{"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1991\u0026facet.page=6\u0026page=6","prev":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1991\u0026facet.page=6\u0026page=5","next":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1991\u0026facet.page=6\u0026page=7","last":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1991\u0026facet.page=6\u0026page=7"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":6,"next_page":7,"prev_page":5,"total_pages":7,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":50,"total_count":67,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"umich-bhl-0312_aspace_def1baabbab68f2ba56cbaaa734c730f","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Programs, 1961-2001","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-0312_aspace_def1baabbab68f2ba56cbaaa734c730f#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe series, Programs (.25 linear feet, 1961-2001), contains an incomplete set of performance programs for events at which Sparling performed, or performances of his works by other dancers. 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Equipment needed to view the DVC-Pro digital cassettes in this series is not currently available at the Bentley Library. Contact the reference archivist to arrange for duplication of tapes.","Periodic additions to the records expected.","Peter Sparling is Professor of Dance at the University of Michigan School of Music. Well known as both performer and choreographer, he has danced with Martha Graham and Jose Limon."," Sparling got his first dance training while on a scholarship for violin performance at Interlochen Arts Academy. He added dance to his major and graduated in 1969, and then attended The Juilliard School, receiving his B.F.A. in 1973. While still at Juilliard, Sparling began touring with the Jose Limon Dance Company, traveling to Europe, Russia and Asia. He co-founded Dance Mobile with Janet Eilber, Ange Wolf and Diana Hart, all of whom he met at Interlochen. In 1974, he married another dancer he had met while at Interlochen, Shelley Washington. They divorced after three years."," In 1973, after the death of Jose Limon, Sparling was invited to join the Martha Graham Dance Company. Graham dramatically influenced Sparling's performance and his choreography, and he created and performed his own works during the six years he was with the Graham Company. When he left the company in 1979, he formed Peter Sparling Presents Solo Flight, and then the Peter Sparling Dance Company, as vehicles for his choreography. He continued to dance occasionally with the Graham Company until 1987."," In 1984, after several teaching residencies in such institutions as Barnard College in New York, Florida State University, Cloud Gate Dance Theatre in Taiwan and the Laban Centre for Movement Studies in London, Sparling was hired as Assistant Professor at the University of Michigan Dance Department. He was chair of the Department from 1988 through 1995. In 1984, he co-founded Ann Arbor Dance Works, the University of Michigan's resident dance company. In 1993, Peter founded the Peter Sparling Dance Co. a non-profit organization that continues today. Further information about Sparling's dance company or current work see http://www.dancegalleryfoundation.org.","","The Peter Sparling Papers include materials relating to Sparling's dance training, performance, and teaching. The papers are divided into eight series: Background Materials, Choreography, Correspondence, Dance Companies, Programs, Reviews, Photographs, Performance, Audition, and Rehearsal Videos, and Posters.","Copyright is retained by Peter Sparling. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Peter Sparling is Professor of Dance at the University of Michigan School of Music. Well known as both performer and choreographer, he has danced with Martha Graham and Jose Limon. 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Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials were donated by Peter Sparling (donor no. 8992) beginning in 2001."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Choreographers -- United States.","Dancers -- United States.","Ballet -- United States.","Ballet -- Study and teaching.","Choreography.","Ballet -- United States.","Dancers.","Posters.","Videotapes.","Motion pictures.","Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Choreographers -- United States.","Dancers -- United States.","Ballet -- United States.","Ballet -- Study and teaching.","Choreography.","Ballet -- United States.","Dancers.","Posters.","Videotapes.","Motion pictures.","Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["6 linear feet","89.5 GB"],"extent_tesim":["6 linear feet","89.5 GB"],"physfacet_tesim":["online"],"genreform_ssim":["Posters.","Videotapes.","Motion pictures.","Photographs."],"date_range_isim":[1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Access to some of the online digital files in the Performance, Audition, and Rehearsal Videos series is restricted to viewing the Bentley Library Reading Room and at the University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre and Dance. 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In 1974, he married another dancer he had met while at Interlochen, Shelley Washington. They divorced after three years.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1973, after the death of Jose Limon, Sparling was invited to join the Martha Graham Dance Company. Graham dramatically influenced Sparling's performance and his choreography, and he created and performed his own works during the six years he was with the Graham Company. When he left the company in 1979, he formed Peter Sparling Presents Solo Flight, and then the Peter Sparling Dance Company, as vehicles for his choreography. He continued to dance occasionally with the Graham Company until 1987.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1984, after several teaching residencies in such institutions as Barnard College in New York, Florida State University, Cloud Gate Dance Theatre in Taiwan and the Laban Centre for Movement Studies in London, Sparling was hired as Assistant Professor at the University of Michigan Dance Department. He was chair of the Department from 1988 through 1995. In 1984, he co-founded Ann Arbor Dance Works, the University of Michigan's resident dance company. In 1993, Peter founded the Peter Sparling Dance Co. a non-profit organization that continues today. Further information about Sparling's dance company or current work see http://www.dancegalleryfoundation.org.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Peter Sparling is Professor of Dance at the University of Michigan School of Music. Well known as both performer and choreographer, he has danced with Martha Graham and Jose Limon."," Sparling got his first dance training while on a scholarship for violin performance at Interlochen Arts Academy. He added dance to his major and graduated in 1969, and then attended The Juilliard School, receiving his B.F.A. in 1973. While still at Juilliard, Sparling began touring with the Jose Limon Dance Company, traveling to Europe, Russia and Asia. He co-founded Dance Mobile with Janet Eilber, Ange Wolf and Diana Hart, all of whom he met at Interlochen. In 1974, he married another dancer he had met while at Interlochen, Shelley Washington. They divorced after three years."," In 1973, after the death of Jose Limon, Sparling was invited to join the Martha Graham Dance Company. Graham dramatically influenced Sparling's performance and his choreography, and he created and performed his own works during the six years he was with the Graham Company. When he left the company in 1979, he formed Peter Sparling Presents Solo Flight, and then the Peter Sparling Dance Company, as vehicles for his choreography. He continued to dance occasionally with the Graham Company until 1987."," In 1984, after several teaching residencies in such institutions as Barnard College in New York, Florida State University, Cloud Gate Dance Theatre in Taiwan and the Laban Centre for Movement Studies in London, Sparling was hired as Assistant Professor at the University of Michigan Dance Department. He was chair of the Department from 1988 through 1995. In 1984, he co-founded Ann Arbor Dance Works, the University of Michigan's resident dance company. In 1993, Peter founded the Peter Sparling Dance Co. a non-profit organization that continues today. Further information about Sparling's dance company or current work see http://www.dancegalleryfoundation.org."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item], folder, box, Peter Sparling papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item], folder, box, Peter Sparling papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr actuate=\"onload\" href=\"digitalproc\" show=\"embed\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":[""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Peter Sparling Papers include materials relating to Sparling's dance training, performance, and teaching. The papers are divided into eight series: Background Materials, Choreography, Correspondence, Dance Companies, Programs, Reviews, Photographs, Performance, Audition, and Rehearsal Videos, and Posters.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Peter Sparling Papers include materials relating to Sparling's dance training, performance, and teaching. The papers are divided into eight series: Background Materials, Choreography, Correspondence, Dance Companies, Programs, Reviews, Photographs, Performance, Audition, and Rehearsal Videos, and Posters."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright is retained by Peter Sparling. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright is retained by Peter Sparling. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e7ba80ca0d30560d8aa900af8025f1a9\"\u003ePeter Sparling is Professor of Dance at the University of Michigan School of Music. Well known as both performer and choreographer, he has danced with Martha Graham and Jose Limon. Papers consist of materials relating to Sparling's dance training, performance, and teaching including background materials; choreography notes and sketches; correspondence; clippings and publicity from dance companies with whom he was associated; programs and reviews; photographs, video and film of performances; and posters.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Peter Sparling is Professor of Dance at the University of Michigan School of Music. Well known as both performer and choreographer, he has danced with Martha Graham and Jose Limon. Papers consist of materials relating to Sparling's dance training, performance, and teaching including background materials; choreography notes and sketches; correspondence; clippings and publicity from dance companies with whom he was associated; programs and reviews; photographs, video and film of performances; and posters."],"names_coll_ssim":["University of Michigan. -- Faculty.","University of Michigan. School of Music.","Sparling, Peter, 1951-","Sparling, Peter, 1951-","Sparling, Peter, Performances, 1951-"],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","University of Michigan. -- Faculty.","University of Michigan. School of Music.","Sparling, Peter.","Sparling, Peter, 1951-","Sparling, Peter, Performances, 1951-"],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","University of Michigan. -- Faculty.","University of Michigan. School of Music."],"persname_ssim":["Sparling, Peter.","Sparling, Peter, 1951-","Sparling, Peter, Performances, 1951-"],"language_ssim":["English","The material is in  English"],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":280,"online_item_count_is":24,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-0312","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:20.872Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-0312_aspace_def1baabbab68f2ba56cbaaa734c730f"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-0728_aspace_193d36f34abdbe2c8863110997591966","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Reports, 1979-2003","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-0728_aspace_193d36f34abdbe2c8863110997591966#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Reports series (3.2 linear feet, 1979-2003) consists of reports made by the UCUCA to the University of Michigan Office of the Vice President for Research (OVPR) and federal agencies. Also included are inspection reports of the animal care facilities made by the USDA. The Reports series is an excellent place to find detailed information about the animal care facilities located at the University of Michigan and their functions.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-0728_aspace_193d36f34abdbe2c8863110997591966#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_193d36f34abdbe2c8863110997591966","ref_ssm":["aspace_193d36f34abdbe2c8863110997591966","aspace_193d36f34abdbe2c8863110997591966"],"id":"umich-bhl-0728_aspace_193d36f34abdbe2c8863110997591966","title_filing_ssi":"Reports","title_ssm":["Reports"],"title_tesim":["Reports"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1979-2003"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1979-2003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Reports, 1979-2003"],"text":["Reports, 1979-2003","University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (University of Michigan) records, 1979-2003","The Reports series (3.2 linear feet, 1979-2003) consists of reports made by the UCUCA to the University of Michigan Office of the Vice President for Research (OVPR) and federal agencies. Also included are inspection reports of the animal care facilities made by the USDA. The Reports series is an excellent place to find detailed information about the animal care facilities located at the University of Michigan and their functions."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-0728"],"parent_ssi":"umich-bhl-0728","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-0728"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (University of Michigan) records, 1979-2003"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (University of Michigan) records, 1979-2003"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (University of Michigan) records, 1979-2003"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":4,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":29,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Access to the records is restricted under the Executive Officers records policy."," The University of Michigan. University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals record group includes restricted material in the following categories:","\n      Executive Officers Records -- Boxes 1-9\n    ",""],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"date_range_isim":[1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Reports series (3.2 linear feet, 1979-2003) consists of reports made by the UCUCA to the University of Michigan Office of the Vice President for Research (OVPR) and federal agencies. Also included are inspection reports of the animal care facilities made by the USDA. The Reports series is an excellent place to find detailed information about the animal care facilities located at the University of Michigan and their functions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Reports series (3.2 linear feet, 1979-2003) consists of reports made by the UCUCA to the University of Michigan Office of the Vice President for Research (OVPR) and federal agencies. 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University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals record group includes restricted material in the following categories:","Executive Officers Records -- Boxes 1-9","","Periodic additions to the records are expected.","The University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (UCUCA) was established in 1965 to advise University of Michigan research officials on matters related to the use of animals in research and education. It formed out of the Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine (ULAM) at the Medical School, and was the formal extension of the Animal Care Committee. Combined with the Animal Care Unit, the UCUCA helped to continue the humane treatment of animals regulated by the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act of 1966."," Beginning in 1986, the Committee was required to approve all use of vertebrate animals on campus. Currently, its responsibilities include reviewing applications for the use of animals in research, training, or testing, updating university policies for the treatment of animals, inspecting animal facilities in accordance with these policies, providing training for people working with animals, and advising the Office of the Vice President for Research on matters related to the use of animals in research and education. The Committee also serves to ensure University of Michigan compliance with federal animal welfare regulations through the submittal of reports to the American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC) the Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW), and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).","The University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (UCUCA) records consist of meeting minutes and agendas, annual reports and reports of USDA inspections. The records are divided into two series: Meeting Minutes and Agendas and Reports. Within each series, the records are organized in chronological order and retain the original folders and file headings. The records are focused on the administrative activities of the UCUCA.","Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","The University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (UCUCA) records consist of meeting minutes and agendas, annual reports, and animal facility inspections. The UCUCA works to ensure that all projects using animals at the University of Michigan are conducted in accordance with university guidelines and policies and federal law concerning laboratory animal welfare.","Bentley Historical Library","University of Michigan. University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals.","University of Michigan. -- Research.","University of Michigan. Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine.","English","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["0728 Bimu 2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1979-2003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (University of Michigan) records, 1979-2003"],"collection_title_tesim":["University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (University of Michigan) records, 1979-2003"],"collection_ssim":["University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (University of Michigan) records, 1979-2003"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"creator_ssm":["University of Michigan. University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals."],"creator_ssim":["University of Michigan. University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Michigan. University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals."],"creators_ssim":["University of Michigan. University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals."],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Records were transferred beginning in September 2006 (Donor no.  9789 )."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Animal welfare.","Laboratory animals."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Animal welfare.","Laboratory animals."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.7 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["8.7 linear feet"],"date_range_isim":[1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccess to the records is restricted under the Executive Officers records policy.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The University of Michigan. 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","For commercial permission requests please contact the University Archives."],"date_range_isim":[1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRestricted 60 years from date of creation.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Restricted 60 years from date of creation."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0","_nest_parent_":"pc0170-xml_aspace_ref5_edi","_root_":"pc0170-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:10:03.887Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"pc0170-xml","title_filing_ssi":"Beyers (Robby) Photographs of the Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band","title_ssm":["Robby Beyers photographs of the Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band"],"title_tesim":["Robby Beyers photographs of the Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band"],"ead_ssi":"pc0170.xml","unitdate_ssm":["1970-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1970-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["PC0170"],"text":["PC0170","Robby Beyers photographs of the Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band, 1970-2014","Football.","Football -- California.","College students -- California -- Stanford. 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","For commercial permission requests please contact the  University Archives ."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_175633b80b034beca7afdc0c0c53280b\"\u003eSpecial Collections and University Archives materials are stored offsite and must be paged 36-48 hours in advance. For more information on paging collections, see the department's website: \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://library.stanford.edu/spc\" show=\"new\" title=\"Homepage\"\u003ehttp://library.stanford.edu/spc\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Special Collections and University Archives materials are stored offsite and must be paged 36-48 hours in advance. For more information on paging collections, see the department's website:  http://library.stanford.edu/spc ."],"names_coll_ssim":["Stanford University. 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Equipment needed to view the DVC-Pro digital cassettes in this series is not currently available at the Bentley Library. Contact the reference archivist to arrange for duplication of tapes.","Periodic additions to the records expected.","Peter Sparling is Professor of Dance at the University of Michigan School of Music. Well known as both performer and choreographer, he has danced with Martha Graham and Jose Limon."," Sparling got his first dance training while on a scholarship for violin performance at Interlochen Arts Academy. He added dance to his major and graduated in 1969, and then attended The Juilliard School, receiving his B.F.A. in 1973. While still at Juilliard, Sparling began touring with the Jose Limon Dance Company, traveling to Europe, Russia and Asia. He co-founded Dance Mobile with Janet Eilber, Ange Wolf and Diana Hart, all of whom he met at Interlochen. In 1974, he married another dancer he had met while at Interlochen, Shelley Washington. They divorced after three years."," In 1973, after the death of Jose Limon, Sparling was invited to join the Martha Graham Dance Company. Graham dramatically influenced Sparling's performance and his choreography, and he created and performed his own works during the six years he was with the Graham Company. When he left the company in 1979, he formed Peter Sparling Presents Solo Flight, and then the Peter Sparling Dance Company, as vehicles for his choreography. He continued to dance occasionally with the Graham Company until 1987."," In 1984, after several teaching residencies in such institutions as Barnard College in New York, Florida State University, Cloud Gate Dance Theatre in Taiwan and the Laban Centre for Movement Studies in London, Sparling was hired as Assistant Professor at the University of Michigan Dance Department. He was chair of the Department from 1988 through 1995. In 1984, he co-founded Ann Arbor Dance Works, the University of Michigan's resident dance company. 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Equipment needed to view the DVC-Pro digital cassettes in this series is not currently available at the Bentley Library. Contact the reference archivist to arrange for duplication of tapes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."," Access to some of the online digital files in the Performance, Audition, and Rehearsal Videos series is restricted to viewing the Bentley Library Reading Room and at the University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre and Dance. Equipment needed to view the DVC-Pro digital cassettes in this series is not currently available at the Bentley Library. Contact the reference archivist to arrange for duplication of tapes."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePeriodic additions to the records expected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["Periodic additions to the records expected."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePeter Sparling is Professor of Dance at the University of Michigan School of Music. Well known as both performer and choreographer, he has danced with Martha Graham and Jose Limon.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Sparling got his first dance training while on a scholarship for violin performance at Interlochen Arts Academy. He added dance to his major and graduated in 1969, and then attended The Juilliard School, receiving his B.F.A. in 1973. While still at Juilliard, Sparling began touring with the Jose Limon Dance Company, traveling to Europe, Russia and Asia. He co-founded Dance Mobile with Janet Eilber, Ange Wolf and Diana Hart, all of whom he met at Interlochen. In 1974, he married another dancer he had met while at Interlochen, Shelley Washington. They divorced after three years.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1973, after the death of Jose Limon, Sparling was invited to join the Martha Graham Dance Company. Graham dramatically influenced Sparling's performance and his choreography, and he created and performed his own works during the six years he was with the Graham Company. When he left the company in 1979, he formed Peter Sparling Presents Solo Flight, and then the Peter Sparling Dance Company, as vehicles for his choreography. He continued to dance occasionally with the Graham Company until 1987.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1984, after several teaching residencies in such institutions as Barnard College in New York, Florida State University, Cloud Gate Dance Theatre in Taiwan and the Laban Centre for Movement Studies in London, Sparling was hired as Assistant Professor at the University of Michigan Dance Department. He was chair of the Department from 1988 through 1995. In 1984, he co-founded Ann Arbor Dance Works, the University of Michigan's resident dance company. In 1993, Peter founded the Peter Sparling Dance Co. a non-profit organization that continues today. Further information about Sparling's dance company or current work see http://www.dancegalleryfoundation.org.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Peter Sparling is Professor of Dance at the University of Michigan School of Music. Well known as both performer and choreographer, he has danced with Martha Graham and Jose Limon."," Sparling got his first dance training while on a scholarship for violin performance at Interlochen Arts Academy. He added dance to his major and graduated in 1969, and then attended The Juilliard School, receiving his B.F.A. in 1973. While still at Juilliard, Sparling began touring with the Jose Limon Dance Company, traveling to Europe, Russia and Asia. He co-founded Dance Mobile with Janet Eilber, Ange Wolf and Diana Hart, all of whom he met at Interlochen. In 1974, he married another dancer he had met while at Interlochen, Shelley Washington. They divorced after three years."," In 1973, after the death of Jose Limon, Sparling was invited to join the Martha Graham Dance Company. Graham dramatically influenced Sparling's performance and his choreography, and he created and performed his own works during the six years he was with the Graham Company. When he left the company in 1979, he formed Peter Sparling Presents Solo Flight, and then the Peter Sparling Dance Company, as vehicles for his choreography. He continued to dance occasionally with the Graham Company until 1987."," In 1984, after several teaching residencies in such institutions as Barnard College in New York, Florida State University, Cloud Gate Dance Theatre in Taiwan and the Laban Centre for Movement Studies in London, Sparling was hired as Assistant Professor at the University of Michigan Dance Department. He was chair of the Department from 1988 through 1995. In 1984, he co-founded Ann Arbor Dance Works, the University of Michigan's resident dance company. In 1993, Peter founded the Peter Sparling Dance Co. a non-profit organization that continues today. Further information about Sparling's dance company or current work see http://www.dancegalleryfoundation.org."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item], folder, box, Peter Sparling papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item], folder, box, Peter Sparling papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr actuate=\"onload\" href=\"digitalproc\" show=\"embed\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":[""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Peter Sparling Papers include materials relating to Sparling's dance training, performance, and teaching. The papers are divided into eight series: Background Materials, Choreography, Correspondence, Dance Companies, Programs, Reviews, Photographs, Performance, Audition, and Rehearsal Videos, and Posters.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Peter Sparling Papers include materials relating to Sparling's dance training, performance, and teaching. The papers are divided into eight series: Background Materials, Choreography, Correspondence, Dance Companies, Programs, Reviews, Photographs, Performance, Audition, and Rehearsal Videos, and Posters."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright is retained by Peter Sparling. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright is retained by Peter Sparling. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e7ba80ca0d30560d8aa900af8025f1a9\"\u003ePeter Sparling is Professor of Dance at the University of Michigan School of Music. Well known as both performer and choreographer, he has danced with Martha Graham and Jose Limon. Papers consist of materials relating to Sparling's dance training, performance, and teaching including background materials; choreography notes and sketches; correspondence; clippings and publicity from dance companies with whom he was associated; programs and reviews; photographs, video and film of performances; and posters.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Peter Sparling is Professor of Dance at the University of Michigan School of Music. Well known as both performer and choreographer, he has danced with Martha Graham and Jose Limon. Papers consist of materials relating to Sparling's dance training, performance, and teaching including background materials; choreography notes and sketches; correspondence; clippings and publicity from dance companies with whom he was associated; programs and reviews; photographs, video and film of performances; and posters."],"names_coll_ssim":["University of Michigan. -- Faculty.","University of Michigan. School of Music.","Sparling, Peter, 1951-","Sparling, Peter, 1951-","Sparling, Peter, Performances, 1951-"],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","University of Michigan. -- Faculty.","University of Michigan. School of Music.","Sparling, Peter.","Sparling, Peter, 1951-","Sparling, Peter, Performances, 1951-"],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","University of Michigan. -- Faculty.","University of Michigan. School of Music."],"persname_ssim":["Sparling, Peter.","Sparling, Peter, 1951-","Sparling, Peter, Performances, 1951-"],"language_ssim":["English","The material is in  English"],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":280,"online_item_count_is":24,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-0312","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:20.872Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-0312_aspace_9d84b4ba3de24aaf3404ce7d04dd59f0"}},{"id":"pc0170-xml","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Robby Beyers photographs of the Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band, 1970-2014","creator":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/pc0170-xml#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Beyers, Robby","label":"Creator"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/pc0170-xml#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"pc0170-xml","title_filing_ssi":"Beyers (Robby) Photographs of the Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band","title_ssm":["Robby Beyers photographs of the Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band"],"title_tesim":["Robby Beyers photographs of the Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band"],"ead_ssi":"pc0170.xml","unitdate_ssm":["1970-2014"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1970-2014"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["PC0170"],"text":["PC0170","Robby Beyers photographs of the Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band, 1970-2014","Football.","Football -- California.","College students -- California -- Stanford. ","Marching bands.","College students -- Photograph collections.","Stanford University -- Students.","Slides.","The images, apart from restricted files in Series 2, are open for research use. Restricted images in Series 2 are restricted 60 years from date of creation.","These images are made available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License . You may copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format but must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may not use the images for commercial purposes. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material. ","For commercial permission requests please contact the  University Archives .","Special Collections and University Archives materials are stored offsite and must be paged 36-48 hours in advance. For more information on paging collections, see the department's website:  http://library.stanford.edu/spc .","Department of Special Collections and University Archives","Stanford University. Department of Athletics","Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band","Beyers, Robby","No linguistic content; Not applicable"],"unitid_tesim":["PC0170"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1970-2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robby Beyers photographs of the Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band, 1970-2014"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robby Beyers photographs of the Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band, 1970-2014"],"collection_ssim":["Robby Beyers photographs of the Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band, 1970-2014"],"repository_ssm":["Stanford University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Stanford University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Beyers, Robby"],"creator_ssim":["Beyers, Robby"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Beyers, Robby"],"creators_ssim":["Beyers, Robby"],"access_terms_ssm":["These images are made available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License . You may copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format but must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may not use the images for commercial purposes. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material. ","For commercial permission requests please contact the  University Archives ."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Football.","Football -- California.","College students -- California -- Stanford. ","Marching bands.","College students -- Photograph collections.","Stanford University -- Students.","Slides."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Football.","Football -- California.","College students -- California -- Stanford. ","Marching bands.","College students -- Photograph collections.","Stanford University -- Students.","Slides."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4236247.04 megabyte(s)"],"extent_tesim":["4236247.04 megabyte(s)"],"genreform_ssim":["Slides."],"date_range_isim":[1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe images, apart from restricted files in Series 2, are open for research use. Restricted images in Series 2 are restricted 60 years from date of creation.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access to Collection"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The images, apart from restricted files in Series 2, are open for research use. Restricted images in Series 2 are restricted 60 years from date of creation."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese images are made available under the \u003cextref href=\"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/us/\"\u003eCreative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License\u003c/extref\u003e. You may copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format but must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may not use the images for commercial purposes. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor commercial permission requests please contact the \u003cextref href=\"mailto:universityarchives@stanford.edu\"\u003eUniversity Archives\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication Rights"],"userestrict_tesim":["These images are made available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License . You may copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format but must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may not use the images for commercial purposes. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material. ","For commercial permission requests please contact the  University Archives ."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_175633b80b034beca7afdc0c0c53280b\"\u003eSpecial Collections and University Archives materials are stored offsite and must be paged 36-48 hours in advance. For more information on paging collections, see the department's website: \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://library.stanford.edu/spc\" show=\"new\" title=\"Homepage\"\u003ehttp://library.stanford.edu/spc\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Special Collections and University Archives materials are stored offsite and must be paged 36-48 hours in advance. For more information on paging collections, see the department's website:  http://library.stanford.edu/spc ."],"names_coll_ssim":["Stanford University. Department of Athletics","Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band","Beyers, Robby"],"names_ssim":["Department of Special Collections and University Archives","Stanford University. Department of Athletics","Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band","Beyers, Robby"],"corpname_ssim":["Department of Special Collections and University Archives","Stanford University. 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","Marching bands.","College students -- Photograph collections.","Stanford University -- Students.","Slides.","The images, apart from restricted files in Series 2, are open for research use. Restricted images in Series 2 are restricted 60 years from date of creation.","These images are made available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License . You may copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format but must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may not use the images for commercial purposes. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material. ","For commercial permission requests please contact the  University Archives .","Special Collections and University Archives materials are stored offsite and must be paged 36-48 hours in advance. For more information on paging collections, see the department's website:  http://library.stanford.edu/spc .","Department of Special Collections and University Archives","Stanford University. Department of Athletics","Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band","Beyers, Robby","No linguistic content; Not applicable"],"unitid_tesim":["PC0170"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1970-2014"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Robby Beyers photographs of the Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band, 1970-2014"],"collection_title_tesim":["Robby Beyers photographs of the Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band, 1970-2014"],"collection_ssim":["Robby Beyers photographs of the Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band, 1970-2014"],"repository_ssm":["Stanford University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Stanford University Libraries. 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","Marching bands.","College students -- Photograph collections.","Stanford University -- Students.","Slides."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Football.","Football -- California.","College students -- California -- Stanford. ","Marching bands.","College students -- Photograph collections.","Stanford University -- Students.","Slides."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4236247.04 megabyte(s)"],"extent_tesim":["4236247.04 megabyte(s)"],"genreform_ssim":["Slides."],"date_range_isim":[1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe images, apart from restricted files in Series 2, are open for research use. 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If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material. \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eFor commercial permission requests please contact the \u003cextref href=\"mailto:universityarchives@stanford.edu\"\u003eUniversity Archives\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication Rights"],"userestrict_tesim":["These images are made available under the  Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License . You may copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format but must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may not use the images for commercial purposes. If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material. ","For commercial permission requests please contact the  University Archives ."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_175633b80b034beca7afdc0c0c53280b\"\u003eSpecial Collections and University Archives materials are stored offsite and must be paged 36-48 hours in advance. For more information on paging collections, see the department's website: \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://library.stanford.edu/spc\" show=\"new\" title=\"Homepage\"\u003ehttp://library.stanford.edu/spc\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Special Collections and University Archives materials are stored offsite and must be paged 36-48 hours in advance. For more information on paging collections, see the department's website:  http://library.stanford.edu/spc ."],"names_coll_ssim":["Stanford University. Department of Athletics","Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band","Beyers, Robby"],"names_ssim":["Department of Special Collections and University Archives","Stanford University. Department of Athletics","Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band","Beyers, Robby"],"corpname_ssim":["Department of Special Collections and University Archives","Stanford University. Department of Athletics","Leland Stanford Junior University Marching Band"],"persname_ssim":["Beyers, Robby"],"language_ssim":["No linguistic content; Not applicable"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":6,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"pc0170-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:10:03.887Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/pc0170-xml"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-0047","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000","creator":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-0047#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-0047#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Ruth Ellis of Detroit, Michigan was well known in the Gay community as the oldest known African American Lesbian. She was a business woman, owned a printing company, and held social gatherings at her home at a time when there were few opportunities for Gay African Americans to gather. During the last twenty years of her life she was active in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender community and in the Senior Citizens movement. The collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-0047#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"umich-bhl-0047","title_ssm":["Ruth Ellis papers"],"title_tesim":["Ruth Ellis papers"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-0047","unitdate_ssm":["1910-2000","1997-2000"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1997-2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0047 Aa 2 Ac"],"text":["0047 Aa 2 Ac","Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000","Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Printers.","Printing press.","Photographs.","The collection is open to research.","No further additions to the papers are expected.","Digitization:  The Library has undertaken the digitization of a number of sound recordings within this collection. The resulting audio files are available for playback only in the Bentley Library Reading Room. Links to item images and additional information are available within this finding aid. Original sound recordings are only available for staff use.","Ruth Ellis was born on July 23, 1899 in Springfield Illinois, the youngest of four children born to Charles and Carrie Ellis. After the death of her mother, Ellis and her brothers were raised by her father. At age 37, she moved to Detroit and was soon joined by her partner, Cicilene \"Babe\" Franklin also of Springfield. The couple stayed together for more than thirty years, during which time they bought a home on Oakland Avenue and opened a small print shop, the Ellis and Franklin Printing Company."," During the late 1930s and 1940s the Ellis/Franklin house served as a meeting place and temporary shelter for Gay men and Lesbians. Ms. Ellis ran the print shop until her retirement at age 65. She actively participated in the events of the Lesbian community nation-wide until her death in 2000 at the age of 101.","The Ruth Ellis collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications related to Ms. Ellis's life and her activities in the Gay and Lesbian community. The papers are arranged in the following series: Papers, Correspondence, and Events; Photographs; and Miscellaneous Materials.","Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Ruth Ellis of Detroit, Michigan was well known in the Gay community as the oldest known African American Lesbian. She was a business woman, owned a printing company, and held social gatherings at her home at a time when there were few opportunities for Gay African Americans to gather. During the last twenty years of her life she was active in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender community and in the Senior Citizens movement. The collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications.","Bentley Historical Library","Ellis family.","Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000","English","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["0047 Aa 2 Ac"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000"],"collection_ssim":["Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"creator_ssm":["Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"creator_ssim":["Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"creators_ssim":["Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection received from Ruth Ellis (donor no.  8774 ) in 2000."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Printers.","Printing press.","Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Printers.","Printing press.","Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["2.5 linear feet","3.6 GB"],"extent_tesim":["2.5 linear feet","3.6 GB"],"physfacet_tesim":["online"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs."],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo further additions to the papers are expected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["No further additions to the papers are expected."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eDigitization:\u003c/emph\u003e The Library has undertaken the digitization of a number of sound recordings within this collection. The resulting audio files are available for playback only in the Bentley Library Reading Room. Links to item images and additional information are available within this finding aid. Original sound recordings are only available for staff use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Digitization:  The Library has undertaken the digitization of a number of sound recordings within this collection. The resulting audio files are available for playback only in the Bentley Library Reading Room. Links to item images and additional information are available within this finding aid. Original sound recordings are only available for staff use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRuth Ellis was born on July 23, 1899 in Springfield Illinois, the youngest of four children born to Charles and Carrie Ellis. After the death of her mother, Ellis and her brothers were raised by her father. At age 37, she moved to Detroit and was soon joined by her partner, Cicilene \"Babe\" Franklin also of Springfield. The couple stayed together for more than thirty years, during which time they bought a home on Oakland Avenue and opened a small print shop, the Ellis and Franklin Printing Company.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e During the late 1930s and 1940s the Ellis/Franklin house served as a meeting place and temporary shelter for Gay men and Lesbians. Ms. Ellis ran the print shop until her retirement at age 65. She actively participated in the events of the Lesbian community nation-wide until her death in 2000 at the age of 101.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ruth Ellis was born on July 23, 1899 in Springfield Illinois, the youngest of four children born to Charles and Carrie Ellis. After the death of her mother, Ellis and her brothers were raised by her father. At age 37, she moved to Detroit and was soon joined by her partner, Cicilene \"Babe\" Franklin also of Springfield. The couple stayed together for more than thirty years, during which time they bought a home on Oakland Avenue and opened a small print shop, the Ellis and Franklin Printing Company."," During the late 1930s and 1940s the Ellis/Franklin house served as a meeting place and temporary shelter for Gay men and Lesbians. Ms. Ellis ran the print shop until her retirement at age 65. She actively participated in the events of the Lesbian community nation-wide until her death in 2000 at the age of 101."