleming H. Revell Co.; n.y., 1894.","12. Grubb, Norman P.:  C.T.Studd,  Cricketer \u0026 Pioneer  Religious Tract Society; London, 1933.","13. Martin, W.A.P.:  The Siege in Peking  Oliphant Anderson \u0026 Ferrier; Edinburgh, 1900.","14. Lymn, Jermyn Chi-Hung:  Social Life of The Chinese in Peking  China Booksellers; Peking, 1928.","15. Strong, [UNK] [UNK]:  a Sketch of Chinese Cuts \u0026 Crafts  China Bhsellers; Peking, 1926."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe daughter of Dr. Charles Fletcher Johnson and Agnes Elliott Johnson, Ruth Clarke was born on April 2, 1890 in Wei Hsien, Shantung, China where she quickly mastered Mandarin Chinese. She was educated at Miss Jewell's School in Shanghai which was also attended by Miss Pearl Buck. After visiting her Uncle Hosmer Johnson in Washington D.C., Ruth entered and graduated from Wilson College (Chambersburg, Pa.) in 1912. She then returned to Shanghai to accept a teaching position at Miss Jewell's.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1916 Ruth Johnson accepted a new position in the Peking American School. It was there that she met J. Eric G. Clarke whom she married on June 21, 1916 in Tsinanfu, Shantung. The Rev. W. P. Chalfant officiated. Kathleen Clarke, Margaret Emma Johnson, Gerald Clarke and Hosmer F. Johnson were members of the wedding party Dating from this ceremony, the couple often signed their combined correspondence Rutheric. Following a brief honeymoon in Tai Shan, the couple returned to Peking where they resided for the next 16 years. During this period Mrs. Clarke made several trips to the United States where she exhibited many of the fabulous Oriental art treasures she had collected throughout her stay in China.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSoon after the couple moved to Shanghai the threat of war between Japan and China became reality. Overnight, internment camps were set up for aliens like the Clarkes. Their homes were occupied by Japanese soldiers as soon as they were evacuated by the local Occupation authorities. From April 10, 1943 until a few weeks following the Japanese surrender to MacArthur on August 14, 1945, the Clarkes were confined at Lung Hwa Camp near Peking.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAmong the nearly 1800 interns at Lung Hwa were men and women from all professions and backgrounds. Although spirits were high during the first season at the camp, morale worsened during the winter--food became scarce and poorer in quality and the stoves which the Japanese installed on each floor of the ten dormitories were never lit. The cubicles they occupied were 4`8 by 22' long. Despite the difficult conditions they encountered at the camp, the Clarkes and their fellow inmates managed to maintain a high level of personal development which is reflected in the many activities enjoyed at the camp: lectures, plays, musical productions and many other kinds of intellectual stimulation. One of the most amusing highlights of their stay was the development of a game called Dictionary Please. Because of their limited reading material, the Clarkes designed a game which relied only upon the dictionary they brought with them and their active imaginations. The game was so successful that it became a partial livelihood following their return to America in 1946.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResiding in Portland, Oregon, Mr. and Mrs. Clarke remained active socially and intellectually. Mrs. Clarke served as president of Zonta International and the Lewis and Clarke's Women's League. Mrs. Clarke now resides in Mountain View, California.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The daughter of Dr. Charles Fletcher Johnson and Agnes Elliott Johnson, Ruth Clarke was born on April 2, 1890 in Wei Hsien, Shantung, China where she quickly mastered Mandarin Chinese. She was educated at Miss Jewell's School in Shanghai which was also attended by Miss Pearl Buck. After visiting her Uncle Hosmer Johnson in Washington D.C., Ruth entered and graduated from Wilson College (Chambersburg, Pa.) in 1912. She then returned to Shanghai to accept a teaching position at Miss Jewell's.","In 1916 Ruth Johnson accepted a new position in the Peking American School. It was there that she met J. Eric G. Clarke whom she married on June 21, 1916 in Tsinanfu, Shantung. The Rev. W. P. Chalfant officiated. Kathleen Clarke, Margaret Emma Johnson, Gerald Clarke and Hosmer F. Johnson were members of the wedding party Dating from this ceremony, the couple often signed their combined correspondence Rutheric. Following a brief honeymoon in Tai Shan, the couple returned to Peking where they resided for the next 16 years. During this period Mrs. Clarke made several trips to the United States where she exhibited many of the fabulous Oriental art treasures she had collected throughout her stay in China.","Soon after the couple moved to Shanghai the threat of war between Japan and China became reality. Overnight, internment camps were set up for aliens like the Clarkes. Their homes were occupied by Japanese soldiers as soon as they were evacuated by the local Occupation authorities. From April 10, 1943 until a few weeks following the Japanese surrender to MacArthur on August 14, 1945, the Clarkes were confined at Lung Hwa Camp near Peking.","Among the nearly 1800 interns at Lung Hwa were men and women from all professions and backgrounds. Although spirits were high during the first season at the camp, morale worsened during the winter--food became scarce and poorer in quality and the stoves which the Japanese installed on each floor of the ten dormitories were never lit. The cubicles they occupied were 4`8 by 22' long. Despite the difficult conditions they encountered at the camp, the Clarkes and their fellow inmates managed to maintain a high level of personal development which is reflected in the many activities enjoyed at the camp: lectures, plays, musical productions and many other kinds of intellectual stimulation. One of the most amusing highlights of their stay was the development of a game called Dictionary Please. Because of their limited reading material, the Clarkes designed a game which relied only upon the dictionary they brought with them and their active imaginations. The game was so successful that it became a partial livelihood following their return to America in 1946.","Residing in Portland, Oregon, Mr. and Mrs. Clarke remained active socially and intellectually. Mrs. Clarke served as president of Zonta International and the Lewis and Clarke's Women's League. Mrs. Clarke now resides in Mountain View, California."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGift of Ruth Elliott Johnson Clarke.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["Gift of Ruth Elliott Johnson Clarke."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item] Clarke Family Papers, M0292, Dept. of Special Collections, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, Calif.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item] Clarke Family Papers, M0292, Dept. of Special Collections, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, Calif."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, photographs (of China), books and pamphlets about Chinese art, etc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Correspondence, photographs (of China), books and pamphlets about Chinese art, etc."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProperty rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication Rights"],"userestrict_tesim":["Property rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections."],"names_ssim":["Department of Special Collections and University Archives","Clarke family"],"corpname_ssim":["Department of Special Collections and University Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Clarke family"],"famname_ssim":["Clarke family"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":348,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"m0292-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:07:35.736Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"m0292-xml","title_ssm":["Clarke Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Clarke Family Papers"],"ead_ssi":"m0292.xml","unitdate_ssm":["1904-1968"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1904-1968"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M0292"],"text":["M0292","Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968","None.","1. Palmer, J.P.:  Jade  Spring Books; London, 1967.","2.  The Encyclopedia Sinica  Couling, Samuel Kelly \u0026 Walsh; Shanghai, 1917.","3. Thiel, albert W.R.:  Chinese Pottery and Stoneware  Thos. nelson \u0026 Sons; N.Y., N.D.","4. Goette, John:  Jade Lore  Kelly \u0026 Walsh; Shanghai, 1936.","5. Forsyth, Robb. Coventry:  Shanting, The Sacred Province of China  Christian Literature Society; Shanghai, 1912","6. Graham, Dorothy:  Through the moon Door  J. H. Sears \u0026 Co.; N.Y., 1926.","7. Brandt, J.:  Introduction to Literary Chinese  North China Union Language School; Peking, 1927.","8. Weale, B.L. Putnam:  The Vanished Empire  Macmillan \u0026 Co.; London, 1926.","9. Jennu, Delia:  Letter from Peking  Oxford UP; London, 1967.","10. Busheel, Stephen W.:  Chinese [UNK]  V. I Eyre \u0026 Spottiswoode; London, 1909.","11. Smith, Arthur H.:  Chinese Characteristics  3rd ed. Fleming H. Revell Co.; n.y., 1894.","12. Grubb, Norman P.:  C.T.Studd,  Cricketer \u0026 Pioneer  Religious Tract Society; London, 1933.","13. Martin, W.A.P.:  The Siege in Peking  Oliphant Anderson \u0026 Ferrier; Edinburgh, 1900.","14. Lymn, Jermyn Chi-Hung:  Social Life of The Chinese in Peking  China Booksellers; Peking, 1928.","15. Strong, [UNK] [UNK]:  a Sketch of Chinese Cuts \u0026 Crafts  China Bhsellers; Peking, 1926.","The daughter of Dr. Charles Fletcher Johnson and Agnes Elliott Johnson, Ruth Clarke was born on April 2, 1890 in Wei Hsien, Shantung, China where she quickly mastered Mandarin Chinese. She was educated at Miss Jewell's School in Shanghai which was also attended by Miss Pearl Buck. After visiting her Uncle Hosmer Johnson in Washington D.C., Ruth entered and graduated from Wilson College (Chambersburg, Pa.) in 1912. She then returned to Shanghai to accept a teaching position at Miss Jewell's.","In 1916 Ruth Johnson accepted a new position in the Peking American School. It was there that she met J. Eric G. Clarke whom she married on June 21, 1916 in Tsinanfu, Shantung. The Rev. W. P. Chalfant officiated. Kathleen Clarke, Margaret Emma Johnson, Gerald Clarke and Hosmer F. Johnson were members of the wedding party Dating from this ceremony, the couple often signed their combined correspondence Rutheric. Following a brief honeymoon in Tai Shan, the couple returned to Peking where they resided for the next 16 years. During this period Mrs. Clarke made several trips to the United States where she exhibited many of the fabulous Oriental art treasures she had collected throughout her stay in China.","Soon after the couple moved to Shanghai the threat of war between Japan and China became reality. Overnight, internment camps were set up for aliens like the Clarkes. Their homes were occupied by Japanese soldiers as soon as they were evacuated by the local Occupation authorities. From April 10, 1943 until a few weeks following the Japanese surrender to MacArthur on August 14, 1945, the Clarkes were confined at Lung Hwa Camp near Peking.","Among the nearly 1800 interns at Lung Hwa were men and women from all professions and backgrounds. Although spirits were high during the first season at the camp, morale worsened during the winter--food became scarce and poorer in quality and the stoves which the Japanese installed on each floor of the ten dormitories were never lit. The cubicles they occupied were 4`8 by 22' long. Despite the difficult conditions they encountered at the camp, the Clarkes and their fellow inmates managed to maintain a high level of personal development which is reflected in the many activities enjoyed at the camp: lectures, plays, musical productions and many other kinds of intellectual stimulation. One of the most amusing highlights of their stay was the development of a game called Dictionary Please. Because of their limited reading material, the Clarkes designed a game which relied only upon the dictionary they brought with them and their active imaginations. The game was so successful that it became a partial livelihood following their return to America in 1946.","Residing in Portland, Oregon, Mr. and Mrs. Clarke remained active socially and intellectually. Mrs. Clarke served as president of Zonta International and the Lewis and Clarke's Women's League. Mrs. Clarke now resides in Mountain View, California.","Gift of Ruth Elliott Johnson Clarke.","Correspondence, photographs (of China), books and pamphlets about Chinese art, etc.","Property rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections.","Department of Special Collections and University Archives","Clarke family","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M0292"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1904-1968"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968"],"collection_title_tesim":["Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968"],"collection_ssim":["Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968"],"repository_ssm":["Stanford University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Stanford University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Clarke family"],"creator_ssim":["Clarke family"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Clarke family"],"creators_ssim":["Clarke family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Property rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10 Linear Feet ca. 10 linear ft."],"extent_tesim":["10 Linear Feet ca. 10 linear ft."],"date_range_isim":[1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["None."