{"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=102\u0026view=list","prev":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=101\u0026view=list","next":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=103\u0026view=list","last":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=417\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":102,"next_page":103,"prev_page":101,"total_pages":417,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":1010,"total_count":4162,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_6d41c5b74bbe02944547f8254426b5bcad2fa9ec","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Auction Catalogs, Christie’s-Ernest Hemingway, including recently discovered manuscript, May 19, 2000","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_6d41c5b74bbe02944547f8254426b5bcad2fa9ec#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"al_6d41c5b74bbe02944547f8254426b5bcad2fa9ec","ref_ssm":["al_6d41c5b74bbe02944547f8254426b5bcad2fa9ec","al_6d41c5b74bbe02944547f8254426b5bcad2fa9ec"],"id":"ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_6d41c5b74bbe02944547f8254426b5bcad2fa9ec","title_filing_ssi":"Auction Catalogs, Christie’s-Ernest Hemingway, including recently discovered manuscript, May 19, 2000","title_ssm":["Auction Catalogs, Christie’s-Ernest Hemingway, including recently discovered manuscript, May 19, 2000"],"title_tesim":["Auction Catalogs, Christie’s-Ernest Hemingway, including recently discovered manuscript, May 19, 2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Auction Catalogs, Christie’s-Ernest Hemingway, including recently discovered manuscript, May 19, 2000"],"text":["Auction Catalogs, Christie’s-Ernest Hemingway, including recently discovered manuscript, May 19, 2000","Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated","Ernest Hemingway Collection","Box 1","Folder 90"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["ehll--HemingwayErnest","al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980"],"parent_ssi":"al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980","parent_ids_ssim":["ehll--HemingwayErnest","ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated","Ernest Hemingway Collection"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated","Ernest Hemingway Collection"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["Central Michigan University Clarke Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":91,"containers_ssim":["Box 1","Folder 90"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#89","_nest_parent_":"ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980","_root_":"ehll--HemingwayErnest","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:25:31.217Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"ehll--HemingwayErnest","title_ssm":["\nErnest Hemingway Collection,\n \n1901, 2014, and undated\n"],"title_tesim":["\nErnest Hemingway Collection,\n \n1901, 2014, and undated\n"],"ead_ssi":"ehll--HemingwayErnest","level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["\nMSS.\n"],"text":["\nMSS.\n","Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated","Authors, American--20th century.","War and society--United States--History--20th century.","World War, 1914-1918--Veterans.","The collection is divided into three series: materials by and about Ernest Hemingway, the diaries of his uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society.","Biography:","Ernest Hemingway was born July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois, the son of Clarence E. Hemingway, a doctor, and Grace Hall-Hemingway, a musician and voice teacher. He had four sisters and a brother. Every summer, the family summered at the family cottage, named Windemere, on Walloon Lake near Petoskey, Michigan.","After Ernest graduated from high school in June 1917, he joined the Missouri Home Guard. Before it was called to active duty, he served as a volunteer ambulance driver for the American Red Cross. On July 8, 1918 Hemingway was wounded by an Austrian trench mortar. He spent the subsequent summer and fall recovering from his leg wounds in the Milan Red Cross hospital. In Europe, Hemingway met nurse Agnes Von Kurowsky. He thought they were engaged when he returned to the U.S. on January 21, 1919, but she broke off whatever relationship they had had in March 1919.","In January 1920, the city editor of the Toronto Star agreed to buy Hemingway’s stories on a piece by piece basis as they suited the paper. The paper regularly printed his features on dental schools, prizefights, free shaves, trout fishing, rum-running and, later, on Chicago gangsters. He returned to Chicago in May 1920.","In September 1921, Hemingway married Hadley Richardson at Horton Bay, Michigan. They had planned to live in Italy, but were advised by Sherwood Anderson that a would-be-writer should live in Paris. In January 1922, the couple moved into an apartment in Paris’ Latin Quarter.","The Hemingways later returned to Toronto, where Ernest found that the new editor of the Star did not like him.  His first assignment upon his return was to cover a prison escape. He used one prisoner as the basis for his male, loner, anti-social characters, which later appeared in a number of his stories.","Hemingway’s first son, John Hadley Nicanor, was born in Toronto in October  1923.","Furious with his editor, Hemingway returned to Paris in January 1924, living near Ezra Pound. His mentors and friends in Paris included Pound, Sylvia Beach, and Gertrude Stein. Through these three writers, he got to know every expatriate American writer and new artists in Paris. Hemingway developed an appreciation for the insider, the man who knew the language, food and customs of foreign countries.","Between 1924 and 1929, Hemingway rose from obscurity to being one of the best-known American writers of his generation.  His publications in those years included In our time (1925), his breakthrough novel, (The) Sun also rises (1926), Men without women (1927), and (A) Farewell to arms (1929). He spent his summers in Spain following bullfights and his winters skiing in Switzerland, with Paris as his base.","Hadley divorced Ernest in April 1927. She received lifelong rights to the income from (The) Sun also rises. Hemingway then married Pauline Pfeiffer, with whom he had had an affair for over a year, in May 1927.","Ernest and Pauline returned to the U.S. for the cesarean birth of their son, Patrick, who was born in 1928. Also in 1928, Ernest’s father, Clarence Hemingway, committed suicide.","Pauline and Ernest enjoyed Key West fishing and Wyoming dude ranches. After a year of living in and out of Paris, they moved back to Key West in 1930.","In 1930, the sale of the film rights to (A) Farewell to arms brought Hemingway $24,000. Besides that, they lived on Pauline’s trust fund and Ernest’s income from writing. Her wealthy uncle, Augustus Pfeiffer, paid for their home in Key West and their African safari. Pauline and Ernest’s second son, Gregory, was born in 1931. Hemingway also was paid for his book, Death in the afternoon (1932).","During the 1930s, Hemingway wrote Winner takes nothing (1933), Green hills of Africa (1935), several short stories, and a series of personal essays called “Letters” for Esquire magazine. In September 1937 he reported on the Spanish Civil War in Madrid.  In October 1937, Hemingway was featured on the cover of Time magazine and wrote To have and have not. Hemingway also wrote a narrative to the film (The) Spanish earth and wrote his only play, (The) Fifth column (1938).","By February 1939, his marriage to Pauline was essentially over. He had an affair with Martha Gellhorn since 1937. Hemingway moved to Havana and began For whom the bell tolls. On December 24, 1939, Ernest and Martha moved to La Finca Vigia, a house with property outside of Havana. There, he finished For whom the bell tolls, which was released to ecstatic reviews on October 21, 1940. Four days later Paramount Pictures offered Hemingway $100,000 for the film rights. In early November 1940, Pauline’s divorce suit against Ernest on the grounds of desertion was granted. He married Martha Gellhorn a few weeks later.","During World War II, Hemingway suffered with the beginning of severe depression and had a long block in his writing ability. Except for writing an introduction of Men at war (1942) he wrote nothing until 1944. In April 1944 he began work as a war correspondent for Collier’s, displacing Martha. By late May 1944 Hemingway’s marriage to Martha was basically over and he met Mary Welsh Monks, soon to be his fourth wife.","Between June and December 1944, Hemingway deliberately put himself in dangerous positions. He went aboard a landing craft on D-Day, June 6. He twice flew on Royal Air Force missions intercepting German rockets and led a group of French irregulars and unattached GIs towards the liberation of Paris and the Ritz Bar. Two of his essays were published in Collier’s.","In 1945 Hemingway returned to New York and Cuba. Mary joined him in May. In September he sued Martha for divorce on the grounds of desertion. In November the sale of two of his stories for movie rights brought him $112,000.","Hemingway married Mary Welsh Monks in Havana in March 1946. In 1947, he was diagnosed with high blood pressure. From that time forward, Hemingway fought hypertension, diabetes, depression, paranoia, and perhaps hemochromatosis. He also began work on a trilogy, Islands, Garden of Eden, and (A) Moveable feast.","From September 1948 through April 1949, the Hemingways lived in northern Italy. There, he became infatuated with an eighteen-year-old beauty, Adriana Ivancich. Mary tolerated it. In late April the Hemingways returned to Cuba. He wrote Across the river and into the trees (1950), about a dying American colonel and a teenage Venetian beauty. It received overwhelmingly negative reviews. By late 1950 Ivancich and her mother were visiting Finca. Mary wanted out of the marriage, but stayed in it.","In 1951 Hemingway complete the first draft of (The) Old man and the sea and the Islands manuscript.","Grace Hall-Hemingway died in June 1951 and Pauline Hemingway in October 1951. The combination of these deaths was difficult for Hemingway to handle.","Life paid him $40,000 for serial rights and sold five million copies of its September 1, 1952 issue containing (The) Old man and the sea. Scribners sold out 40,000 first run copies of the novella. In April 1953, a film crew arrived in Havana to film the epic. In May, Hemingway was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for fiction for the book.","In June, Ernest and Mary left Havana for Europe and Africa. After surviving a nearly fatal plane crash, the Hemingways recuperated in Venice. In June 1954, they returned to Havana. In October, Hemingway learned that he had been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, but due to ill health, he could not travel to Stockholm.","From 1955 to 1961 Hemingway suffered increasing bad health, and paranoia-ridden depression. He wrote steadily on his trilogy. In January 1959, the Batista government fell to the Castro revolution. The Hemingways, on vacation in the U.S., bought a house in Ketchum, Idaho, from which he could watch the revolution on television.","In 1959, Ernest returned to Spain to cover the bullfights. His mood shifts frightened his wife and bewildered his friends. His health worsened. In November 1960 Hemingway entered Mayo Clinic to be treated for hypertension, an enlarged liver, paranoia, and severe depression. He received shock treatments. By late April 1961 Hemingway had twice attempted suicide.","On July 2, 1961 he blew his head off. Hemingway was survived by his wife, two of his ex-wives, and his three sons. (This information is from American National Biography Online).","Materials by and about Ernest Hemingway in the collection include numerous periodicals with Articles by or about Hemingway, his books, and movies based on his books; numerous Movie Posters; other Posters of Hemingway, his homes, books, or exhibits about him; Photographs (copies), mostly from movies based on his books and some from the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library; the (Film) ‘Adventures of a Young Man’, undated (4 reels): Manuscript Correspondence, four Letters written by Hemingway, one to Jim Gamble written on April 18 and 27, 1919, one dated Oct. 28, 1919 to Ernest's father, Dr. Clarence Hemingway (framed), one dated Nov. 12, 1919 to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway (framed), and one dated 2 Feb. 1960 to his son, J. H. N. Hemingway, as well as copies of two letters written by Hemingway to Owen Wister dated March 1 and 11, 1929 (the originals are in the Library of Congress). Brochures; Advertisements; Exhibit Brochures; Postcards; Auction Catalogs; Sheet Music; Miscellaneous materials. Biographical Information (copies) and ramed Items for exhibits, including posters, photographs, and other materials.","Of particular interest is the first letter (original six p., and a copy) written by Hemingway on April 18 and 27, 1919 to his friend Jim Gamble, the Proctor and Gamble heir, detailing his desire to write even though submissions for publication were rejected, his dashed hopes for marriage, his hunger for recognition, his love of northern Michigan and trout fishing, and notes about people whose company he enjoyed while staying at Windemere Cottage, near Petoskey, Michigan. During this time, Hemingway was recovering from war wounds and a broken heart. The letter is typed with his signature. Included with the letter are copies of two Hemingway letters to Owen Wister, March 1 (6 p.) and 11 (5 p.), 1929, copied from the Library of Congress, and a letter to Henry M. Watts from Theodore Voorhees, December 11, 1979, concerning the copied letters. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The second manuscript letter is written by Ernest to “Dear Dad”, dated October 28. This letter is accompanied by a certificate of authenticity by Ernest Hemingway Mainland dated June 25, 2007. The letter is typed with a signature and handwritten P.S. There are notations on the bottom of the letter “Rec’d 10/31/[1]919 and ans.[wered] 11/1/[1]919 CH [Clarence Hemingway]. The letter is two pages on one sheet of paper, which is folded in half, p. 1 is on top and p. 2 is underneath and upside down compared to p. 1. In the letter, Ernest notes he had a hard trip up the Missouri to Petoskey, when he traveled to Boyne City to visit Wesley, and that with his “typer” he is leaving Thursday for Petoskey. Ernest also notes that he is working on the “Woppian Way” and has read several books. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The third letter (original two p. and envelope) written by Hemingway on November 11, 1919, mailed the following day, to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway in Oak Park, Illinois, from Petoskey, Michigan. In this letter, Ernest notes how he has been very ill with a bad sore throat, notes Armistice Day, his prayers for the dead, complains of President Wilson robbing the “wops” and mentions Fiume. [Fiume was given to Yugoslavia from Italy.]He notes it is a lovely day, the linotypers are on strike so eastern magazines are not accepting articles, that he sent an article to the Post, that he is reading and working a lot, mentions the Bumps, and sends love to his family. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The fourth letter from Ernest at Finca Vigia, Cuba, is addressed to his son “Dear Bum,” J. H. N. Hemingway in San Francisco, dated 8 February 1960. It is the only handwritten letter and is accompanied by the envelope, which is also handwritten. In the letter Ernest thanks Bun for his letter, and asks him to check on Christmas gifts, which have not yet arrived, and several addresses. Ernest notes he is very busy working on a piece about bull fights and Death in the Afternoon. He also notes that Mary’s arm is improving with massage and therapy.","Diaries (12), 1938, 1951, of George R. Hemingway, Ernest’s uncle, are also included in the collection. George worked as a representative of the Charlevoix Country Nursery and lived, with his wife, Anna, in East Jordan, Michigan. (This information is from the collection.)","The organizational records, 1990-present, of the Michigan Hemingway Society, including Articles of Incorporations, By-laws, goals and objectives, celebration and conference materials, meeting minutes, financial statements, and other related materials, complete the collection.","While the majority of the collection is in English, some of the movie posters are in French, Italian, Spanish, Danish, Polish, and other languages. The collection is ongoing.","A later addition (Acc# 73683) is three folders donated by Pat Davis. These include 2012 copies of six photographs or postcards of Horton Bay, mainly buildings and scenic views, Correspondence to Wesley about Ernest and Marcelline being in school, 1905, and  to Mrs. Dilworth, announcing Ernest’s engagement, 1921, and sheet music, Song of Welcome, by Grace Hall-Hemingway, 1905. Also included is an announcement card that Dr. Clarence E. Hemingway moved his office to 221 Grove Avenue, 1905.The last folder includes newspaper clippings (copies) of Pat Davis, Dilworth House, and how life when Hemingway was there.","User Note: The collection has a decidedly musty to lightly moldy smell and patrons with allergies or breathing problems should use the collection with care.","Processing Note: Most of the numerous books that came to the Clarke with the collection have been cataloged. Those few books for which no catalog record could be found have been added to this manuscript collection. Later Oversized additions will be added at the end of the collection.","\nThis artificial collection includes articles by or about Hemingway, movie posters and photographs, manuscript letters, printed and miscellaneous materials about Ernest Hemingway and his books, diaries of Ernest's uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society. \n","Clarke Historical Library , Central Michigan University","Michigan Hemingway Society.","Hemingway family.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Biography.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Correspondence.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Criticism and Interpretation.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Farewell to arms.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--For whom the bell tolls.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Cuba--Havana--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Florida--Key West--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Moveable feast.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Old man and the sea.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Portraits--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Sun also rises.","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["\nMSS.\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated"],"collection_ssim":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated"],"repository_ssm":["Central Michigan University Clarke Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["Central Michigan University Clarke Historical Library"],"creator_ssm":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961."],"creator_ssim":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961."],"creators_ssim":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961."],"acqinfo_ssim":["\nAcc# many\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Authors, American--20th century.","War and society--United States--History--20th century.","World War, 1914-1918--Veterans."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Authors, American--20th century.","War and society--United States--History--20th century.","World War, 1914-1918--Veterans."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6 cubic feet (in 7 boxes, 8 Oversized folders, 4 reels in 4 boxes, and 52 framed items)"],"extent_tesim":["6 cubic feet (in 7 boxes, 8 Oversized folders, 4 reels in 4 boxes, and 52 framed items)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into three series: materials by and about Ernest Hemingway, the diaries of his uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into three series: materials by and about Ernest Hemingway, the diaries of his uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBiography:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eErnest Hemingway was born July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois, the son of Clarence E. Hemingway, a doctor, and Grace Hall-Hemingway, a musician and voice teacher. He had four sisters and a brother. Every summer, the family summered at the family cottage, named Windemere, on Walloon Lake near Petoskey, Michigan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter Ernest graduated from high school in June 1917, he joined the Missouri Home Guard. Before it was called to active duty, he served as a volunteer ambulance driver for the American Red Cross. On July 8, 1918 Hemingway was wounded by an Austrian trench mortar. He spent the subsequent summer and fall recovering from his leg wounds in the Milan Red Cross hospital. In Europe, Hemingway met nurse Agnes Von Kurowsky. He thought they were engaged when he returned to the U.S. on January 21, 1919, but she broke off whatever relationship they had had in March 1919.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 1920, the city editor of the Toronto Star agreed to buy Hemingway\u0026#x2019;s stories on a piece by piece basis as they suited the paper. The paper regularly printed his features on dental schools, prizefights, free shaves, trout fishing, rum-running and, later, on Chicago gangsters. He returned to Chicago in May 1920.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn September 1921, Hemingway married Hadley Richardson at Horton Bay, Michigan. They had planned to live in Italy, but were advised by Sherwood Anderson that a would-be-writer should live in Paris. In January 1922, the couple moved into an apartment in Paris\u0026#x2019; Latin Quarter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Hemingways later returned to Toronto, where Ernest found that the new editor of the Star did not like him.  His first assignment upon his return was to cover a prison escape. He used one prisoner as the basis for his male, loner, anti-social characters, which later appeared in a number of his stories.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHemingway\u0026#x2019;s first son, John Hadley Nicanor, was born in Toronto in October  1923.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFurious with his editor, Hemingway returned to Paris in January 1924, living near Ezra Pound. His mentors and friends in Paris included Pound, Sylvia Beach, and Gertrude Stein. Through these three writers, he got to know every expatriate American writer and new artists in Paris. Hemingway developed an appreciation for the insider, the man who knew the language, food and customs of foreign countries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBetween 1924 and 1929, Hemingway rose from obscurity to being one of the best-known American writers of his generation.  His publications in those years included In our time (1925), his breakthrough novel, (The) Sun also rises (1926), Men without women (1927), and (A) Farewell to arms (1929). He spent his summers in Spain following bullfights and his winters skiing in Switzerland, with Paris as his base.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHadley divorced Ernest in April 1927. She received lifelong rights to the income from (The) Sun also rises. Hemingway then married Pauline Pfeiffer, with whom he had had an affair for over a year, in May 1927.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eErnest and Pauline returned to the U.S. for the cesarean birth of their son, Patrick, who was born in 1928. Also in 1928, Ernest\u0026#x2019;s father, Clarence Hemingway, committed suicide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePauline and Ernest enjoyed Key West fishing and Wyoming dude ranches. After a year of living in and out of Paris, they moved back to Key West in 1930.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1930, the sale of the film rights to (A) Farewell to arms brought Hemingway $24,000. Besides that, they lived on Pauline\u0026#x2019;s trust fund and Ernest\u0026#x2019;s income from writing. Her wealthy uncle, Augustus Pfeiffer, paid for their home in Key West and their African safari. Pauline and Ernest\u0026#x2019;s second son, Gregory, was born in 1931. Hemingway also was paid for his book, Death in the afternoon (1932).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1930s, Hemingway wrote Winner takes nothing (1933), Green hills of Africa (1935), several short stories, and a series of personal essays called \u0026#x201C;Letters\u0026#x201D; for Esquire magazine. In September 1937 he reported on the Spanish Civil War in Madrid.  In October 1937, Hemingway was featured on the cover of Time magazine and wrote To have and have not. Hemingway also wrote a narrative to the film (The) Spanish earth and wrote his only play, (The) Fifth column (1938).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy February 1939, his marriage to Pauline was essentially over. He had an affair with Martha Gellhorn since 1937. Hemingway moved to Havana and began For whom the bell tolls. On December 24, 1939, Ernest and Martha moved to La Finca Vigia, a house with property outside of Havana. There, he finished For whom the bell tolls, which was released to ecstatic reviews on October 21, 1940. Four days later Paramount Pictures offered Hemingway $100,000 for the film rights. In early November 1940, Pauline\u0026#x2019;s divorce suit against Ernest on the grounds of desertion was granted. He married Martha Gellhorn a few weeks later.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, Hemingway suffered with the beginning of severe depression and had a long block in his writing ability. Except for writing an introduction of Men at war (1942) he wrote nothing until 1944. In April 1944 he began work as a war correspondent for Collier\u0026#x2019;s, displacing Martha. By late May 1944 Hemingway\u0026#x2019;s marriage to Martha was basically over and he met Mary Welsh Monks, soon to be his fourth wife.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBetween June and December 1944, Hemingway deliberately put himself in dangerous positions. He went aboard a landing craft on D-Day, June 6. He twice flew on Royal Air Force missions intercepting German rockets and led a group of French irregulars and unattached GIs towards the liberation of Paris and the Ritz Bar. Two of his essays were published in Collier\u0026#x2019;s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1945 Hemingway returned to New York and Cuba. Mary joined him in May. In September he sued Martha for divorce on the grounds of desertion. In November the sale of two of his stories for movie rights brought him $112,000.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHemingway married Mary Welsh Monks in Havana in March 1946. In 1947, he was diagnosed with high blood pressure. From that time forward, Hemingway fought hypertension, diabetes, depression, paranoia, and perhaps hemochromatosis. He also began work on a trilogy, Islands, Garden of Eden, and (A) Moveable feast.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom September 1948 through April 1949, the Hemingways lived in northern Italy. There, he became infatuated with an eighteen-year-old beauty, Adriana Ivancich. Mary tolerated it. In late April the Hemingways returned to Cuba. He wrote Across the river and into the trees (1950), about a dying American colonel and a teenage Venetian beauty. It received overwhelmingly negative reviews. By late 1950 Ivancich and her mother were visiting Finca. Mary wanted out of the marriage, but stayed in it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1951 Hemingway complete the first draft of (The) Old man and the sea and the Islands manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGrace Hall-Hemingway died in June 1951 and Pauline Hemingway in October 1951. The combination of these deaths was difficult for Hemingway to handle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLife paid him $40,000 for serial rights and sold five million copies of its September 1, 1952 issue containing (The) Old man and the sea. Scribners sold out 40,000 first run copies of the novella. In April 1953, a film crew arrived in Havana to film the epic. In May, Hemingway was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for fiction for the book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn June, Ernest and Mary left Havana for Europe and Africa. After surviving a nearly fatal plane crash, the Hemingways recuperated in Venice. In June 1954, they returned to Havana. In October, Hemingway learned that he had been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, but due to ill health, he could not travel to Stockholm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1955 to 1961 Hemingway suffered increasing bad health, and paranoia-ridden depression. He wrote steadily on his trilogy. In January 1959, the Batista government fell to the Castro revolution. The Hemingways, on vacation in the U.S., bought a house in Ketchum, Idaho, from which he could watch the revolution on television.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1959, Ernest returned to Spain to cover the bullfights. His mood shifts frightened his wife and bewildered his friends. His health worsened. In November 1960 Hemingway entered Mayo Clinic to be treated for hypertension, an enlarged liver, paranoia, and severe depression. He received shock treatments. By late April 1961 Hemingway had twice attempted suicide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn July 2, 1961 he blew his head off. Hemingway was survived by his wife, two of his ex-wives, and his three sons. (This information is from American National Biography Online).