{"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=106","prev":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=105","next":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=107","last":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026page=417"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":106,"next_page":107,"prev_page":105,"total_pages":417,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":1050,"total_count":4162,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"ahstephens_aspace_ref76_zsd","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Bills/Receipts, 1836-1859","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ahstephens_aspace_ref76_zsd#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_ref76_zsd","ref_ssm":["aspace_ref76_zsd","aspace_ref76_zsd"],"id":"ahstephens_aspace_ref76_zsd","title_filing_ssi":"Bills/Receipts, 1836-1859","title_ssm":["Bills/Receipts, 1836-1859"],"title_tesim":["Bills/Receipts, 1836-1859"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bills/Receipts, 1836-1859"],"text":["Bills/Receipts, 1836-1859","Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","Financial Papers, 1836-1880","box 6"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["ahstephens","aspace_ref74_ckc"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_ref74_ckc","parent_ids_ssim":["ahstephens","ahstephens_aspace_ref74_ckc"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","Financial Papers, 1836-1880"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","Financial Papers, 1836-1880"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"collection_ssim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":59,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3389\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r33j3995j\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3390\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r37941386\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3391\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3qn5zk8t\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3392\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3028pn47\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3393\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3vd6pd0m\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3394\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3vm4358m\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3395\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3qv3cc30\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3396\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3599zb4v\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3397\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3930p472\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3398\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r30c4st49\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3399\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3dv1cz13\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3400\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3154dz6r\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3401\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3rr1pw9v\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3402\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3n010369\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3403\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3vq2sk6k\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3404\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3wh2dq3m\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3405\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r30c4st9q\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3406\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3qz22s39\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3407\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3599z96c\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3408\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3dv1cx3m\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3409\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r31j97h2m\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3410\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3930p39k\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3411\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r38g8fs38\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 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3420\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3kk94n3z\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3421\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3bn9xb5x\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3422\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3m32nj82\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3423\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3gb1xr5d\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3424\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3s46hg40\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3425\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3nc5sp0v\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3426\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r31j97j1k\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3427\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3ws8hw53\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3428\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3cf9jg8v\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3429\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r37p8tp4q\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3430\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r33x83w0z\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3431\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3h708925\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3432\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r30863f78\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3433\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3vh5ct3c\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3434\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3s17t217\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3435\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3nc5sn1w\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3436\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3ws8hv5n\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3437\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r36w96j6k\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3438\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3gf0n54n\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3439\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3m61bz9v\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3440\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3bn9xc0z\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3441\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r30z71555\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3442\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3w669j03\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3443\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3rj49392\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3444\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3tm7287w\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3445\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3348gq86\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3446\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r36w96j2n\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3447\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3zc7s32r\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3448\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3ft8dt8q\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3449\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3b27q13t\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3450\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3697070j\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3451\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r32n4zs9q\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3452\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3td9nh2b\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3453\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r32v2cj7w\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3454\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3z60c95j\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3455\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r36m33c05\