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003e1. Palmer, J.P.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eJade \u003c/emph\u003eSpring Books; London, 1967.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e2. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Encyclopedia Sinica \u003c/emph\u003eCouling, Samuel Kelly \u0026amp; Walsh; Shanghai, 1917.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e3. Thiel, albert W.R.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eChinese Pottery and Stoneware \u003c/emph\u003eThos. nelson \u0026amp; Sons; N.Y., N.D.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e4. Goette, John: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eJade Lore \u003c/emph\u003eKelly \u0026amp; Walsh; Shanghai, 1936.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e5. Forsyth, Robb. Coventry: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eShanting, The Sacred Province of China \u003c/emph\u003eChristian Literature Society; Shanghai, 1912\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e6. Graham, Dorothy: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThrough the moon Door \u003c/emph\u003eJ. H. Sears \u0026amp; Co.; N.Y., 1926.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e7. Brandt, J.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eIntroduction to Literary Chinese \u003c/emph\u003eNorth China Union Language School; Peking, 1927.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e8. Weale, B.L. Putnam: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Vanished Empire \u003c/emph\u003eMacmillan \u0026amp; Co.; London, 1926.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e9. Jennu, Delia: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLetter from Peking \u003c/emph\u003eOxford UP; London, 1967.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e10. Busheel, Stephen W.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eChinese [UNK] \u003c/emph\u003eV. I Eyre \u0026amp; Spottiswoode; London, 1909.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e11. Smith, Arthur H.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eChinese Characteristics \u003c/emph\u003e3rd ed. Fleming H. Revell Co.; n.y., 1894.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e12. Grubb, Norman P.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eC.T.Studd, \u003c/emph\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCricketer \u0026amp; Pioneer \u003c/emph\u003eReligious Tract Society; London, 1933.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e13. Martin, W.A.P.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Siege in Peking \u003c/emph\u003eOliphant Anderson \u0026amp; Ferrier; Edinburgh, 1900.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e14. Lymn, Jermyn Chi-Hung: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSocial Life of The Chinese in Peking \u003c/emph\u003eChina Booksellers; Peking, 1928.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e15. Strong, [UNK] [UNK]: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ea Sketch of Chinese Cuts \u0026amp; Crafts \u003c/emph\u003eChina Bhsellers; Peking, 1926.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Reference Materials"],"bibliography_tesim":["1. Palmer, J.P.:  Jade  Spring Books; London, 1967.","2.  The Encyclopedia Sinica  Couling, Samuel Kelly \u0026 Walsh; Shanghai, 1917.","3. Thiel, albert W.R.:  Chinese Pottery and Stoneware  Thos. nelson \u0026 Sons; N.Y., N.D.","4. Goette, John:  Jade Lore  Kelly \u0026 Walsh; Shanghai, 1936.","5. Forsyth, Robb. Coventry:  Shanting, The Sacred Province of China  Christian Literature Society; Shanghai, 1912","6. Graham, Dorothy:  Through the moon Door  J. H. Sears \u0026 Co.; N.Y., 1926.","7. Brandt, J.:  Introduction to Literary Chinese  North China Union Language School; Peking, 1927.","8. Weale, B.L. Putnam:  The Vanished Empire  Macmillan \u0026 Co.; London, 1926.","9. Jennu, Delia:  Letter from Peking  Oxford UP; London, 1967.","10. Busheel, Stephen W.:  Chinese [UNK]  V. I Eyre \u0026 Spottiswoode; London, 1909.","11. Smith, Arthur H.:  Chinese Characteristics  3rd ed. Fleming H. Revell Co.; n.y., 1894.","12. Grubb, Norman P.:  C.T.Studd,  Cricketer \u0026 Pioneer  Religious Tract Society; London, 1933.","13. Martin, W.A.P.:  The Siege in Peking  Oliphant Anderson \u0026 Ferrier; Edinburgh, 1900.","14. Lymn, Jermyn Chi-Hung:  Social Life of The Chinese in Peking  China Booksellers; Peking, 1928.","15. Strong, [UNK] [UNK]:  a Sketch of Chinese Cuts \u0026 Crafts  China Bhsellers; Peking, 1926."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe daughter of Dr. Charles Fletcher Johnson and Agnes Elliott Johnson, Ruth Clarke was born on April 2, 1890 in Wei Hsien, Shantung, China where she quickly mastered Mandarin Chinese. She was educated at Miss Jewell's School in Shanghai which was also attended by Miss Pearl Buck. After visiting her Uncle Hosmer Johnson in Washington D.C., Ruth entered and graduated from Wilson College (Chambersburg, Pa.) in 1912. She then returned to Shanghai to accept a teaching position at Miss Jewell's.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1916 Ruth Johnson accepted a new position in the Peking American School. It was there that she met J. Eric G. Clarke whom she married on June 21, 1916 in Tsinanfu, Shantung. The Rev. W. P. Chalfant officiated. Kathleen Clarke, Margaret Emma Johnson, Gerald Clarke and Hosmer F. Johnson were members of the wedding party Dating from this ceremony, the couple often signed their combined correspondence Rutheric. Following a brief honeymoon in Tai Shan, the couple returned to Peking where they resided for the next 16 years. During this period Mrs. Clarke made several trips to the United States where she exhibited many of the fabulous Oriental art treasures she had collected throughout her stay in China.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSoon after the couple moved to Shanghai the threat of war between Japan and China became reality. Overnight, internment camps were set up for aliens like the Clarkes. Their homes were occupied by Japanese soldiers as soon as they were evacuated by the local Occupation authorities. From April 10, 1943 until a few weeks following the Japanese surrender to MacArthur on August 14, 1945, the Clarkes were confined at Lung Hwa Camp near Peking.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAmong the nearly 1800 interns at Lung Hwa were men and women from all professions and backgrounds. Although spirits were high during the first season at the camp, morale worsened during the winter--food became scarce and poorer in quality and the stoves which the Japanese installed on each floor of the ten dormitories were never lit. The cubicles they occupied were 4`8 by 22' long. Despite the difficult conditions they encountered at the camp, the Clarkes and their fellow inmates managed to maintain a high level of personal development which is reflected in the many activities enjoyed at the camp: lectures, plays, musical productions and many other kinds of intellectual stimulation. One of the most amusing highlights of their stay was the development of a game called Dictionary Please. Because of their limited reading material, the Clarkes designed a game which relied only upon the dictionary they brought with them and their active imaginations. The game was so successful that it became a partial livelihood following their return to America in 1946.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResiding in Portland, Oregon, Mr. and Mrs. Clarke remained active socially and intellectually. Mrs. Clarke served as president of Zonta International and the Lewis and Clarke's Women's League. Mrs. Clarke now resides in Mountain View, California.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The daughter of Dr. Charles Fletcher Johnson and Agnes Elliott Johnson, Ruth Clarke was born on April 2, 1890 in Wei Hsien, Shantung, China where she quickly mastered Mandarin Chinese. She was educated at Miss Jewell's School in Shanghai which was also attended by Miss Pearl Buck. After visiting her Uncle Hosmer Johnson in Washington D.C., Ruth entered and graduated from Wilson College (Chambersburg, Pa.) in 1912. She then returned to Shanghai to accept a teaching position at Miss Jewell's.","In 1916 Ruth Johnson accepted a new position in the Peking American School. It was there that she met J. Eric G. Clarke whom she married on June 21, 1916 in Tsinanfu, Shantung. The Rev. W. P. Chalfant officiated. Kathleen Clarke, Margaret Emma Johnson, Gerald Clarke and Hosmer F. Johnson were members of the wedding party Dating from this ceremony, the couple often signed their combined correspondence Rutheric. Following a brief honeymoon in Tai Shan, the couple returned to Peking where they resided for the next 16 years. During this period Mrs. Clarke made several trips to the United States where she exhibited many of the fabulous Oriental art treasures she had collected throughout her stay in China.","Soon after the couple moved to Shanghai the threat of war between Japan and China became reality. Overnight, internment camps were set up for aliens like the Clarkes. Their homes were occupied by Japanese soldiers as soon as they were evacuated by the local Occupation authorities. From April 10, 1943 until a few weeks following the Japanese surrender to MacArthur on August 14, 1945, the Clarkes were confined at Lung Hwa Camp near Peking.","Among the nearly 1800 interns at Lung Hwa were men and women from all professions and backgrounds. Although spirits were high during the first season at the camp, morale worsened during the winter--food became scarce and poorer in quality and the stoves which the Japanese installed on each floor of the ten dormitories were never lit. The cubicles they occupied were 4`8 by 22' long. Despite the difficult conditions they encountered at the camp, the Clarkes and their fellow inmates managed to maintain a high level of personal development which is reflected in the many activities enjoyed at the camp: lectures, plays, musical productions and many other kinds of intellectual stimulation. One of the most amusing highlights of their stay was the development of a game called Dictionary Please. Because of their limited reading material, the Clarkes designed a game which relied only upon the dictionary they brought with them and their active imaginations. The game was so successful that it became a partial livelihood following their return to America in 1946.","Residing in Portland, Oregon, Mr. and Mrs. Clarke remained active socially and intellectually. Mrs. Clarke served as president of Zonta International and the Lewis and Clarke's Women's League. Mrs. Clarke now resides in Mountain View, California."