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_tesim":["Biography:","Ernest Hemingway was born July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois, the son of Clarence E. Hemingway, a doctor, and Grace Hall-Hemingway, a musician and voice teacher. He had four sisters and a brother. Every summer, the family summered at the family cottage, named Windemere, on Walloon Lake near Petoskey, Michigan.","After Ernest graduated from high school in June 1917, he joined the Missouri Home Guard. Before it was called to active duty, he served as a volunteer ambulance driver for the American Red Cross. On July 8, 1918 Hemingway was wounded by an Austrian trench mortar. He spent the subsequent summer and fall recovering from his leg wounds in the Milan Red Cross hospital. In Europe, Hemingway met nurse Agnes Von Kurowsky. He thought they were engaged when he returned to the U.S. on January 21, 1919, but she broke off whatever relationship they had had in March 1919.","In January 1920, the city editor of the Toronto Star agreed to buy Hemingway’s stories on a piece by piece basis as they suited the paper. The paper regularly printed his features on dental schools, prizefights, free shaves, trout fishing, rum-running and, later, on Chicago gangsters. He returned to Chicago in May 1920.","In September 1921, Hemingway married Hadley Richardson at Horton Bay, Michigan. They had planned to live in Italy, but were advised by Sherwood Anderson that a would-be-writer should live in Paris. In January 1922, the couple moved into an apartment in Paris’ Latin Quarter.","The Hemingways later returned to Toronto, where Ernest found that the new editor of the Star did not like him.  His first assignment upon his return was to cover a prison escape. He used one prisoner as the basis for his male, loner, anti-social characters, which later appeared in a number of his stories.","Hemingway’s first son, John Hadley Nicanor, was born in Toronto in October  1923.","Furious with his editor, Hemingway returned to Paris in January 1924, living near Ezra Pound. His mentors and friends in Paris included Pound, Sylvia Beach, and Gertrude Stein. Through these three writers, he got to know every expatriate American writer and new artists in Paris. Hemingway developed an appreciation for the insider, the man who knew the language, food and customs of foreign countries.","Between 1924 and 1929, Hemingway rose from obscurity to being one of the best-known American writers of his generation.  His publications in those years included In our time (1925), his breakthrough novel, (The) Sun also rises (1926), Men without women (1927), and (A) Farewell to arms (1929). He spent his summers in Spain following bullfights and his winters skiing in Switzerland, with Paris as his base.","Hadley divorced Ernest in April 1927. She received lifelong rights to the income from (The) Sun also rises. Hemingway then married Pauline Pfeiffer, with whom he had had an affair for over a year, in May 1927.","Ernest and Pauline returned to the U.S. for the cesarean birth of their son, Patrick, who was born in 1928. Also in 1928, Ernest’s father, Clarence Hemingway, committed suicide.","Pauline and Ernest enjoyed Key West fishing and Wyoming dude ranches. After a year of living in and out of Paris, they moved back to Key West in 1930.","In 1930, the sale of the film rights to (A) Farewell to arms brought Hemingway $24,000. Besides that, they lived on Pauline’s trust fund and Ernest’s income from writing. Her wealthy uncle, Augustus Pfeiffer, paid for their home in Key West and their African safari. Pauline and Ernest’s second son, Gregory, was born in 1931. Hemingway also was paid for his book, Death in the afternoon (1932).","During the 1930s, Hemingway wrote Winner takes nothing (1933), Green hills of Africa (1935), several short stories, and a series of personal essays called “Letters” for Esquire magazine. In September 1937 he reported on the Spanish Civil War in Madrid.  In October 1937, Hemingway was featured on the cover of Time magazine and wrote To have and have not. Hemingway also wrote a narrative to the film (The) Spanish earth and wrote his only play, (The) Fifth column (1938).","By February 1939, his marriage to Pauline was essentially over. He had an affair with Martha Gellhorn since 1937. Hemingway moved to Havana and began For whom the bell tolls. On December 24, 1939, Ernest and Martha moved to La Finca Vigia, a house with property outside of Havana. There, he finished For whom the bell tolls, which was released to ecstatic reviews on October 21, 1940. Four days later Paramount Pictures offered Hemingway $100,000 for the film rights. In early November 1940, Pauline’s divorce suit against Ernest on the grounds of desertion was granted. He married Martha Gellhorn a few weeks later.","During World War II, Hemingway suffered with the beginning of severe depression and had a long block in his writing ability. Except for writing an introduction of Men at war (1942) he wrote nothing until 1944. In April 1944 he began work as a war correspondent for Collier’s, displacing Martha. By late May 1944 Hemingway’s marriage to Martha was basically over and he met Mary Welsh Monks, soon to be his fourth wife.","Between June and December 1944, Hemingway deliberately put himself in dangerous positions. He went aboard a landing craft on D-Day, June 6. He twice flew on Royal Air Force missions intercepting German rockets and led a group of French irregulars and unattached GIs towards the liberation of Paris and the Ritz Bar. Two of his essays were published in Collier’s.","In 1945 Hemingway returned to New York and Cuba. Mary joined him in May. In September he sued Martha for divorce on the grounds of desertion. In November the sale of two of his stories for movie rights brought him $112,000.","Hemingway married Mary Welsh Monks in Havana in March 1946. In 1947, he was diagnosed with high blood pressure. From that time forward, Hemingway fought hypertension, diabetes, depression, paranoia, and perhaps hemochromatosis. He also began work on a trilogy, Islands, Garden of Eden, and (A) Moveable feast.","From September 1948 through April 1949, the Hemingways lived in northern Italy. There, he became infatuated with an eighteen-year-old beauty, Adriana Ivancich. Mary tolerated it. In late April the Hemingways returned to Cuba. He wrote Across the river and into the trees (1950), about a dying American colonel and a teenage Venetian beauty. It received overwhelmingly negative reviews. By late 1950 Ivancich and her mother were visiting Finca. Mary wanted out of the marriage, but stayed in it.","In 1951 Hemingway complete the first draft of (The) Old man and the sea and the Islands manuscript.","Grace Hall-Hemingway died in June 1951 and Pauline Hemingway in October 1951. The combination of these deaths was difficult for Hemingway to handle.","Life paid him $40,000 for serial rights and sold five million copies of its September 1, 1952 issue containing (The) Old man and the sea. Scribners sold out 40,000 first run copies of the novella. In April 1953, a film crew arrived in Havana to film the epic. In May, Hemingway was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for fiction for the book.","In June, Ernest and Mary left Havana for Europe and Africa. After surviving a nearly fatal plane crash, the Hemingways recuperated in Venice. In June 1954, they returned to Havana. In October, Hemingway learned that he had been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, but due to ill health, he could not travel to Stockholm.","From 1955 to 1961 Hemingway suffered increasing bad health, and paranoia-ridden depression. He wrote steadily on his trilogy. In January 1959, the Batista government fell to the Castro revolution. The Hemingways, on vacation in the U.S., bought a house in Ketchum, Idaho, from which he could watch the revolution on television.","In 1959, Ernest returned to Spain to cover the bullfights. His mood shifts frightened his wife and bewildered his friends. His health worsened. In November 1960 Hemingway entered Mayo Clinic to be treated for hypertension, an enlarged liver, paranoia, and severe depression. He received shock treatments. By late April 1961 Hemingway had twice attempted suicide.","On July 2, 1961 he blew his head off. Hemingway was survived by his wife, two of his ex-wives, and his three sons. (This information is from American National Biography Online)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials by and about Ernest Hemingway in the collection include numerous periodicals with Articles by or about Hemingway, his books, and movies based on his books; numerous Movie Posters; other Posters of Hemingway, his homes, books, or exhibits about him; Photographs (copies), mostly from movies based on his books and some from the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library; the (Film) \u0026#x2018;Adventures of a Young Man\u0026#x2019;, undated (4 reels): Manuscript Correspondence, four Letters written by Hemingway, one to Jim Gamble written on April 18 and 27, 1919, one dated Oct. 28, 1919 to Ernest's father, Dr. Clarence Hemingway (framed), one dated Nov. 12, 1919 to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway (framed), and one dated 2 Feb. 1960 to his son, J. H. N. Hemingway, as well as copies of two letters written by Hemingway to Owen Wister dated March 1 and 11, 1929 (the originals are in the Library of Congress). Brochures; Advertisements; Exhibit Brochures; Postcards; Auction Catalogs; Sheet Music; Miscellaneous materials. Biographical Information (copies) and ramed Items for exhibits, including posters, photographs, and other materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf particular interest is the first letter (original six p., and a copy) written by Hemingway on April 18 and 27, 1919 to his friend Jim Gamble, the Proctor and Gamble heir, detailing his desire to write even though submissions for publication were rejected, his dashed hopes for marriage, his hunger for recognition, his love of northern Michigan and trout fishing, and notes about people whose company he enjoyed while staying at Windemere Cottage, near Petoskey, Michigan. During this time, Hemingway was recovering from war wounds and a broken heart. The letter is typed with his signature. Included with the letter are copies of two Hemingway letters to Owen Wister, March 1 (6 p.) and 11 (5 p.), 1929, copied from the Library of Congress, and a letter to Henry M. Watts from Theodore Voorhees, December 11, 1979, concerning the copied letters. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second manuscript letter is written by Ernest to \u0026#x201C;Dear Dad\u0026#x201D;, dated October 28. This letter is accompanied by a certificate of authenticity by Ernest Hemingway Mainland dated June 25, 2007. The letter is typed with a signature and handwritten P.S. There are notations on the bottom of the letter \u0026#x201C;Rec\u0026#x2019;d 10/31/[1]919 and ans.[wered] 11/1/[1]919 CH [Clarence Hemingway]. The letter is two pages on one sheet of paper, which is folded in half, p. 1 is on top and p. 2 is underneath and upside down compared to p. 1. In the letter, Ernest notes he had a hard trip up the Missouri to Petoskey, when he traveled to Boyne City to visit Wesley, and that with his \u0026#x201C;typer\u0026#x201D; he is leaving Thursday for Petoskey. Ernest also notes that he is working on the \u0026#x201C;Woppian Way\u0026#x201D; and has read several books. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe third letter (original two p. and envelope) written by Hemingway on November 11, 1919, mailed the following day, to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway in Oak Park, Illinois, from Petoskey, Michigan. In this letter, Ernest notes how he has been very ill with a bad sore throat, notes Armistice Day, his prayers for the dead, complains of President Wilson robbing the \u0026#x201C;wops\u0026#x201D; and mentions Fiume. [Fiume was given to Yugoslavia from Italy.]He notes it is a lovely day, the linotypers are on strike so eastern magazines are not accepting articles, that he sent an article to the Post, that he is reading and working a lot, mentions the Bumps, and sends love to his family. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth letter from Ernest at Finca Vigia, Cuba, is addressed to his son \u0026#x201C;Dear Bum,\u0026#x201D; J. H. N. Hemingway in San Francisco, dated 8 February 1960. It is the only handwritten letter and is accompanied by the envelope, which is also handwritten. In the letter Ernest thanks Bun for his letter, and asks him to check on Christmas gifts, which have not yet arrived, and several addresses. Ernest notes he is very busy working on a piece about bull fights and Death in the Afternoon. He also notes that Mary\u0026#x2019;s arm is improving with massage and therapy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiaries (12), 1938, 1951, of George R. Hemingway, Ernest\u0026#x2019;s uncle, are also included in the collection. George worked as a representative of the Charlevoix Country Nursery and lived, with his wife, Anna, in East Jordan, Michigan. (This information is from the collection.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe organizational records, 1990-present, of the Michigan Hemingway Society, including Articles of Incorporations, By-laws, goals and objectives, celebration and conference materials, meeting minutes, financial statements, and other related materials, complete the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the majority of the collection is in English, some of the movie posters are in French, Italian, Spanish, Danish, Polish, and other languages. The collection is ongoing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA later addition (Acc# 73683) is three folders donated by Pat Davis. These include 2012 copies of six photographs or postcards of Horton Bay, mainly buildings and scenic views, Correspondence to Wesley about Ernest and Marcelline being in school, 1905, and  to Mrs. Dilworth, announcing Ernest\u0026#x2019;s engagement, 1921, and sheet music, Song of Welcome, by Grace Hall-Hemingway, 1905. Also included is an announcement card that Dr. Clarence E. Hemingway moved his office to 221 Grove Avenue, 1905.The last folder includes newspaper clippings (copies) of Pat Davis, Dilworth House, and how life when Hemingway was there.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUser Note: The collection has a decidedly musty to lightly moldy smell and patrons with allergies or breathing problems should use the collection with care.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessing Note: Most of the numerous books that came to the Clarke with the collection have been cataloged. Those few books for which no catalog record could be found have been added to this manuscript collection. Later Oversized additions will be added at the end of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials by and about Ernest Hemingway in the collection include numerous periodicals with Articles by or about Hemingway, his books, and movies based on his books; numerous Movie Posters; other Posters of Hemingway, his homes, books, or exhibits about him; Photographs (copies), mostly from movies based on his books and some from the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library; the (Film) ‘Adventures of a Young Man’, undated (4 reels): Manuscript Correspondence, four Letters written by Hemingway, one to Jim Gamble written on April 18 and 27, 1919, one dated Oct. 28, 1919 to Ernest's father, Dr. Clarence Hemingway (framed), one dated Nov. 12, 1919 to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway (framed), and one dated 2 Feb. 1960 to his son, J. H. N. Hemingway, as well as copies of two letters written by Hemingway to Owen Wister dated March 1 and 11, 1929 (the originals are in the Library of Congress). Brochures; Advertisements; Exhibit Brochures; Postcards; Auction Catalogs; Sheet Music; Miscellaneous materials. Biographical Information (copies) and ramed Items for exhibits, including posters, photographs, and other materials.","Of particular interest is the first letter (original six p., and a copy) written by Hemingway on April 18 and 27, 1919 to his friend Jim Gamble, the Proctor and Gamble heir, detailing his desire to write even though submissions for publication were rejected, his dashed hopes for marriage, his hunger for recognition, his love of northern Michigan and trout fishing, and notes about people whose company he enjoyed while staying at Windemere Cottage, near Petoskey, Michigan. During this time, Hemingway was recovering from war wounds and a broken heart. The letter is typed with his signature. Included with the letter are copies of two Hemingway letters to Owen Wister, March 1 (6 p.) and 11 (5 p.), 1929, copied from the Library of Congress, and a letter to Henry M. Watts from Theodore Voorhees, December 11, 1979, concerning the copied letters. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The second manuscript letter is written by Ernest to “Dear Dad”, dated October 28. This letter is accompanied by a certificate of authenticity by Ernest Hemingway Mainland dated June 25, 2007. The letter is typed with a signature and handwritten P.S. There are notations on the bottom of the letter “Rec’d 10/31/[1]919 and ans.[wered] 11/1/[1]919 CH [Clarence Hemingway]. The letter is two pages on one sheet of paper, which is folded in half, p. 1 is on top and p. 2 is underneath and upside down compared to p. 1. In the letter, Ernest notes he had a hard trip up the Missouri to Petoskey, when he traveled to Boyne City to visit Wesley, and that with his “typer” he is leaving Thursday for Petoskey. Ernest also notes that he is working on the “Woppian Way” and has read several books. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The third letter (original two p. and envelope) written by Hemingway on November 11, 1919, mailed the following day, to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway in Oak Park, Illinois, from Petoskey, Michigan. In this letter, Ernest notes how he has been very ill with a bad sore throat, notes Armistice Day, his prayers for the dead, complains of President Wilson robbing the “wops” and mentions Fiume. [Fiume was given to Yugoslavia from Italy.]He notes it is a lovely day, the linotypers are on strike so eastern magazines are not accepting articles, that he sent an article to the Post, that he is reading and working a lot, mentions the Bumps, and sends love to his family. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The fourth letter from Ernest at Finca Vigia, Cuba, is addressed to his son “Dear Bum,” J. H. N. Hemingway in San Francisco, dated 8 February 1960. It is the only handwritten letter and is accompanied by the envelope, which is also handwritten. In the letter Ernest thanks Bun for his letter, and asks him to check on Christmas gifts, which have not yet arrived, and several addresses. Ernest notes he is very busy working on a piece about bull fights and Death in the Afternoon. He also notes that Mary’s arm is improving with massage and therapy.","Diaries (12), 1938, 1951, of George R. Hemingway, Ernest’s uncle, are also included in the collection. George worked as a representative of the Charlevoix Country Nursery and lived, with his wife, Anna, in East Jordan, Michigan. (This information is from the collection.)","The organizational records, 1990-present, of the Michigan Hemingway Society, including Articles of Incorporations, By-laws, goals and objectives, celebration and conference materials, meeting minutes, financial statements, and other related materials, complete the collection.","While the majority of the collection is in English, some of the movie posters are in French, Italian, Spanish, Danish, Polish, and other languages. The collection is ongoing.","A later addition (Acc# 73683) is three folders donated by Pat Davis. These include 2012 copies of six photographs or postcards of Horton Bay, mainly buildings and scenic views, Correspondence to Wesley about Ernest and Marcelline being in school, 1905, and  to Mrs. Dilworth, announcing Ernest’s engagement, 1921, and sheet music, Song of Welcome, by Grace Hall-Hemingway, 1905. Also included is an announcement card that Dr. Clarence E. Hemingway moved his office to 221 Grove Avenue, 1905.The last folder includes newspaper clippings (copies) of Pat Davis, Dilworth House, and how life when Hemingway was there.","User Note: The collection has a decidedly musty to lightly moldy smell and patrons with allergies or breathing problems should use the collection with care.","Processing Note: Most of the numerous books that came to the Clarke with the collection have been cataloged. Those few books for which no catalog record could be found have been added to this manuscript collection. Later Oversized additions will be added at the end of the collection."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract\u003e\nThis artificial collection includes articles by or about Hemingway, movie posters and photographs, manuscript letters, printed and miscellaneous materials about Ernest Hemingway and his books, diaries of Ernest's uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society. \n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["\nThis artificial collection includes articles by or about Hemingway, movie posters and photographs, manuscript letters, printed and miscellaneous materials about Ernest Hemingway and his books, diaries of Ernest's uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society. \n"],"names_ssim":["Clarke Historical Library , Central Michigan University","Michigan Hemingway Society.","Hemingway family.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Biography.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Correspondence.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Criticism and Interpretation.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Farewell to arms.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--For whom the bell tolls.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Cuba--Havana--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Florida--Key West--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Moveable feast.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Old man and the sea.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Portraits--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Sun also rises."],"corpname_ssim":["Clarke Historical Library , Central Michigan University","Michigan Hemingway Society."],"famname_ssim":["Hemingway family."],"persname_ssim":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Biography.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Correspondence.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Criticism and Interpretation.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Farewell to arms.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--For whom the bell tolls.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Cuba--Havana--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Florida--Key West--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Moveable feast.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Old man and the sea.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Portraits--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Sun also rises."],"language_ssim":["The material is in  English"],"total_component_count_is":303,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"ehll--HemingwayErnest","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:25:31.217Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_6d41c5b74bbe02944547f8254426b5bcad2fa9ec"}},{"id":"ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_89b2014e1fe4ec01ba3d1d145d85014278ecdacf","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Auction Catalogs, R. M. Smythe-Ernest Hemingway, “Out of the Lyon’s Den”, 1996","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_89b2014e1fe4ec01ba3d1d145d85014278ecdacf#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"al_89b2014e1fe4ec01ba3d1d145d85014278ecdacf","ref_ssm":["al_89b2014e1fe4ec01ba3d1d145d85014278ecdacf","al_89b2014e1fe4ec01ba3d1d145d85014278ecdacf"],"id":"ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_89b2014e1fe4ec01ba3d1d145d85014278ecdacf","title_filing_ssi":"Auction Catalogs, R. M. Smythe-Ernest Hemingway, “Out of the Lyon’s Den”, 1996","title_ssm":["Auction Catalogs, R. M. Smythe-Ernest Hemingway, “Out of the Lyon’s Den”, 1996"],"title_tesim":["Auction Catalogs, R. M. Smythe-Ernest Hemingway, “Out of the Lyon’s Den”, 1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Auction Catalogs, R. M. Smythe-Ernest Hemingway, “Out of the Lyon’s Den”, 1996"],"text":["Auction Catalogs, R. M. Smythe-Ernest Hemingway, “Out of the Lyon’s Den”, 1996","Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated","Ernest Hemingway Collection","Box 1","Folder 91"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["ehll--HemingwayErnest","al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980"],"parent_ssi":"al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980","parent_ids_ssim":["ehll--HemingwayErnest","ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated","Ernest Hemingway Collection"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated","Ernest Hemingway Collection"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["Central Michigan University Clarke Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":92,"containers_ssim":["Box 1","Folder 91"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#90","_nest_parent_":"ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980","_root_":"ehll--HemingwayErnest","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:25:31.217Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"ehll--HemingwayErnest","title_ssm":["\nErnest Hemingway Collection,\n \n1901, 2014, and undated\n"],"title_tesim":["\nErnest Hemingway Collection,\n \n1901, 2014, and undated\n"],"ead_ssi":"ehll--HemingwayErnest","level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["\nMSS.\n"],"text":["\nMSS.\n","Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated","Authors, American--20th century.","War and society--United States--History--20th century.","World War, 1914-1918--Veterans.","The collection is divided into three series: materials by and about Ernest Hemingway, the diaries of his uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society.","Biography:","Ernest Hemingway was born July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois, the son of Clarence E. Hemingway, a doctor, and Grace Hall-Hemingway, a musician and voice teacher. He had four sisters and a brother. Every summer, the family summered at the family cottage, named Windemere, on Walloon Lake near Petoskey, Michigan.","After Ernest graduated from high school in June 1917, he joined the Missouri Home Guard. Before it was called to active duty, he served as a volunteer ambulance driver for the American Red Cross. On July 8, 1918 Hemingway was wounded by an Austrian trench mortar. He spent the subsequent summer and fall recovering from his leg wounds in the Milan Red Cross hospital. In Europe, Hemingway met nurse Agnes Von Kurowsky. He thought they were engaged when he returned to the U.S. on January 21, 1919, but she broke off whatever relationship they had had in March 1919.","In January 1920, the city editor of the Toronto Star agreed to buy Hemingway’s stories on a piece by piece basis as they suited the paper. The paper regularly printed his features on dental schools, prizefights, free shaves, trout fishing, rum-running and, later, on Chicago gangsters. He returned to Chicago in May 1920.","In September 1921, Hemingway married Hadley Richardson at Horton Bay, Michigan. They had planned to live in Italy, but were advised by Sherwood Anderson that a would-be-writer should live in Paris. In January 1922, the couple moved into an apartment in Paris’ Latin Quarter.","The Hemingways later returned to Toronto, where Ernest found that the new editor of the Star did not like him.  His first assignment upon his return was to cover a prison escape. He used one prisoner as the basis for his male, loner, anti-social characters, which later appeared in a number of his stories.","Hemingway’s first son, John Hadley Nicanor, was born in Toronto in October  1923.","Furious with his editor, Hemingway returned to Paris in January 1924, living near Ezra Pound. His mentors and friends in Paris included Pound, Sylvia Beach, and Gertrude Stein. Through these three writers, he got to know every expatriate American writer and new artists in Paris. Hemingway developed an appreciation for the insider, the man who knew the language, food and customs of foreign countries.","Between 1924 and 1929, Hemingway rose from obscurity to being one of the best-known American writers of his generation.  His publications in those years included In our time (1925), his breakthrough novel, (The) Sun also rises (1926), Men without women (1927), and (A) Farewell to arms (1929). He spent his summers in Spain following bullfights and his winters skiing in Switzerland, with Paris as his base.","Hadley divorced Ernest in April 1927. She received lifelong rights to the income from (The) Sun also rises. Hemingway then married Pauline Pfeiffer, with whom he had had an affair for over a year, in May 1927.","Ernest and Pauline returned to the U.S. for the cesarean birth of their son, Patrick, who was born in 1928. Also in 1928, Ernest’s father, Clarence Hemingway, committed suicide.","Pauline and Ernest enjoyed Key West fishing and Wyoming dude ranches. After a year of living in and out of Paris, they moved back to Key West in 1930.","In 1930, the sale of the film rights to (A) Farewell to arms brought Hemingway $24,000. Besides that, they lived on Pauline’s trust fund and Ernest’s income from writing. Her wealthy uncle, Augustus Pfeiffer, paid for their home in Key West and their African safari. Pauline and Ernest’s second son, Gregory, was born in 1931. Hemingway also was paid for his book, Death in the afternoon (1932).","During the 1930s, Hemingway wrote Winner takes nothing (1933), Green hills of Africa (1935), several short stories, and a series of personal essays called “Letters” for Esquire magazine. In September 1937 he reported on the Spanish Civil War in Madrid.  