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3456\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3hm52v50\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3457\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3cv4c218\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3458\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3833n77t\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3459\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3bg2hk85\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3460\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3m03z675\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3461\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3qr4p104\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3462\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3g737d3d\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3463\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3tq5rp6b\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3464\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3zg6gg90\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3465\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3348gr37\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3466\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3hm52t7h\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3467\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3cv4c13s\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3468\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3833n69b\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3469\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r37h1dw3k\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3470\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3c824p7q\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3471\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3h12vh13\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1836-1859, letter 3472\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3ms3k96d\"}"],"containers_ssim":["box 6"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0","_nest_parent_":"ahstephens_aspace_ref74_ckc","_root_":"ahstephens","timestamp":"2025-02-18T22:57:49.296Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"ahstephens","title_ssm":["Alexander H. Stephens papers"],"title_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers"],"ead_ssi":"ahstephens","unitdate_ssm":["1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RL.10096"],"text":["RL.10096","Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees","Slavery -- Georgia","Collection is open for research.","Alexander Hamilton Stephens was born in Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia on\n        February 11, 1812 to Andrew B. and Margaret Grier Stephens. He graduated from Franklin\n        College (later the University of Georgia) in 1832, where he was a member of the Phi Kappa\n        Literary Society. He taught school for the next eighteen months while pursuing legal studies\n        and passed the bar in Georgia in 1834. Stephens maintained a successful law practice for\n        thirty-two years while simultaneously serving as an elected official in both state and\n        federal political realms and as Vice President of the Confederate States of America. He died\n        in 1883.","Chronology List 1836 Elected to the Georgia House of Representatives as a Whig; served until\n              1840 1842 Elected to the Georgia State Senate; served for one year. 1843 Elected to the United States Congress; served until 1859 1861 Elected to attend the Secession Convention of Georgia 1861 Elected Vice President of the Confederate States of America 1865 Arrested by the United States; served five months in prison 1866 Elected to the United States Senate but not allowed to take his seat 1873 Elected to United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of\n              Ambrose R. Wright; served until his resignation in 1882 1882 Elected Governor of Georgia 1883, March 4 Died in Georgia","Processed by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Encoded by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Multiple accessions were merged into one collection, described in this finding aid.","John Jordan Crittenden Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library Alfred Gumming\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Marmaduke Hamilton\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Paul Hamilton Hayne\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Alexander Hamilton Stephens Letters,\n            Microfilm, Manhattanville College David M.\n            Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","The collection includes correspondence, bills and receipts, financial papers, legal papers,\n        political papers, clippings and printed material and ranges in date from 1823-1954, with the\n        bulk dated 1823-1883. Due to preservation concerns, some items were copied onto acid-free\n        paper and stamped as preservation copies. The originals were placed in mylar and are located\n        in Box 7. Patrons should consult with Rubenstein Library staff before handling these\n        materials.","The vast majority of the collection is comprised of correspondence, covering the years\n        1823-1883. Many of the letters in the collection were written to Stephens, although there\n        are letters written in his own hand. Throughout the correspondence are letters written to\n        Stephens by various family members, most notably his brothers John and Linton. The bulk of\n        the correspondence pertains to Stephens' law work, regarding issues such as the settling of\n        estates and the collection of debts. The most prominent topics include family matters,\n        business and legal matters and Stephens' health. Given the expansive amount of\n        correspondence, below is a breakdown by decade of other topics which appear, in an effort to\n        assist the researcher in locating materials of interest:","Correspondence 1823-1839: Topics include States' Rights, slavery, and an Indian war in\n        Florida [possibly the Creek War]. There is a letter from Herschel V. Johnson who sought\n        advice from Stephens in 1839 regarding negotiations with a railroad company.","Correspondence 1840-1849: Topics include local and national politics/views, opinions about\n        President Martin Van Buren, \"agricultural politics,\" Thomas Dorr and the People's Party, the\n        purchasing of slaves, the 1843 Boston visit of President John Tyler and Vice President\n        Daniel Webster, Stephens' nomination to serve in the U. S. Congress, Whigs and Democrats\n        (Stephens was invited to attend several Whig-sponsored barbeques), and the death of\n        Stephens' brother Aaron. There is a letter from United States Representative Marshall\n        Johnson Wellborn which discusses the Judiciary Act (1841). There are also a substantial\n        number of letters written by and to John Bird and letters written to him and Stephens (they\n        were likely law partners). Of note are two letters written in 1844 by [Sarvis] Pearson\n        (presumably a client of Stephens or his firm) to his estranged wife Mary S. Pearson which\n        offer insight into the subject of divorce and marital discord of the time period.","Correspondence 1850-1859: Letters written by Stephens start to appear more frequently.\n        Topics include largely family and legal matters.","Correspondence 1860-1869: Topics include employment inquiries both pre- and post-Civil War,\n        autograph requests, Stephens' book about the Civil War, and the social history of a\n        post-Civil War Georgia. Items of note: There are petitions (1860) by Stephens' district\n        constituents asking him to address them about the presidential election. There are letters\n        asking him for permission to travel into the Union. There are a couple of letters written by\n        Stephens to Jefferson Davis. There is a letter from March 1860 to Pearce Stevons [Stephens]\n        by Rody Jordan, both of whom were not only brothers but slaves as well. The letter is likely\n        written by someone other than Jordan. A letter to Stephens in October 1866 states that his\n        former slave Pearce was charged with murder and asks for Stephens' legal counsel at Pearce's\n        request (he apparently complied based on a letter from 1869).","Correspondence 1870-1879: Topics include requests for employment and financial help,\n        requests for letters of recommendation, Linton Stephens' death, Stephens' paper the  Daily and Weekly Sun , the federal government, autograph requests,\n        and Stephens' work with the Committee on Standard Weights and Measures. Item of note: There\n        are documents from 1873 concerning an illegal distilling and corruption case in Georgia.","Correspondence 1880-1883: Topics includes Stephens' opinion of President James A. Garfield,\n        his bid for Governor, requests for financial help and letters of recommendation for men\n        interested in state posts appointed by the Governor, such as Physician of the Georgia\n        Penitentiary. Items of note: There is a letter dated 1883 signed by Secretary of War, Robert\n        Todd Lincoln. There are two letters from 1882 which offer some insight into African-American\n        involvement in Georgia politics.