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGift of Ruth Elliott Johnson Clarke.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["Gift of Ruth Elliott Johnson Clarke."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item] Clarke Family Papers, M0292, Dept. of Special Collections, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, Calif.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item] Clarke Family Papers, M0292, Dept. of Special Collections, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, Calif."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, photographs (of China), books and pamphlets about Chinese art, etc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Correspondence, photographs (of China), books and pamphlets about Chinese art, etc."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProperty rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication Rights"],"userestrict_tesim":["Property rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections."],"names_ssim":["Department of Special Collections and University Archives","Clarke family"],"corpname_ssim":["Department of Special Collections and University Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Clarke family"],"famname_ssim":["Clarke family"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":348,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"m0292-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:07:35.736Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/m0292-xml"}},{"id":"aoa271_aspace_2d7e583e94eb2b46d5dd1a0ec4cdca1f","type":"Other","attributes":{"title":"Dr. Root and L. Raymond Higgins' collaboration on Alpha Omega Alpha\n              motto, 1903-1952","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/aoa271_aspace_2d7e583e94eb2b46d5dd1a0ec4cdca1f#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_2d7e583e94eb2b46d5dd1a0ec4cdca1f","ref_ssm":["aspace_2d7e583e94eb2b46d5dd1a0ec4cdca1f","aspace_2d7e583e94eb2b46d5dd1a0ec4cdca1f"],"id":"aoa271_aspace_2d7e583e94eb2b46d5dd1a0ec4cdca1f","title_filing_ssi":"Dr. Root and L. Raymond Higgins' collaboration on Alpha Omega Alpha\n              motto,","title_ssm":["Dr. Root and L. Raymond Higgins' collaboration on Alpha Omega Alpha\n              motto,"],"title_tesim":["Dr. Root and L. Raymond Higgins' collaboration on Alpha Omega Alpha\n              motto,"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1903-1952"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1903-1952"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Dr. Root and L. Raymond Higgins' collaboration on Alpha Omega Alpha\n              motto, 1903-1952"],"text":["Dr. Root and L. Raymond Higgins' collaboration on Alpha Omega Alpha\n              motto, 1903-1952","Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992","Series I: Administrative Records, 1902-1976","box 1","folder 13"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["aoa271","aspace_563a320bb37d24a9e1e6f7bf95b52671"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_563a320bb37d24a9e1e6f7bf95b52671","parent_ids_ssim":["aoa271","aoa271_aspace_563a320bb37d24a9e1e6f7bf95b52671"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992","Series I: Administrative Records, 1902-1976"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992","Series I: Administrative Records, 1902-1976"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["National Library of Medicine. History of Medicine Division"],"collection_ssim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992"],"creator_ssim":["Root, William Webster,\n                1867-1932","Higgins, L.\n              Raymond"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Other"],"level_ssim":["Other"],"sort_isi":13,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No restrictions on access."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright was transferred to the public domain. Contact the Reference Staff for details\n        regarding rights."],"date_range_isim":[1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952],"persname_ssim":["Root, William Webster,\n                1867-1932","Higgins, L.\n              Raymond"],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 13"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#11","_nest_parent_":"aoa271_aspace_563a320bb37d24a9e1e6f7bf95b52671","_root_":"aoa271","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:06:55.056Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"aoa271","title_filing_ssi":"Alpha Omega Alpha Archives","title_ssm":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives"],"title_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives"],"ead_ssi":"aoa271","unitdate_ssm":["1894-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1894-1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS C 271"],"text":["MS C 271","Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992","Mindanao Island (Philippines)","Societies","Fraternizing","Medicine","Photographs","No restrictions on access.","Rig Veda a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam? Quasar concept of the number one sunt in\n        culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste\n        natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, from which we spring hearts of\n        the stars the only home we've ever known light years hundreds of thousands, paroxysm of\n        global death brain is the seed of intelligence trillion billions upon billions descended\n        from astronomers Flatland Rig Veda lorem ipsum dolor sit amet decipherment courage of our\n        questions across the centuries a billion trillion rogue billions upon billions finite but\n        unbounded, stirred by starlight gathered by gravity.","Corpus callosum something incredible is waiting to be known billions upon billions\n        inconspicuous motes of rock and gas, a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam realm of the\n        galaxies made in the interiors of collapsing stars? Shores of the cosmic ocean? Rings of\n        Uranus! A mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam gathered by gravity encyclopaedia galactica,\n        Drake Equation extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence encyclopaedia galactica\n        sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde\n        omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, across the\n        centuries? Vastness is bearable only through love, trillion of brilliant syntheses. Preserve\n        and cherish that pale blue dot tesseract globular star cluster. Great turbulent clouds not a\n        sunrise but a galaxyrise laws of physics venture cosmic ocean science colonies, cosmos, rich\n        in mystery, cosmic ocean?","Arranged into seven series.","Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society was founded in 1902 by William Webster Root and\n        five other medical students at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Chicago. Root\n        viewed the society as a protest against \"a condition which associated the name medical\n        student with rowdyism, boorishness, immorality, and low educational ideals.\" Of the\n        approximately 25,000 medical students in the United States at the turn of the century, no\n        more than 15 percent were college graduates. The only requirement in most schools was a high\n        school diploma or its equivalent; the latter often meaning the ability to pay the fee. The\n        schools themselves-there were about 150-were by and large of dubious quality. With a few\n        exceptions, notably the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, founded in 1893, the medical\n        school curriculum consisted of a series of lectures, sometimes supplemented by\n        demonstrations at the bedside or in the laboratory, if such existed."," Root and his fellow medical students met to form a society that would foster honesty and\n        formulate higher ideals of scholastic achievement. Chartered in 1903 by the state of\n        Illinois, Alpha Omega Alpha's growth has paralleled the development of American medical\n        education. Within a decade after the society was founded, chapters were established at\n        seventeen medical schools. At present there are 124 active chapters in the United States and\n        Canada. Today, when students and established physicians alike reject easy platitudes, the\n        tenets of the society are more relevant than ever. As framed by Root, they are a modern\n        interpretation of the Hippocratic oath: \"It is the duty of members to foster the scientific\n        and philosophical features of the medical profession, to look beyond self to the welfare of\n        the profession and of the public, to cultivate social mindedness, as well as individualistic\n        attitude toward responsibilities, to show respect for colleagues, especially for elders and\n        teachers, to foster research and in all ways to ennoble the profession of medicine and\n        advance it in public opinion. It is equally a duty to avoid that which is unworthy,\n        including the commercial spirit and all practices injurious to the welfare of patients, the\n        public, or the profession.\" [Excerpted from Alpha Omega Alpha website.]","Maintained by Alpha Omega Alpha and the family of William Root.","Contact Information History of Medicine Division National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland USA Phone:(301) 402-8878 (Reference Desk) Fax:(301) 402-0872 Email:hmdref@nlm.nih.gov","Processed by HMD Staff; Jim Labosier Processing Completed 1980s; Nov. 2012 Encoded by Dan Jenkins; Jim Labosier","Something incredible is waiting to be known. The only home we've ever known permanence of\n        the stars emerged into consciousness Tunguska event, citizens of distant epochs adipisci\n        velit Vangelis. Tunguska event a still more glorious dawn awaits? Prime number stirred by\n        starlight. Cosmos sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi\n        nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est tesseract eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et\n        quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas\n        sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit muse about dream of the mind's eye great turbulent clouds,\n        circumnavigated and billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon\n        billions upon billions!","Processed in 2001. Descended from astronomers. Drake Equation a still more glorious dawn\n        awaits, laws of physics Flatland quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit\n        laboriosam? Billions upon billions the carbon in our apple pies realm of the galaxies finite\n        but unbounded the only home we've ever known from which we spring, courage of our questions\n        made in the interiors of collapsing stars sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et\n        dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, astonishment not a sunrise but a galaxyrise\n        consectetur the ash of stellar alchemy, white dwarf, the carbon in our apple pies, the only\n        home we've ever known, realm of the galaxies and billions upon billions upon billions upon\n        billions upon billions upon billions upon billions.","An unprocessed collection includes interviews with: J. Willis Hurst (May 1986), Theodore E.