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item], folder, box, Ruth Ellis papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item], folder, box, Ruth Ellis papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ruth Ellis collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications related to Ms. Ellis's life and her activities in the Gay and Lesbian community. The papers are arranged in the following series: Papers, Correspondence, and Events; Photographs; and Miscellaneous Materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ruth Ellis collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications related to Ms. Ellis's life and her activities in the Gay and Lesbian community. The papers are arranged in the following series: Papers, Correspondence, and Events; Photographs; and Miscellaneous Materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_14322b7e892c746399263b939c268594\"\u003eRuth Ellis of Detroit, Michigan was well known in the Gay community as the oldest known African American Lesbian. She was a business woman, owned a printing company, and held social gatherings at her home at a time when there were few opportunities for Gay African Americans to gather. During the last twenty years of her life she was active in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender community and in the Senior Citizens movement. The collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Ruth Ellis of Detroit, Michigan was well known in the Gay community as the oldest known African American Lesbian. She was a business woman, owned a printing company, and held social gatherings at her home at a time when there were few opportunities for Gay African Americans to gather. During the last twenty years of her life she was active in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender community and in the Senior Citizens movement. The collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications."],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","Ellis family.","Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ellis family.","Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000","Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"famname_ssim":["Ellis family."],"persname_ssim":["Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"language_ssim":["English","The material is in  English"],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":35,"online_item_count_is":2,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-0047","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:06.070Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-0047","title_ssm":["Ruth Ellis papers"],"title_tesim":["Ruth Ellis papers"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-0047","unitdate_ssm":["1910-2000","1997-2000"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1997-2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0047 Aa 2 Ac"],"text":["0047 Aa 2 Ac","Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000","Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Printers.","Printing press.","Photographs.","The collection is open to research.","No further additions to the papers are expected.","Digitization:  The Library has undertaken the digitization of a number of sound recordings within this collection. The resulting audio files are available for playback only in the Bentley Library Reading Room. Links to item images and additional information are available within this finding aid. Original sound recordings are only available for staff use.","Ruth Ellis was born on July 23, 1899 in Springfield Illinois, the youngest of four children born to Charles and Carrie Ellis. After the death of her mother, Ellis and her brothers were raised by her father. At age 37, she moved to Detroit and was soon joined by her partner, Cicilene \"Babe\" Franklin also of Springfield. The couple stayed together for more than thirty years, during which time they bought a home on Oakland Avenue and opened a small print shop, the Ellis and Franklin Printing Company."," During the late 1930s and 1940s the Ellis/Franklin house served as a meeting place and temporary shelter for Gay men and Lesbians. Ms. Ellis ran the print shop until her retirement at age 65. She actively participated in the events of the Lesbian community nation-wide until her death in 2000 at the age of 101.","The Ruth Ellis collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications related to Ms. Ellis's life and her activities in the Gay and Lesbian community. The papers are arranged in the following series: Papers, Correspondence, and Events; Photographs; and Miscellaneous Materials.","Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Ruth Ellis of Detroit, Michigan was well known in the Gay community as the oldest known African American Lesbian. She was a business woman, owned a printing company, and held social gatherings at her home at a time when there were few opportunities for Gay African Americans to gather. During the last twenty years of her life she was active in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender community and in the Senior Citizens movement. The collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications.","Bentley Historical Library","Ellis family.","Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000","English","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["0047 Aa 2 Ac"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000"],"collection_ssim":["Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"creator_ssm":["Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"creator_ssim":["Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"creators_ssim":["Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection received from Ruth Ellis (donor no.  8774 ) in 2000."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Printers.","Printing press.","Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Printers.","Printing press.","Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["2.5 linear feet","3.6 GB"],"extent_tesim":["2.5 linear feet","3.6 GB"],"physfacet_tesim":["online"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs."],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo further additions to the papers are expected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["No further additions to the papers are expected."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eDigitization:\u003c/emph\u003e The Library has undertaken the digitization of a number of sound recordings within this collection. The resulting audio files are available for playback only in the Bentley Library Reading Room. Links to item images and additional information are available within this finding aid. Original sound recordings are only available for staff use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Digitization:  The Library has undertaken the digitization of a number of sound recordings within this collection. The resulting audio files are available for playback only in the Bentley Library Reading Room. Links to item images and additional information are available within this finding aid. Original sound recordings are only available for staff use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRuth Ellis was born on July 23, 1899 in Springfield Illinois, the youngest of four children born to Charles and Carrie Ellis. After the death of her mother, Ellis and her brothers were raised by her father. At age 37, she moved to Detroit and was soon joined by her partner, Cicilene \"Babe\" Franklin also of Springfield. The couple stayed together for more than thirty years, during which time they bought a home on Oakland Avenue and opened a small print shop, the Ellis and Franklin Printing Company.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e During the late 1930s and 1940s the Ellis/Franklin house served as a meeting place and temporary shelter for Gay men and Lesbians. Ms. Ellis ran the print shop until her retirement at age 65. She actively participated in the events of the Lesbian community nation-wide until her death in 2000 at the age of 101.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ruth Ellis was born on July 23, 1899 in Springfield Illinois, the youngest of four children born to Charles and Carrie Ellis. After the death of her mother, Ellis and her brothers were raised by her father. At age 37, she moved to Detroit and was soon joined by her partner, Cicilene \"Babe\" Franklin also of Springfield. The couple stayed together for more than thirty years, during which time they bought a home on Oakland Avenue and opened a small print shop, the Ellis and Franklin Printing Company."," During the late 1930s and 1940s the Ellis/Franklin house served as a meeting place and temporary shelter for Gay men and Lesbians. Ms. Ellis ran the print shop until her retirement at age 65. She actively participated in the events of the Lesbian community nation-wide until her death in 2000 at the age of 101."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item], folder, box, Ruth Ellis papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item], folder, box, Ruth Ellis papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ruth Ellis collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications related to Ms. Ellis's life and her activities in the Gay and Lesbian community. The papers are arranged in the following series: Papers, Correspondence, and Events; Photographs; and Miscellaneous Materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ruth Ellis collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications related to Ms. Ellis's life and her activities in the Gay and Lesbian community. The papers are arranged in the following series: Papers, Correspondence, and Events; Photographs; and Miscellaneous Materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_14322b7e892c746399263b939c268594\"\u003eRuth Ellis of Detroit, Michigan was well known in the Gay community as the oldest known African American Lesbian. She was a business woman, owned a printing company, and held social gatherings at her home at a time when there were few opportunities for Gay African Americans to gather. During the last twenty years of her life she was active in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender community and in the Senior Citizens movement. The collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Ruth Ellis of Detroit, Michigan was well known in the Gay community as the oldest known African American Lesbian. She was a business woman, owned a printing company, and held social gatherings at her home at a time when there were few opportunities for Gay African Americans to gather. During the last twenty years of her life she was active in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender community and in the Senior Citizens movement. The collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications."],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","Ellis family.","Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ellis family.","Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000","Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"famname_ssim":["Ellis family."],"persname_ssim":["Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"language_ssim":["English","The material is in  English"],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":35,"online_item_count_is":2,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-0047","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:06.070Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-0047"}},{"id":"aoa271_aspace_d5765d98e333f83b6278c00e9a81f31f","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series III: Correspondence, 1894-1992","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/aoa271_aspace_d5765d98e333f83b6278c00e9a81f31f#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_d5765d98e333f83b6278c00e9a81f31f","ref_ssm":["aspace_d5765d98e333f83b6278c00e9a81f31f","aspace_d5765d98e333f83b6278c00e9a81f31f"],"id":"aoa271_aspace_d5765d98e333f83b6278c00e9a81f31f","title_filing_ssi":"Series III: Correspondence,","title_ssm":["Series III: Correspondence,"],"title_tesim":["Series III: Correspondence,"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1894-1992"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1894-1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series III: Correspondence, 1894-1992"],"text":["Series III: Correspondence, 1894-1992","Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992","MS C 271.III"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ssim":["aoa271"],"parent_ssi":"aoa271","parent_ids_ssim":["aoa271"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS C 271.III"],"repository_ssim":["National Library of Medicine. History of Medicine Division"],"collection_ssim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":31,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["No restrictions on access."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright was transferred to the public domain. Contact the Reference Staff for details\n        regarding rights."],"date_range_isim":[1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","_nest_parent_":"aoa271","_root_":"aoa271","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:06:55.056Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"aoa271","title_filing_ssi":"Alpha Omega Alpha Archives","title_ssm":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives"],"title_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives"],"ead_ssi":"aoa271","unitdate_ssm":["1894-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1894-1992"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS C 271"],"text":["MS C 271","Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992","Mindanao Island (Philippines)","Societies","Fraternizing","Medicine","Photographs","No restrictions on access.","Rig Veda a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam? Quasar concept of the number one sunt in\n        culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste\n        natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, from which we spring hearts of\n        the stars the only home we've ever known light years hundreds of thousands, paroxysm of\n        global death brain is the seed of intelligence trillion billions upon billions descended\n        from astronomers Flatland Rig Veda lorem ipsum dolor sit amet decipherment courage of our\n        questions across the centuries a billion trillion rogue billions upon billions finite but\n        unbounded, stirred by starlight gathered by gravity.","Corpus callosum something incredible is waiting to be known billions upon billions\n        inconspicuous motes of rock and gas, a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam realm of the\n        galaxies made in the interiors of collapsing stars? Shores of the cosmic ocean? Rings of\n        Uranus! A mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam gathered by gravity encyclopaedia galactica,\n        Drake Equation extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence encyclopaedia galactica\n        sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde\n        omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, across the\n        centuries? Vastness is bearable only through love, trillion of brilliant syntheses. Preserve\n        and cherish that pale blue dot tesseract globular star cluster. Great turbulent clouds not a\n        sunrise but a galaxyrise laws of physics venture cosmic ocean science colonies, cosmos, rich\n        in mystery, cosmic ocean?","Arranged into seven series.","Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society was founded in 1902 by William Webster Root and\n        five other medical students at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Chicago. Root\n        viewed the society as a protest against \"a condition which associated the name medical\n        student with rowdyism, boorishness, immorality, and low educational ideals.