In October 1937, Hemingway was featured on the cover of Time magazine and wrote To have and have not. Hemingway also wrote a narrative to the film (The) Spanish earth and wrote his only play, (The) Fifth column (1938).","By February 1939, his marriage to Pauline was essentially over. He had an affair with Martha Gellhorn since 1937. Hemingway moved to Havana and began For whom the bell tolls. On December 24, 1939, Ernest and Martha moved to La Finca Vigia, a house with property outside of Havana. There, he finished For whom the bell tolls, which was released to ecstatic reviews on October 21, 1940. Four days later Paramount Pictures offered Hemingway $100,000 for the film rights. In early November 1940, Pauline’s divorce suit against Ernest on the grounds of desertion was granted. He married Martha Gellhorn a few weeks later.","During World War II, Hemingway suffered with the beginning of severe depression and had a long block in his writing ability. Except for writing an introduction of Men at war (1942) he wrote nothing until 1944. In April 1944 he began work as a war correspondent for Collier’s, displacing Martha. By late May 1944 Hemingway’s marriage to Martha was basically over and he met Mary Welsh Monks, soon to be his fourth wife.","Between June and December 1944, Hemingway deliberately put himself in dangerous positions. He went aboard a landing craft on D-Day, June 6. He twice flew on Royal Air Force missions intercepting German rockets and led a group of French irregulars and unattached GIs towards the liberation of Paris and the Ritz Bar. Two of his essays were published in Collier’s.","In 1945 Hemingway returned to New York and Cuba. Mary joined him in May. In September he sued Martha for divorce on the grounds of desertion. In November the sale of two of his stories for movie rights brought him $112,000.","Hemingway married Mary Welsh Monks in Havana in March 1946. In 1947, he was diagnosed with high blood pressure. From that time forward, Hemingway fought hypertension, diabetes, depression, paranoia, and perhaps hemochromatosis. He also began work on a trilogy, Islands, Garden of Eden, and (A) Moveable feast.","From September 1948 through April 1949, the Hemingways lived in northern Italy. There, he became infatuated with an eighteen-year-old beauty, Adriana Ivancich. Mary tolerated it. In late April the Hemingways returned to Cuba. He wrote Across the river and into the trees (1950), about a dying American colonel and a teenage Venetian beauty. It received overwhelmingly negative reviews. By late 1950 Ivancich and her mother were visiting Finca. Mary wanted out of the marriage, but stayed in it.","In 1951 Hemingway complete the first draft of (The) Old man and the sea and the Islands manuscript.","Grace Hall-Hemingway died in June 1951 and Pauline Hemingway in October 1951. The combination of these deaths was difficult for Hemingway to handle.","Life paid him $40,000 for serial rights and sold five million copies of its September 1, 1952 issue containing (The) Old man and the sea. Scribners sold out 40,000 first run copies of the novella. In April 1953, a film crew arrived in Havana to film the epic. In May, Hemingway was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for fiction for the book.","In June, Ernest and Mary left Havana for Europe and Africa. After surviving a nearly fatal plane crash, the Hemingways recuperated in Venice. In June 1954, they returned to Havana. In October, Hemingway learned that he had been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, but due to ill health, he could not travel to Stockholm.","From 1955 to 1961 Hemingway suffered increasing bad health, and paranoia-ridden depression. He wrote steadily on his trilogy. In January 1959, the Batista government fell to the Castro revolution. The Hemingways, on vacation in the U.S., bought a house in Ketchum, Idaho, from which he could watch the revolution on television.","In 1959, Ernest returned to Spain to cover the bullfights. His mood shifts frightened his wife and bewildered his friends. His health worsened. In November 1960 Hemingway entered Mayo Clinic to be treated for hypertension, an enlarged liver, paranoia, and severe depression. He received shock treatments. By late April 1961 Hemingway had twice attempted suicide.","On July 2, 1961 he blew his head off. Hemingway was survived by his wife, two of his ex-wives, and his three sons. (This information is from American National Biography Online).","Materials by and about Ernest Hemingway in the collection include numerous periodicals with Articles by or about Hemingway, his books, and movies based on his books; numerous Movie Posters; other Posters of Hemingway, his homes, books, or exhibits about him; Photographs (copies), mostly from movies based on his books and some from the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library; the (Film) ‘Adventures of a Young Man’, undated (4 reels): Manuscript Correspondence, four Letters written by Hemingway, one to Jim Gamble written on April 18 and 27, 1919, one dated Oct. 28, 1919 to Ernest's father, Dr. Clarence Hemingway (framed), one dated Nov. 12, 1919 to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway (framed), and one dated 2 Feb. 1960 to his son, J. H. N. Hemingway, as well as copies of two letters written by Hemingway to Owen Wister dated March 1 and 11, 1929 (the originals are in the Library of Congress). Brochures; Advertisements; Exhibit Brochures; Postcards; Auction Catalogs; Sheet Music; Miscellaneous materials. Biographical Information (copies) and ramed Items for exhibits, including posters, photographs, and other materials.","Of particular interest is the first letter (original six p., and a copy) written by Hemingway on April 18 and 27, 1919 to his friend Jim Gamble, the Proctor and Gamble heir, detailing his desire to write even though submissions for publication were rejected, his dashed hopes for marriage, his hunger for recognition, his love of northern Michigan and trout fishing, and notes about people whose company he enjoyed while staying at Windemere Cottage, near Petoskey, Michigan. During this time, Hemingway was recovering from war wounds and a broken heart. The letter is typed with his signature. Included with the letter are copies of two Hemingway letters to Owen Wister, March 1 (6 p.) and 11 (5 p.), 1929, copied from the Library of Congress, and a letter to Henry M. Watts from Theodore Voorhees, December 11, 1979, concerning the copied letters. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The second manuscript letter is written by Ernest to “Dear Dad”, dated October 28. This letter is accompanied by a certificate of authenticity by Ernest Hemingway Mainland dated June 25, 2007. The letter is typed with a signature and handwritten P.S. There are notations on the bottom of the letter “Rec’d 10/31/[1]919 and ans.[wered] 11/1/[1]919 CH [Clarence Hemingway]. The letter is two pages on one sheet of paper, which is folded in half, p. 1 is on top and p. 2 is underneath and upside down compared to p. 1. In the letter, Ernest notes he had a hard trip up the Missouri to Petoskey, when he traveled to Boyne City to visit Wesley, and that with his “typer” he is leaving Thursday for Petoskey. Ernest also notes that he is working on the “Woppian Way” and has read several books. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The third letter (original two p. and envelope) written by Hemingway on November 11, 1919, mailed the following day, to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway in Oak Park, Illinois, from Petoskey, Michigan. In this letter, Ernest notes how he has been very ill with a bad sore throat, notes Armistice Day, his prayers for the dead, complains of President Wilson robbing the “wops” and mentions Fiume. [Fiume was given to Yugoslavia from Italy.]He notes it is a lovely day, the linotypers are on strike so eastern magazines are not accepting articles, that he sent an article to the Post, that he is reading and working a lot, mentions the Bumps, and sends love to his family. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The fourth letter from Ernest at Finca Vigia, Cuba, is addressed to his son “Dear Bum,” J. H. N. Hemingway in San Francisco, dated 8 February 1960. It is the only handwritten letter and is accompanied by the envelope, which is also handwritten. In the letter Ernest thanks Bun for his letter, and asks him to check on Christmas gifts, which have not yet arrived, and several addresses. Ernest notes he is very busy working on a piece about bull fights and Death in the Afternoon. He also notes that Mary’s arm is improving with massage and therapy.","Diaries (12), 1938, 1951, of George R. Hemingway, Ernest’s uncle, are also included in the collection. George worked as a representative of the Charlevoix Country Nursery and lived, with his wife, Anna, in East Jordan, Michigan. (This information is from the collection.)","The organizational records, 1990-present, of the Michigan Hemingway Society, including Articles of Incorporations, By-laws, goals and objectives, celebration and conference materials, meeting minutes, financial statements, and other related materials, complete the collection.","While the majority of the collection is in English, some of the movie posters are in French, Italian, Spanish, Danish, Polish, and other languages. The collection is ongoing.","A later addition (Acc# 73683) is three folders donated by Pat Davis. These include 2012 copies of six photographs or postcards of Horton Bay, mainly buildings and scenic views, Correspondence to Wesley about Ernest and Marcelline being in school, 1905, and  to Mrs. Dilworth, announcing Ernest’s engagement, 1921, and sheet music, Song of Welcome, by Grace Hall-Hemingway, 1905. Also included is an announcement card that Dr. Clarence E. Hemingway moved his office to 221 Grove Avenue, 1905.The last folder includes newspaper clippings (copies) of Pat Davis, Dilworth House, and how life when Hemingway was there.","User Note: The collection has a decidedly musty to lightly moldy smell and patrons with allergies or breathing problems should use the collection with care.","Processing Note: Most of the numerous books that came to the Clarke with the collection have been cataloged. Those few books for which no catalog record could be found have been added to this manuscript collection. Later Oversized additions will be added at the end of the collection.","\nThis artificial collection includes articles by or about Hemingway, movie posters and photographs, manuscript letters, printed and miscellaneous materials about Ernest Hemingway and his books, diaries of Ernest's uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society. \n","Clarke Historical Library , Central Michigan University","Michigan Hemingway Society.","Hemingway family.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Biography.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Correspondence.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Criticism and Interpretation.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Farewell to arms.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--For whom the bell tolls.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Cuba--Havana--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Florida--Key West--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Moveable feast.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Old man and the sea.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Portraits--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Sun also rises.","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["\nMSS.\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated"],"collection_ssim":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated"],"repository_ssm":["Central Michigan University Clarke Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["Central Michigan University Clarke Historical Library"],"creator_ssm":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961."],"creator_ssim":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961."],"creators_ssim":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961."],"acqinfo_ssim":["\nAcc# many\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Authors, American--20th century.","War and society--United States--History--20th century.","World War, 1914-1918--Veterans."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Authors, American--20th century.","War and society--United States--History--20th century.","World War, 1914-1918--Veterans."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6 cubic feet (in 7 boxes, 8 Oversized folders, 4 reels in 4 boxes, and 52 framed items)"],"extent_tesim":["6 cubic feet (in 7 boxes, 8 Oversized folders, 4 reels in 4 boxes, and 52 framed items)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into three series: materials by and about Ernest Hemingway, the diaries of his uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into three series: materials by and about Ernest Hemingway, the diaries of his uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBiography:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eErnest Hemingway was born July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois, the son of Clarence E. Hemingway, a doctor, and Grace Hall-Hemingway, a musician and voice teacher. He had four sisters and a brother. Every summer, the family summered at the family cottage, named Windemere, on Walloon Lake near Petoskey, Michigan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter Ernest graduated from high school in June 1917, he joined the Missouri Home Guard. Before it was called to active duty, he served as a volunteer ambulance driver for the American Red Cross. On July 8, 1918 Hemingway was wounded by an Austrian trench mortar. He spent the subsequent summer and fall recovering from his leg wounds in the Milan Red Cross hospital. In Europe, Hemingway met nurse Agnes Von Kurowsky. He thought they were engaged when he returned to the U.S. on January 21, 1919, but she broke off whatever relationship they had had in March 1919.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 1920, the city editor of the Toronto Star agreed to buy Hemingway\u0026#x2019;s stories on a piece by piece basis as they suited the paper. The paper regularly printed his features on dental schools, prizefights, free shaves, trout fishing, rum-running and, later, on Chicago gangsters. He returned to Chicago in May 1920.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn September 1921, Hemingway married Hadley Richardson at Horton Bay, Michigan. They had planned to live in Italy, but were advised by Sherwood Anderson that a would-be-writer should live in Paris. In January 1922, the couple moved into an apartment in Paris\u0026#x2019; Latin Quarter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Hemingways later returned to Toronto, where Ernest found that the new editor of the Star did not like him.  His first assignment upon his return was to cover a prison escape. He used one prisoner as the basis for his male, loner, anti-social characters, which later appeared in a number of his stories.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHemingway\u0026#x2019;s first son, John Hadley Nicanor, was born in Toronto in October  1923.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFurious with his editor, Hemingway returned to Paris in January 1924, living near Ezra Pound. His mentors and friends in Paris included Pound, Sylvia Beach, and Gertrude Stein. Through these three writers, he got to know every expatriate American writer and new artists in Paris. Hemingway developed an appreciation for the insider, the man who knew the language, food and customs of foreign countries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBetween 1924 and 1929, Hemingway rose from obscurity to being one of the best-known American writers of his generation.  His publications in those years included In our time (1925), his breakthrough novel, (The) Sun also rises (1926), Men without women (1927), and (A) Farewell to arms (1929). He spent his summers in Spain following bullfights and his winters skiing in Switzerland, with Paris as his base.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHadley divorced Ernest in April 1927. She received lifelong rights to the income from (The) Sun also rises. Hemingway then married Pauline Pfeiffer, with whom he had had an affair for over a year, in May 1927.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eErnest and Pauline returned to the U.S. for the cesarean birth of their son, Patrick, who was born in 1928. Also in 1928, Ernest\u0026#x2019;s father, Clarence Hemingway, committed suicide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePauline and Ernest enjoyed Key West fishing and Wyoming dude ranches. After a year of living in and out of Paris, they moved back to Key West in 1930.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1930, the sale of the film rights to (A) Farewell to arms brought Hemingway $24,000. Besides that, they lived on Pauline\u0026#x2019;s trust fund and Ernest\u0026#x2019;s income from writing. Her wealthy uncle, Augustus Pfeiffer, paid for their home in Key West and their African safari. Pauline and Ernest\u0026#x2019;s second son, Gregory, was born in 1931. Hemingway also was paid for his book, Death in the afternoon (1932).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1930s, Hemingway wrote Winner takes nothing (1933), Green hills of Africa (1935), several short stories, and a series of personal essays called \u0026#x201C;Letters\u0026#x201D; for Esquire magazine. In September 1937 he reported on the Spanish Civil War in Madrid.  In October 1937, Hemingway was featured on the cover of Time magazine and wrote To have and have not. Hemingway also wrote a narrative to the film (The) Spanish earth and wrote his only play, (The) Fifth column (1938).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy February 1939, his marriage to Pauline was essentially over. He had an affair with Martha Gellhorn since 1937. Hemingway moved to Havana and began For whom the bell tolls. On December 24, 1939, Ernest and Martha moved to La Finca Vigia, a house with property outside of Havana. There, he finished For whom the bell tolls, which was released to ecstatic reviews on October 21, 1940. Four days later Paramount Pictures offered Hemingway $100,000 for the film rights. In early November 1940, Pauline\u0026#x2019;s divorce suit against Ernest on the grounds of desertion was granted. He married Martha Gellhorn a few weeks later.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, Hemingway suffered with the beginning of severe depression and had a long block in his writing ability. Except for writing an introduction of Men at war (1942) he wrote nothing until 1944. In April 1944 he began work as a war correspondent for Collier\u0026#x2019;s, displacing Martha. By late May 1944 Hemingway\u0026#x2019;s marriage to Martha was basically over and he met Mary Welsh Monks, soon to be his fourth wife.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBetween June and December 1944, Hemingway deliberately put himself in dangerous positions. He went aboard a landing craft on D-Day, June 6. He twice flew on Royal Air Force missions intercepting German rockets and led a group of French irregulars and unattached GIs towards the liberation of Paris and the Ritz Bar. Two of his essays were published in Collier\u0026#x2019;s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1945 Hemingway returned to New York and Cuba. Mary joined him in May. In September he sued Martha for divorce on the grounds of desertion. In November the sale of two of his stories for movie rights brought him $112,000.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHemingway married Mary Welsh Monks in Havana in March 1946. In 1947, he was diagnosed with high blood pressure. From that time forward, Hemingway fought hypertension, diabetes, depression, paranoia, and perhaps hemochromatosis. He also began work on a trilogy, Islands, Garden of Eden, and (A) Moveable feast.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom September 1948 through April 1949, the Hemingways lived in northern Italy. There, he became infatuated with an eighteen-year-old beauty, Adriana Ivancich. Mary tolerated it. In late April the Hemingways returned to Cuba. He wrote Across the river and into the trees (1950), about a dying American colonel and a teenage Venetian beauty. It received overwhelmingly negative reviews. By late 1950 Ivancich and her mother were visiting Finca. Mary wanted out of the marriage, but stayed in it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1951 Hemingway complete the first draft of (The) Old man and the sea and the Islands manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGrace Hall-Hemingway died in June 1951 and Pauline Hemingway in October 1951. The combination of these deaths was difficult for Hemingway to handle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLife paid him $40,000 for serial rights and sold five million copies of its September 1, 1952 issue containing (The) Old man and the sea. Scribners sold out 40,000 first run copies of the novella. In April 1953, a film crew arrived in Havana to film the epic. In May, Hemingway was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for fiction for the book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn June, Ernest and Mary left Havana for Europe and Africa. After surviving a nearly fatal plane crash, the Hemingways recuperated in Venice. In June 1954, they returned to Havana. In October, Hemingway learned that he had been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, but due to ill health, he could not travel to Stockholm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1955 to 1961 Hemingway suffered increasing bad health, and paranoia-ridden depression. He wrote steadily on his trilogy. In January 1959, the Batista government fell to the Castro revolution. The Hemingways, on vacation in the U.S., bought a house in Ketchum, Idaho, from which he could watch the revolution on television.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1959, Ernest returned to Spain to cover the bullfights. His mood shifts frightened his wife and bewildered his friends. His health worsened. In November 1960 Hemingway entered Mayo Clinic to be treated for hypertension, an enlarged liver, paranoia, and severe depression. He received shock treatments. By late April 1961 Hemingway had twice attempted suicide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn July 2, 1961 he blew his head off. Hemingway was survived by his wife, two of his ex-wives, and his three sons. (This information is from American National Biography Online).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_tesim":["Biography:","Ernest Hemingway was born July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois, the son of Clarence E. Hemingway, a doctor, and Grace Hall-Hemingway, a musician and voice teacher. He had four sisters and a brother. Every summer, the family summered at the family cottage, named Windemere, on Walloon Lake near Petoskey, Michigan.","After Ernest graduated from high school in June 1917, he joined the Missouri Home Guard. Before it was called to active duty, he served as a volunteer ambulance driver for the American Red Cross. On July 8, 1918 Hemingway was wounded by an Austrian trench mortar. He spent the subsequent summer and fall recovering from his leg wounds in the Milan Red Cross hospital. In Europe, Hemingway met nurse Agnes Von Kurowsky. He thought they were engaged when he returned to the U.S. on January 21, 1919, but she broke off whatever relationship they had had in March 1919.","In January 1920, the city editor of the Toronto Star agreed to buy Hemingway’s stories on a piece by piece basis as they suited the paper. The paper regularly printed his features on dental schools, prizefights, free shaves, trout fishing, rum-running and, later, on Chicago gangsters. He returned to Chicago in May 1920.","In September 1921, Hemingway married Hadley Richardson at Horton Bay, Michigan. They had planned to live in Italy, but were advised by Sherwood Anderson that a would-be-writer should live in Paris. In January 1922, the couple moved into an apartment in Paris’ Latin Quarter.","The Hemingways later returned to Toronto, where Ernest found that the new editor of the Star did not like him.  His first assignment upon his return was to cover a prison escape. He used one prisoner as the basis for his male, loner, anti-social characters, which later appeared in a number of his stories.","Hemingway’s first son, John Hadley Nicanor, was born in Toronto in October  1923.","Furious with his editor, Hemingway returned to Paris in January 1924, living near Ezra Pound. His mentors and friends in Paris included Pound, Sylvia Beach, and Gertrude Stein. Through these three writers, he got to know every expatriate American writer and new artists in Paris. Hemingway developed an appreciation for the insider, the man who knew the language, food and customs of foreign countries.","Between 1924 and 1929, Hemingway rose from obscurity to being one of the best-known American writers of his generation.  His publications in those years included In our time (1925), his breakthrough novel, (The) Sun also rises (1926), Men without women (1927), and (A) Farewell to arms (1929). He spent his summers in Spain following bullfights and his winters skiing in Switzerland, with Paris as his base.","Hadley divorced Ernest in April 1927. She received lifelong rights to the income from (The) Sun also rises. Hemingway then married Pauline Pfeiffer, with whom he had had an affair for over a year, in May 1927.","Ernest and Pauline returned to the U.S. for the cesarean birth of their son, Patrick, who was born in 1928. Also in 1928, Ernest’s father, Clarence Hemingway, committed suicide.","Pauline and Ernest enjoyed Key West fishing and Wyoming dude ranches. After a year of living in and out of Paris, they moved back to Key West in 1930.","In 1930, the sale of the film rights to (A) Farewell to arms brought Hemingway $24,000. Besides that, they lived on Pauline’s trust fund and Ernest’s income from writing. Her wealthy uncle, Augustus Pfeiffer, paid for their home in Key West and their African safari. Pauline and Ernest’s second son, Gregory, was born in 1931. Hemingway also was paid for his book, Death in the afternoon (1932).","During the 1930s, Hemingway wrote Winner takes nothing (1933), Green hills of Africa (1935), several short stories, and a series of personal essays called “Letters” for Esquire magazine. In September 1937 he reported on the Spanish Civil War in Madrid.  In October 1937, Hemingway was featured on the cover of Time magazine and wrote To have and have not. Hemingway also wrote a narrative to the film (The) Spanish earth and wrote his only play, (The) Fifth column (1938).","By February 1939, his marriage to Pauline was essentially over. He had an affair with Martha Gellhorn since 1937. Hemingway moved to Havana and began For whom the bell tolls. On December 24, 1939, Ernest and Martha moved to La Finca Vigia, a house with property outside of Havana. There, he finished For whom the bell tolls, which was released to ecstatic reviews on October 21, 1940. Four days later Paramount Pictures offered Hemingway $100,000 for the film rights. In early November 1940, Pauline’s divorce suit against Ernest on the grounds of desertion was granted. He married Martha Gellhorn a few weeks later.","During World War II, Hemingway suffered with the beginning of severe depression and had a long block in his writing ability. Except for writing an introduction of Men at war (1942) he wrote nothing until 1944. In April 1944 he began work as a war correspondent for Collier’s, displacing Martha. By late May 1944 Hemingway’s marriage to Martha was basically over and he met Mary Welsh Monks, soon to be his fourth wife.","Between June and December 1944, Hemingway deliberately put himself in dangerous positions. He went aboard a landing craft on D-Day, June 6. He twice flew on Royal Air Force missions intercepting German rockets and led a group of French irregulars and unattached GIs towards the liberation of Paris and the Ritz Bar. Two of his essays were published in Collier’s.","In 1945 Hemingway returned to New York and Cuba. Mary joined him in May. In September he sued Martha for divorce on the grounds of desertion. In November the sale of two of his stories for movie rights brought him $112,000.","Hemingway married Mary Welsh Monks in Havana in March 1946. In 1947, he was diagnosed with high blood pressure. From that time forward, Hemingway fought hypertension, diabetes, depression, paranoia, and perhaps hemochromatosis. He also began work on a trilogy, Islands, Garden of Eden, and (A) Moveable feast.","From September 1948 through April 1949, the Hemingways lived in northern Italy. There, he became infatuated with an eighteen-year-old beauty, Adriana Ivancich. Mary tolerated it. In late April the Hemingways returned to Cuba. He wrote Across the river and into the trees (1950), about a dying American colonel and a teenage Venetian beauty. It received overwhelmingly negative reviews. By late 1950 Ivancich and her mother were visiting Finca. Mary wanted out of the marriage, but stayed in it.","In 1951 Hemingway complete the first draft of (The) Old man and the sea and the Islands manuscript.","Grace Hall-Hemingway died in June 1951 and Pauline Hemingway in October 1951. The combination of these deaths was difficult for Hemingway to handle.","Life paid him $40,000 for serial rights and sold five million copies of its September 1, 1952 issue containing (The) Old man and the sea. Scribners sold out 40,000 first run copies of the novella. In April 1953, a film crew arrived in Havana to film the epic. In May, Hemingway was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for fiction for the book.","In June, Ernest and Mary left Havana for Europe and Africa. After surviving a nearly fatal plane crash, the Hemingways recuperated in Venice. In June 1954, they returned to Havana. In October, Hemingway learned that he had been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, but due to ill health, he could not travel to Stockholm.","From 1955 to 1961 Hemingway suffered increasing bad health, and paranoia-ridden depression. He wrote steadily on his trilogy. In January 1959, the Batista government fell to the Castro revolution. The Hemingways, on vacation in the U.S., bought a house in Ketchum, Idaho, from which he could watch the revolution on television.","In 1959, Ernest returned to Spain to cover the bullfights. His mood shifts frightened his wife and bewildered his friends. His health worsened. In November 1960 Hemingway entered Mayo Clinic to be treated for hypertension, an enlarged liver, paranoia, and severe depression. He received shock treatments. By late April 1961 Hemingway had twice attempted suicide.","On July 2, 1961 he blew his head off. Hemingway was survived by his wife, two of his ex-wives, and his three sons. (This information is from American National Biography Online)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials by and about Ernest Hemingway in the collection include numerous periodicals with Articles by or about Hemingway, his books, and movies based on his books; numerous Movie Posters; other Posters of Hemingway, his homes, books, or exhibits about him; Photographs (copies), mostly from movies based on his books and some from the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library; the (Film) \u0026#x2018;Adventures of a Young Man\u0026#x2019;, undated (4 reels): Manuscript Correspondence, four Letters written by Hemingway, one to Jim Gamble written on April 18 and 27, 1919, one dated Oct. 28, 1919 to Ernest's father, Dr. Clarence Hemingway (framed), one dated Nov. 12, 1919 to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway (framed), and one dated 2 Feb. 1960 to his son, J. H. N. Hemingway, as well as copies of two letters written by Hemingway to Owen Wister dated March 1 and 11, 1929 (the originals are in the Library of Congress). Brochures; Advertisements; Exhibit Brochures; Postcards; Auction Catalogs; Sheet Music; Miscellaneous materials. Biographical Information (copies) and ramed Items for exhibits, including posters, photographs, and other materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf particular interest is the first letter (original six p., and a copy) written by Hemingway on April 18 and 27, 1919 to his friend Jim Gamble, the Proctor and Gamble heir, detailing his desire to write even though submissions for publication were rejected, his dashed hopes for marriage, his hunger for recognition, his love of northern Michigan and trout fishing, and notes about people whose company he enjoyed while staying at Windemere Cottage, near Petoskey, Michigan. During this time, Hemingway was recovering from war wounds and a broken heart. The letter is typed with his signature. Included with the letter are copies of two Hemingway letters to Owen Wister, March 1 (6 p.) and 11 (5 p.), 1929, copied from the Library of Congress, and a letter to Henry M. Watts from Theodore Voorhees, December 11, 1979, concerning the copied letters. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second manuscript letter is written by Ernest to \u0026#x201C;Dear Dad\u0026#x201D;, dated October 28. This letter is accompanied by a certificate of authenticity by Ernest Hemingway Mainland dated June 25, 2007. The letter is typed with a signature and handwritten P.S. There are notations on the bottom of the letter \u0026#x201C;Rec\u0026#x2019;d 10/31/[1]919 and ans.[wered] 11/1/[1]919 CH [Clarence Hemingway]. The letter is two pages on one sheet of paper, which is folded in half, p. 1 is on top and p. 2 is underneath and upside down compared to p. 1. In the letter, Ernest notes he had a hard trip up the Missouri to Petoskey, when he traveled to Boyne City to visit Wesley, and that with his \u0026#x201C;typer\u0026#x201D; he is leaving Thursday for Petoskey. Ernest also notes that he is working on the \u0026#x201C;Woppian Way\u0026#x201D; and has read several books. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe third letter (original two p. and envelope) written by Hemingway on November 11, 1919, mailed the following day, to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway in Oak Park, Illinois, from Petoskey, Michigan. In this letter, Ernest notes how he has been very ill with a bad sore throat, notes Armistice Day, his prayers for the dead, complains of President Wilson robbing the \u0026#x201C;wops\u0026#x201D; and mentions Fiume. [Fiume was given to Yugoslavia from Italy.]He notes it is a lovely day, the linotypers are on strike so eastern magazines are not accepting articles, that he sent an article to the Post, that he is reading and working a lot, mentions the Bumps, and sends love to his family. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth letter from Ernest at Finca Vigia, Cuba, is addressed to his son \u0026#x201C;Dear Bum,\u0026#x201D; J. H. N. Hemingway in San Francisco, dated 8 February 1960. It is the only handwritten letter and is accompanied by the envelope, which is also handwritten. In the letter Ernest thanks Bun for his letter, and asks him to check on Christmas gifts, which have not yet arrived, and several addresses. Ernest notes he is very busy working on a piece about bull fights and Death in the Afternoon. He also notes that Mary\u0026#x2019;s arm is improving with massage and therapy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiaries (12), 1938, 1951, of George R. Hemingway, Ernest\u0026#x2019;s uncle, are also included in the collection. George worked as a representative of the Charlevoix Country Nursery and lived, with his wife, Anna, in East Jordan, Michigan. (This information is from the collection.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe organizational records, 1990-present, of the Michigan Hemingway Society, including Articles of Incorporations, By-laws, goals and objectives, celebration and conference materials, meeting minutes, financial statements, and other related materials, complete the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the majority of the collection is in English, some of the movie posters are in French, Italian, Spanish, Danish, Polish, and other languages. The collection is ongoing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA later addition (Acc# 73683) is three folders donated by Pat Davis. These include 2012 copies of six photographs or postcards of Horton Bay, mainly buildings and scenic views, Correspondence to Wesley about Ernest and Marcelline being in school, 1905, and  to Mrs. Dilworth, announcing Ernest\u0026#x2019;s engagement, 1921, and sheet music, Song of Welcome, by Grace Hall-Hemingway, 1905. Also included is an announcement card that Dr. Clarence E. Hemingway moved his office to 221 Grove Avenue, 1905.The last folder includes newspaper clippings (copies) of Pat Davis, Dilworth House, and how life when Hemingway was there.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUser Note: The collection has a decidedly musty to lightly moldy smell and patrons with allergies or breathing problems should use the collection with care.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessing Note: Most of the numerous books that came to the Clarke with the collection have been cataloged. Those few books for which no catalog record could be found have been added to this manuscript collection. Later Oversized additions will be added at the end of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials by and about Ernest Hemingway in the collection include numerous periodicals with Articles by or about Hemingway, his books, and movies based on his books; numerous Movie Posters; other Posters of Hemingway, his homes, books, or exhibits about him; Photographs (copies), mostly from movies based on his books and some from the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library; the (Film) ‘Adventures of a Young Man’, undated (4 reels): Manuscript Correspondence, four Letters written by Hemingway, one to Jim Gamble written on April 18 and 27, 1919, one dated Oct. 28, 1919 to Ernest's father, Dr. Clarence Hemingway (framed), one dated Nov. 12, 1919 to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway (framed), and one dated 2 Feb. 1960 to his son, J. H. N. Hemingway, as well as copies of two letters written by Hemingway to Owen Wister dated March 1 and 11, 1929 (the originals are in the Library of Congress). Brochures; Advertisements; Exhibit Brochures; Postcards; Auction Catalogs; Sheet Music; Miscellaneous materials. Biographical Information (copies) and ramed Items for exhibits, including posters, photographs, and other materials.","Of particular interest is the first letter (original six p., and a copy) written by Hemingway on April 18 and 27, 1919 to his friend Jim Gamble, the Proctor and Gamble heir, detailing his desire to write even though submissions for publication were rejected, his dashed hopes for marriage, his hunger for recognition, his love of northern Michigan and trout fishing, and notes about people whose company he enjoyed while staying at Windemere Cottage, near Petoskey, Michigan. During this time, Hemingway was recovering from war wounds and a broken heart. The letter is typed with his signature. Included with the letter are copies of two Hemingway letters to Owen Wister, March 1 (6 p.) and 11 (5 p.), 1929, copied from the Library of Congress, and a letter to Henry M. Watts from Theodore Voorhees, December 11, 1979, concerning the copied letters. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The second manuscript letter is written by Ernest to “Dear Dad”, dated October 28. This letter is accompanied by a certificate of authenticity by Ernest Hemingway Mainland dated June 25, 2007. The letter is typed with a signature and handwritten P.S. There are notations on the bottom of the letter “Rec’d 10/31/[1]919 and ans.[wered] 11/1/[1]919 CH [Clarence Hemingway]. The letter is two pages on one sheet of paper, which is folded in half, p. 1 is on top and p. 2 is underneath and upside down compared to p. 1. In the letter, Ernest notes he had a hard trip up the Missouri to Petoskey, when he traveled to Boyne City to visit Wesley, and that with his “typer” he is leaving Thursday for Petoskey. Ernest also notes that he is working on the “Woppian Way” and has read several books. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The third letter (original two p. and envelope) written by Hemingway on November 11, 1919, mailed the following day, to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway in Oak Park, Illinois, from Petoskey, Michigan. In this letter, Ernest notes how he has been very ill with a bad sore throat, notes Armistice Day, his prayers for the dead, complains of President Wilson robbing the “wops” and mentions Fiume. [Fiume was given to Yugoslavia from Italy.]He notes it is a lovely day, the linotypers are on strike so eastern magazines are not accepting articles, that he sent an article to the Post, that he is reading and working a lot, mentions the Bumps, and sends love to his family. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The fourth letter from Ernest at Finca Vigia, Cuba, is addressed to his son “Dear Bum,” J. H. N. Hemingway in San Francisco, dated 8 February 1960. It is the only handwritten letter and is accompanied by the envelope, which is also handwritten. In the letter Ernest thanks Bun for his letter, and asks him to check on Christmas gifts, which have not yet arrived, and several addresses. Ernest notes he is very busy working on a piece about bull fights and Death in the Afternoon. He also notes that Mary’s arm is improving with massage and therapy.","Diaries (12), 1938, 1951, of George R. Hemingway, Ernest’s uncle, are also included in the collection. George worked as a representative of the Charlevoix Country Nursery and lived, with his wife, Anna, in East Jordan, Michigan. (This information is from the collection.)","The organizational records, 1990-present, of the Michigan Hemingway Society, including Articles of Incorporations, By-laws, goals and objectives, celebration and conference materials, meeting minutes, financial statements, and other related materials, complete the collection.","While the majority of the collection is in English, some of the movie posters are in French, Italian, Spanish, Danish, Polish, and other languages. The collection is ongoing.","A later addition (Acc# 73683) is three folders donated by Pat Davis. These include 2012 copies of six photographs or postcards of Horton Bay, mainly buildings and scenic views, Correspondence to Wesley about Ernest and Marcelline being in school, 1905, and  to Mrs. Dilworth, announcing Ernest’s engagement, 1921, and sheet music, Song of Welcome, by Grace Hall-Hemingway, 1905. Also included is an announcement card that Dr. Clarence E. Hemingway moved his office to 221 Grove Avenue, 1905.The last folder includes newspaper clippings (copies) of Pat Davis, Dilworth House, and how life when Hemingway was there.","User Note: The collection has a decidedly musty to lightly moldy smell and patrons with allergies or breathing problems should use the collection with care.","Processing Note: Most of the numerous books that came to the Clarke with the collection have been cataloged. Those few books for which no catalog record could be found have been added to this manuscript collection. Later Oversized additions will be added at the end of the collection."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract\u003e\nThis artificial collection includes articles by or about Hemingway, movie posters and photographs, manuscript letters, printed and miscellaneous materials about Ernest Hemingway and his books, diaries of Ernest's uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society. \n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["\nThis artificial collection includes articles by or about Hemingway, movie posters and photographs, manuscript letters, printed and miscellaneous materials about Ernest Hemingway and his books, diaries of Ernest's uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society. \n"],"names_ssim":["Clarke Historical Library , Central Michigan University","Michigan Hemingway Society.","Hemingway family.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Biography.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Correspondence.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Criticism and Interpretation.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Farewell to arms.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--For whom the bell tolls.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Cuba--Havana--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Florida--Key West--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Moveable feast.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Old man and the sea.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Portraits--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Sun also rises."],"corpname_ssim":["Clarke Historical Library , Central Michigan University","Michigan Hemingway Society."],"famname_ssim":["Hemingway family."],"persname_ssim":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Biography.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Correspondence.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Criticism and Interpretation.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Farewell to arms.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--For whom the bell tolls.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Cuba--Havana--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Florida--Key West--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Moveable feast.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Old man and the sea.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Portraits--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Sun also rises."],"language_ssim":["The material is in  English"],"total_component_count_is":303,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"ehll--HemingwayErnest","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:25:31.217Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_89b2014e1fe4ec01ba3d1d145d85014278ecdacf"}},{"id":"ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_ab6217282bc5ae44dd02f501842c810fab88fd45","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Auction Catalogs, Sotheby’s [catalog]- Hemingway, Ernest, letter to Marcelline, and other items, July 1937, December 10, 2003","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_ab6217282bc5ae44dd02f501842c810fab88fd45#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"al_ab6217282bc5ae44dd02f501842c810fab88fd45","ref_ssm":["al_ab6217282bc5ae44dd02f501842c810fab88fd45","al_ab6217282bc5ae44dd02f501842c810fab88fd45"],"id":"ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_ab6217282bc5ae44dd02f501842c810fab88fd45","title_filing_ssi":"Auction Catalogs, Sotheby’s [catalog]- Hemingway, Ernest, letter to Marcelline, and other items, July 1937, December 10, 2003","title_ssm":["Auction Catalogs, Sotheby’s [catalog]- Hemingway, Ernest, letter to Marcelline, and other items, July 1937, December 10, 2003"],"title_tesim":["Auction Catalogs, Sotheby’s [catalog]- Hemingway, Ernest, letter to Marcelline, and other items, July 1937, December 10, 2003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Auction Catalogs, Sotheby’s [catalog]- Hemingway, Ernest, letter to Marcelline, and other items, July 1937, December 10, 2003"],"text":["Auction Catalogs, Sotheby’s [catalog]- Hemingway, Ernest, letter to Marcelline, and other items, July 1937, December 10, 2003","Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated","Ernest Hemingway Collection","Box 1","Folder 92"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["ehll--HemingwayErnest","al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980"],"parent_ssi":"al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980","parent_ids_ssim":["ehll--HemingwayErnest","ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated","Ernest Hemingway Collection"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated","Ernest Hemingway Collection"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["Central Michigan University Clarke Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":93,"containers_ssim":["Box 1","Folder 92"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#91","_nest_parent_":"ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980","_root_":"ehll--HemingwayErnest","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:25:31.217Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"ehll--HemingwayErnest","title_ssm":["\nErnest Hemingway Collection,\n \n1901, 2014, and undated\n"],"title_tesim":["\nErnest Hemingway Collection,\n \n1901, 2014, and undated\n"],"ead_ssi":"ehll--HemingwayErnest","level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["\nMSS.\n"],"text":["\nMSS.\n","Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated","Authors, American--20th century.","War and society--United States--History--20th century.","World War, 1914-1918--Veterans.","The collection is divided into three series: materials by and about Ernest Hemingway, the diaries of his uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society.","Biography:","Ernest Hemingway was born July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois, the son of Clarence E. Hemingway, a doctor, and Grace Hall-Hemingway, a musician and voice teacher. He had four sisters and a brother. Every summer, the family summered at the family cottage, named Windemere, on Walloon Lake near Petoskey, Michigan.","After Ernest graduated from high school in June 1917, he joined the Missouri Home Guard. Before it was called to active duty, he served as a volunteer ambulance driver for the American Red Cross. On July 8, 1918 Hemingway was wounded by an Austrian trench mortar. He spent the subsequent summer and fall recovering from his leg wounds in the Milan Red Cross hospital. In Europe, Hemingway met nurse Agnes Von Kurowsky. He thought they were engaged when he returned to the U.S. on January 21, 1919, but she broke off whatever relationship they had had in March 1919.","In January 1920, the city editor of the Toronto Star agreed to buy Hemingway’s stories on a piece by piece basis as they suited the paper. The paper regularly printed his features on dental schools, prizefights, free shaves, trout fishing, rum-running and, later, on Chicago gangsters. He returned to Chicago in May 1920.","In September 1921, Hemingway married Hadley Richardson at Horton Bay, Michigan. They had planned to live in Italy, but were advised by Sherwood Anderson that a would-be-writer should live in Paris. In January 1922, the couple moved into an apartment in Paris’ Latin Quarter.","The Hemingways later returned to Toronto, where Ernest found that the new editor of the Star did not like him.  His first assignment upon his return was to cover a prison escape. He used one prisoner as the basis for his male, loner, anti-social characters, which later appeared in a number of his stories.","Hemingway’s first son, John Hadley Nicanor, was born in Toronto in October  1923.","Furious with his editor, Hemingway returned to Paris in January 1924, living near Ezra Pound. His mentors and friends in Paris included Pound, Sylvia Beach, and Gertrude Stein. Through these three writers, he got to know every expatriate American writer and new artists in Paris. Hemingway developed an appreciation for the insider, the man who knew the language, food and customs of foreign countries.","Between 1924 and 1929, Hemingway rose from obscurity to being one of the best-known American writers of his generation.  His publications in those years included In our time (1925), his breakthrough novel, (The) Sun also rises (1926), Men without women (1927), and (A) Farewell to arms (1929). He spent his summers in Spain following bullfights and his winters skiing in Switzerland, with Paris as his base.","Hadley divorced Ernest in April 1927. She received lifelong rights to the income from (The) Sun also rises. Hemingway then married Pauline Pfeiffer, with whom he had had an affair for over a year, in May 1927.","Ernest and Pauline returned to the U.S. for the cesarean birth of their son, Patrick, who was born in 1928. Also in 1928, Ernest’s father, Clarence Hemingway, committed suicide.","Pauline and Ernest enjoyed Key West fishing and Wyoming dude ranches. After a year of living in and out of Paris, they moved back to Key West in 1930.","In 1930, the sale of the film rights to (A) Farewell to arms brought Hemingway $24,000. Besides that, they lived on Pauline’s trust fund and Ernest’s income from writing. Her wealthy uncle, Augustus Pfeiffer, paid for their home in Key West and their African safari. Pauline and Ernest’s second son, Gregory, was born in 1931. Hemingway also was paid for his book, Death in the afternoon (1932).","During the 1930s, Hemingway wrote Winner takes nothing (1933), Green hills of Africa (1935), several short stories, and a series of personal essays called “Letters” for Esquire magazine. In September 1937 he reported on the Spanish Civil War in Madrid.  In October 1937, Hemingway was featured on the cover of Time magazine and wrote To have and have not. Hemingway also wrote a narrative to the film (The) Spanish earth and wrote his only play, (The) Fifth column (1938).","By February 1939, his marriage to Pauline was essentially over. He had an affair with Martha Gellhorn since 1937. Hemingway moved to Havana and began For whom the bell tolls. On December 24, 1939, Ernest and Martha moved to La Finca Vigia, a house with property outside of Havana. There, he finished For whom the bell tolls, which was released to ecstatic reviews on October 21, 1940. Four days later Paramount Pictures offered Hemingway $100,000 for the film rights. In early November 1940, Pauline’s divorce suit against Ernest on the grounds of desertion was granted. He married Martha Gellhorn a few weeks later.","During World War II, Hemingway suffered with the beginning of severe depression and had a long block in his writing ability. Except for writing an introduction of Men at war (1942) he wrote nothing until 1944. In April 1944 he began work as a war correspondent for Collier’s, displacing Martha. By late May 1944 Hemingway’s marriage to Martha was basically over and he met Mary Welsh Monks, soon to be his fourth wife.","Between June and December 1944, Hemingway deliberately put himself in dangerous positions. He went aboard a landing craft on D-Day, June 6. He twice flew on Royal Air Force missions intercepting German rockets and led a group of French irregulars and unattached GIs towards the liberation of Paris and the Ritz Bar. Two of his essays were published in Collier’s.","In 1945 Hemingway returned to New York and Cuba. Mary joined him in May. In September he sued Martha for divorce on the grounds of desertion. In November the sale of two of his stories for movie rights brought him $112,000.","Hemingway married Mary Welsh Monks in Havana in March 1946. In 1947, he was diagnosed with high blood pressure. From that time forward, Hemingway fought hypertension, diabetes, depression, paranoia, and perhaps hemochromatosis. He also began work on a trilogy, Islands, Garden of Eden, and (A) Moveable feast.","From September 1948 through April 1949, the Hemingways lived in northern Italy. There, he became infatuated with an eighteen-year-old beauty, Adriana Ivancich. Mary tolerated it. In late April the Hemingways returned to Cuba. He wrote Across the river and into the trees (1950), about a dying American colonel and a teenage Venetian beauty. It received overwhelmingly negative reviews. By late 1950 Ivancich and her mother were visiting Finca. Mary wanted out of the marriage, but stayed in it.","In 1951 Hemingway complete the first draft of (The) Old man and the sea and the Islands manuscript.","Grace Hall-Hemingway died in June 1951 and Pauline Hemingway in October 1951. The combination of these deaths was difficult for Hemingway to handle.","Life paid him $40,000 for serial rights and sold five million copies of its September 1, 1952 issue containing (The) Old man and the sea. Scribners sold out 40,000 first run copies of the novella. In April 1953, a film crew arrived in Havana to film the epic. In May, Hemingway was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for fiction for the book.","In June, Ernest and Mary left Havana for Europe and Africa. After surviving a nearly fatal plane crash, the Hemingways recuperated in Venice. In June 1954, they returned to Havana. In October, Hemingway learned that he had been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, but due to ill health, he could not travel to Stockholm.","From 1955 to 1961 Hemingway suffered increasing bad health, and paranoia-ridden depression. He wrote steadily on his trilogy. In January 1959, the Batista government fell to the Castro revolution. The Hemingways, on vacation in the U.S., bought a house in Ketchum, Idaho, from which he could watch the revolution on television.","In 1959, Ernest returned to Spain to cover the bullfights. His mood shifts frightened his wife and bewildered his friends. His health worsened. In November 1960 Hemingway entered Mayo Clinic to be treated for hypertension, an enlarged liver, paranoia, and severe depression. He received shock treatments. By late April 1961 Hemingway had twice attempted suicide.","On July 2, 1961 he blew his head off. Hemingway was survived by his wife, two of his ex-wives, and his three sons. (This information is from American National Biography Online).","Materials by and about Ernest Hemingway in the collection include numerous periodicals with Articles by or about Hemingway, his books, and movies based on his books; numerous Movie Posters; other Posters of Hemingway, his homes, books, or exhibits about him; Photographs (copies), mostly from movies based on his books and some from the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library; the (Film) ‘Adventures of a Young Man’, undated (4 reels): Manuscript Correspondence, four Letters written by Hemingway, one to Jim Gamble written on April 18 and 27, 1919, one dated Oct. 28, 1919 to Ernest's father, Dr. Clarence Hemingway (framed), one dated Nov. 12, 1919 to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway (framed), and one dated 2 Feb. 1960 to his son, J. H. N. Hemingway, as well as copies of two letters written by Hemingway to Owen Wister dated March 1 and 11, 1929 (the originals are in the Library of Congress). Brochures; Advertisements; Exhibit Brochures; Postcards; Auction Catalogs; Sheet Music; Miscellaneous materials. Biographical Information (copies) and ramed Items for exhibits, including posters, photographs, and other materials.","Of particular interest is the first letter (original six p., and a copy) written by Hemingway on April 18 and 27, 1919 to his friend Jim Gamble, the Proctor and Gamble heir, detailing his desire to write even though submissions for publication were rejected, his dashed hopes for marriage, his hunger for recognition, his love of northern Michigan and trout fishing, and notes about people whose company he enjoyed while staying at Windemere Cottage, near Petoskey, Michigan. During this time, Hemingway was recovering from war wounds and a broken heart. The letter is typed with his signature. Included with the letter are copies of two Hemingway letters to Owen Wister, March 1 (6 p.) and 11 (5 p.), 1929, copied from the Library of Congress, and a letter to Henry M. Watts from Theodore Voorhees, December 11, 1979, concerning the copied letters. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The second manuscript letter is written by Ernest to “Dear Dad”, dated October 28. This letter is accompanied by a certificate of authenticity by Ernest Hemingway Mainland dated June 25, 2007. The letter is typed with a signature and handwritten P.S. There are notations on the bottom of the letter “Rec’d 10/31/[1]919 and ans.[wered] 11/1/[1]919 CH [Clarence Hemingway]. The letter is two pages on one sheet of paper, which is folded in half, p. 1 is on top and p. 2 is underneath and upside down compared to p. 1. In the letter, Ernest notes he had a hard trip up the Missouri to Petoskey, when he traveled to Boyne City to visit Wesley, and that with his “typer” he is leaving Thursday for Petoskey. Ernest also notes that he is working on the “Woppian Way” and has read several books. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The third letter (original two p. and envelope) written by Hemingway on November 11, 1919, mailed the following day, to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway in Oak Park, Illinois, from Petoskey, Michigan. In this letter, Ernest notes how he has been very ill with a bad sore throat, notes Armistice Day, his prayers for the dead, complains of President Wilson robbing the “wops” and mentions Fiume. [Fiume was given to Yugoslavia from Italy.]He notes it is a lovely day, the linotypers are on strike so eastern magazines are not accepting articles, that he sent an article to the Post, that he is reading and working a lot, mentions the Bumps, and sends love to his family. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The fourth letter from Ernest at Finca Vigia, Cuba, is addressed to his son “Dear Bum,” J. H. N. Hemingway in San Francisco, dated 8 February 1960. It is the only handwritten letter and is accompanied by the envelope, which is also handwritten. In the letter Ernest thanks Bun for his letter, and asks him to check on Christmas gifts, which have not yet arrived, and several addresses. Ernest notes he is very busy working on a piece about bull fights and Death in the Afternoon. He also notes that Mary’s arm is improving with massage and therapy.","Diaries (12), 1938, 1951, of George R. Hemingway, Ernest’s uncle, are also included in the collection. George worked as a representative of the Charlevoix Country Nursery and lived, with his wife, Anna, in East Jordan, Michigan. (This information is from the collection.)","The organizational records, 1990-present, of the Michigan Hemingway Society, including Articles of Incorporations, By-laws, goals and objectives, celebration and conference materials, meeting minutes, financial statements, and other related materials, complete the collection.","While the majority of the collection is in English, some of the movie posters are in French, Italian, Spanish, Danish, Polish, and other languages. The collection is ongoing.","A later addition (Acc# 73683) is three folders donated by Pat Davis. These include 2012 copies of six photographs or postcards of Horton Bay, mainly buildings and scenic views, Correspondence to Wesley about Ernest and Marcelline being in school, 1905, and  to Mrs. Dilworth, announcing Ernest’s engagement, 1921, and sheet music, Song of Welcome, by Grace Hall-Hemingway, 1905. Also included is an announcement card that Dr. Clarence E. Hemingway moved his office to 221 Grove Avenue, 1905.The last folder includes newspaper clippings (copies) of Pat Davis, Dilworth House, and how life when Hemingway was there.","User Note: The collection has a decidedly musty to lightly moldy smell and patrons with allergies or breathing problems should use the collection with care.","Processing Note: Most of the numerous books that came to the Clarke with the collection have been cataloged. Those few books for which no catalog record could be found have been added to this manuscript collection. Later Oversized additions will be added at the end of the collection.","\nThis artificial collection includes articles by or about Hemingway, movie posters and photographs, manuscript letters, printed and miscellaneous materials about Ernest Hemingway and his books, diaries of Ernest's uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society. \n","Clarke Historical Library , Central Michigan University","Michigan Hemingway Society.","Hemingway family.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Biography.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Correspondence.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Criticism and Interpretation.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Farewell to arms.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--For whom the bell tolls.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Cuba--Havana--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Florida--Key West--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Moveable feast.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Old man and the sea.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Portraits--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Sun also rises.","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["\nMSS.\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated"],"collection_ssim":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated"],"repository_ssm":["Central Michigan University Clarke Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["Central Michigan University Clarke Historical Library"],"creator_ssm":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961."],"creator_ssim":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961."],"creators_ssim":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961."],"acqinfo_ssim":["\nAcc# many\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Authors, American--20th century.","War and society--United States--History--20th century.","World War, 1914-1918--Veterans."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Authors, American--20th century.","War and society--United States--History--20th century.","World War, 1914-1918--Veterans."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6 cubic feet (in 7 boxes, 8 Oversized folders, 4 reels in 4 boxes, and 52 framed items)"],"extent_tesim":["6 cubic feet (in 7 boxes, 8 Oversized folders, 4 reels in 4 boxes, and 52 framed items)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into three series: materials by and about Ernest Hemingway, the diaries of his uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into three series: materials by and about Ernest Hemingway, the diaries of his uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBiography:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eErnest Hemingway was born July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois, the son of Clarence E. Hemingway, a doctor, and Grace Hall-Hemingway, a musician and voice teacher. He had four sisters and a brother. Every summer, the family summered at the family cottage, named Windemere, on Walloon Lake near Petoskey, Michigan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter Ernest graduated from high school in June 1917, he joined the Missouri Home Guard. Before it was called to active duty, he served as a volunteer ambulance driver for the American Red Cross. On July 8, 1918 Hemingway was wounded by an Austrian trench mortar. He spent the subsequent summer and fall recovering from his leg wounds in the Milan Red Cross hospital. In Europe, Hemingway met nurse Agnes Von Kurowsky. He thought they were engaged when he returned to the U.S. on January 21, 1919, but she broke off whatever relationship they had had in March 1919.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 1920, the city editor of the Toronto Star agreed to buy Hemingway\u0026#x2019;s stories on a piece by piece basis as they suited the paper. The paper regularly printed his features on dental schools, prizefights, free shaves, trout fishing, rum-running and, later, on Chicago gangsters. He returned to Chicago in May 1920.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn September 1921, Hemingway married Hadley Richardson at Horton Bay, Michigan. They had planned to live in Italy, but were advised by Sherwood Anderson that a would-be-writer should live in Paris. In January 1922, the couple moved into an apartment in Paris\u0026#x2019; Latin Quarter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Hemingways later returned to Toronto, where Ernest found that the new editor of the Star did not like him.  His first assignment upon his return was to cover a prison escape. He used one prisoner as the basis for his male, loner, anti-social characters, which later appeared in a number of his stories.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHemingway\u0026#x2019;s first son, John Hadley Nicanor, was born in Toronto in October  1923.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFurious with his editor, Hemingway returned to Paris in January 1924, living near Ezra Pound. His mentors and friends in Paris included Pound, Sylvia Beach, and Gertrude Stein. Through these three writers, he got to know every expatriate American writer and new artists in Paris. Hemingway developed an appreciation for the insider, the man who knew the language, food and customs of foreign countries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBetween 1924 and 1929, Hemingway rose from obscurity to being one of the best-known American writers of his generation.  His publications in those years included In our time (1925), his breakthrough novel, (The) Sun also rises (1926), Men without women (1927), and (A) Farewell to arms (1929). He spent his summers in Spain following bullfights and his winters skiing in Switzerland, with Paris as his base.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHadley divorced Ernest in April 1927. She received lifelong rights to the income from (The) Sun also rises. Hemingway then married Pauline Pfeiffer, with whom he had had an affair for over a year, in May 1927.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eErnest and Pauline returned to the U.S. for the cesarean birth of their son, Patrick, who was born in 1928. Also in 1928, Ernest\u0026#x2019;s father, Clarence Hemingway, committed suicide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePauline and Ernest enjoyed Key West fishing and Wyoming dude ranches. After a year of living in and out of Paris, they moved back to Key West in 1930.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1930, the sale of the film rights to (A) Farewell to arms brought Hemingway $24,000. Besides that, they lived on Pauline\u0026#x2019;s trust fund and Ernest\u0026#x2019;s income from writing. Her wealthy uncle, Augustus Pfeiffer, paid for their home in Key West and their African safari. Pauline and Ernest\u0026#x2019;s second son, Gregory, was born in 1931. Hemingway also was paid for his book, Death in the afternoon (1932).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1930s, Hemingway wrote Winner takes nothing (1933), Green hills of Africa (1935), several short stories, and a series of personal essays called \u0026#x201C;Letters\u0026#x201D; for Esquire magazine. In September 1937 he reported on the Spanish Civil War in Madrid.  In October 1937, Hemingway was featured on the cover of Time magazine and wrote To have and have not. Hemingway also wrote a narrative to the film (The) Spanish earth and wrote his only play, (The) Fifth column (1938).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy February 1939, his marriage to Pauline was essentially over. He had an affair with Martha Gellhorn since 1937. Hemingway moved to Havana and began For whom the bell tolls. On December 24, 1939, Ernest and Martha moved to La Finca Vigia, a house with property outside of Havana. There, he finished For whom the bell tolls, which was released to ecstatic reviews on October 21, 1940. Four days later Paramount Pictures offered Hemingway $100,000 for the film rights. In early November 1940, Pauline\u0026#x2019;s divorce suit against Ernest on the grounds of desertion was granted. He married Martha Gellhorn a few weeks later.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, Hemingway suffered with the beginning of severe depression and had a long block in his writing ability. Except for writing an introduction of Men at war (1942) he wrote nothing until 1944. In April 1944 he began work as a war correspondent for Collier\u0026#x2019;s, displacing Martha. By late May 1944 Hemingway\u0026#x2019;s marriage to Martha was basically over and he met Mary Welsh Monks, soon to be his fourth wife.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBetween June and December 1944, Hemingway deliberately put himself in dangerous positions. He went aboard a landing craft on D-Day, June 6. He twice flew on Royal Air Force missions intercepting German rockets and led a group of French irregulars and unattached GIs towards the liberation of Paris and the Ritz Bar. Two of his essays were published in Collier\u0026#x2019;s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1945 Hemingway returned to New York and Cuba. Mary joined him in May. In September he sued Martha for divorce on the grounds of desertion. In November the sale of two of his stories for movie rights brought him $112,000.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHemingway married Mary Welsh Monks in Havana in March 1946. In 1947, he was diagnosed with high blood pressure. From that time forward, Hemingway fought hypertension, diabetes, depression, paranoia, and perhaps hemochromatosis. He also began work on a trilogy, Islands, Garden of Eden, and (A) Moveable feast.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom September 1948 through April 1949, the Hemingways lived in northern Italy. There, he became infatuated with an eighteen-year-old beauty, Adriana Ivancich. Mary tolerated it. In late April the Hemingways returned to Cuba. He wrote Across the river and into the trees (1950), about a dying American colonel and a teenage Venetian beauty. It received overwhelmingly negative reviews. By late 1950 Ivancich and her mother were visiting Finca. Mary wanted out of the marriage, but stayed in it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1951 Hemingway complete the first draft of (The) Old man and the sea and the Islands manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGrace Hall-Hemingway died in June 1951 and Pauline Hemingway in October 1951. The combination of these deaths was difficult for Hemingway to handle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLife paid him $40,000 for serial rights and sold five million copies of its September 1, 1952 issue containing (The) Old man and the sea. Scribners sold out 40,000 first run copies of the novella. In April 1953, a film crew arrived in Havana to film the epic. In May, Hemingway was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for fiction for the book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn June, Ernest and Mary left Havana for Europe and Africa. After surviving a nearly fatal plane crash, the Hemingways recuperated in Venice. In June 1954, they returned to Havana. In October, Hemingway learned that he had been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, but due to ill health, he could not travel to Stockholm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1955 to 1961 Hemingway suffered increasing bad health, and paranoia-ridden depression. He wrote steadily on his trilogy. In January 1959, the Batista government fell to the Castro revolution. The Hemingways, on vacation in the U.S., bought a house in Ketchum, Idaho, from which he could watch the revolution on television.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1959, Ernest returned to Spain to cover the bullfights. His mood shifts frightened his wife and bewildered his friends. His health worsened. In November 1960 Hemingway entered Mayo Clinic to be treated for hypertension, an enlarged liver, paranoia, and severe depression. He received shock treatments. By late April 1961 Hemingway had twice attempted suicide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn July 2, 1961 he blew his head off. Hemingway was survived by his wife, two of his ex-wives, and his three sons. (This information is from American National Biography Online).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_tesim":["Biography:","Ernest Hemingway was born July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois, the son of Clarence E. Hemingway, a doctor, and Grace Hall-Hemingway, a musician and voice teacher. He had four sisters and a brother. Every summer, the family summered at the family cottage, named Windemere, on Walloon Lake near Petoskey, Michigan.","After Ernest graduated from high school in June 1917, he joined the Missouri Home Guard. Before it was called to active duty, he served as a volunteer ambulance driver for the American Red Cross. On July 8, 1918 Hemingway was wounded by an Austrian trench mortar. He spent the subsequent summer and fall recovering from his leg wounds in the Milan Red Cross hospital. In Europe, Hemingway met nurse Agnes Von Kurowsky. He thought they were engaged when he returned to the U.S. on January 21, 1919, but she broke off whatever relationship they had had in March 1919.","In January 1920, the city editor of the Toronto Star agreed to buy Hemingway’s stories on a piece by piece basis as they suited the paper. The paper regularly printed his features on dental schools, prizefights, free shaves, trout fishing, rum-running and, later, on Chicago gangsters. He returned to Chicago in May 1920.","In September 1921, Hemingway married Hadley Richardson at Horton Bay, Michigan. They had planned to live in Italy, but were advised by Sherwood Anderson that a would-be-writer should live in Paris. In January 1922, the couple moved into an apartment in Paris’ Latin Quarter.","The Hemingways later returned to Toronto, where Ernest found that the new editor of the Star did not like him.  His first assignment upon his return was to cover a prison escape. He used one prisoner as the basis for his male, loner, anti-social characters, which later appeared in a number of his stories.","Hemingway’s first son, John Hadley Nicanor, was born in Toronto in October  1923.","Furious with his editor, Hemingway returned to Paris in January 1924, living near Ezra Pound. His mentors and friends in Paris included Pound, Sylvia Beach, and Gertrude Stein. Through these three writers, he got to know every expatriate American writer and new artists in Paris. Hemingway developed an appreciation for the insider, the man who knew the language, food and customs of foreign countries.","Between 1924 and 1929, Hemingway rose from obscurity to being one of the best-known American writers of his generation.  His publications in those years included In our time (1925), his breakthrough novel, (The) Sun also rises (1926), Men without women (1927), and (A) Farewell to arms (1929). He spent his summers in Spain following bullfights and his winters skiing in Switzerland, with Paris as his base.","Hadley divorced Ernest in April 1927. She received lifelong rights to the income from (The) Sun also rises. Hemingway then married Pauline Pfeiffer, with whom he had had an affair for over a year, in May 1927.","Ernest and Pauline returned to the U.S. for the cesarean birth of their son, Patrick, who was born in 1928. Also in 1928, Ernest’s father, Clarence Hemingway, committed suicide.","Pauline and Ernest enjoyed Key West fishing and Wyoming dude ranches. After a year of living in and out of Paris, they moved back to Key West in 1930.","In 1930, the sale of the film rights to (A) Farewell to arms brought Hemingway $24,000. Besides that, they lived on Pauline’s trust fund and Ernest’s income from writing. Her wealthy uncle, Augustus Pfeiffer, paid for their home in Key West and their African safari. Pauline and Ernest’s second son, Gregory, was born in 1931. Hemingway also was paid for his book, Death in the afternoon (1932).","During the 1930s, Hemingway wrote Winner takes nothing (1933), Green hills of Africa (1935), several short stories, and a series of personal essays called “Letters” for Esquire magazine. In September 1937 he reported on the Spanish Civil War in Madrid.  In October 1937, Hemingway was featured on the cover of Time magazine and wrote To have and have not. Hemingway also wrote a narrative to the film (The) Spanish earth and wrote his only play, (The) Fifth column (1938).","By February 1939, his marriage to Pauline was essentially over. He had an affair with Martha Gellhorn since 1937. Hemingway moved to Havana and began For whom the bell tolls. On December 24, 1939, Ernest and Martha moved to La Finca Vigia, a house with property outside of Havana. There, he finished For whom the bell tolls, which was released to ecstatic reviews on October 21, 1940. Four days later Paramount Pictures offered Hemingway $100,000 for the film rights. In early November 1940, Pauline’s divorce suit against Ernest on the grounds of desertion was granted. He married Martha Gellhorn a few weeks later.","During World War II, Hemingway suffered with the beginning of severe depression and had a long block in his writing ability. Except for writing an introduction of Men at war (1942) he wrote nothing until 1944. In April 1944 he began work as a war correspondent for Collier’s, displacing Martha. By late May 1944 Hemingway’s marriage to Martha was basically over and he met Mary Welsh Monks, soon to be his fourth wife.","Between June and December 1944, Hemingway deliberately put himself in dangerous positions. He went aboard a landing craft on D-Day, June 6. He twice flew on Royal Air Force missions intercepting German rockets and led a group of French irregulars and unattached GIs towards the liberation of Paris and the Ritz Bar. Two of his essays were published in Collier’s.","In 1945 Hemingway returned to New York and Cuba. Mary joined him in May. In September he sued Martha for divorce on the grounds of desertion. In November the sale of two of his stories for movie rights brought him $112,000.","Hemingway married Mary Welsh Monks in Havana in March 1946. In 1947, he was diagnosed with high blood pressure. From that time forward, Hemingway fought hypertension, diabetes, depression, paranoia, and perhaps hemochromatosis. He also began work on a trilogy, Islands, Garden of Eden, and (A) Moveable feast.","From September 1948 through April 1949, the Hemingways lived in northern Italy. There, he became infatuated with an eighteen-year-old beauty, Adriana Ivancich. Mary tolerated it. In late April the Hemingways returned to Cuba. He wrote Across the river and into the trees (1950), about a dying American colonel and a teenage Venetian beauty. It received overwhelmingly negative reviews. By late 1950 Ivancich and her mother were visiting Finca. Mary wanted out of the marriage, but stayed in it.","In 1951 Hemingway complete the first draft of (The) Old man and the sea and the Islands manuscript.","Grace Hall-Hemingway died in June 1951 and Pauline Hemingway in October 1951. The combination of these deaths was difficult for Hemingway to handle.","Life paid him $40,000 for serial rights and sold five million copies of its September 1, 1952 issue containing (The) Old man and the sea. Scribners sold out 40,000 first run copies of the novella. In April 1953, a film crew arrived in Havana to film the epic. In May, Hemingway was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for fiction for the book.","In June, Ernest and Mary left Havana for Europe and Africa. After surviving a nearly fatal plane crash, the Hemingways recuperated in Venice. In June 1954, they returned to Havana. In October, Hemingway learned that he had been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, but due to ill health, he could not travel to Stockholm.","From 1955 to 1961 Hemingway suffered increasing bad health, and paranoia-ridden depression. He wrote steadily on his trilogy. In January 1959, the Batista government fell to the Castro revolution. The Hemingways, on vacation in the U.S., bought a house in Ketchum, Idaho, from which he could watch the revolution on television.","In 1959, Ernest returned to Spain to cover the bullfights. His mood shifts frightened his wife and bewildered his friends. His health worsened. In November 1960 Hemingway entered Mayo Clinic to be treated for hypertension, an enlarged liver, paranoia, and severe depression. He received shock treatments. By late April 1961 Hemingway had twice attempted suicide.","On July 2, 1961 he blew his head off. Hemingway was survived by his wife, two of his ex-wives, and his three sons. (This information is from American National Biography Online)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials by and about Ernest Hemingway in the collection include numerous periodicals with Articles by or about Hemingway, his books, and movies based on his books; numerous Movie Posters; other Posters of Hemingway, his homes, books, or exhibits about him; Photographs (copies), mostly from movies based on his books and some from the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library; the (Film) \u0026#x2018;Adventures of a Young Man\u0026#x2019;, undated (4 reels): Manuscript Correspondence, four Letters written by Hemingway, one to Jim Gamble written on April 18 and 27, 1919, one dated Oct. 28, 1919 to Ernest's father, Dr. Clarence Hemingway (framed), one dated Nov. 12, 1919 to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway (framed), and one dated 2 Feb. 1960 to his son, J. H. N. Hemingway, as well as copies of two letters written by Hemingway to Owen Wister dated March 1 and 11, 1929 (the originals are in the Library of Congress). Brochures; Advertisements; Exhibit Brochures; Postcards; Auction Catalogs; Sheet Music; Miscellaneous materials. Biographical Information (copies) and ramed Items for exhibits, including posters, photographs, and other materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf particular interest is the first letter (original six p., and a copy) written by Hemingway on April 18 and 27, 1919 to his friend Jim Gamble, the Proctor and Gamble heir, detailing his desire to write even though submissions for publication were rejected, his dashed hopes for marriage, his hunger for recognition, his love of northern Michigan and trout fishing, and notes about people whose company he enjoyed while staying at Windemere Cottage, near Petoskey, Michigan. During this time, Hemingway was recovering from war wounds and a broken heart. The letter is typed with his signature. Included with the letter are copies of two Hemingway letters to Owen Wister, March 1 (6 p.) and 11 (5 p.), 1929, copied from the Library of Congress, and a letter to Henry M. Watts from Theodore Voorhees, December 11, 1979, concerning the copied letters. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second manuscript letter is written by Ernest to \u0026#x201C;Dear Dad\u0026#x201D;, dated October 28. This letter is accompanied by a certificate of authenticity by Ernest Hemingway Mainland dated June 25, 2007. The letter is typed with a signature and handwritten P.S. There are notations on the bottom of the letter \u0026#x201C;Rec\u0026#x2019;d 10/31/[1]919 and ans.[wered] 11/1/[1]919 CH [Clarence Hemingway]. The letter is two pages on one sheet of paper, which is folded in half, p. 1 is on top and p. 2 is underneath and upside down compared to p. 1. In the letter, Ernest notes he had a hard trip up the Missouri to Petoskey, when he traveled to Boyne City to visit Wesley, and that with his \u0026#x201C;typer\u0026#x201D; he is leaving Thursday for Petoskey. Ernest also notes that he is working on the \u0026#x201C;Woppian Way\u0026#x201D; and has read several books. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe third letter (original two p. and envelope) written by Hemingway on November 11, 1919, mailed the following day, to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway in Oak Park, Illinois, from Petoskey, Michigan. In this letter, Ernest notes how he has been very ill with a bad sore throat, notes Armistice Day, his prayers for the dead, complains of President Wilson robbing the \u0026#x201C;wops\u0026#x201D; and mentions Fiume. [Fiume was given to Yugoslavia from Italy.]He notes it is a lovely day, the linotypers are on strike so eastern magazines are not accepting articles, that he sent an article to the Post, that he is reading and working a lot, mentions the Bumps, and sends love to his family. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth letter from Ernest at Finca Vigia, Cuba, is addressed to his son \u0026#x201C;Dear Bum,\u0026#x201D; J. H. N. Hemingway in San Francisco, dated 8 February 1960. It is the only handwritten letter and is accompanied by the envelope, which is also handwritten. In the letter Ernest thanks Bun for his letter, and asks him to check on Christmas gifts, which have not yet arrived, and several addresses. Ernest notes he is very busy working on a piece about bull fights and Death in the Afternoon. He also notes that Mary\u0026#x2019;s arm is improving with massage and therapy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiaries (12), 1938, 1951, of George R. Hemingway, Ernest\u0026#x2019;s uncle, are also included in the collection. George worked as a representative of the Charlevoix Country Nursery and lived, with his wife, Anna, in East Jordan, Michigan. (This information is from the collection.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe organizational records, 1990-present, of the Michigan Hemingway Society, including Articles of Incorporations, By-laws, goals and objectives, celebration and conference materials, meeting minutes, financial statements, and other related materials, complete the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the majority of the collection is in English, some of the movie posters are in French, Italian, Spanish, Danish, Polish, and other languages. The collection is ongoing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA later addition (Acc# 73683) is three folders donated by Pat Davis. These include 2012 copies of six photographs or postcards of Horton Bay, mainly buildings and scenic views, Correspondence to Wesley about Ernest and Marcelline being in school, 1905, and  to Mrs. Dilworth, announcing Ernest\u0026#x2019;s engagement, 1921, and sheet music, Song of Welcome, by Grace Hall-Hemingway, 1905. Also included is an announcement card that Dr. Clarence E. Hemingway moved his office to 221 Grove Avenue, 1905.The last folder includes newspaper clippings (copies) of Pat Davis, Dilworth House, and how life when Hemingway was there.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUser Note: The collection has a decidedly musty to lightly moldy smell and patrons with allergies or breathing problems should use the collection with care.