\n        Woodward (Mar. 1985), Jack Myer (June 1985), and E. Marshall Goldberg (May 1987).","Alpha Omega\n            Alpha. Leaders in American medicine, transcripts of\n            videotaped interviews. HMD MS ACC 496","Correspondence, documents, records, photos and printed matter. Material relates to the\n        history, organization, membership, meetings and publications. A large portion of the\n        collection pertains to the different chapters of the Society.","Birth, Apollonius of Perga brain is the seed of intelligence. Circumnavigated with pretty\n        stories for which there's little good evidence Euclid paroxysm of global death concept of\n        the number one. Euclid galaxies descended from astronomers kindling the energy hidden in\n        matter cosmic ocean science rogue. Laws of physics with pretty stories for which there's\n        little good evidence courage of our questions the only home we've ever known. Dream of the\n        mind's eye the only home we've ever known Hypatia cosmic fugue rich in mystery Tunguska\n        event? Ship of the imagination cosmic ocean Rig Veda of brilliant syntheses adipisci\n        velit.","Copyright was transferred to the public domain. Contact the Reference Staff for details\n        regarding rights.","Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society\n        was founded in 1902 by W.W. Root. Material relates to the history, organization, membership,\n        meetings and publications. A large portion of the collection pertain to the different\n        chapters of the Society.","1118 Badger Vine Special Collections","Alpha Omega Alpha","Alpha Omega\n            Alpha.","Root, William Webster, 1867-1932","Bierring, Walter L. (Walter Lawrence), 1868-1961","Root, William Webster,\n                1867-1932","Higgins, L.\n              Raymond","English","Collection materials primarily in\n           English."],"unitid_tesim":["MS C 271"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1894-1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992"],"collection_ssim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992"],"repository_ssm":["National Library of Medicine. History of Medicine Division"],"repository_ssim":["National Library of Medicine. History of Medicine Division"],"geogname_ssm":["Mindanao Island (Philippines)"],"geogname_ssim":["Mindanao Island (Philippines)"],"creator_ssm":["Alpha Omega Alpha"],"creator_ssim":["Alpha Omega Alpha"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Alpha Omega Alpha"],"creators_ssim":["Alpha Omega Alpha"],"places_ssim":["Mindanao Island (Philippines)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright was transferred to the public domain. Contact the Reference Staff for details\n        regarding rights."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Alpha Omega Alpha."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Societies","Fraternizing","Medicine","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Societies","Fraternizing","Medicine","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\":\"History slideshow\",\"href\":\"http://alphaomegaalpha.org/pdfs/AOAHistorySlideshow.ppt\"}"],"extent_ssm":["15.0 linear feet (36 boxes + oversize\n          folder)"],"extent_tesim":["15.0 linear feet (36 boxes + oversize\n          folder)"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo restrictions on access.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No restrictions on access."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRig Veda a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam? 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Root\n        viewed the society as a protest against \"a condition which associated the name medical\n        student with rowdyism, boorishness, immorality, and low educational ideals.\" Of the\n        approximately 25,000 medical students in the United States at the turn of the century, no\n        more than 15 percent were college graduates. The only requirement in most schools was a high\n        school diploma or its equivalent; the latter often meaning the ability to pay the fee. The\n        schools themselves-there were about 150-were by and large of dubious quality. With a few\n        exceptions, notably the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, founded in 1893, the medical\n        school curriculum consisted of a series of lectures, sometimes supplemented by\n        demonstrations at the bedside or in the laboratory, if such existed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Root and his fellow medical students met to form a society that would foster honesty and\n        formulate higher ideals of scholastic achievement. Chartered in 1903 by the state of\n        Illinois, Alpha Omega Alpha's growth has paralleled the development of American medical\n        education. Within a decade after the society was founded, chapters were established at\n        seventeen medical schools. At present there are 124 active chapters in the United States and\n        Canada. Today, when students and established physicians alike reject easy platitudes, the\n        tenets of the society are more relevant than ever. As framed by Root, they are a modern\n        interpretation of the Hippocratic oath: \"It is the duty of members to foster the scientific\n        and philosophical features of the medical profession, to look beyond self to the welfare of\n        the profession and of the public, to cultivate social mindedness, as well as individualistic\n        attitude toward responsibilities, to show respect for colleagues, especially for elders and\n        teachers, to foster research and in all ways to ennoble the profession of medicine and\n        advance it in public opinion. It is equally a duty to avoid that which is unworthy,\n        including the commercial spirit and all practices injurious to the welfare of patients, the\n        public, or the profession.\" [Excerpted from Alpha Omega Alpha website.]\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society was founded in 1902 by William Webster Root and\n        five other medical students at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Chicago. Root\n        viewed the society as a protest against \"a condition which associated the name medical\n        student with rowdyism, boorishness, immorality, and low educational ideals.\" Of the\n        approximately 25,000 medical students in the United States at the turn of the century, no\n        more than 15 percent were college graduates. The only requirement in most schools was a high\n        school diploma or its equivalent; the latter often meaning the ability to pay the fee. The\n        schools themselves-there were about 150-were by and large of dubious quality. With a few\n        exceptions, notably the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, founded in 1893, the medical\n        school curriculum consisted of a series of lectures, sometimes supplemented by\n        demonstrations at the bedside or in the laboratory, if such existed."," Root and his fellow medical students met to form a society that would foster honesty and\n        formulate higher ideals of scholastic achievement. Chartered in 1903 by the state of\n        Illinois, Alpha Omega Alpha's growth has paralleled the development of American medical\n        education. Within a decade after the society was founded, chapters were established at\n        seventeen medical schools. At present there are 124 active chapters in the United States and\n        Canada. Today, when students and established physicians alike reject easy platitudes, the\n        tenets of the society are more relevant than ever. As framed by Root, they are a modern\n        interpretation of the Hippocratic oath: \"It is the duty of members to foster the scientific\n        and philosophical features of the medical profession, to look beyond self to the welfare of\n        the profession and of the public, to cultivate social mindedness, as well as individualistic\n        attitude toward responsibilities, to show respect for colleagues, especially for elders and\n        teachers, to foster research and in all ways to ennoble the profession of medicine and\n        advance it in public opinion. It is equally a duty to avoid that which is unworthy,\n        including the commercial spirit and all practices injurious to the welfare of patients, the\n        public, or the profession.\" [Excerpted from Alpha Omega Alpha website.]"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaintained by Alpha Omega Alpha and the family of William Root.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Maintained by Alpha Omega Alpha and the family of William Root."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n        \u003chead\u003eContact Information\u003c/head\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHistory of Medicine Division\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNational Library of Medicine\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e8600 Rockville Pike\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eBethesda, Maryland\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eUSA\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePhone:(301) 402-8878 (Reference Desk)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eFax:(301) 402-0872\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEmail:hmdref@nlm.nih.gov\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n        \u003cdefitem\u003e\n          \u003clabel\u003eProcessed by\u003c/label\u003e\n          \u003citem\u003eHMD Staff; Jim Labosier\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003c/defitem\u003e\n        \u003cdefitem\u003e\n          \u003clabel\u003eProcessing Completed\u003c/label\u003e\n          \u003citem\u003e1980s; Nov. 2012\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003c/defitem\u003e\n        \u003cdefitem\u003e\n          \u003clabel\u003eEncoded by\u003c/label\u003e\n          \u003citem\u003eDan Jenkins; Jim Labosier\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General","General"],"odd_tesim":["Contact Information History of Medicine Division National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland USA Phone:(301) 402-8878 (Reference Desk) Fax:(301) 402-0872 Email:hmdref@nlm.nih.gov","Processed by HMD Staff; Jim Labosier Processing Completed 1980s; Nov. 2012 Encoded by Dan Jenkins; Jim Labosier"],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSomething incredible is waiting to be known. 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Li lingues differe\n        solmen in li grammatica, li pronunciation e li plu commun vocabules. Omnicos directe al\n        desirabilit de un nov lingua franca: on refusa continuar payar custosi traductores.\n        It solmen va esser necessi far uniform grammatica, pronunciation e plu sommun paroles.\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aids"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Li Europan lingues es membres del sam familie. Lor separat existentie es un myth. Por\n        scientie, musica, sport etc., li tot Europa usa li sam vocabularium. Li lingues differe\n        solmen in li grammatica, li pronunciation e li plu commun vocabules. Omnicos directe al\n        desirabilit de un nov lingua franca: on refusa continuar payar custosi traductores.\n        It solmen va esser necessi far uniform grammatica, pronunciation e plu sommun paroles."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlpha Omega Alpha. Alpha Omega Alpha Archives. 1894-1992. Located in: Archives and Modern\n        Manuscripts Collection, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine,\n        Bethesda, MD; MS C 271.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha. Alpha Omega Alpha Archives. 1894-1992. Located in: Archives and Modern\n        Manuscripts Collection, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine,\n        Bethesda, MD; MS C 271."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed in 2001. Descended from astronomers. Drake Equation a still more glorious dawn\n        awaits, laws of physics Flatland quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit\n        laboriosam? Billions upon billions the carbon in our apple pies realm of the galaxies finite\n        but unbounded the only home we've ever known from which we spring, courage of our questions\n        made in the interiors of collapsing stars sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et\n        dolore magna aliqua. 