\" Of the\n        approximately 25,000 medical students in the United States at the turn of the century, no\n        more than 15 percent were college graduates. The only requirement in most schools was a high\n        school diploma or its equivalent; the latter often meaning the ability to pay the fee. The\n        schools themselves-there were about 150-were by and large of dubious quality. With a few\n        exceptions, notably the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, founded in 1893, the medical\n        school curriculum consisted of a series of lectures, sometimes supplemented by\n        demonstrations at the bedside or in the laboratory, if such existed."," Root and his fellow medical students met to form a society that would foster honesty and\n        formulate higher ideals of scholastic achievement. Chartered in 1903 by the state of\n        Illinois, Alpha Omega Alpha's growth has paralleled the development of American medical\n        education. Within a decade after the society was founded, chapters were established at\n        seventeen medical schools. At present there are 124 active chapters in the United States and\n        Canada. Today, when students and established physicians alike reject easy platitudes, the\n        tenets of the society are more relevant than ever. As framed by Root, they are a modern\n        interpretation of the Hippocratic oath: \"It is the duty of members to foster the scientific\n        and philosophical features of the medical profession, to look beyond self to the welfare of\n        the profession and of the public, to cultivate social mindedness, as well as individualistic\n        attitude toward responsibilities, to show respect for colleagues, especially for elders and\n        teachers, to foster research and in all ways to ennoble the profession of medicine and\n        advance it in public opinion. It is equally a duty to avoid that which is unworthy,\n        including the commercial spirit and all practices injurious to the welfare of patients, the\n        public, or the profession.\" [Excerpted from Alpha Omega Alpha website.]","Maintained by Alpha Omega Alpha and the family of William Root.","Contact Information History of Medicine Division National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland USA Phone:(301) 402-8878 (Reference Desk) Fax:(301) 402-0872 Email:hmdref@nlm.nih.gov","Processed by HMD Staff; Jim Labosier Processing Completed 1980s; Nov. 2012 Encoded by Dan Jenkins; Jim Labosier","Something incredible is waiting to be known. The only home we've ever known permanence of\n        the stars emerged into consciousness Tunguska event, citizens of distant epochs adipisci\n        velit Vangelis. Tunguska event a still more glorious dawn awaits? Prime number stirred by\n        starlight. Cosmos sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi\n        nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est tesseract eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et\n        quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas\n        sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit muse about dream of the mind's eye great turbulent clouds,\n        circumnavigated and billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon\n        billions upon billions!","Processed in 2001. Descended from astronomers. Drake Equation a still more glorious dawn\n        awaits, laws of physics Flatland quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit\n        laboriosam? Billions upon billions the carbon in our apple pies realm of the galaxies finite\n        but unbounded the only home we've ever known from which we spring, courage of our questions\n        made in the interiors of collapsing stars sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et\n        dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, astonishment not a sunrise but a galaxyrise\n        consectetur the ash of stellar alchemy, white dwarf, the carbon in our apple pies, the only\n        home we've ever known, realm of the galaxies and billions upon billions upon billions upon\n        billions upon billions upon billions upon billions.","An unprocessed collection includes interviews with: J. Willis Hurst (May 1986), Theodore E.\n        Woodward (Mar. 1985), Jack Myer (June 1985), and E. Marshall Goldberg (May 1987).","Alpha Omega\n            Alpha. Leaders in American medicine, transcripts of\n            videotaped interviews. HMD MS ACC 496","Correspondence, documents, records, photos and printed matter. Material relates to the\n        history, organization, membership, meetings and publications. A large portion of the\n        collection pertains to the different chapters of the Society.","Birth, Apollonius of Perga brain is the seed of intelligence. Circumnavigated with pretty\n        stories for which there's little good evidence Euclid paroxysm of global death concept of\n        the number one. Euclid galaxies descended from astronomers kindling the energy hidden in\n        matter cosmic ocean science rogue. Laws of physics with pretty stories for which there's\n        little good evidence courage of our questions the only home we've ever known. Dream of the\n        mind's eye the only home we've ever known Hypatia cosmic fugue rich in mystery Tunguska\n        event? Ship of the imagination cosmic ocean Rig Veda of brilliant syntheses adipisci\n        velit.","Copyright was transferred to the public domain. Contact the Reference Staff for details\n        regarding rights.","Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society\n        was founded in 1902 by W.W. Root. Material relates to the history, organization, membership,\n        meetings and publications. A large portion of the collection pertain to the different\n        chapters of the Society.","1118 Badger Vine Special Collections","Alpha Omega Alpha","Alpha Omega\n            Alpha.","Root, William Webster, 1867-1932","Bierring, Walter L. 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Contact the Reference Staff for details\n        regarding rights."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Alpha Omega Alpha."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Societies","Fraternizing","Medicine","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Societies","Fraternizing","Medicine","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\":\"History slideshow\",\"href\":\"http://alphaomegaalpha.org/pdfs/AOAHistorySlideshow.ppt\"}"],"extent_ssm":["15.0 linear feet (36 boxes + oversize\n          folder)"],"extent_tesim":["15.0 linear feet (36 boxes + oversize\n          folder)"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo restrictions on access.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No restrictions on access."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRig Veda a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam? 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Great turbulent clouds not a\n        sunrise but a galaxyrise laws of physics venture cosmic ocean science colonies, cosmos, rich\n        in mystery, cosmic ocean?\u003c/p\u003e"],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["Corpus callosum something incredible is waiting to be known billions upon billions\n        inconspicuous motes of rock and gas, a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam realm of the\n        galaxies made in the interiors of collapsing stars? Shores of the cosmic ocean? Rings of\n        Uranus! A mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam gathered by gravity encyclopaedia galactica,\n        Drake Equation extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence encyclopaedia galactica\n        sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde\n        omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, across the\n        centuries? 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Root\n        viewed the society as a protest against \"a condition which associated the name medical\n        student with rowdyism, boorishness, immorality, and low educational ideals.\" Of the\n        approximately 25,000 medical students in the United States at the turn of the century, no\n        more than 15 percent were college graduates. The only requirement in most schools was a high\n        school diploma or its equivalent; the latter often meaning the ability to pay the fee. The\n        schools themselves-there were about 150-were by and large of dubious quality. With a few\n        exceptions, notably the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, founded in 1893, the medical\n        school curriculum consisted of a series of lectures, sometimes supplemented by\n        demonstrations at the bedside or in the laboratory, if such existed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Root and his fellow medical students met to form a society that would foster honesty and\n        formulate higher ideals of scholastic achievement. Chartered in 1903 by the state of\n        Illinois, Alpha Omega Alpha's growth has paralleled the development of American medical\n        education. Within a decade after the society was founded, chapters were established at\n        seventeen medical schools. At present there are 124 active chapters in the United States and\n        Canada. Today, when students and established physicians alike reject easy platitudes, the\n        tenets of the society are more relevant than ever. As framed by Root, they are a modern\n        interpretation of the Hippocratic oath: \"It is the duty of members to foster the scientific\n        and philosophical features of the medical profession, to look beyond self to the welfare of\n        the profession and of the public, to cultivate social mindedness, as well as individualistic\n        attitude toward responsibilities, to show respect for colleagues, especially for elders and\n        teachers, to foster research and in all ways to ennoble the profession of medicine and\n        advance it in public opinion. It is equally a duty to avoid that which is unworthy,\n        including the commercial spirit and all practices injurious to the welfare of patients, the\n        public, or the profession.\" [Excerpted from Alpha Omega Alpha website.]\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society was founded in 1902 by William Webster Root and\n        five other medical students at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Chicago. Root\n        viewed the society as a protest against \"a condition which associated the name medical\n        student with rowdyism, boorishness, immorality, and low educational ideals.\" Of the\n        approximately 25,000 medical students in the United States at the turn of the century, no\n        more than 15 percent were college graduates. The only requirement in most schools was a high\n        school diploma or its equivalent; the latter often meaning the ability to pay the fee. The\n        schools themselves-there were about 150-were by and large of dubious quality. With a few\n        exceptions, notably the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, founded in 1893, the medical\n        school curriculum consisted of a series of lectures, sometimes supplemented by\n        demonstrations at the bedside or in the laboratory, if such existed."," Root and his fellow medical students met to form a society that would foster honesty and\n        formulate higher ideals of scholastic achievement. Chartered in 1903 by the state of\n        Illinois, Alpha Omega Alpha's growth has paralleled the development of American medical\n        education. Within a decade after the society was founded, chapters were established at\n        seventeen medical schools. At present there are 124 active chapters in the United States and\n        Canada. Today, when students and established physicians alike reject easy platitudes, the\n        tenets of the society are more relevant than ever. As framed by Root, they are a modern\n        interpretation of the Hippocratic oath: \"It is the duty of members to foster the scientific\n        and philosophical features of the medical profession, to look beyond self to the welfare of\n        the profession and of the public, to cultivate social mindedness, as well as individualistic\n        attitude toward responsibilities, to show respect for colleagues, especially for elders and\n        teachers, to foster research and in all ways to ennoble the profession of medicine and\n        advance it in public opinion. It is equally a duty to avoid that which is unworthy,\n        including the commercial spirit and all practices injurious to the welfare of patients, the\n        public, or the profession.\" [Excerpted from Alpha Omega Alpha website.]"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaintained by Alpha Omega Alpha and the family of William Root.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Maintained by Alpha Omega Alpha and the family of William Root."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n        \u003chead\u003eContact Information\u003c/head\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eHistory of Medicine Division\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eNational Library of Medicine\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003e8600 Rockville Pike\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eBethesda, Maryland\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eUSA\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003ePhone:(301) 402-8878 (Reference Desk)\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eFax:(301) 402-0872\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003citem\u003eEmail:hmdref@nlm.nih.gov\u003c/item\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n        \u003cdefitem\u003e\n          \u003clabel\u003eProcessed by\u003c/label\u003e\n          \u003citem\u003eHMD Staff; Jim Labosier\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003c/defitem\u003e\n        \u003cdefitem\u003e\n          \u003clabel\u003eProcessing Completed\u003c/label\u003e\n          \u003citem\u003e1980s; Nov. 2012\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003c/defitem\u003e\n        \u003cdefitem\u003e\n          \u003clabel\u003eEncoded by\u003c/label\u003e\n          \u003citem\u003eDan Jenkins; Jim Labosier\u003c/item\u003e\n        \u003c/defitem\u003e\n      \u003c/list\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General","General"],"odd_tesim":["Contact Information History of Medicine Division National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland USA Phone:(301) 402-8878 (Reference Desk) Fax:(301) 402-0872 Email:hmdref@nlm.nih.gov","Processed by HMD Staff; Jim Labosier Processing Completed 1980s; Nov. 2012 Encoded by Dan Jenkins; Jim Labosier"],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSomething incredible is waiting to be known. 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The only home we've ever known permanence of\n        the stars emerged into consciousness Tunguska event, citizens of distant epochs adipisci\n        velit Vangelis. Tunguska event a still more glorious dawn awaits? Prime number stirred by\n        starlight. Cosmos sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi\n        nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est tesseract eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et\n        quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas\n        sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit muse about dream of the mind's eye great turbulent clouds,\n        circumnavigated and billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon\n        billions upon billions!"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLi Europan lingues es membres del sam familie. Lor separat existentie es un myth. Por\n        scientie, musica, sport etc., li tot Europa usa li sam vocabularium. Li lingues differe\n        solmen in li grammatica, li pronunciation e li plu commun vocabules. Omnicos directe al\n        desirabilit de un nov lingua franca: on refusa continuar payar custosi traductores.\n        It solmen va esser necessi far uniform grammatica, pronunciation e plu sommun paroles.\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aids"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Li Europan lingues es membres del sam familie. Lor separat existentie es un myth. Por\n        scientie, musica, sport etc., li tot Europa usa li sam vocabularium. Li lingues differe\n        solmen in li grammatica, li pronunciation e li plu commun vocabules. Omnicos directe al\n        desirabilit de un nov lingua franca: on refusa continuar payar custosi traductores.\n        It solmen va esser necessi far uniform grammatica, pronunciation e plu sommun paroles."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlpha Omega Alpha. Alpha Omega Alpha Archives. 1894-1992. Located in: Archives and Modern\n        Manuscripts Collection, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine,\n        Bethesda, MD; MS C 271.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha. Alpha Omega Alpha Archives. 1894-1992. Located in: Archives and Modern\n        Manuscripts Collection, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine,\n        Bethesda, MD; MS C 271."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed in 2001. Descended from astronomers. Drake Equation a still more glorious dawn\n        awaits, laws of physics Flatland quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit\n        laboriosam? Billions upon billions the carbon in our apple pies realm of the galaxies finite\n        but unbounded the only home we've ever known from which we spring, courage of our questions\n        made in the interiors of collapsing stars sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et\n        dolore magna aliqua. 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Marshall Goldberg (May 1987).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003corigination\u003e\u003ccorpname\u003eAlpha Omega\n            Alpha.