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessing Note: Most of the numerous books that came to the Clarke with the collection have been cataloged. Those few books for which no catalog record could be found have been added to this manuscript collection. Later Oversized additions will be added at the end of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials by and about Ernest Hemingway in the collection include numerous periodicals with Articles by or about Hemingway, his books, and movies based on his books; numerous Movie Posters; other Posters of Hemingway, his homes, books, or exhibits about him; Photographs (copies), mostly from movies based on his books and some from the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library; the (Film) ‘Adventures of a Young Man’, undated (4 reels): Manuscript Correspondence, four Letters written by Hemingway, one to Jim Gamble written on April 18 and 27, 1919, one dated Oct. 28, 1919 to Ernest's father, Dr. Clarence Hemingway (framed), one dated Nov. 12, 1919 to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway (framed), and one dated 2 Feb. 1960 to his son, J. H. N. Hemingway, as well as copies of two letters written by Hemingway to Owen Wister dated March 1 and 11, 1929 (the originals are in the Library of Congress). Brochures; Advertisements; Exhibit Brochures; Postcards; Auction Catalogs; Sheet Music; Miscellaneous materials. Biographical Information (copies) and ramed Items for exhibits, including posters, photographs, and other materials.","Of particular interest is the first letter (original six p., and a copy) written by Hemingway on April 18 and 27, 1919 to his friend Jim Gamble, the Proctor and Gamble heir, detailing his desire to write even though submissions for publication were rejected, his dashed hopes for marriage, his hunger for recognition, his love of northern Michigan and trout fishing, and notes about people whose company he enjoyed while staying at Windemere Cottage, near Petoskey, Michigan. During this time, Hemingway was recovering from war wounds and a broken heart. The letter is typed with his signature. Included with the letter are copies of two Hemingway letters to Owen Wister, March 1 (6 p.) and 11 (5 p.), 1929, copied from the Library of Congress, and a letter to Henry M. Watts from Theodore Voorhees, December 11, 1979, concerning the copied letters. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The second manuscript letter is written by Ernest to “Dear Dad”, dated October 28. This letter is accompanied by a certificate of authenticity by Ernest Hemingway Mainland dated June 25, 2007. The letter is typed with a signature and handwritten P.S. There are notations on the bottom of the letter “Rec’d 10/31/[1]919 and ans.[wered] 11/1/[1]919 CH [Clarence Hemingway]. The letter is two pages on one sheet of paper, which is folded in half, p. 1 is on top and p. 2 is underneath and upside down compared to p. 1. In the letter, Ernest notes he had a hard trip up the Missouri to Petoskey, when he traveled to Boyne City to visit Wesley, and that with his “typer” he is leaving Thursday for Petoskey. Ernest also notes that he is working on the “Woppian Way” and has read several books. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The third letter (original two p. and envelope) written by Hemingway on November 11, 1919, mailed the following day, to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway in Oak Park, Illinois, from Petoskey, Michigan. In this letter, Ernest notes how he has been very ill with a bad sore throat, notes Armistice Day, his prayers for the dead, complains of President Wilson robbing the “wops” and mentions Fiume. [Fiume was given to Yugoslavia from Italy.]He notes it is a lovely day, the linotypers are on strike so eastern magazines are not accepting articles, that he sent an article to the Post, that he is reading and working a lot, mentions the Bumps, and sends love to his family. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The fourth letter from Ernest at Finca Vigia, Cuba, is addressed to his son “Dear Bum,” J. H. N. Hemingway in San Francisco, dated 8 February 1960. It is the only handwritten letter and is accompanied by the envelope, which is also handwritten. In the letter Ernest thanks Bun for his letter, and asks him to check on Christmas gifts, which have not yet arrived, and several addresses. Ernest notes he is very busy working on a piece about bull fights and Death in the Afternoon. He also notes that Mary’s arm is improving with massage and therapy.","Diaries (12), 1938, 1951, of George R. Hemingway, Ernest’s uncle, are also included in the collection. George worked as a representative of the Charlevoix Country Nursery and lived, with his wife, Anna, in East Jordan, Michigan. (This information is from the collection.)","The organizational records, 1990-present, of the Michigan Hemingway Society, including Articles of Incorporations, By-laws, goals and objectives, celebration and conference materials, meeting minutes, financial statements, and other related materials, complete the collection.","While the majority of the collection is in English, some of the movie posters are in French, Italian, Spanish, Danish, Polish, and other languages. The collection is ongoing.","A later addition (Acc# 73683) is three folders donated by Pat Davis. These include 2012 copies of six photographs or postcards of Horton Bay, mainly buildings and scenic views, Correspondence to Wesley about Ernest and Marcelline being in school, 1905, and  to Mrs. Dilworth, announcing Ernest’s engagement, 1921, and sheet music, Song of Welcome, by Grace Hall-Hemingway, 1905. Also included is an announcement card that Dr. Clarence E. Hemingway moved his office to 221 Grove Avenue, 1905.The last folder includes newspaper clippings (copies) of Pat Davis, Dilworth House, and how life when Hemingway was there.","User Note: The collection has a decidedly musty to lightly moldy smell and patrons with allergies or breathing problems should use the collection with care.","Processing Note: Most of the numerous books that came to the Clarke with the collection have been cataloged. Those few books for which no catalog record could be found have been added to this manuscript collection. Later Oversized additions will be added at the end of the collection."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract\u003e\nThis artificial collection includes articles by or about Hemingway, movie posters and photographs, manuscript letters, printed and miscellaneous materials about Ernest Hemingway and his books, diaries of Ernest's uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society. \n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["\nThis artificial collection includes articles by or about Hemingway, movie posters and photographs, manuscript letters, printed and miscellaneous materials about Ernest Hemingway and his books, diaries of Ernest's uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society. \n"],"names_ssim":["Clarke Historical Library , Central Michigan University","Michigan Hemingway Society.","Hemingway family.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Biography.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Correspondence.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Criticism and Interpretation.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Farewell to arms.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--For whom the bell tolls.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Cuba--Havana--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Florida--Key West--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Moveable feast.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Old man and the sea.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Portraits--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Sun also rises."],"corpname_ssim":["Clarke Historical Library , Central Michigan University","Michigan Hemingway Society."],"famname_ssim":["Hemingway family."],"persname_ssim":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Biography.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Correspondence.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Criticism and Interpretation.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Farewell to arms.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--For whom the bell tolls.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Cuba--Havana--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Florida--Key West--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Moveable feast.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Old man and the sea.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Portraits--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Sun also rises."],"language_ssim":["The material is in  English"],"total_component_count_is":303,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"ehll--HemingwayErnest","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:25:31.217Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_ab6217282bc5ae44dd02f501842c810fab88fd45"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-014_aspace_b7fd04f6e538eaa991071e004995af41","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Audio cassettes and videocassettes of speeches, programs, etc.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-014_aspace_b7fd04f6e538eaa991071e004995af41#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_b7fd04f6e538eaa991071e004995af41","ref_ssm":["aspace_b7fd04f6e538eaa991071e004995af41","aspace_b7fd04f6e538eaa991071e004995af41"],"id":"umich-bhl-014_aspace_b7fd04f6e538eaa991071e004995af41","title_filing_ssi":"Audio cassettes and videocassettes of speeches, programs, etc.","title_ssm":["Audio cassettes and videocassettes of speeches, programs, etc."],"title_tesim":["Audio cassettes and videocassettes of speeches, programs, etc."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Audio cassettes and videocassettes of speeches, programs, etc."],"text":["Audio cassettes and videocassettes of speeches, programs, etc.","TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","TEACH Michigan/Teach Michigan Education Fund","Audio-Visual Materials","box 10","not further described"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-014","aspace_cf956795d3593ee5250e5bb0d146af8e","aspace_e8ba56a50b15ba15962b1b83c42bd6a6"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_e8ba56a50b15ba15962b1b83c42bd6a6","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-014","umich-bhl-014_aspace_cf956795d3593ee5250e5bb0d146af8e","umich-bhl-014_aspace_e8ba56a50b15ba15962b1b83c42bd6a6"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","TEACH Michigan/Teach Michigan Education Fund","Audio-Visual Materials"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","TEACH Michigan/Teach Michigan Education Fund","Audio-Visual Materials"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Subgroup","Series"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":137,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Research use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"containers_ssim":["box 10"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003enot further described\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["not further described"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#5/components#0","_nest_parent_":"umich-bhl-014_aspace_e8ba56a50b15ba15962b1b83c42bd6a6","_root_":"umich-bhl-014","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:12.778Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-014","title_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records"],"title_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-014","unitdate_ssm":["1989-1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1989-1996"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["014 Bj 2"],"text":["014 Bj 2","TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes.","Research use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese.","In 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.","This record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization.","Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","Offsite storage; prior notification required for access","Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N.","English","The materials are in  English."],"unitid_tesim":["014 Bj 2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1989-1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"collection_title_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"collection_ssim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"creator_ssm":["TEACH Michigan."],"creator_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"creators_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"access_terms_ssm":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The record group came to the library from Partnership for Learning (formerly TEACH Michigan) in December 2000. Donor no.  9038"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["13 linear feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"date_range_isim":[1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearch use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Research use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eitem, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["item, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDonor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_85c28ec7f064d103fc6a1b17b4c73c99\"\u003eOrganization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4f9a3a50370f108b16342d0e56be5abb\"\u003eOffsite storage; prior notification required for access\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Offsite storage; prior notification required for access"],"names_coll_ssim":["Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N.","DeWeese, Paul N.","DeWeese, Paul N."],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N."],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund."],"persname_ssim":["DeWeese, Paul N."],"language_ssim":["English","The materials are in  English."],"total_component_count_is":279,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-014","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:12.778Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-014_aspace_b7fd04f6e538eaa991071e004995af41"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-0728_aspace_4d95be3b82fb66abfb7d4ccc431fa923","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"August 2000-December 2000","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-0728_aspace_4d95be3b82fb66abfb7d4ccc431fa923#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_4d95be3b82fb66abfb7d4ccc431fa923","ref_ssm":["aspace_4d95be3b82fb66abfb7d4ccc431fa923","aspace_4d95be3b82fb66abfb7d4ccc431fa923"],"id":"umich-bhl-0728_aspace_4d95be3b82fb66abfb7d4ccc431fa923","unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["August 2000-December 2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["August 2000-December 2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["August 2000-December 2000"],"text":["August 2000-December 2000","University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (University of Michigan) records, 1979-2003","Meeting Minutes and Agendas, 1979-2003","box 5","ER RESTRICTED until  July 1, 2026"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-0728","aspace_a7eea5411a2ef038d1077ae525da4cfa"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_a7eea5411a2ef038d1077ae525da4cfa","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-0728","umich-bhl-0728_aspace_a7eea5411a2ef038d1077ae525da4cfa"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (University of Michigan) records, 1979-2003","Meeting Minutes and Agendas, 1979-2003"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (University of Michigan) records, 1979-2003","Meeting Minutes and Agendas, 1979-2003"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (University of Michigan) records, 1979-2003"],"extent_ssm":["5 folders"],"extent_tesim":["5 folders"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":24,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Access to the records is restricted under the Executive Officers records policy."," The University of Michigan. University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals record group includes restricted material in the following categories:","\n      Executive Officers Records -- Boxes 1-9\n    ",""],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"date_range_isim":[2000],"containers_ssim":["box 5"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eER RESTRICTED until \u003cdate normal=\"2026-07-01\" type=\"restriction\"\u003eJuly 1, 2026\u003c/date\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["ER RESTRICTED until  July 1, 2026"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#22","_nest_parent_":"umich-bhl-0728_aspace_a7eea5411a2ef038d1077ae525da4cfa","_root_":"umich-bhl-0728","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:23.306Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-0728","title_ssm":["University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (University of Michigan) records"],"title_tesim":["University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (University of Michigan) records"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-0728","unitdate_ssm":["1979-2003"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1979-2003"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0728 Bimu 2"],"text":["0728 Bimu 2","University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (University of Michigan) records, 1979-2003","Animal welfare.","Laboratory animals.","Access to the records is restricted under the Executive Officers records policy."," The University of Michigan. University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals record group includes restricted material in the following categories:","Executive Officers Records -- Boxes 1-9","","Periodic additions to the records are expected.","The University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (UCUCA) was established in 1965 to advise University of Michigan research officials on matters related to the use of animals in research and education. It formed out of the Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine (ULAM) at the Medical School, and was the formal extension of the Animal Care Committee. Combined with the Animal Care Unit, the UCUCA helped to continue the humane treatment of animals regulated by the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act of 1966."," Beginning in 1986, the Committee was required to approve all use of vertebrate animals on campus. Currently, its responsibilities include reviewing applications for the use of animals in research, training, or testing, updating university policies for the treatment of animals, inspecting animal facilities in accordance with these policies, providing training for people working with animals, and advising the Office of the Vice President for Research on matters related to the use of animals in research and education. The Committee also serves to ensure University of Michigan compliance with federal animal welfare regulations through the submittal of reports to the American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC) the Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW), and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).","The University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (UCUCA) records consist of meeting minutes and agendas, annual reports and reports of USDA inspections. The records are divided into two series: Meeting Minutes and Agendas and Reports. Within each series, the records are organized in chronological order and retain the original folders and file headings. The records are focused on the administrative activities of the UCUCA.","Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","The University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (UCUCA) records consist of meeting minutes and agendas, annual reports, and animal facility inspections. The UCUCA works to ensure that all projects using animals at the University of Michigan are conducted in accordance with university guidelines and policies and federal law concerning laboratory animal welfare.","Bentley Historical Library","University of Michigan. University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals.","University of Michigan. -- Research.","University of Michigan. Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine.","English","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["0728 Bimu 2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1979-2003"],"normalized_title_ssm":["University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (University of Michigan) records, 1979-2003"],"collection_title_tesim":["University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (University of Michigan) records, 1979-2003"],"collection_ssim":["University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (University of Michigan) records, 1979-2003"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"creator_ssm":["University of Michigan. University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals."],"creator_ssim":["University of Michigan. University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["University of Michigan. University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals."],"creators_ssim":["University of Michigan. University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals."],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Records were transferred beginning in September 2006 (Donor no.  9789 )."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Animal welfare.","Laboratory animals."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Animal welfare.","Laboratory animals."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.7 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["8.7 linear feet"],"date_range_isim":[1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAccess to the records is restricted under the Executive Officers records policy.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e The University of Michigan. University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals record group includes restricted material in the following categories:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n      \u003citem\u003eExecutive Officers Records -- Boxes 1-9\u003c/item\u003e\n    \u003c/list\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr actuate=\"onload\" href=\"uarpacc\" show=\"embed\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Access to the records is restricted under the Executive Officers records policy."," The University of Michigan. University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals record group includes restricted material in the following categories:","Executive Officers Records -- Boxes 1-9",""],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePeriodic additions to the records are expected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["Periodic additions to the records are expected."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (UCUCA) was established in 1965 to advise University of Michigan research officials on matters related to the use of animals in research and education. It formed out of the Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine (ULAM) at the Medical School, and was the formal extension of the Animal Care Committee. Combined with the Animal Care Unit, the UCUCA helped to continue the humane treatment of animals regulated by the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act of 1966.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Beginning in 1986, the Committee was required to approve all use of vertebrate animals on campus. Currently, its responsibilities include reviewing applications for the use of animals in research, training, or testing, updating university policies for the treatment of animals, inspecting animal facilities in accordance with these policies, providing training for people working with animals, and advising the Office of the Vice President for Research on matters related to the use of animals in research and education. The Committee also serves to ensure University of Michigan compliance with federal animal welfare regulations through the submittal of reports to the American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC) the Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW), and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (UCUCA) was established in 1965 to advise University of Michigan research officials on matters related to the use of animals in research and education. It formed out of the Unit for Laboratory Animal Medicine (ULAM) at the Medical School, and was the formal extension of the Animal Care Committee. Combined with the Animal Care Unit, the UCUCA helped to continue the humane treatment of animals regulated by the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act of 1966."," Beginning in 1986, the Committee was required to approve all use of vertebrate animals on campus. Currently, its responsibilities include reviewing applications for the use of animals in research, training, or testing, updating university policies for the treatment of animals, inspecting animal facilities in accordance with these policies, providing training for people working with animals, and advising the Office of the Vice President for Research on matters related to the use of animals in research and education. The Committee also serves to ensure University of Michigan compliance with federal animal welfare regulations through the submittal of reports to the American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC) the Office of Laboratory Animal Welfare (OLAW), and the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item], folder, box, University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (University of Michigan) records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item], folder, box, University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (University of Michigan) records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (UCUCA) records consist of meeting minutes and agendas, annual reports and reports of USDA inspections. The records are divided into two series: Meeting Minutes and Agendas and Reports. Within each series, the records are organized in chronological order and retain the original folders and file headings. The records are focused on the administrative activities of the UCUCA.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (UCUCA) records consist of meeting minutes and agendas, annual reports and reports of USDA inspections. The records are divided into two series: Meeting Minutes and Agendas and Reports. Within each series, the records are organized in chronological order and retain the original folders and file headings. The records are focused on the administrative activities of the UCUCA."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2fef6c358159e5e302b60231a5ee8c43\"\u003eThe University Committee on the Use and Care of Animals (UCUCA) records consist of meeting minutes and agendas, annual reports, and animal facility inspections. 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DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.","This record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization.","Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","Offsite storage; prior notification required for access","Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N.","English","The materials are in  English."],"unitid_tesim":["014 Bj 2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1989-1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"collection_title_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"collection_ssim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"creator_ssm":["TEACH Michigan."],"creator_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"creators_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"access_terms_ssm":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The record group came to the library from Partnership for Learning (formerly TEACH Michigan) in December 2000. Donor no.  9038"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["13 linear feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"date_range_isim":[1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearch use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Research use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eitem, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["item, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDonor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_85c28ec7f064d103fc6a1b17b4c73c99\"\u003eOrganization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4f9a3a50370f108b16342d0e56be5abb\"\u003eOffsite storage; prior notification required for access\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Offsite storage; prior notification required for access"],"names_coll_ssim":["Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N.","DeWeese, Paul N.","DeWeese, Paul N."],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N."],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund."],"persname_ssim":["DeWeese, Paul N."],"language_ssim":["English","The materials are in  English."],"total_component_count_is":279,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-014","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:12.778Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-014_aspace_3b5e9a93f5065029e1a7371af2b62fee"}},{"id":"m2117-xml_aspace_911cb9aeb74bf021a51a0a92102ce741","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Awards and Certificates","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/m2117-xml_aspace_911cb9aeb74bf021a51a0a92102ce741#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_911cb9aeb74bf021a51a0a92102ce741","ref_ssm":["aspace_911cb9aeb74bf021a51a0a92102ce741","aspace_911cb9aeb74bf021a51a0a92102ce741"],"id":"m2117-xml_aspace_911cb9aeb74bf021a51a0a92102ce741","title_filing_ssi":"Awards and Certificates","title_ssm":["Awards and Certificates"],"title_tesim":["Awards and Certificates"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Awards and Certificates"],"text":["Awards and Certificates","Kojima family papers, c. 1931-1960","box 1","folder 19"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ssim":["m2117-xml"],"parent_ssi":"m2117-xml","parent_ids_ssim":["m2117-xml"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Kojima family papers, c. 1931-1960"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Kojima family papers, c. 1931-1960"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"repository_ssim":["Stanford University Libraries. 