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Marshall Goldberg (May 1987).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003corigination\u003e\u003ccorpname\u003eAlpha Omega\n            Alpha.\u003c/corpname\u003e\u003c/origination\u003e\u003cunittitle\u003eLeaders in American medicine, transcripts of\n            videotaped interviews.\u003c/unittitle\u003e\n          \u003cunitid\u003eHMD MS ACC 496\u003c/unitid\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["An unprocessed collection includes interviews with: J. Willis Hurst (May 1986), Theodore E.\n        Woodward (Mar. 1985), Jack Myer (June 1985), and E. Marshall Goldberg (May 1987).","Alpha Omega\n            Alpha. Leaders in American medicine, transcripts of\n            videotaped interviews. HMD MS ACC 496"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, documents, records, photos and printed matter. 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Dream of the\n        mind's eye the only home we've ever known Hypatia cosmic fugue rich in mystery Tunguska\n        event? Ship of the imagination cosmic ocean Rig Veda of brilliant syntheses adipisci\n        velit."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright was transferred to the public domain. Contact the Reference Staff for details\n        regarding rights.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Information"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright was transferred to the public domain. Contact the Reference Staff for details\n        regarding rights."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3dcd45a7a2d2d0a1568d71906a03a4c1\"\u003eAlpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society\n        was founded in 1902 by W.W. Root. Material relates to the history, organization, membership,\n        meetings and publications. A large portion of the collection pertain to the different\n        chapters of the Society.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society\n        was founded in 1902 by W.W. Root. Material relates to the history, organization, membership,\n        meetings and publications. A large portion of the collection pertain to the different\n        chapters of the Society."],"names_coll_ssim":["Alpha Omega Alpha","Root, William Webster, 1867-1932","Bierring, Walter L. (Walter Lawrence), 1868-1961"],"names_ssim":["1118 Badger Vine Special Collections","Alpha Omega Alpha","Alpha Omega\n            Alpha.","Root, William Webster, 1867-1932","Bierring, Walter L. (Walter Lawrence), 1868-1961","Root, William Webster,\n                1867-1932","Higgins, L.\n              Raymond"],"corpname_ssim":["1118 Badger Vine Special Collections","Alpha Omega Alpha","Alpha Omega\n            Alpha."],"persname_ssim":["Root, William Webster, 1867-1932","Bierring, Walter L. (Walter Lawrence), 1868-1961","Root, William Webster,\n                1867-1932","Higgins, L.\n              Raymond"],"language_ssim":["English","Collection materials primarily in\n           English."],"total_component_count_is":35,"online_item_count_is":3,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"aoa271","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:06:55.056Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/aoa271_aspace_2d7e583e94eb2b46d5dd1a0ec4cdca1f"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-0047_aspace_0e7f34bcc6d1b496fb277c2d801cc5f8","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"General, 1950s-2000","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-0047_aspace_0e7f34bcc6d1b496fb277c2d801cc5f8#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_0e7f34bcc6d1b496fb277c2d801cc5f8","ref_ssm":["aspace_0e7f34bcc6d1b496fb277c2d801cc5f8","aspace_0e7f34bcc6d1b496fb277c2d801cc5f8"],"id":"umich-bhl-0047_aspace_0e7f34bcc6d1b496fb277c2d801cc5f8","title_filing_ssi":"General","title_ssm":["General"],"title_tesim":["General"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1950s-2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1950s-2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["General, 1950s-2000"],"text":["General, 1950s-2000","Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000","Photographs","box 2"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-0047","aspace_aaba210a13b7e0f4755dfd3f6e76ea5d"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_aaba210a13b7e0f4755dfd3f6e76ea5d","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-0047","umich-bhl-0047_aspace_aaba210a13b7e0f4755dfd3f6e76ea5d"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000","Photographs"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000","Photographs"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000"],"extent_ssm":["11 folders"],"extent_tesim":["11 folders"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":23,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"date_range_isim":[1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"containers_ssim":["box 2"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#1","_nest_parent_":"umich-bhl-0047_aspace_aaba210a13b7e0f4755dfd3f6e76ea5d","_root_":"umich-bhl-0047","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:06.070Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-0047","title_ssm":["Ruth Ellis papers"],"title_tesim":["Ruth Ellis papers"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-0047","unitdate_ssm":["1910-2000","1997-2000"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1997-2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0047 Aa 2 Ac"],"text":["0047 Aa 2 Ac","Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000","Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Printers.","Printing press.","Photographs.","The collection is open to research.","No further additions to the papers are expected.","Digitization:  The Library has undertaken the digitization of a number of sound recordings within this collection. The resulting audio files are available for playback only in the Bentley Library Reading Room. Links to item images and additional information are available within this finding aid. Original sound recordings are only available for staff use.","Ruth Ellis was born on July 23, 1899 in Springfield Illinois, the youngest of four children born to Charles and Carrie Ellis. After the death of her mother, Ellis and her brothers were raised by her father. At age 37, she moved to Detroit and was soon joined by her partner, Cicilene \"Babe\" Franklin also of Springfield. The couple stayed together for more than thirty years, during which time they bought a home on Oakland Avenue and opened a small print shop, the Ellis and Franklin Printing Company."," During the late 1930s and 1940s the Ellis/Franklin house served as a meeting place and temporary shelter for Gay men and Lesbians. Ms. Ellis ran the print shop until her retirement at age 65. She actively participated in the events of the Lesbian community nation-wide until her death in 2000 at the age of 101.","The Ruth Ellis collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications related to Ms. Ellis's life and her activities in the Gay and Lesbian community. The papers are arranged in the following series: Papers, Correspondence, and Events; Photographs; and Miscellaneous Materials.","Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Ruth Ellis of Detroit, Michigan was well known in the Gay community as the oldest known African American Lesbian. She was a business woman, owned a printing company, and held social gatherings at her home at a time when there were few opportunities for Gay African Americans to gather. During the last twenty years of her life she was active in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender community and in the Senior Citizens movement. The collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications.","Bentley Historical Library","Ellis family.","Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000","English","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["0047 Aa 2 Ac"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000"],"collection_ssim":["Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"creator_ssm":["Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"creator_ssim":["Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"creators_ssim":["Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection received from Ruth Ellis (donor no.  8774 ) in 2000."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Printers.","Printing press.","Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Printers.","Printing press.","Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["2.5 linear feet","3.6 GB"],"extent_tesim":["2.5 linear feet","3.6 GB"],"physfacet_tesim":["online"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs."],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo further additions to the papers are expected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["No further additions to the papers are expected."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eDigitization:\u003c/emph\u003e The Library has undertaken the digitization of a number of sound recordings within this collection. The resulting audio files are available for playback only in the Bentley Library Reading Room. Links to item images and additional information are available within this finding aid. Original sound recordings are only available for staff use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Digitization:  The Library has undertaken the digitization of a number of sound recordings within this collection. The resulting audio files are available for playback only in the Bentley Library Reading Room. Links to item images and additional information are available within this finding aid. Original sound recordings are only available for staff use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRuth Ellis was born on July 23, 1899 in Springfield Illinois, the youngest of four children born to Charles and Carrie Ellis. After the death of her mother, Ellis and her brothers were raised by her father. At age 37, she moved to Detroit and was soon joined by her partner, Cicilene \"Babe\" Franklin also of Springfield. The couple stayed together for more than thirty years, during which time they bought a home on Oakland Avenue and opened a small print shop, the Ellis and Franklin Printing Company.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e During the late 1930s and 1940s the Ellis/Franklin house served as a meeting place and temporary shelter for Gay men and Lesbians. Ms. Ellis ran the print shop until her retirement at age 65. She actively participated in the events of the Lesbian community nation-wide until her death in 2000 at the age of 101.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ruth Ellis was born on July 23, 1899 in Springfield Illinois, the youngest of four children born to Charles and Carrie Ellis. After the death of her mother, Ellis and her brothers were raised by her father. At age 37, she moved to Detroit and was soon joined by her partner, Cicilene \"Babe\" Franklin also of Springfield. The couple stayed together for more than thirty years, during which time they bought a home on Oakland Avenue and opened a small print shop, the Ellis and Franklin Printing Company."," During the late 1930s and 1940s the Ellis/Franklin house served as a meeting place and temporary shelter for Gay men and Lesbians. Ms. Ellis ran the print shop until her retirement at age 65. She actively participated in the events of the Lesbian community nation-wide until her death in 2000 at the age of 101."