\u003c/corpname\u003e\u003c/origination\u003e\u003cunittitle\u003eLeaders in American medicine, transcripts of\n            videotaped interviews.\u003c/unittitle\u003e\n          \u003cunitid\u003eHMD MS ACC 496\u003c/unitid\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["An unprocessed collection includes interviews with: J. Willis Hurst (May 1986), Theodore E.\n        Woodward (Mar. 1985), Jack Myer (June 1985), and E. Marshall Goldberg (May 1987).","Alpha Omega\n            Alpha. Leaders in American medicine, transcripts of\n            videotaped interviews. HMD MS ACC 496"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, documents, records, photos and printed matter. Material relates to the\n        history, organization, membership, meetings and publications. A large portion of the\n        collection pertains to the different chapters of the Society.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Collection Summary"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Correspondence, documents, records, photos and printed matter. Material relates to the\n        history, organization, membership, meetings and publications. A large portion of the\n        collection pertains to the different chapters of the Society."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBirth, Apollonius of Perga brain is the seed of intelligence. Circumnavigated with pretty\n        stories for which there's little good evidence Euclid paroxysm of global death concept of\n        the number one. Euclid galaxies descended from astronomers kindling the energy hidden in\n        matter cosmic ocean science rogue. Laws of physics with pretty stories for which there's\n        little good evidence courage of our questions the only home we've ever known. Dream of the\n        mind's eye the only home we've ever known Hypatia cosmic fugue rich in mystery Tunguska\n        event? Ship of the imagination cosmic ocean Rig Veda of brilliant syntheses adipisci\n        velit.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Birth, Apollonius of Perga brain is the seed of intelligence. Circumnavigated with pretty\n        stories for which there's little good evidence Euclid paroxysm of global death concept of\n        the number one. Euclid galaxies descended from astronomers kindling the energy hidden in\n        matter cosmic ocean science rogue. Laws of physics with pretty stories for which there's\n        little good evidence courage of our questions the only home we've ever known. Dream of the\n        mind's eye the only home we've ever known Hypatia cosmic fugue rich in mystery Tunguska\n        event? Ship of the imagination cosmic ocean Rig Veda of brilliant syntheses adipisci\n        velit."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright was transferred to the public domain. Contact the Reference Staff for details\n        regarding rights.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Information"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright was transferred to the public domain. Contact the Reference Staff for details\n        regarding rights."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3dcd45a7a2d2d0a1568d71906a03a4c1\"\u003eAlpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society\n        was founded in 1902 by W.W. Root. Material relates to the history, organization, membership,\n        meetings and publications. A large portion of the collection pertain to the different\n        chapters of the Society.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society\n        was founded in 1902 by W.W. Root. Material relates to the history, organization, membership,\n        meetings and publications. A large portion of the collection pertain to the different\n        chapters of the Society."],"names_coll_ssim":["Alpha Omega Alpha","Root, William Webster, 1867-1932","Bierring, Walter L. (Walter Lawrence), 1868-1961"],"names_ssim":["1118 Badger Vine Special Collections","Alpha Omega Alpha","Alpha Omega\n            Alpha.","Root, William Webster, 1867-1932","Bierring, Walter L. (Walter Lawrence), 1868-1961","Root, William Webster,\n                1867-1932","Higgins, L.\n              Raymond"],"corpname_ssim":["1118 Badger Vine Special Collections","Alpha Omega Alpha","Alpha Omega\n            Alpha."],"persname_ssim":["Root, William Webster, 1867-1932","Bierring, Walter L. (Walter Lawrence), 1868-1961","Root, William Webster,\n                1867-1932","Higgins, L.\n              Raymond"],"language_ssim":["English","Collection materials primarily in\n           English."],"total_component_count_is":35,"online_item_count_is":3,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"aoa271","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:06:55.056Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/aoa271_aspace_d5765d98e333f83b6278c00e9a81f31f"}},{"id":"2013C4-xml","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009","creator":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/2013C4-xml#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/2013C4-xml#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and subsequently in Hong Kong.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/2013C4-xml#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"2013C4-xml","title_filing_ssi":"Song Feiqing papers","title_ssm":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers"],"title_tesim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers"],"ead_ssi":"2013C4.xml","unitdate_ssm":["1926-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1926-2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2013C4"],"text":["2013C4","Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009","Business enterprises--China--Hong Kong.","Business enterprises--China.","The collection is open for research.","The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to \n                 copies  of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible.","Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at \n                 http://searchworks.stanford.edu/ . Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid.","Born in 1898, the Chinese businessman Song Feiqing is best known for his role in modern China's industrialization and promoting the spirit of entrepreneurship in China. \n                Born into a Christian family in Shandong Province, in the early 1920s Song went to Chicago to study business management at Northwestern University. \n                In 1925, he returned to China and spent the next several years working in his father's business in Tianjin. \n                Seeing that China's industry was lacking entrepreneurship, especially in the textile market where foreign countries were profiting at China's expense, in 1932 Song established the Oriental Corporation (Dongya) in Tianjin. \n                That corporation became China's first textile company to use Chinese wool to produce its yarn and to sell its products both domestically and internationally. \n                By the 1940s, the corporation had become the largest yarn production company in China, having garnered more than 80 percent of the domestic Chinese market.","Song's entrepreneurship transformed the business environment in modern China. \n                In addition, Song brought his religious beliefs into his management style and enterprise culture, as well as forming a social communication network that relied on the Christian spirit to serve his entrepreneurial purposes. \n                After the Chinese Communists won the civil war and established the People's Republic in 1949, Song struggled to keep his enterprises intact but was unable to do so. \n                In 1950, he moved his company to Hong Kong and later immigrated to Argentina. He died in Buenos Aires in 1955.","The papers of Song Feiqing include correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to the operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and then in Hong Kong, including what part Christian beliefs played in Song's management practices. The papers also provide a rare glimpse into the formation of industrialization and entrepreneurship in China’s recent past.","For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives.","Correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and subsequently in Hong Kong.","Hoover Institution Archives","Hoover Institution Archives","Oriental Corporation.","Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955.","Chinese  and  English"],"unitid_tesim":["2013C4"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1926-2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"collection_title_tesim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"collection_ssim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"repository_ssm":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"creator_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"creators_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"access_terms_ssm":["For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials were acquired by the Hoover Institution Archives in 2013."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Business enterprises--China--Hong Kong.","Business enterprises--China."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Business enterprises--China--Hong Kong.","Business enterprises--China."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8 manuscript boxes, 1 motion picture film reel (4 linear feet)"],"extent_tesim":["8 manuscript boxes, 1 motion picture film reel (4 linear feet)"],"date_range_isim":[1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to \n                \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ecopies\u003c/emph\u003e of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research.","The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to \n                 copies  of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at \n                \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://searchworks.stanford.edu/\"\u003ehttp://searchworks.stanford.edu/\u003c/extref\u003e. Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at \n                 http://searchworks.stanford.edu/ . Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn in 1898, the Chinese businessman Song Feiqing is best known for his role in modern China's industrialization and promoting the spirit of entrepreneurship in China. \n                Born into a Christian family in Shandong Province, in the early 1920s Song went to Chicago to study business management at Northwestern University. \n                In 1925, he returned to China and spent the next several years working in his father's business in Tianjin. \n                Seeing that China's industry was lacking entrepreneurship, especially in the textile market where foreign countries were profiting at China's expense, in 1932 Song established the Oriental Corporation (Dongya) in Tianjin. \n                That corporation became China's first textile company to use Chinese wool to produce its yarn and to sell its products both domestically and internationally. \n                By the 1940s, the corporation had become the largest yarn production company in China, having garnered more than 80 percent of the domestic Chinese market.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSong's entrepreneurship transformed the business environment in modern China. \n                In addition, Song brought his religious beliefs into his management style and enterprise culture, as well as forming a social communication network that relied on the Christian spirit to serve his entrepreneurial purposes. \n                After the Chinese Communists won the civil war and established the People's Republic in 1949, Song struggled to keep his enterprises intact but was unable to do so. \n                In 1950, he moved his company to Hong Kong and later immigrated to Argentina. He died in Buenos Aires in 1955.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in 1898, the Chinese businessman Song Feiqing is best known for his role in modern China's industrialization and promoting the spirit of entrepreneurship in China. \n                Born into a Christian family in Shandong Province, in the early 1920s Song went to Chicago to study business management at Northwestern University. \n                In 1925, he returned to China and spent the next several years working in his father's business in Tianjin. \n                Seeing that China's industry was lacking entrepreneurship, especially in the textile market where foreign countries were profiting at China's expense, in 1932 Song established the Oriental Corporation (Dongya) in Tianjin. \n                That corporation became China's first textile company to use Chinese wool to produce its yarn and to sell its products both domestically and internationally. \n                By the 1940s, the corporation had become the largest yarn production company in China, having garnered more than 80 percent of the domestic Chinese market.","Song's entrepreneurship transformed the business environment in modern China. \n                In addition, Song brought his religious beliefs into his management style and enterprise culture, as well as forming a social communication network that relied on the Christian spirit to serve his entrepreneurial purposes. \n                After the Chinese Communists won the civil war and established the People's Republic in 1949, Song struggled to keep his enterprises intact but was unable to do so. \n                In 1950, he moved his company to Hong Kong and later immigrated to Argentina. He died in Buenos Aires in 1955."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Song Feiqing papers, [Box no.], Hoover Institution Archives\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Song Feiqing papers, [Box no.], Hoover Institution Archives"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Song Feiqing include correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to the operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and then in Hong Kong, including what part Christian beliefs played in Song's management practices. The papers also provide a rare glimpse into the formation of industrialization and entrepreneurship in China’s recent past.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content of Collection"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Song Feiqing include correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to the operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and then in Hong Kong, including what part Christian beliefs played in Song's management practices. The papers also provide a rare glimpse into the formation of industrialization and entrepreneurship in China’s recent past."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication Rights"],"userestrict_tesim":["For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"ref2\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCorrespondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and subsequently in Hong Kong.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and subsequently in Hong Kong."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"ref3\" label=\"Physical Location\"\u003eHoover Institution Archives\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Oriental Corporation."],"names_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives","Oriental Corporation.","Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"corpname_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives","Oriental Corporation."],"persname_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"language_ssim":["Chinese  and  English"],"total_component_count_is":68,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"2013C4-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:00:35.990Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"2013C4-xml","title_filing_ssi":"Song Feiqing papers","title_ssm":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers"],"title_tesim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers"],"ead_ssi":"2013C4.xml","unitdate_ssm":["1926-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1926-2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2013C4"],"text":["2013C4","Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009","Business enterprises--China--Hong Kong.","Business enterprises--China.","The collection is open for research.","The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to \n                 copies  of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible.","Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at \n                 http://searchworks.stanford.edu/ . Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid.","Born in 1898, the Chinese businessman Song Feiqing is best known for his role in modern China's industrialization and promoting the spirit of entrepreneurship in China. \n                Born into a Christian family in Shandong Province, in the early 1920s Song went to Chicago to study business management at Northwestern University. \n                In 1925, he returned to China and spent the next several years working in his father's business in Tianjin. \n                Seeing that China's industry was lacking entrepreneurship, especially in the textile market where foreign countries were profiting at China's expense, in 1932 Song established the Oriental Corporation (Dongya) in Tianjin. \n                That corporation became China's first textile company to use Chinese wool to produce its yarn and to sell its products both domestically and internationally. \n                By the 1940s, the corporation had become the largest yarn production company in China, having garnered more than 80 percent of the domestic Chinese market.","Song's entrepreneurship transformed the business environment in modern China. \n                In addition, Song brought his religious beliefs into his management style and enterprise culture, as well as forming a social communication network that relied on the Christian spirit to serve his entrepreneurial purposes. \n                After the Chinese Communists won the civil war and established the People's Republic in 1949, Song struggled to keep his enterprises intact but was unable to do so. \n                In 1950, he moved his company to Hong Kong and later immigrated to Argentina. He died in Buenos Aires in 1955.","The papers of Song Feiqing include correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to the operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and then in Hong Kong, including what part Christian beliefs played in Song's management practices. The papers also provide a rare glimpse into the formation of industrialization and entrepreneurship in China’s recent past.","For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives.","Correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and subsequently in Hong Kong.","Hoover Institution Archives","Hoover Institution Archives","Oriental Corporation.","Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955.","Chinese  and  English"],"unitid_tesim":["2013C4"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1926-2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"collection_title_tesim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"collection_ssim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"repository_ssm":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"creator_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"creators_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"access_terms_ssm":["For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials were acquired by the Hoover Institution Archives in 2013."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Business enterprises--China--Hong Kong.","Business enterprises--China."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Business enterprises--China--Hong Kong.","Business enterprises--China."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8 manuscript boxes, 1 motion picture film reel (4 linear feet)"],"extent_tesim":["8 manuscript boxes, 1 motion picture film reel (4 linear feet)"],"date_range_isim":[1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to \n                \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ecopies\u003c/emph\u003e of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research.","The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to \n                 copies  of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at \n                \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://searchworks.stanford.edu/\"\u003ehttp://searchworks.stanford.edu/\u003c/extref\u003e. Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at \n                 http://searchworks.stanford.edu/ . Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn in 1898, the Chinese businessman Song Feiqing is best known for his role in modern China's industrialization and promoting the spirit of entrepreneurship in China. \n                Born into a Christian family in Shandong Province, in the early 1920s Song went to Chicago to study business management at Northwestern University. \n                In 1925, he returned to China and spent the next several years working in his father's business in Tianjin. \n                Seeing that China's industry was lacking entrepreneurship, especially in the textile market where foreign countries were profiting at China's expense, in 1932 Song established the Oriental Corporation (Dongya) in Tianjin. \n                That corporation became China's first textile company to use Chinese wool to produce its yarn and to sell its products both domestically and internationally. \n                By the 1940s, the corporation had become the largest yarn production company in China, having garnered more than 80 percent of the domestic Chinese market.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSong's entrepreneurship transformed the business environment in modern China. \n                In addition, Song brought his religious beliefs into his management style and enterprise culture, as well as forming a social communication network that relied on the Christian spirit to serve his entrepreneurial purposes. \n                After the Chinese Communists won the civil war and established the People's Republic in 1949, Song struggled to keep his enterprises intact but was unable to do so. \n                In 1950, he moved his company to Hong Kong and later immigrated to Argentina. He died in Buenos Aires in 1955.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in 1898, the Chinese businessman Song Feiqing is best known for his role in modern China's industrialization and promoting the spirit of entrepreneurship in China. \n                Born into a Christian family in Shandong Province, in the early 1920s Song went to Chicago to study business management at Northwestern University. \n                In 1925, he returned to China and spent the next several years working in his father's business in Tianjin. \n                Seeing that China's industry was lacking entrepreneurship, especially in the textile market where foreign countries were profiting at China's expense, in 1932 Song established the Oriental Corporation (Dongya) in Tianjin. \n                That corporation became China's first textile company to use Chinese wool to produce its yarn and to sell its products both domestically and internationally. \n                By the 1940s, the corporation had become the largest yarn production company in China, having garnered more than 80 percent of the domestic Chinese market.","Song's entrepreneurship transformed the business environment in modern China. \n                In addition, Song brought his religious beliefs into his management style and enterprise culture, as well as forming a social communication network that relied on the Christian spirit to serve his entrepreneurial purposes. \n                After the Chinese Communists won the civil war and established the People's Republic in 1949, Song struggled to keep his enterprises intact but was unable to do so. \n                In 1950, he moved his company to Hong Kong and later immigrated to Argentina. He died in Buenos Aires in 1955."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Song Feiqing papers, [Box no.], Hoover Institution Archives\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Song Feiqing papers, [Box no.], Hoover Institution Archives"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Song Feiqing include correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to the operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and then in Hong Kong, including what part Christian beliefs played in Song's management practices. The papers also provide a rare glimpse into the formation of industrialization and entrepreneurship in China’s recent past.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content of Collection"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Song Feiqing include correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to the operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and then in Hong Kong, including what part Christian beliefs played in Song's management practices. The papers also provide a rare glimpse into the formation of industrialization and entrepreneurship in China’s recent past."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication Rights"],"userestrict_tesim":["For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"ref2\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCorrespondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and subsequently in Hong Kong.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and subsequently in Hong Kong."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"ref3\" label=\"Physical Location\"\u003eHoover Institution Archives\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Oriental Corporation."],"names_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives","Oriental Corporation.","Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"corpname_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives","Oriental Corporation."],"persname_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"language_ssim":["Chinese  and  English"],"total_component_count_is":68,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"2013C4-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:00:35.990Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/2013C4-xml"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-014","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","creator":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-014#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"TEACH Michigan.","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-014#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-014#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"umich-bhl-014","title_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records"],"title_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-014","unitdate_ssm":["1989-1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1989-1996"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["014 Bj 2"],"text":["014 Bj 2","TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes.","Research use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese.","In 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.","This record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization.","Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","Offsite storage; prior notification required for access","Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N.","English","The materials are in  English."],"unitid_tesim":["014 Bj 2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1989-1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"collection_title_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"collection_ssim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"creator_ssm":["TEACH Michigan."],"creator_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"creators_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"access_terms_ssm":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The record group came to the library from Partnership for Learning (formerly TEACH Michigan) in December 2000. Donor no.  9038"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["13 linear feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"date_range_isim":[1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearch use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Research use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eitem, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["item, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDonor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_85c28ec7f064d103fc6a1b17b4c73c99\"\u003eOrganization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4f9a3a50370f108b16342d0e56be5abb\"\u003eOffsite storage; prior notification required for access\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Offsite storage; prior notification required for access"],"names_coll_ssim":["Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N.","DeWeese, Paul N.","DeWeese, Paul N."],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N."],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund."],"persname_ssim":["DeWeese, Paul N."],"language_ssim":["English","The materials are in  English."],"total_component_count_is":279,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-014","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:12.778Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-014","title_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records"],"title_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-014","unitdate_ssm":["1989-1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1989-1996"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["014 Bj 2"],"text":["014 Bj 2","TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes.","Research use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese.","In 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.","This record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization.","Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","Offsite storage; prior notification required for access","Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N.","English","The materials are in  English."],"unitid_tesim":["014 Bj 2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1989-1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"collection_title_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"collection_ssim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"creator_ssm":["TEACH Michigan."],"creator_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"creators_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"access_terms_ssm":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The record group came to the library from Partnership for Learning (formerly TEACH Michigan) in December 2000. Donor no.  9038"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["13 linear feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"date_range_isim":[1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearch use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Research use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eitem, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["item, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDonor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_85c28ec7f064d103fc6a1b17b4c73c99\"\u003eOrganization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4f9a3a50370f108b16342d0e56be5abb\"\u003eOffsite storage; prior notification required for access\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Offsite storage; prior notification required for access"],"names_coll_ssim":["Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N.","DeWeese, Paul N.","DeWeese, Paul N."],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N."],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund."],"persname_ssim":["DeWeese, Paul N."],"language_ssim":["English","The materials are in  English."],"total_component_count_is":279,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-014","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:12.778Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-014"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_686388bafa98a804af4aa1709a3677dd","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"\"Tell It to Washington\" Citizen Action Guide, 1991-1992","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_686388bafa98a804af4aa1709a3677dd#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_686388bafa98a804af4aa1709a3677dd","ref_ssm":["aspace_686388bafa98a804af4aa1709a3677dd","aspace_686388bafa98a804af4aa1709a3677dd"],"id":"umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_686388bafa98a804af4aa1709a3677dd","title_filing_ssi":"\"Tell It to Washington\" Citizen Action Guide","title_ssm":["\"Tell It to Washington\" Citizen Action Guide"],"title_tesim":["\"Tell It to Washington\" Citizen Action Guide"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1991-1992"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1991-1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"Tell It to Washington\" Citizen Action Guide, 1991-1992"],"text":["\"Tell It to Washington\" Citizen Action Guide, 1991-1992","League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992","Issues","State and National Politics","box 1"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-2014137","aspace_888fd0bffe15e97738776be21b868f2b","aspace_f8ffbf9510f43e53273fe38995b86dcd"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_f8ffbf9510f43e53273fe38995b86dcd","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-2014137","umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_888fd0bffe15e97738776be21b868f2b","umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_f8ffbf9510f43e53273fe38995b86dcd"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992","Issues","State and National