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Toshiko Kojima, their daughter, was born in San Diego in 1919, and her brother Minoru was born a few years later in 1923. Toshiko graduated from San Diego State College and went on to be an artist known for wood engraving. Minoru took up dentistry, establishing a practice in National City, CA, and eventually became part of the U.S. armed forces as a dentist. During World War II, the Kojima family was sent to an internment camp in Poston, Arizona, to which they occasionally allude in their letters.","The materials include loose photographs, a photograph album, letters, ephemera such as Toshiko's school records, a \"Memorial Chimes\" boxed funeral album regarding Kenji Kojima, and other materials relating to the Kojima family and their struggle to re-establish their lives after World War II. Including over 120 letters, circa 1948-1960, most with their original mailing envelopes sent to Toshiko Kojima in New York City from her brother Minoru in Pasadena and other locations in California as well as when he was in the military, and letters from her mother Ichi Kojima in Pasadena.","Open for research. Note that material must be requested at least 36 hours in advance of intended use.","While Special Collections is the owner of the physical and digital items, permission to examine collection materials is not an authorization to publish. These materials are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study. Any transmission or reproduction beyond that allowed by fair use requires permission from the owners of rights, heir(s) or assigns.","Special Collections and University Archives materials are stored offsite and must be paged 36 hours in advance.","Department of Special Collections and University Archives","Kojima, Minoru","Kojima, Ishi","Kojima, Toshiko, 1919-","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M2117"],"normalized_date_ssm":["c. 1931-1960"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Kojima family papers, c. 1931-1960"],"collection_title_tesim":["Kojima family papers, c. 1931-1960"],"collection_ssim":["Kojima family papers, c. 1931-1960"],"repository_ssm":["Stanford University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Stanford University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Kojima, Minoru","Kojima, Ishi"],"creator_ssim":["Kojima, Minoru","Kojima, Ishi"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Kojima, Minoru","Kojima, Ishi"],"creators_ssim":["Kojima, Minoru","Kojima, Ishi"],"access_terms_ssm":["Open for research. Note that material must be requested at least 36 hours in advance of intended use.","While Special Collections is the owner of the physical and digital items, permission to examine collection materials is not an authorization to publish. These materials are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study. Any transmission or reproduction beyond that allowed by fair use requires permission from the owners of rights, heir(s) or assigns."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased for Stanford University, Special Collections in March 2014."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Japanese Americans -- California -- History -- 20th century"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Japanese Americans -- California -- History -- 20th century"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4 Linear Feet (2 boxes, 2 flat boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["4 Linear Feet (2 boxes, 2 flat boxes)"],"date_range_isim":[1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKenji Kojima (1886-1947) and Ichi Kojima (born 1894) initially arrived in the United States in 1912 and settled in San Diego. Toshiko Kojima, their daughter, was born in San Diego in 1919, and her brother Minoru was born a few years later in 1923. Toshiko graduated from San Diego State College and went on to be an artist known for wood engraving. Minoru took up dentistry, establishing a practice in National City, CA, and eventually became part of the U.S. armed forces as a dentist. During World War II, the Kojima family was sent to an internment camp in Poston, Arizona, to which they occasionally allude in their letters.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Kenji Kojima (1886-1947) and Ichi Kojima (born 1894) initially arrived in the United States in 1912 and settled in San Diego. Toshiko Kojima, their daughter, was born in San Diego in 1919, and her brother Minoru was born a few years later in 1923. Toshiko graduated from San Diego State College and went on to be an artist known for wood engraving. Minoru took up dentistry, establishing a practice in National City, CA, and eventually became part of the U.S. armed forces as a dentist. During World War II, the Kojima family was sent to an internment camp in Poston, Arizona, to which they occasionally allude in their letters."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], Kojima family papers, circa 1939-1960 (M2117). Dept. of Special Collections and University Archives, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, Calif.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], Kojima family papers, circa 1939-1960 (M2117). Dept. of Special Collections and University Archives, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, Calif."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials include loose photographs, a photograph album, letters, ephemera such as Toshiko's school records, a \"Memorial Chimes\" boxed funeral album regarding Kenji Kojima, and other materials relating to the Kojima family and their struggle to re-establish their lives after World War II. Including over 120 letters, circa 1948-1960, most with their original mailing envelopes sent to Toshiko Kojima in New York City from her brother Minoru in Pasadena and other locations in California as well as when he was in the military, and letters from her mother Ichi Kojima in Pasadena.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The materials include loose photographs, a photograph album, letters, ephemera such as Toshiko's school records, a \"Memorial Chimes\" boxed funeral album regarding Kenji Kojima, and other materials relating to the Kojima family and their struggle to re-establish their lives after World War II. Including over 120 letters, circa 1948-1960, most with their original mailing envelopes sent to Toshiko Kojima in New York City from her brother Minoru in Pasadena and other locations in California as well as when he was in the military, and letters from her mother Ichi Kojima in Pasadena."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen for research. Note that material must be requested at least 36 hours in advance of intended use.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile Special Collections is the owner of the physical and digital items, permission to examine collection materials is not an authorization to publish. These materials are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study. Any transmission or reproduction beyond that allowed by fair use requires permission from the owners of rights, heir(s) or assigns.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Open for research. Note that material must be requested at least 36 hours in advance of intended use.","While Special Collections is the owner of the physical and digital items, permission to examine collection materials is not an authorization to publish. These materials are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study. Any transmission or reproduction beyond that allowed by fair use requires permission from the owners of rights, heir(s) or assigns."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc audience=\"internal\" id=\"aspace_3b512b0a31685771a8e5f79f024a2c71\"\u003eSpecial Collections and University Archives materials are stored offsite and must be paged 36 hours in advance.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Special Collections and University Archives materials are stored offsite and must be paged 36 hours in advance."],"names_ssim":["Department of Special Collections and University Archives","Kojima, Minoru","Kojima, Ishi","Kojima, Toshiko, 1919-"],"corpname_ssim":["Department of Special Collections and University Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Kojima, Minoru","Kojima, Ishi","Kojima, Toshiko, 1919-"],"persname_ssim":["Kojima, Minoru","Kojima, Ishi","Kojima, Toshiko, 1919-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":31,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"m2117-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:09:59.018Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/m2117-xml_aspace_911cb9aeb74bf021a51a0a92102ce741"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-0047_aspace_010951ede4e5f3ec350c25aba43ca8f2","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Awards and citations","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-0047_aspace_010951ede4e5f3ec350c25aba43ca8f2#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_010951ede4e5f3ec350c25aba43ca8f2","ref_ssm":["aspace_010951ede4e5f3ec350c25aba43ca8f2","aspace_010951ede4e5f3ec350c25aba43ca8f2"],"id":"umich-bhl-0047_aspace_010951ede4e5f3ec350c25aba43ca8f2","title_filing_ssi":"Awards and citations","title_ssm":["Awards and citations"],"title_tesim":["Awards and citations"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Awards and citations"],"text":["Awards and citations","Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000","Papers, Correspondence, and Events","box 1"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-0047","aspace_336d22eb22bf889fec665a72c9552068"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_336d22eb22bf889fec665a72c9552068","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-0047","umich-bhl-0047_aspace_336d22eb22bf889fec665a72c9552068"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000","Papers, Correspondence, and Events"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000","Papers, Correspondence, and Events"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":2,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"containers_ssim":["box 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0","_nest_parent_":"umich-bhl-0047_aspace_336d22eb22bf889fec665a72c9552068","_root_":"umich-bhl-0047","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:06.070Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-0047","title_ssm":["Ruth Ellis papers"],"title_tesim":["Ruth Ellis papers"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-0047","unitdate_ssm":["1910-2000","1997-2000"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1997-2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0047 Aa 2 Ac"],"text":["0047 Aa 2 Ac","Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000","Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Printers.","Printing press.","Photographs.","The collection is open to research.","No further additions to the papers are expected.","Digitization:  The Library has undertaken the digitization of a number of sound recordings within this collection. The resulting audio files are available for playback only in the Bentley Library Reading Room. Links to item images and additional information are available within this finding aid. Original sound recordings are only available for staff use.","Ruth Ellis was born on July 23, 1899 in Springfield Illinois, the youngest of four children born to Charles and Carrie Ellis. After the death of her mother, Ellis and her brothers were raised by her father. At age 37, she moved to Detroit and was soon joined by her partner, Cicilene \"Babe\" Franklin also of Springfield. The couple stayed together for more than thirty years, during which time they bought a home on Oakland Avenue and opened a small print shop, the Ellis and Franklin Printing Company."," During the late 1930s and 1940s the Ellis/Franklin house served as a meeting place and temporary shelter for Gay men and Lesbians. Ms. Ellis ran the print shop until her retirement at age 65. She actively participated in the events of the Lesbian community nation-wide until her death in 2000 at the age of 101.","The Ruth Ellis collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications related to Ms. Ellis's life and her activities in the Gay and Lesbian community. The papers are arranged in the following series: Papers, Correspondence, and Events; Photographs; and Miscellaneous Materials.","Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Ruth Ellis of Detroit, Michigan was well known in the Gay community as the oldest known African American Lesbian. She was a business woman, owned a printing company, and held social gatherings at her home at a time when there were few opportunities for Gay African Americans to gather. During the last twenty years of her life she was active in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender community and in the Senior Citizens movement. The collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications.","Bentley Historical Library","Ellis family.","Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000","English","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["0047 Aa 2 Ac"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000"],"collection_ssim":["Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"creator_ssm":["Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"creator_ssim":["Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"creators_ssim":["Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection received from Ruth Ellis (donor no.  8774 ) in 2000."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Printers.","Printing press.","Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Printers.","Printing press.","Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["2.5 linear feet","3.6 GB"],"extent_tesim":["2.5 linear feet","3.6 GB"],"physfacet_tesim":["online"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs."],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo further additions to the papers are expected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["No further additions to the papers are expected."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eDigitization:\u003c/emph\u003e The Library has undertaken the digitization of a number of sound recordings within this collection. The resulting audio files are available for playback only in the Bentley Library Reading Room. Links to item images and additional information are available within this finding aid. Original sound recordings are only available for staff use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Digitization:  The Library has undertaken the digitization of a number of sound recordings within this collection. The resulting audio files are available for playback only in the Bentley Library Reading Room. Links to item images and additional information are available within this finding aid. Original sound recordings are only available for staff use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRuth Ellis was born on July 23, 1899 in Springfield Illinois, the youngest of four children born to Charles and Carrie Ellis. After the death of her mother, Ellis and her brothers were raised by her father. At age 37, she moved to Detroit and was soon joined by her partner, Cicilene \"Babe\" Franklin also of Springfield. The couple stayed together for more than thirty years, during which time they bought a home on Oakland Avenue and opened a small print shop, the Ellis and Franklin Printing Company.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e During the late 1930s and 1940s the Ellis/Franklin house served as a meeting place and temporary shelter for Gay men and Lesbians. Ms. Ellis ran the print shop until her retirement at age 65. She actively participated in the events of the Lesbian community nation-wide until her death in 2000 at the age of 101.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ruth Ellis was born on July 23, 1899 in Springfield Illinois, the youngest of four children born to Charles and Carrie Ellis. After the death of her mother, Ellis and her brothers were raised by her father. At age 37, she moved to Detroit and was soon joined by her partner, Cicilene \"Babe\" Franklin also of Springfield. The couple stayed together for more than thirty years, during which time they bought a home on Oakland Avenue and opened a small print shop, the Ellis and Franklin Printing Company."," During the late 1930s and 1940s the Ellis/Franklin house served as a meeting place and temporary shelter for Gay men and Lesbians. Ms. Ellis ran the print shop until her retirement at age 65. She actively participated in the events of the Lesbian community nation-wide until her death in 2000 at the age of 101."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item], folder, box, Ruth Ellis papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item], folder, box, Ruth Ellis papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ruth Ellis collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications related to Ms. Ellis's life and her activities in the Gay and Lesbian community. The papers are arranged in the following series: Papers, Correspondence, and Events; Photographs; and Miscellaneous Materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ruth Ellis collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications related to Ms. Ellis's life and her activities in the Gay and Lesbian community. The papers are arranged in the following series: Papers, Correspondence, and Events; Photographs; and Miscellaneous Materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_14322b7e892c746399263b939c268594\"\u003eRuth Ellis of Detroit, Michigan was well known in the Gay community as the oldest known African American Lesbian. She was a business woman, owned a printing company, and held social gatherings at her home at a time when there were few opportunities for Gay African Americans to gather. During the last twenty years of her life she was active in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender community and in the Senior Citizens movement. The collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Ruth Ellis of Detroit, Michigan was well known in the Gay community as the oldest known African American Lesbian. She was a business woman, owned a printing company, and held social gatherings at her home at a time when there were few opportunities for Gay African Americans to gather. During the last twenty years of her life she was active in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender community and in the Senior Citizens movement. The collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications."],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","Ellis family.","Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ellis family.","Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000","Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"famname_ssim":["Ellis family."],"persname_ssim":["Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"language_ssim":["English","The material is in  English"],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":35,"online_item_count_is":2,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-0047","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:06.070Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-0047_aspace_010951ede4e5f3ec350c25aba43ca8f2"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-0312_aspace_23221ebed347a4b12161d8c139fcc0e2","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Babel  (Screendance), 2005","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-0312_aspace_23221ebed347a4b12161d8c139fcc0e2#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_23221ebed347a4b12161d8c139fcc0e2","ref_ssm":["aspace_23221ebed347a4b12161d8c139fcc0e2","aspace_23221ebed347a4b12161d8c139fcc0e2"],"id":"umich-bhl-0312_aspace_23221ebed347a4b12161d8c139fcc0e2","title_filing_ssi":"Babel  (Screendance)","title_ssm":["Babel  (Screendance)"],"title_tesim":["Babel  (Screendance)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["2005"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2005"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Babel  (Screendance), 2005"],"text":["Babel  (Screendance), 2005","Peter Sparling papers, 1961-2013, bulk 1970-2000","Performance, Audition, and Rehearsal Videos","Reading Room Access Only"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-0312","aspace_ea04e152d4703cedcf32d8d9c2b86eab"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_ea04e152d4703cedcf32d8d9c2b86eab","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-0312","umich-bhl-0312_aspace_ea04e152d4703cedcf32d8d9c2b86eab"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Peter Sparling papers, 1961-2013, bulk 1970-2000","Performance, Audition, and Rehearsal Videos"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Peter Sparling papers, 1961-2013, bulk 1970-2000","Performance, Audition, and Rehearsal Videos"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["Peter Sparling papers, 1961-2013, bulk 1970-2000"],"physfacet_tesim":[".MOV and .MP4 files"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":204,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Restricted Access: All performances in DVC-Pro format are preservation copies dubbed from original VHS and 3/4-inch tape. Arrangements for duplication need to be made with the Reference Archivist. Equipment needed to view digital video cassettes is not available at the Bentley Library. Access to some of the online digital files is restricted to the viewing in the Bentley Library reading room and the School of Music."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright is retained by Peter Sparling. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\":\"Babel (Screendance) 2005\",\"href\":\"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/102524\"}"],"date_range_isim":[2005],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eReading Room Access Only\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Reading Room Access Only"],"_nest_path_":"/components#7/components#2","_nest_parent_":"umich-bhl-0312_aspace_ea04e152d4703cedcf32d8d9c2b86eab","_root_":"umich-bhl-0312","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:20.872Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-0312","title_ssm":["Peter Sparling papers"],"title_tesim":["Peter Sparling papers"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-0312","unitdate_ssm":["1961-2013","1970-2000"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1970-2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1961-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0312 Aa2"],"text":["0312 Aa2","Peter Sparling papers, 1961-2013, bulk 1970-2000","Choreographers -- United States.","Dancers -- United States.","Ballet -- United States.","Ballet -- Study and teaching.","Choreography.","Ballet -- United States.","Dancers.","Posters.","Videotapes.","Motion pictures.","Photographs.","The collection is open to research."," Access to some of the online digital files in the Performance, Audition, and Rehearsal Videos series is restricted to viewing the Bentley Library Reading Room and at the University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre and Dance. Equipment needed to view the DVC-Pro digital cassettes in this series is not currently available at the Bentley Library. Contact the reference archivist to arrange for duplication of tapes.","Periodic additions to the records expected.","Peter Sparling is Professor of Dance at the University of Michigan School of Music. Well known as both performer and choreographer, he has danced with Martha Graham and Jose Limon."," Sparling got his first dance training while on a scholarship for violin performance at Interlochen Arts Academy. He added dance to his major and graduated in 1969, and then attended The Juilliard School, receiving his B.F.A. in 1973. While still at Juilliard, Sparling began touring with the Jose Limon Dance Company, traveling to Europe, Russia and Asia. He co-founded Dance Mobile with Janet Eilber, Ange Wolf and Diana Hart, all of whom he met at Interlochen. In 1974, he married another dancer he had met while at Interlochen, Shelley Washington. They divorced after three years."," In 1973, after the death of Jose Limon, Sparling was invited to join the Martha Graham Dance Company. Graham dramatically influenced Sparling's performance and his choreography, and he created and performed his own works during the six years he was with the Graham Company. When he left the company in 1979, he formed Peter Sparling Presents Solo Flight, and then the Peter Sparling Dance Company, as vehicles for his choreography. He continued to dance occasionally with the Graham Company until 1987."," In 1984, after several teaching residencies in such institutions as Barnard College in New York, Florida State University, Cloud Gate Dance Theatre in Taiwan and the Laban Centre for Movement Studies in London, Sparling was hired as Assistant Professor at the University of Michigan Dance Department. He was chair of the Department from 1988 through 1995. In 1984, he co-founded Ann Arbor Dance Works, the University of Michigan's resident dance company. In 1993, Peter founded the Peter Sparling Dance Co. a non-profit organization that continues today. Further information about Sparling's dance company or current work see http://www.dancegalleryfoundation.org.","","The Peter Sparling Papers include materials relating to Sparling's dance training, performance, and teaching. The papers are divided into eight series: Background Materials, Choreography, Correspondence, Dance Companies, Programs, Reviews, Photographs, Performance, Audition, and Rehearsal Videos, and Posters.","Copyright is retained by Peter Sparling. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Peter Sparling is Professor of Dance at the University of Michigan School of Music. Well known as both performer and choreographer, he has danced with Martha Graham and Jose Limon. Papers consist of materials relating to Sparling's dance training, performance, and teaching including background materials; choreography notes and sketches; correspondence; clippings and publicity from dance companies with whom he was associated; programs and reviews; photographs, video and film of performances; and posters.","Bentley Historical Library","University of Michigan. -- Faculty.","University of Michigan. School of Music.","Sparling, Peter.","Sparling, Peter, 1951-","Sparling, Peter, Performances, 1951-","English","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["0312 Aa2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1961-2013, bulk 1970-2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Peter Sparling papers, 1961-2013, bulk 1970-2000"],"collection_title_tesim":["Peter Sparling papers, 1961-2013, bulk 1970-2000"],"collection_ssim":["Peter Sparling papers, 1961-2013, bulk 1970-2000"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. 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Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials were donated by Peter Sparling (donor no. 8992) beginning in 2001."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Choreographers -- United States.","Dancers -- United States.","Ballet -- United States.","Ballet -- Study and teaching.","Choreography.","Ballet -- United States.","Dancers.","Posters.","Videotapes.","Motion pictures.","Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Choreographers -- United States.","Dancers -- United States.","Ballet -- United States.","Ballet -- Study and teaching.","Choreography.","Ballet -- United States.","Dancers.","Posters.","Videotapes.","Motion pictures.","Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["6 linear feet","89.5 GB"],"extent_tesim":["6 linear feet","89.5 GB"],"physfacet_tesim":["online"],"genreform_ssim":["Posters.","Videotapes.","Motion pictures.","Photographs."],"date_range_isim":[1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Access to some of the online digital files in the Performance, Audition, and Rehearsal Videos series is restricted to viewing the Bentley Library Reading Room and at the University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre and Dance. Equipment needed to view the DVC-Pro digital cassettes in this series is not currently available at the Bentley Library. Contact the reference archivist to arrange for duplication of tapes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."," Access to some of the online digital files in the Performance, Audition, and Rehearsal Videos series is restricted to viewing the Bentley Library Reading Room and at the University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre and Dance. Equipment needed to view the DVC-Pro digital cassettes in this series is not currently available at the Bentley Library. Contact the reference archivist to arrange for duplication of tapes."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePeriodic additions to the records expected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["Periodic additions to the records expected."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePeter Sparling is Professor of Dance at the University of Michigan School of Music. Well known as both performer and choreographer, he has danced with Martha Graham and Jose Limon.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Sparling got his first dance training while on a scholarship for violin performance at Interlochen Arts Academy. He added dance to his major and graduated in 1969, and then attended The Juilliard School, receiving his B.F.A. in 1973. While still at Juilliard, Sparling began touring with the Jose Limon Dance Company, traveling to Europe, Russia and Asia. He co-founded Dance Mobile with Janet Eilber, Ange Wolf and Diana Hart, all of whom he met at Interlochen. In 1974, he married another dancer he had met while at Interlochen, Shelley Washington. They divorced after three years.