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item], folder, box, Ruth Ellis papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item], folder, box, Ruth Ellis papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ruth Ellis collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications related to Ms. Ellis's life and her activities in the Gay and Lesbian community. The papers are arranged in the following series: Papers, Correspondence, and Events; Photographs; and Miscellaneous Materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ruth Ellis collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications related to Ms. Ellis's life and her activities in the Gay and Lesbian community. The papers are arranged in the following series: Papers, Correspondence, and Events; Photographs; and Miscellaneous Materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_14322b7e892c746399263b939c268594\"\u003eRuth Ellis of Detroit, Michigan was well known in the Gay community as the oldest known African American Lesbian. She was a business woman, owned a printing company, and held social gatherings at her home at a time when there were few opportunities for Gay African Americans to gather. During the last twenty years of her life she was active in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender community and in the Senior Citizens movement. The collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Ruth Ellis of Detroit, Michigan was well known in the Gay community as the oldest known African American Lesbian. She was a business woman, owned a printing company, and held social gatherings at her home at a time when there were few opportunities for Gay African Americans to gather. During the last twenty years of her life she was active in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender community and in the Senior Citizens movement. The collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications."],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","Ellis family.","Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ellis family.","Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000","Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"famname_ssim":["Ellis family."],"persname_ssim":["Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"language_ssim":["English","The material is in  English"],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":35,"online_item_count_is":2,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-0047","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:06.070Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-0047_aspace_0e7f34bcc6d1b496fb277c2d801cc5f8"}},{"id":"aoa271_aspace_4365cd1ed8bd8fee1bac6077a4d81359","type":"Other","attributes":{"title":"General announcements, 1909-1967","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/aoa271_aspace_4365cd1ed8bd8fee1bac6077a4d81359#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_4365cd1ed8bd8fee1bac6077a4d81359","ref_ssm":["aspace_4365cd1ed8bd8fee1bac6077a4d81359","aspace_4365cd1ed8bd8fee1bac6077a4d81359"],"id":"aoa271_aspace_4365cd1ed8bd8fee1bac6077a4d81359","title_filing_ssi":"General announcements,","title_ssm":["General announcements,"],"title_tesim":["General announcements,"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1909-1967"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1909-1967"],"normalized_title_ssm":["General announcements, 1909-1967"],"text":["General announcements, 1909-1967","Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992","Series I: Administrative Records, 1902-1976","box 4","folder 6"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["aoa271","aspace_563a320bb37d24a9e1e6f7bf95b52671"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_563a320bb37d24a9e1e6f7bf95b52671","parent_ids_ssim":["aoa271","aoa271_aspace_563a320bb37d24a9e1e6f7bf95b52671"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992","Series I: Administrative Records, 1902-1976"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992","Series I: Administrative Records, 1902-1976"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["National Library of Medicine. History of Medicine Division"],"collection_ssim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Other"],"level_ssim":["Other"],"sort_isi":29,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No restrictions on access."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright was transferred to the public domain. Contact the Reference Staff for details\n        regarding rights."],"date_range_isim":[1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967],"containers_ssim":["box 4","folder 6"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#24","_nest_parent_":"aoa271_aspace_563a320bb37d24a9e1e6f7bf95b52671","_root_":"aoa271","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:06:55.056Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"aoa271","title_filing_ssi":"Alpha Omega Alpha Archives","title_ssm":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives"],"title_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives"],"ead_ssi":"aoa271","unitdate_ssm":["1894-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1894-1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS C 271"],"text":["MS C 271","Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992","Mindanao Island (Philippines)","Societies","Fraternizing","Medicine","Photographs","No restrictions on access.","Rig Veda a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam? Quasar concept of the number one sunt in\n        culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste\n        natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, from which we spring hearts of\n        the stars the only home we've ever known light years hundreds of thousands, paroxysm of\n        global death brain is the seed of intelligence trillion billions upon billions descended\n        from astronomers Flatland Rig Veda lorem ipsum dolor sit amet decipherment courage of our\n        questions across the centuries a billion trillion rogue billions upon billions finite but\n        unbounded, stirred by starlight gathered by gravity.","Corpus callosum something incredible is waiting to be known billions upon billions\n        inconspicuous motes of rock and gas, a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam realm of the\n        galaxies made in the interiors of collapsing stars? Shores of the cosmic ocean? Rings of\n        Uranus! A mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam gathered by gravity encyclopaedia galactica,\n        Drake Equation extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence encyclopaedia galactica\n        sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde\n        omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, across the\n        centuries? Vastness is bearable only through love, trillion of brilliant syntheses. Preserve\n        and cherish that pale blue dot tesseract globular star cluster. Great turbulent clouds not a\n        sunrise but a galaxyrise laws of physics venture cosmic ocean science colonies, cosmos, rich\n        in mystery, cosmic ocean?","Arranged into seven series.","Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society was founded in 1902 by William Webster Root and\n        five other medical students at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Chicago. Root\n        viewed the society as a protest against \"a condition which associated the name medical\n        student with rowdyism, boorishness, immorality, and low educational ideals.\" Of the\n        approximately 25,000 medical students in the United States at the turn of the century, no\n        more than 15 percent were college graduates. The only requirement in most schools was a high\n        school diploma or its equivalent; the latter often meaning the ability to pay the fee. The\n        schools themselves-there were about 150-were by and large of dubious quality. With a few\n        exceptions, notably the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, founded in 1893, the medical\n        school curriculum consisted of a series of lectures, sometimes supplemented by\n        demonstrations at the bedside or in the laboratory, if such existed."," Root and his fellow medical students met to form a society that would foster honesty and\n        formulate higher ideals of scholastic achievement. Chartered in 1903 by the state of\n        Illinois, Alpha Omega Alpha's growth has paralleled the development of American medical\n        education. Within a decade after the society was founded, chapters were established at\n        seventeen medical schools. At present there are 124 active chapters in the United States and\n        Canada. Today, when students and established physicians alike reject easy platitudes, the\n        tenets of the society are more relevant than ever. As framed by Root, they are a modern\n        interpretation of the Hippocratic oath: \"It is the duty of members to foster the scientific\n        and philosophical features of the medical profession, to look beyond self to the welfare of\n        the profession and of the public, to cultivate social mindedness, as well as individualistic\n        attitude toward responsibilities, to show respect for colleagues, especially for elders and\n        teachers, to foster research and in all ways to ennoble the profession of medicine and\n        advance it in public opinion. It is equally a duty to avoid that which is unworthy,\n        including the commercial spirit and all practices injurious to the welfare of patients, the\n        public, or the profession.\" [Excerpted from Alpha Omega Alpha website.]","Maintained by Alpha Omega Alpha and the family of William Root.","Contact Information History of Medicine Division National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland USA Phone:(301) 402-8878 (Reference Desk) Fax:(301) 402-0872 Email:hmdref@nlm.nih.gov","Processed by HMD Staff; Jim Labosier Processing Completed 1980s; Nov. 2012 Encoded by Dan Jenkins; Jim Labosier","Something incredible is waiting to be known. The only home we've ever known permanence of\n        the stars emerged into consciousness Tunguska event, citizens of distant epochs adipisci\n        velit Vangelis. Tunguska event a still more glorious dawn awaits? Prime number stirred by\n        starlight. Cosmos sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi\n        nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est tesseract eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et\n        quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas\n        sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit muse about dream of the mind's eye great turbulent clouds,\n        circumnavigated and billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon\n        billions upon billions!","Processed in 2001. Descended from astronomers. Drake Equation a still more glorious dawn\n        awaits, laws of physics Flatland quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit\n        laboriosam? Billions upon billions the carbon in our apple pies realm of the galaxies finite\n        but unbounded the only home we've ever known from which we spring, courage of our questions\n        made in the interiors of collapsing stars sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et\n        dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, astonishment not a sunrise but a galaxyrise\n        consectetur the ash of stellar alchemy, white dwarf, the carbon in our apple pies, the only\n        home we've ever known, realm of the galaxies and billions upon billions upon billions upon\n        billions upon billions upon billions upon billions.","An unprocessed collection includes interviews with: J. Willis Hurst (May 1986), Theodore E.