Politics"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992","Issues","State and National Politics"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","File"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":30,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"date_range_isim":[1991,1992],"containers_ssim":["box 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#5/components#1","_nest_parent_":"umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_f8ffbf9510f43e53273fe38995b86dcd","_root_":"umich-bhl-2014137","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:58.686Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-2014137","title_ssm":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records"],"title_tesim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-2014137","unitdate_ssm":["1957-2013","1973-1992"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1973-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1957-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2014137 Aa 2"],"text":["2014137 Aa 2","League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992","Wayne County (Mich.) -- Politics and government.","Environmental protection -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Intergovernmental relations in the United States -- Michigan.","Women -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Women -- Political activity -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Videotapes.","The collection is open to research.","No further additions to the records are expected.","The records are divided into three series based on content and type: Issues, Organizational Records, and  Voter  Newsletter.","The League of Women Voters (LWV) is a nonpartisan political organization that strives to increase active and knowledgeable participation by voters in the electoral process, educates citizens about critical public policy issues, and shapes these policies through its advocacy and educational programs. The LWV of Livonia, Mich. began with thirty-five members in 1960 and aimed to encourage active participation of local voters in the democratic process. In 2001, the branch was renamed the League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County; by 2014, its scope encompassed Livonia, Plymouth, Canton, Redford, Wayne, Garden City, Westland, and Northville Township. As of 2010, the Northwest Wayne County League had fifty volunteer members, both male and female. Members are also part of the League of Women Voters of Michigan (LWVMI) and the national League of Women Voters, both founded in 1920."," Northwest Wayne County's branch educates individuals to devise positive solutions to public policy problems and emphasizes conflict management. The organization maintains a nonpartisan stance, providing information on candidates but never endorsing or opposing any politician or political party. The League publishes free voter guides and \"They Represent You,\" a pamphlet furnishing contact information for local, state, and federal government representatives. Interested voters may also attend candidate forums and educational meetings about ballot proposals and public policy concerns of interest to northwest Wayne County. The group frequently undertakes intensive studies of policy issues ranging from waste disposal to education to prison reform, making a recommendation only after members reach consensus. Furthermore, with money from dues, donations, and fundraisers, the branch funds scholarships for local students."," Members of the Northwest Wayne County group have received awards from the University of Michigan-Dearborn and other organizations for their community service and others have gone on to serve as LWVMI officers.","Researchers may also wish to consult the following collections:"," League of Women Voters of Allen Park, records"," League of Women Voters of Berrien and Cass Counties, records"," League of Women Voters of Dearborn-Dearborn Heights (Mich.), records"," League of Women Voters of Grosse Pointe, records"," League of Women Voters of Michigan, records"," League of Women Voters of Monroe (Mich.), records"," League of Women Voters of Mount Clemens-Clinton Area, records"," League of Women Voters of the Ann Arbor Area, records","The records of the League of Women Voters (LWV) of Northwest County include organizational documents and publications, correspondence, membership rosters, local studies, and extensive meeting minutes drawn from all predecessor organizations but primarily from the LWV of Livonia. Although the documents encompass the years from 1957 to 2013, most are from the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. Researchers will find records of LWV operations, such as fundraising and board elections, as well as a wealth of information relating to urban challenges, social issues, and environmental concerns of the greater Detroit area in the late 20th century. A glimpse into broader state issues, such as Michigan's penitential system, also emerges in the documents. Extensive collections of LWV newsletters from the Livonia and Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi branches, as well as the subsequent merged organization, will also be of interest to those researching the political participation of women during and after the women's liberation movement.","Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Records of the League of Women Voters (LWV) of Northwest Wayne County in Michigan and its predecessor organizations, the LWV of Livonia and the LWV of Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi. Collection includes organizational records, newsletters, correspondence, and other records documenting the activities of the three groups.","Bentley Historical Library","League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County.","English","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["2014137 Aa 2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992"],"collection_title_tesim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992"],"collection_ssim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Wayne County (Mich.) -- Politics and government."],"geogname_ssim":["Wayne County (Mich.) -- Politics and government."],"creator_ssm":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County."],"creator_ssim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County."],"creators_ssim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County."],"places_ssim":["Wayne County (Mich.) -- Politics and government."],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The record group was donated by the League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County (donor no.  11100 ) in May 2014."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Environmental protection -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Intergovernmental relations in the United States -- Michigan.","Women -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Women -- Political activity -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Videotapes."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Environmental protection -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Intergovernmental relations in the United States -- Michigan.","Women -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Women -- Political activity -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Videotapes."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["3 linear feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Videotapes."],"date_range_isim":[1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo further additions to the records are expected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["No further additions to the records are expected."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records are divided into three series based on content and type: Issues, Organizational Records, and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVoter\u003c/title\u003e Newsletter.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The records are divided into three series based on content and type: Issues, Organizational Records, and  Voter  Newsletter."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe League of Women Voters (LWV) is a nonpartisan political organization that strives to increase active and knowledgeable participation by voters in the electoral process, educates citizens about critical public policy issues, and shapes these policies through its advocacy and educational programs. The LWV of Livonia, Mich. began with thirty-five members in 1960 and aimed to encourage active participation of local voters in the democratic process. In 2001, the branch was renamed the League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County; by 2014, its scope encompassed Livonia, Plymouth, Canton, Redford, Wayne, Garden City, Westland, and Northville Township. As of 2010, the Northwest Wayne County League had fifty volunteer members, both male and female. Members are also part of the League of Women Voters of Michigan (LWVMI) and the national League of Women Voters, both founded in 1920.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Northwest Wayne County's branch educates individuals to devise positive solutions to public policy problems and emphasizes conflict management. The organization maintains a nonpartisan stance, providing information on candidates but never endorsing or opposing any politician or political party. The League publishes free voter guides and \"They Represent You,\" a pamphlet furnishing contact information for local, state, and federal government representatives. Interested voters may also attend candidate forums and educational meetings about ballot proposals and public policy concerns of interest to northwest Wayne County. The group frequently undertakes intensive studies of policy issues ranging from waste disposal to education to prison reform, making a recommendation only after members reach consensus. Furthermore, with money from dues, donations, and fundraisers, the branch funds scholarships for local students.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Members of the Northwest Wayne County group have received awards from the University of Michigan-Dearborn and other organizations for their community service and others have gone on to serve as LWVMI officers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The League of Women Voters (LWV) is a nonpartisan political organization that strives to increase active and knowledgeable participation by voters in the electoral process, educates citizens about critical public policy issues, and shapes these policies through its advocacy and educational programs. The LWV of Livonia, Mich. began with thirty-five members in 1960 and aimed to encourage active participation of local voters in the democratic process. In 2001, the branch was renamed the League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County; by 2014, its scope encompassed Livonia, Plymouth, Canton, Redford, Wayne, Garden City, Westland, and Northville Township. As of 2010, the Northwest Wayne County League had fifty volunteer members, both male and female. Members are also part of the League of Women Voters of Michigan (LWVMI) and the national League of Women Voters, both founded in 1920."," Northwest Wayne County's branch educates individuals to devise positive solutions to public policy problems and emphasizes conflict management. The organization maintains a nonpartisan stance, providing information on candidates but never endorsing or opposing any politician or political party. The League publishes free voter guides and \"They Represent You,\" a pamphlet furnishing contact information for local, state, and federal government representatives. Interested voters may also attend candidate forums and educational meetings about ballot proposals and public policy concerns of interest to northwest Wayne County. The group frequently undertakes intensive studies of policy issues ranging from waste disposal to education to prison reform, making a recommendation only after members reach consensus. Furthermore, with money from dues, donations, and fundraisers, the branch funds scholarships for local students."," Members of the Northwest Wayne County group have received awards from the University of Michigan-Dearborn and other organizations for their community service and others have gone on to serve as LWVMI officers."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item], folder, box, League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item], folder, box, League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers may also wish to consult the following collections:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Allen Park, records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Berrien and Cass Counties, records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Dearborn-Dearborn Heights (Mich.), records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Grosse Pointe, records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Michigan, records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Monroe (Mich.), records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Mount Clemens-Clinton Area, records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of the Ann Arbor Area, records\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Researchers may also wish to consult the following collections:"," League of Women Voters of Allen Park, records"," League of Women Voters of Berrien and Cass Counties, records"," League of Women Voters of Dearborn-Dearborn Heights (Mich.), records"," League of Women Voters of Grosse Pointe, records"," League of Women Voters of Michigan, records"," League of Women Voters of Monroe (Mich.), records"," League of Women Voters of Mount Clemens-Clinton Area, records"," League of Women Voters of the Ann Arbor Area, records"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records of the League of Women Voters (LWV) of Northwest County include organizational documents and publications, correspondence, membership rosters, local studies, and extensive meeting minutes drawn from all predecessor organizations but primarily from the LWV of Livonia. Although the documents encompass the years from 1957 to 2013, most are from the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. Researchers will find records of LWV operations, such as fundraising and board elections, as well as a wealth of information relating to urban challenges, social issues, and environmental concerns of the greater Detroit area in the late 20th century. A glimpse into broader state issues, such as Michigan's penitential system, also emerges in the documents. Extensive collections of LWV newsletters from the Livonia and Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi branches, as well as the subsequent merged organization, will also be of interest to those researching the political participation of women during and after the women's liberation movement.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The records of the League of Women Voters (LWV) of Northwest County include organizational documents and publications, correspondence, membership rosters, local studies, and extensive meeting minutes drawn from all predecessor organizations but primarily from the LWV of Livonia. Although the documents encompass the years from 1957 to 2013, most are from the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. Researchers will find records of LWV operations, such as fundraising and board elections, as well as a wealth of information relating to urban challenges, social issues, and environmental concerns of the greater Detroit area in the late 20th century. A glimpse into broader state issues, such as Michigan's penitential system, also emerges in the documents. Extensive collections of LWV newsletters from the Livonia and Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi branches, as well as the subsequent merged organization, will also be of interest to those researching the political participation of women during and after the women's liberation movement."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1194f506255c3ab03350e6f4d84d06ca\"\u003eRecords of the League of Women Voters (LWV) of Northwest Wayne County in Michigan and its predecessor organizations, the LWV of Livonia and the LWV of Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi. Collection includes organizational records, newsletters, correspondence, and other records documenting the activities of the three groups.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Records of the League of Women Voters (LWV) of Northwest Wayne County in Michigan and its predecessor organizations, the LWV of Livonia and the LWV of Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi. 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ries","hits":13},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1991\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Collection","value":"Collection","hits":12},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1991\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Record 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