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1973, after the death of Jose Limon, Sparling was invited to join the Martha Graham Dance Company. Graham dramatically influenced Sparling's performance and his choreography, and he created and performed his own works during the six years he was with the Graham Company. When he left the company in 1979, he formed Peter Sparling Presents Solo Flight, and then the Peter Sparling Dance Company, as vehicles for his choreography. He continued to dance occasionally with the Graham Company until 1987.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1984, after several teaching residencies in such institutions as Barnard College in New York, Florida State University, Cloud Gate Dance Theatre in Taiwan and the Laban Centre for Movement Studies in London, Sparling was hired as Assistant Professor at the University of Michigan Dance Department. He was chair of the Department from 1988 through 1995. In 1984, he co-founded Ann Arbor Dance Works, the University of Michigan's resident dance company. In 1993, Peter founded the Peter Sparling Dance Co. a non-profit organization that continues today. Further information about Sparling's dance company or current work see http://www.dancegalleryfoundation.org.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Peter Sparling is Professor of Dance at the University of Michigan School of Music. Well known as both performer and choreographer, he has danced with Martha Graham and Jose Limon."," Sparling got his first dance training while on a scholarship for violin performance at Interlochen Arts Academy. He added dance to his major and graduated in 1969, and then attended The Juilliard School, receiving his B.F.A. in 1973. While still at Juilliard, Sparling began touring with the Jose Limon Dance Company, traveling to Europe, Russia and Asia. He co-founded Dance Mobile with Janet Eilber, Ange Wolf and Diana Hart, all of whom he met at Interlochen. In 1974, he married another dancer he had met while at Interlochen, Shelley Washington. They divorced after three years."," In 1973, after the death of Jose Limon, Sparling was invited to join the Martha Graham Dance Company. Graham dramatically influenced Sparling's performance and his choreography, and he created and performed his own works during the six years he was with the Graham Company. When he left the company in 1979, he formed Peter Sparling Presents Solo Flight, and then the Peter Sparling Dance Company, as vehicles for his choreography. He continued to dance occasionally with the Graham Company until 1987."," In 1984, after several teaching residencies in such institutions as Barnard College in New York, Florida State University, Cloud Gate Dance Theatre in Taiwan and the Laban Centre for Movement Studies in London, Sparling was hired as Assistant Professor at the University of Michigan Dance Department. He was chair of the Department from 1988 through 1995. In 1984, he co-founded Ann Arbor Dance Works, the University of Michigan's resident dance company. In 1993, Peter founded the Peter Sparling Dance Co. a non-profit organization that continues today. Further information about Sparling's dance company or current work see http://www.dancegalleryfoundation.org."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item], folder, box, Peter Sparling papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item], folder, box, Peter Sparling papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr actuate=\"onload\" href=\"digitalproc\" show=\"embed\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":[""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Peter Sparling Papers include materials relating to Sparling's dance training, performance, and teaching. The papers are divided into eight series: Background Materials, Choreography, Correspondence, Dance Companies, Programs, Reviews, Photographs, Performance, Audition, and Rehearsal Videos, and Posters.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Peter Sparling Papers include materials relating to Sparling's dance training, performance, and teaching. The papers are divided into eight series: Background Materials, Choreography, Correspondence, Dance Companies, Programs, Reviews, Photographs, Performance, Audition, and Rehearsal Videos, and Posters."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright is retained by Peter Sparling. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright is retained by Peter Sparling. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e7ba80ca0d30560d8aa900af8025f1a9\"\u003ePeter Sparling is Professor of Dance at the University of Michigan School of Music. Well known as both performer and choreographer, he has danced with Martha Graham and Jose Limon. Papers consist of materials relating to Sparling's dance training, performance, and teaching including background materials; choreography notes and sketches; correspondence; clippings and publicity from dance companies with whom he was associated; programs and reviews; photographs, video and film of performances; and posters.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Peter Sparling is Professor of Dance at the University of Michigan School of Music. Well known as both performer and choreographer, he has danced with Martha Graham and Jose Limon. Papers consist of materials relating to Sparling's dance training, performance, and teaching including background materials; choreography notes and sketches; correspondence; clippings and publicity from dance companies with whom he was associated; programs and reviews; photographs, video and film of performances; and posters."],"names_coll_ssim":["University of Michigan. -- Faculty.","University of Michigan. School of Music.","Sparling, Peter, 1951-","Sparling, Peter, 1951-","Sparling, Peter, Performances, 1951-"],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","University of Michigan. -- Faculty.","University of Michigan. School of Music.","Sparling, Peter.","Sparling, Peter, 1951-","Sparling, Peter, Performances, 1951-"],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","University of Michigan. -- Faculty.","University of Michigan. School of Music."],"persname_ssim":["Sparling, Peter.","Sparling, Peter, 1951-","Sparling, Peter, Performances, 1951-"],"language_ssim":["English","The material is in  English"],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":280,"online_item_count_is":24,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-0312","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:20.872Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-0312_aspace_23221ebed347a4b12161d8c139fcc0e2"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-0234_aspace_efd04ae5cab5f7d504a0cd6a1a2e7da3","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Background Information, 1971-1982","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-0234_aspace_efd04ae5cab5f7d504a0cd6a1a2e7da3#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_efd04ae5cab5f7d504a0cd6a1a2e7da3","ref_ssm":["aspace_efd04ae5cab5f7d504a0cd6a1a2e7da3","aspace_efd04ae5cab5f7d504a0cd6a1a2e7da3"],"id":"umich-bhl-0234_aspace_efd04ae5cab5f7d504a0cd6a1a2e7da3","title_filing_ssi":"Background Information","title_ssm":["Background Information"],"title_tesim":["Background Information"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1971-1982"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1971-1982"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Background Information, 1971-1982"],"text":["Background Information, 1971-1982","Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993","Litigation/Court Cases","Jabara vs. Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI)","box 3"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-0234","aspace_6ecf7d59a1116af0e6f62f241e4914fa","aspace_3b8662bc44c3401c4eeb3fca45463594"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_3b8662bc44c3401c4eeb3fca45463594","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-0234","umich-bhl-0234_aspace_6ecf7d59a1116af0e6f62f241e4914fa","umich-bhl-0234_aspace_3b8662bc44c3401c4eeb3fca45463594"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993","Litigation/Court Cases","Jabara vs. Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI)"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993","Litigation/Court Cases","Jabara vs. Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI)"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993"],"extent_ssm":["5 folders"],"extent_tesim":["5 folders"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":50,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to research except for indicated restricted files which require the written permission of the donor for access. These files open with the passing of Mr. Jabara."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Abdeen M. Jabara reserves copyright during his lifetime. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"date_range_isim":[1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982],"containers_ssim":["box 3"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#5/components#0","_nest_parent_":"umich-bhl-0234_aspace_3b8662bc44c3401c4eeb3fca45463594","_root_":"umich-bhl-0234","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:16.849Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-0234","title_ssm":["Abdeen Jabara papers"],"title_tesim":["Abdeen Jabara papers"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-0234","unitdate_ssm":["1956-1994","1968-1993"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1968-1993"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1956-1994"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0234 Aa 2"],"text":["0234 Aa 2","Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993","Israel -- Relations -- Lebanon.","Lebanon -- Relations -- Israel.","Arab Americans -- Civil rights.","Arab Americans -- Michigan.","Human rights -- Israel.","Human rights -- Palestine.","Lawyers -- Michigan.","Photographs.","The collection is open to research except for indicated restricted files which require the written permission of the donor for access. These files open with the passing of Mr. Jabara.","No further additions to the papers are expected.","Abdeen M. Jabara was born in Mancelona, Michigan in 1940 to Lebanese parents who had immigrated to the United States in the early 20th century, eventually settling in northern Michigan. Jabara took an interest in Middle Eastern affairs throughout his youth and upon graduation from high school in 1958 decided to attend the University of Michigan, largely because the school offered courses in Arabic and had a prominent Arab student population. During his early undergraduate years Jabara determined that in order to learn the Arabic language properly he would have to immerse himself in that culture and so he spent five months living in Cairo, Egypt. He then journeyed by freighter to Lebanon to visit his father's village, where he met his uncle for the first time."," Upon returning from this trip, Jabara's focus centered more on the completion of his undergraduate education at Michigan than on Middle East issues. However, during his years of law school at Wayne State University in Detroit he gradually became more involved with civil rights issues and founded a local chapter of the Civil Rights Research Council. He graduated from law school in 1965 and returned to Lebanon to further develop his Arabic language skills through additional schooling."," Jabara returned to Detroit in 1966 to open his law practice. In 1967, the Arab-Israeli war and the anti-Arab sentiment it created prompted Jabara to become heavily involved with Arab-American issues. Academics of Arab heritage met at the University of Michigan to discuss the political situation and formed the Association of Arab-American University Graduates (AAUG) in 1968. The mission of the AAUG was to promote educational and cultural activities and information about the Arab world and the Arab-American community. Jabara served as the first executive secretary and was later elected president of the group in 1972."," In 1970, Jabara joined the law firm of Lafferty, Reosti, Jabara, Papakhian, Stickgold, James and Smith in Detroit. For the next decade and a half he would fight for the rights of Arabs living or traveling in the United States as well as political activists in general. He did so by challenging the practice of collecting information and maintaining surveillance of Arabs and Arab Americans by such institutions as the Detroit and Michigan State Police, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Secretary of State. Jabara's own case against the FBI, for which he enlisted the help of the ACLU, finally ended in victory in 1984 with the FBI agreeing to destroy his file and acknowledging that collecting the information found within the file violated his constitutional rights."," Throughout his legal career Jabara would take on nationally prominent cases of Arabs and Arab-Americans. Such cases included Sirhan B. Sirhan, convicted in the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy in 1968, and Ziad Abu Eain, wanted for extradition to Israel for a 1979 Palestine Liberation Organization bombing."," Jabara was also involved in the National Lawyer's Guild, an organization founded as an alternative to the more conservative American Bar Association. In 1977 he traveled to Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and the Occupied Territories as part of the NLG's Middle East delegation to report on the condition and treatment of Palestinians living in the Occupied Territories. Jabara became president of the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee in 1986. The ADC, founded by former Senator James Abourezk in 1980, devoted itself to the protection of the rights of people of Arab descent and promoting their cultural heritage. Jabara now (2002) works for the ADC Research Institute in Washington D.C. He recently worked as part of the defense team for Omar Ahmad Ali Abdel Rahman, accused of plotting to blow up New York City landmarks and the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center. Jabara resides in New York City.","The collection has been divided into two series: Litigation/Court Cases and Political and Cultural Activities. The many files of correspondence and press clippings document the types of legal and political battles and causes that Jabara has tackled throughout his career. A limited amount of material in the collection is in Arabic, mostly correspondence and press clippings, and is noted as such in the contents list.","Abdeen M. Jabara reserves copyright during his lifetime. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","New York attorney originally based in Detroit. Jabara was concerned with issues of civil rights of Arab Americans and the rights of Arabs living or traveling in the United States. He challenged practice of law enforcement agencies to collect information and maintain surveillance of Arabs and Arab Americans. Jabara was involved in the murder trial of Sirhan Sirhan and the extradition case of Ziad Abu Eain. Litigation and case files; subject files regarding his Arab American activism, organizational involvements, and participation in the Middle East delegation of the National Lawyers Guild.","Bentley Historical Library","American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee.","B'nai B'rith. Anti-defamation League.","National Lawyers Guild.","Jabara, Abdeen.","Abu Ayn, Ziyad.","Jabara, Abdeen, 1940-","Sirhan, Sirhan Bishara, 1944- -- Trials, litigation, etc.","English","The material is in  English  and  Arabic ."],"unitid_tesim":["0234 Aa 2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993"],"collection_title_tesim":["Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993"],"collection_ssim":["Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Israel -- Relations -- Lebanon.","Lebanon -- Relations -- Israel."],"geogname_ssim":["Israel -- Relations -- Lebanon.","Lebanon -- Relations -- Israel."],"creator_ssm":["Jabara, Abdeen."],"creator_ssim":["Jabara, Abdeen."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Jabara, Abdeen."],"creators_ssim":["Jabara, Abdeen."],"places_ssim":["Israel -- Relations -- Lebanon.","Lebanon -- Relations -- Israel."],"access_terms_ssm":["Abdeen M. Jabara reserves copyright during his lifetime. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated by Abdeen M. Jabara (Donor No.  9120 ) and came to the library in August, 2001. Additions were received in 2007 and in 2012."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Arab Americans -- Civil rights.","Arab Americans -- Michigan.","Human rights -- Israel.","Human rights -- Palestine.","Lawyers -- Michigan.","Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Arab Americans -- Civil rights.","Arab Americans -- Michigan.","Human rights -- Israel.","Human rights -- Palestine.","Lawyers -- Michigan.","Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["14.4 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["14.4 linear feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs."],"date_range_isim":[1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research except for indicated restricted files which require the written permission of the donor for access. These files open with the passing of Mr. Jabara.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research except for indicated restricted files which require the written permission of the donor for access. These files open with the passing of Mr. Jabara."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo further additions to the papers are expected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["No further additions to the papers are expected."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAbdeen M. Jabara was born in Mancelona, Michigan in 1940 to Lebanese parents who had immigrated to the United States in the early 20th century, eventually settling in northern Michigan. Jabara took an interest in Middle Eastern affairs throughout his youth and upon graduation from high school in 1958 decided to attend the University of Michigan, largely because the school offered courses in Arabic and had a prominent Arab student population. During his early undergraduate years Jabara determined that in order to learn the Arabic language properly he would have to immerse himself in that culture and so he spent five months living in Cairo, Egypt. He then journeyed by freighter to Lebanon to visit his father's village, where he met his uncle for the first time.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Upon returning from this trip, Jabara's focus centered more on the completion of his undergraduate education at Michigan than on Middle East issues. However, during his years of law school at Wayne State University in Detroit he gradually became more involved with civil rights issues and founded a local chapter of the Civil Rights Research Council. He graduated from law school in 1965 and returned to Lebanon to further develop his Arabic language skills through additional schooling.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Jabara returned to Detroit in 1966 to open his law practice. In 1967, the Arab-Israeli war and the anti-Arab sentiment it created prompted Jabara to become heavily involved with Arab-American issues. Academics of Arab heritage met at the University of Michigan to discuss the political situation and formed the Association of Arab-American University Graduates (AAUG) in 1968. The mission of the AAUG was to promote educational and cultural activities and information about the Arab world and the Arab-American community. Jabara served as the first executive secretary and was later elected president of the group in 1972.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1970, Jabara joined the law firm of Lafferty, Reosti, Jabara, Papakhian, Stickgold, James and Smith in Detroit. For the next decade and a half he would fight for the rights of Arabs living or traveling in the United States as well as political activists in general. He did so by challenging the practice of collecting information and maintaining surveillance of Arabs and Arab Americans by such institutions as the Detroit and Michigan State Police, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Secretary of State. Jabara's own case against the FBI, for which he enlisted the help of the ACLU, finally ended in victory in 1984 with the FBI agreeing to destroy his file and acknowledging that collecting the information found within the file violated his constitutional rights.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Throughout his legal career Jabara would take on nationally prominent cases of Arabs and Arab-Americans. Such cases included Sirhan B. Sirhan, convicted in the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy in 1968, and Ziad Abu Eain, wanted for extradition to Israel for a 1979 Palestine Liberation Organization bombing.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Jabara was also involved in the National Lawyer's Guild, an organization founded as an alternative to the more conservative American Bar Association. In 1977 he traveled to Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and the Occupied Territories as part of the NLG's Middle East delegation to report on the condition and treatment of Palestinians living in the Occupied Territories. Jabara became president of the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee in 1986. The ADC, founded by former Senator James Abourezk in 1980, devoted itself to the protection of the rights of people of Arab descent and promoting their cultural heritage. Jabara now (2002) works for the ADC Research Institute in Washington D.C. He recently worked as part of the defense team for Omar Ahmad Ali Abdel Rahman, accused of plotting to blow up New York City landmarks and the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center. Jabara resides in New York City.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Abdeen M. Jabara was born in Mancelona, Michigan in 1940 to Lebanese parents who had immigrated to the United States in the early 20th century, eventually settling in northern Michigan. Jabara took an interest in Middle Eastern affairs throughout his youth and upon graduation from high school in 1958 decided to attend the University of Michigan, largely because the school offered courses in Arabic and had a prominent Arab student population. During his early undergraduate years Jabara determined that in order to learn the Arabic language properly he would have to immerse himself in that culture and so he spent five months living in Cairo, Egypt. He then journeyed by freighter to Lebanon to visit his father's village, where he met his uncle for the first time."," Upon returning from this trip, Jabara's focus centered more on the completion of his undergraduate education at Michigan than on Middle East issues. However, during his years of law school at Wayne State University in Detroit he gradually became more involved with civil rights issues and founded a local chapter of the Civil Rights Research Council. He graduated from law school in 1965 and returned to Lebanon to further develop his Arabic language skills through additional schooling."," Jabara returned to Detroit in 1966 to open his law practice. In 1967, the Arab-Israeli war and the anti-Arab sentiment it created prompted Jabara to become heavily involved with Arab-American issues. Academics of Arab heritage met at the University of Michigan to discuss the political situation and formed the Association of Arab-American University Graduates (AAUG) in 1968. The mission of the AAUG was to promote educational and cultural activities and information about the Arab world and the Arab-American community. Jabara served as the first executive secretary and was later elected president of the group in 1972."," In 1970, Jabara joined the law firm of Lafferty, Reosti, Jabara, Papakhian, Stickgold, James and Smith in Detroit. For the next decade and a half he would fight for the rights of Arabs living or traveling in the United States as well as political activists in general. He did so by challenging the practice of collecting information and maintaining surveillance of Arabs and Arab Americans by such institutions as the Detroit and Michigan State Police, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Secretary of State. Jabara's own case against the FBI, for which he enlisted the help of the ACLU, finally ended in victory in 1984 with the FBI agreeing to destroy his file and acknowledging that collecting the information found within the file violated his constitutional rights."," Throughout his legal career Jabara would take on nationally prominent cases of Arabs and Arab-Americans. Such cases included Sirhan B. Sirhan, convicted in the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy in 1968, and Ziad Abu Eain, wanted for extradition to Israel for a 1979 Palestine Liberation Organization bombing."," Jabara was also involved in the National Lawyer's Guild, an organization founded as an alternative to the more conservative American Bar Association. In 1977 he traveled to Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and the Occupied Territories as part of the NLG's Middle East delegation to report on the condition and treatment of Palestinians living in the Occupied Territories. Jabara became president of the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee in 1986. The ADC, founded by former Senator James Abourezk in 1980, devoted itself to the protection of the rights of people of Arab descent and promoting their cultural heritage. Jabara now (2002) works for the ADC Research Institute in Washington D.C. He recently worked as part of the defense team for Omar Ahmad Ali Abdel Rahman, accused of plotting to blow up New York City landmarks and the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center. Jabara resides in New York City."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item], folder, box, Abdeen Jabara papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item], folder, box, Abdeen Jabara papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been divided into two series: Litigation/Court Cases and Political and Cultural Activities. The many files of correspondence and press clippings document the types of legal and political battles and causes that Jabara has tackled throughout his career. A limited amount of material in the collection is in Arabic, mostly correspondence and press clippings, and is noted as such in the contents list.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection has been divided into two series: Litigation/Court Cases and Political and Cultural Activities. The many files of correspondence and press clippings document the types of legal and political battles and causes that Jabara has tackled throughout his career. A limited amount of material in the collection is in Arabic, mostly correspondence and press clippings, and is noted as such in the contents list."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAbdeen M. Jabara reserves copyright during his lifetime. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Abdeen M. Jabara reserves copyright during his lifetime. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c5e379c29afd7cfcdefb5c46ebbbf0dc\"\u003eNew York attorney originally based in Detroit. Jabara was concerned with issues of civil rights of Arab Americans and the rights of Arabs living or traveling in the United States. He challenged practice of law enforcement agencies to collect information and maintain surveillance of Arabs and Arab Americans. Jabara was involved in the murder trial of Sirhan Sirhan and the extradition case of Ziad Abu Eain. Litigation and case files; subject files regarding his Arab American activism, organizational involvements, and participation in the Middle East delegation of the National Lawyers Guild.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["New York attorney originally based in Detroit. Jabara was concerned with issues of civil rights of Arab Americans and the rights of Arabs living or traveling in the United States. He challenged practice of law enforcement agencies to collect information and maintain surveillance of Arabs and Arab Americans. Jabara was involved in the murder trial of Sirhan Sirhan and the extradition case of Ziad Abu Eain. Litigation and case files; subject files regarding his Arab American activism, organizational involvements, and participation in the Middle East delegation of the National Lawyers Guild."],"names_coll_ssim":["American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee.","B'nai B'rith. Anti-defamation League.","National Lawyers Guild.","Abu Ayn, Ziyad.","Jabara, Abdeen, 1940-","Sirhan, Sirhan Bishara, 1944- -- Trials, litigation, etc."],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee.","B'nai B'rith. Anti-defamation League.","National Lawyers Guild.","Jabara, Abdeen.","Abu Ayn, Ziyad.","Jabara, Abdeen, 1940-","Sirhan, Sirhan Bishara, 1944- -- Trials, litigation, etc."],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee.","B'nai B'rith. Anti-defamation League.","National Lawyers Guild."],"persname_ssim":["Jabara, Abdeen.","Abu Ayn, Ziyad.","Jabara, Abdeen, 1940-","Sirhan, Sirhan Bishara, 1944- -- Trials, litigation, etc."],"language_ssim":["English","The material is in  English  and  Arabic ."],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":253,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-0234","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:16.849Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-0234_aspace_efd04ae5cab5f7d504a0cd6a1a2e7da3"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968","value":"Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968","hits":346},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Clarke+Family+Papers%2C+1904-1968\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026view=list"}},{"attributes":{"label":"David V. 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