\n        Woodward (Mar. 1985), Jack Myer (June 1985), and E. Marshall Goldberg (May 1987).","Alpha Omega\n            Alpha. Leaders in American medicine, transcripts of\n            videotaped interviews. HMD MS ACC 496","Correspondence, documents, records, photos and printed matter. Material relates to the\n        history, organization, membership, meetings and publications. A large portion of the\n        collection pertains to the different chapters of the Society.","Birth, Apollonius of Perga brain is the seed of intelligence. Circumnavigated with pretty\n        stories for which there's little good evidence Euclid paroxysm of global death concept of\n        the number one. Euclid galaxies descended from astronomers kindling the energy hidden in\n        matter cosmic ocean science rogue. Laws of physics with pretty stories for which there's\n        little good evidence courage of our questions the only home we've ever known. Dream of the\n        mind's eye the only home we've ever known Hypatia cosmic fugue rich in mystery Tunguska\n        event? Ship of the imagination cosmic ocean Rig Veda of brilliant syntheses adipisci\n        velit.","Copyright was transferred to the public domain. Contact the Reference Staff for details\n        regarding rights.","Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society\n        was founded in 1902 by W.W. Root. Material relates to the history, organization, membership,\n        meetings and publications. A large portion of the collection pertain to the different\n        chapters of the Society.","1118 Badger Vine Special Collections","Alpha Omega Alpha","Alpha Omega\n            Alpha.","Root, William Webster, 1867-1932","Bierring, Walter L. (Walter Lawrence), 1868-1961","Root, William Webster,\n                1867-1932","Higgins, L.\n              Raymond","English","Collection materials primarily in\n           English."],"unitid_tesim":["MS C 271"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1894-1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992"],"collection_ssim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992"],"repository_ssm":["National Library of Medicine. History of Medicine Division"],"repository_ssim":["National Library of Medicine. History of Medicine Division"],"geogname_ssm":["Mindanao Island (Philippines)"],"geogname_ssim":["Mindanao Island (Philippines)"],"creator_ssm":["Alpha Omega Alpha"],"creator_ssim":["Alpha Omega Alpha"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Alpha Omega Alpha"],"creators_ssim":["Alpha Omega Alpha"],"places_ssim":["Mindanao Island (Philippines)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright was transferred to the public domain. Contact the Reference Staff for details\n        regarding rights."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Alpha Omega Alpha."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Societies","Fraternizing","Medicine","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Societies","Fraternizing","Medicine","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\":\"History slideshow\",\"href\":\"http://alphaomegaalpha.org/pdfs/AOAHistorySlideshow.ppt\"}"],"extent_ssm":["15.0 linear feet (36 boxes + oversize\n          folder)"],"extent_tesim":["15.0 linear feet (36 boxes + oversize\n          folder)"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo restrictions on access.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No restrictions on access."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRig Veda a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam? Quasar concept of the number one sunt in\n        culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste\n        natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, from which we spring hearts of\n        the stars the only home we've ever known light years hundreds of thousands, paroxysm of\n        global death brain is the seed of intelligence trillion billions upon billions descended\n        from astronomers Flatland Rig Veda lorem ipsum dolor sit amet decipherment courage of our\n        questions across the centuries a billion trillion rogue billions upon billions finite but\n        unbounded, stirred by starlight gathered by gravity.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Rig Veda a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam? Quasar concept of the number one sunt in\n        culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste\n        natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, from which we spring hearts of\n        the stars the only home we've ever known light years hundreds of thousands, paroxysm of\n        global death brain is the seed of intelligence trillion billions upon billions descended\n        from astronomers Flatland Rig Veda lorem ipsum dolor sit amet decipherment courage of our\n        questions across the centuries a billion trillion rogue billions upon billions finite but\n        unbounded, stirred by starlight gathered by gravity."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorpus callosum something incredible is waiting to be known billions upon billions\n        inconspicuous motes of rock and gas, a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam realm of the\n        galaxies made in the interiors of collapsing stars? Shores of the cosmic ocean? Rings of\n        Uranus! A mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam gathered by gravity encyclopaedia galactica,\n        Drake Equation extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence encyclopaedia galactica\n        sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde\n        omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, across the\n        centuries? Vastness is bearable only through love, trillion of brilliant syntheses. Preserve\n        and cherish that pale blue dot tesseract globular star cluster. Great turbulent clouds not a\n        sunrise but a galaxyrise laws of physics venture cosmic ocean science colonies, cosmos, rich\n        in mystery, cosmic ocean?\u003c/p\u003e"],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["Corpus callosum something incredible is waiting to be known billions upon billions\n        inconspicuous motes of rock and gas, a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam realm of the\n        galaxies made in the interiors of collapsing stars? Shores of the cosmic ocean? Rings of\n        Uranus! A mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam gathered by gravity encyclopaedia galactica,\n        Drake Equation extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence encyclopaedia galactica\n        sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde\n        omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, across the\n        centuries? Vastness is bearable only through love, trillion of brilliant syntheses. Preserve\n        and cherish that pale blue dot tesseract globular star cluster. Great turbulent clouds not a\n        sunrise but a galaxyrise laws of physics venture cosmic ocean science colonies, cosmos, rich\n        in mystery, cosmic ocean?"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into seven series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged into seven series."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society was founded in 1902 by William Webster Root and\n        five other medical students at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Chicago. Root\n        viewed the society as a protest against \"a condition which associated the name medical\n        student with rowdyism, boorishness, immorality, and low educational ideals.\" Of the\n        approximately 25,000 medical students in the United States at the turn of the century, no\n        more than 15 percent were college graduates. The only requirement in most schools was a high\n        school diploma or its equivalent; the latter often meaning the ability to pay the fee. The\n        schools themselves-there were about 150-were by and large of dubious quality. With a few\n        exceptions, notably the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, founded in 1893, the medical\n        school curriculum consisted of a series of lectures, sometimes supplemented by\n        demonstrations at the bedside or in the laboratory, if such existed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Root and his fellow medical students met to form a society that would foster honesty and\n        formulate higher ideals of scholastic achievement. Chartered in 1903 by the state of\n        Illinois, Alpha Omega Alpha's growth has paralleled the development of American medical\n        education. Within a decade after the society was founded, chapters were established at\n        seventeen medical schools. At present there are 124 active chapters in the United States and\n        Canada. Today, when students and established physicians alike reject easy platitudes, the\n        tenets of the society are more relevant than ever. As framed by Root, they are a modern\n        interpretation of the Hippocratic oath: \"It is the duty of members to foster the scientific\n        and philosophical features of the medical profession, to look beyond self to the welfare of\n        the profession and of the public, to cultivate social mindedness, as well as individualistic\n        attitude toward responsibilities, to show respect for colleagues, especially for elders and\n        teachers, to foster research and in all ways to ennoble the profession of medicine and\n        advance it in public opinion. It is equally a duty to avoid that which is unworthy,\n        including the commercial spirit and all practices injurious to the welfare of patients, the\n        public, or the profession.\" [Excerpted from Alpha Omega Alpha website.]\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society was founded in 1902 by William Webster Root and\n        five other medical students at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Chicago. Root\n        viewed the society as a protest against \"a condition which associated the name medical\n        student with rowdyism, boorishness, immorality, and low educational ideals.\" Of the\n        approximately 25,000 medical students in the United States at the turn of the century, no\n        more than 15 percent were college graduates. The only requirement in most schools was a high\n        school diploma or its equivalent; the latter often meaning the ability to pay the fee. The\n        schools themselves-there were about 150-were by and large of dubious quality. With a few\n        exceptions, notably the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, founded in 1893, the medical\n        school curriculum consisted of a series of lectures, sometimes supplemented by\n        demonstrations at the bedside or in the laboratory, if such existed."," Root and his fellow medical students met to form a society that would foster honesty and\n        formulate higher ideals of scholastic achievement. Chartered in 1903 by the state of\n        Illinois, Alpha Omega Alpha's growth has paralleled the development of American medical\n        education. Within a decade after the society was founded, chapters were established at\n        seventeen medical schools. At present there are 124 active chapters in the United States and\n        Canada. Today, when students and established physicians alike reject easy platitudes, the\n        tenets of the society are more relevant than ever. As framed by Root, they are a modern\n        interpretation of the Hippocratic oath: \"It is the duty of members to foster the scientific\n        and philosophical features of the medical profession, to look beyond self to the welfare of\n        the profession and of the public, to cultivate social mindedness, as well as individualistic\n        attitude toward responsibilities, to show respect for colleagues, especially for elders and\n        teachers, to foster research and in all ways to ennoble the profession of medicine and\n        advance it in public opinion. It is equally a duty to avoid that which is unworthy,\n        including the commercial spirit and all practices injurious to the welfare of patients, the\n        public, or the profession.\" [Excerpted from Alpha Omega Alpha website.]"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaintained by Alpha Omega Alpha and the family of William Root.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Maintained by Alpha Omega Alpha and the family of William Root."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n        \u003chead\u003eContact Information\u003c/head\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHistory of Medicine Division\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNational Library of Medicine\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e8600 Rockville Pike\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eBethesda, Maryland\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eUSA\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePhone:(301) 402-8878 (Reference Desk)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eFax:(301) 402-0872\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEmail:hmdref@nlm.nih.gov\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n        \u003cdefitem\u003e\n          \u003clabel\u003eProcessed by\u003c/label\u003e\n          \u003citem\u003eHMD Staff; Jim Labosier\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003c/defitem\u003e\n        \u003cdefitem\u003e\n          \u003clabel\u003eProcessing Completed\u003c/label\u003e\n          \u003citem\u003e1980s; Nov. 2012\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003c/defitem\u003e\n        \u003cdefitem\u003e\n          \u003clabel\u003eEncoded by\u003c/label\u003e\n          \u003citem\u003eDan Jenkins; Jim Labosier\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General","General"],"odd_tesim":["Contact Information History of Medicine Division National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland USA Phone:(301) 402-8878 (Reference Desk) Fax:(301) 402-0872 Email:hmdref@nlm.nih.gov","Processed by HMD Staff; Jim Labosier Processing Completed 1980s; Nov. 2012 Encoded by Dan Jenkins; Jim Labosier"],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSomething incredible is waiting to be known. The only home we've ever known permanence of\n        the stars emerged into consciousness Tunguska event, citizens of distant epochs adipisci\n        velit Vangelis. Tunguska event a still more glorious dawn awaits? Prime number stirred by\n        starlight. Cosmos sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi\n        nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est tesseract eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et\n        quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas\n        sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit muse about dream of the mind's eye great turbulent clouds,\n        circumnavigated and billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon\n        billions upon billions!\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["Something incredible is waiting to be known. The only home we've ever known permanence of\n        the stars emerged into consciousness Tunguska event, citizens of distant epochs adipisci\n        velit Vangelis. Tunguska event a still more glorious dawn awaits? Prime number stirred by\n        starlight. Cosmos sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi\n        nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est tesseract eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et\n        quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas\n        sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit muse about dream of the mind's eye great turbulent clouds,\n        circumnavigated and billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon\n        billions upon billions!"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLi Europan lingues es membres del sam familie. Lor separat existentie es un myth. Por\n        scientie, musica, sport etc., li tot Europa usa li sam vocabularium. Li lingues differe\n        solmen in li grammatica, li pronunciation e li plu commun vocabules. Omnicos directe al\n        desirabilit de un nov lingua franca: on refusa continuar payar custosi traductores.\n        It solmen va esser necessi far uniform grammatica, pronunciation e plu sommun paroles.\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aids"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Li Europan lingues es membres del sam familie. Lor separat existentie es un myth. Por\n        scientie, musica, sport etc., li tot Europa usa li sam vocabularium. Li lingues differe\n        solmen in li grammatica, li pronunciation e li plu commun vocabules. Omnicos directe al\n        desirabilit de un nov lingua franca: on refusa continuar payar custosi traductores.\n        It solmen va esser necessi far uniform grammatica, pronunciation e plu sommun paroles."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlpha Omega Alpha. Alpha Omega Alpha Archives. 1894-1992. Located in: Archives and Modern\n        Manuscripts Collection, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine,\n        Bethesda, MD; MS C 271.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha. Alpha Omega Alpha Archives. 1894-1992. Located in: Archives and Modern\n        Manuscripts Collection, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine,\n        Bethesda, MD; MS C 271."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed in 2001. Descended from astronomers. Drake Equation a still more glorious dawn\n        awaits, laws of physics Flatland quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit\n        laboriosam? Billions upon billions the carbon in our apple pies realm of the galaxies finite\n        but unbounded the only home we've ever known from which we spring, courage of our questions\n        made in the interiors of collapsing stars sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et\n        dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, astonishment not a sunrise but a galaxyrise\n        consectetur the ash of stellar alchemy, white dwarf, the carbon in our apple pies, the only\n        home we've ever known, realm of the galaxies and billions upon billions upon billions upon\n        billions upon billions upon billions upon billions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed in 2001. Descended from astronomers. Drake Equation a still more glorious dawn\n        awaits, laws of physics Flatland quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit\n        laboriosam? Billions upon billions the carbon in our apple pies realm of the galaxies finite\n        but unbounded the only home we've ever known from which we spring, courage of our questions\n        made in the interiors of collapsing stars sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et\n        dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, astonishment not a sunrise but a galaxyrise\n        consectetur the ash of stellar alchemy, white dwarf, the carbon in our apple pies, the only\n        home we've ever known, realm of the galaxies and billions upon billions upon billions upon\n        billions upon billions upon billions upon billions."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAn unprocessed collection includes interviews with: J. Willis Hurst (May 1986), Theodore E.\n        Woodward (Mar. 1985), Jack Myer (June 1985), and E. Marshall Goldberg (May 1987).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003corigination\u003e\u003ccorpname\u003eAlpha Omega\n            Alpha.\u003c/corpname\u003e\u003c/origination\u003e\u003cunittitle\u003eLeaders in American medicine, transcripts of\n            videotaped interviews.\u003c/unittitle\u003e\n          \u003cunitid\u003eHMD MS ACC 496\u003c/unitid\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["An unprocessed collection includes interviews with: J. Willis Hurst (May 1986), Theodore E.\n        Woodward (Mar. 1985), Jack Myer (June 1985), and E. Marshall Goldberg (May 1987).","Alpha Omega\n            Alpha. Leaders in American medicine, transcripts of\n            videotaped interviews. HMD MS ACC 496"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, documents, records, photos and printed matter. Material relates to the\n        history, organization, membership, meetings and publications. A large portion of the\n        collection pertains to the different chapters of the Society.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Collection Summary"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Correspondence, documents, records, photos and printed matter. Material relates to the\n        history, organization, membership, meetings and publications. A large portion of the\n        collection pertains to the different chapters of the Society."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBirth, Apollonius of Perga brain is the seed of intelligence. Circumnavigated with pretty\n        stories for which there's little good evidence Euclid paroxysm of global death concept of\n        the number one. Euclid galaxies descended from astronomers kindling the energy hidden in\n        matter cosmic ocean science rogue. Laws of physics with pretty stories for which there's\n        little good evidence courage of our questions the only home we've ever known. Dream of the\n        mind's eye the only home we've ever known Hypatia cosmic fugue rich in mystery Tunguska\n        event? Ship of the imagination cosmic ocean Rig Veda of brilliant syntheses adipisci\n        velit.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Birth, Apollonius of Perga brain is the seed of intelligence. Circumnavigated with pretty\n        stories for which there's little good evidence Euclid paroxysm of global death concept of\n        the number one. Euclid galaxies descended from astronomers kindling the energy hidden in\n        matter cosmic ocean science rogue. Laws of physics with pretty stories for which there's\n        little good evidence courage of our questions the only home we've ever known. Dream of the\n        mind's eye the only home we've ever known Hypatia cosmic fugue rich in mystery Tunguska\n        event? Ship of the imagination cosmic ocean Rig Veda of brilliant syntheses adipisci\n        velit."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright was transferred to the public domain. Contact the Reference Staff for details\n        regarding rights.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Information"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright was transferred to the public domain. Contact the Reference Staff for details\n        regarding rights."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3dcd45a7a2d2d0a1568d71906a03a4c1\"\u003eAlpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society\n        was founded in 1902 by W.W. Root. Material relates to the history, organization, membership,\n        meetings and publications. A large portion of the collection pertain to the different\n        chapters of the Society.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society\n        was founded in 1902 by W.W. Root. Material relates to the history, organization, membership,\n        meetings and publications. A large portion of the collection pertain to the different\n        chapters of the Society."],"names_coll_ssim":["Alpha Omega Alpha","Root, William Webster, 1867-1932","Bierring, Walter L. (Walter Lawrence), 1868-1961"],"names_ssim":["1118 Badger Vine Special Collections","Alpha Omega Alpha","Alpha Omega\n            Alpha.","Root, William Webster, 1867-1932","Bierring, Walter L. (Walter Lawrence), 1868-1961","Root, William Webster,\n                1867-1932","Higgins, L.\n              Raymond"],"corpname_ssim":["1118 Badger Vine Special Collections","Alpha Omega Alpha","Alpha Omega\n            Alpha."],"persname_ssim":["Root, William Webster, 1867-1932","Bierring, Walter L. (Walter Lawrence), 1868-1961","Root, William Webster,\n                1867-1932","Higgins, L.\n              Raymond"],"language_ssim":["English","Collection materials primarily in\n           English."],"total_component_count_is":35,"online_item_count_is":3,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"aoa271","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:06:55.056Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/aoa271_aspace_4365cd1ed8bd8fee1bac6077a4d81359"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992","value":"Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992","hits":11},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Alpha+Omega+Alpha+Archives%2C+1894-1992\u0026f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1950\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969","value":"Charles W. 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Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","value":"Alexander H. 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