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library.","Alexander H. Stephens (1812-1883) was a\n        Georgia lawyer, politician and Vice President of the Confederate States of\n        America.","The collection includes a large amount\n        of correspondence as well as bills/receipts, financial papers, legal papers, political\n        papers, clippings and printed material. It ranges in date from 1823 to 1954, with the bulk\n        covering 1823-1883.","For current information on the location\n        of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog.","David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926","English"],"unitid_tesim":["RL.10096"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"collection_ssim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"repository_ssm":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"repository_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees"],"creator_ssm":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"creator_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"creators_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Alexander H. Stephens Papers were received by the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n        Manuscript Library as purchases between 1946-1962."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery -- Georgia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery -- Georgia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["8 Linear Feet","approx. 3,000\n          Items"],"extent_tesim":["8 Linear Feet","approx. 3,000\n          Items"],"date_range_isim":[1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexander Hamilton Stephens was born in Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia on\n        February 11, 1812 to Andrew B. and Margaret Grier Stephens. He graduated from Franklin\n        College (later the University of Georgia) in 1832, where he was a member of the Phi Kappa\n        Literary Society. He taught school for the next eighteen months while pursuing legal studies\n        and passed the bar in Georgia in 1834. Stephens maintained a successful law practice for\n        thirty-two years while simultaneously serving as an elected official in both state and\n        federal political realms and as Vice President of the Confederate States of America. He died\n        in 1883.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cchronlist\u003e\n        \u003chead\u003eChronology List\u003c/head\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1836\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the Georgia House of Representatives as a Whig; served until\n              1840\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1842\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the Georgia State Senate; served for one year.\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1843\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the United States Congress; served until 1859\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1861\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to attend the Secession Convention of Georgia\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1861\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected Vice President of the Confederate States of America\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1865\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eArrested by the United States; served five months in prison\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1866\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the United States Senate but not allowed to take his seat\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1873\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of\n              Ambrose R. Wright; served until his resignation in 1882\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1882\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected Governor of Georgia\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1883, March 4\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eDied in Georgia\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003c/chronlist\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alexander Hamilton Stephens was born in Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia on\n        February 11, 1812 to Andrew B. and Margaret Grier Stephens. He graduated from Franklin\n        College (later the University of Georgia) in 1832, where he was a member of the Phi Kappa\n        Literary Society. He taught school for the next eighteen months while pursuing legal studies\n        and passed the bar in Georgia in 1834. Stephens maintained a successful law practice for\n        thirty-two years while simultaneously serving as an elected official in both state and\n        federal political realms and as Vice President of the Confederate States of America. He died\n        in 1883.","Chronology List 1836 Elected to the Georgia House of Representatives as a Whig; served until\n              1840 1842 Elected to the Georgia State Senate; served for one year. 1843 Elected to the United States Congress; served until 1859 1861 Elected to attend the Secession Convention of Georgia 1861 Elected Vice President of the Confederate States of America 1865 Arrested by the United States; served five months in prison 1866 Elected to the United States Senate but not allowed to take his seat 1873 Elected to United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of\n              Ambrose R. Wright; served until his resignation in 1882 1882 Elected Governor of Georgia 1883, March 4 Died in Georgia"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Alexander H. Stephens Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n        Manuscript Library\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Alexander H. Stephens Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n        Manuscript Library"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Kimberly Sims, November 2008\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by Kimberly Sims, November 2008\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMultiple accessions were merged into one collection, described in this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Encoded by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Multiple accessions were merged into one collection, described in this finding aid."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eJohn Jordan Crittenden Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eAlfred Gumming\n            Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n            Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eMarmaduke Hamilton\n            Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n            Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003ePaul Hamilton Hayne\n            Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n            Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eAlexander Hamilton Stephens Letters,\n            Microfilm, Manhattanville College\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M.\n            Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["John Jordan Crittenden Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library Alfred Gumming\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Marmaduke Hamilton\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Paul Hamilton Hayne\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Alexander Hamilton Stephens Letters,\n            Microfilm, Manhattanville College David M.\n            Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes correspondence, bills and receipts, financial papers, legal papers,\n        political papers, clippings and printed material and ranges in date from 1823-1954, with the\n        bulk dated 1823-1883. Due to preservation concerns, some items were copied onto acid-free\n        paper and stamped as preservation copies. The originals were placed in mylar and are located\n        in Box 7. Patrons should consult with Rubenstein Library staff before handling these\n        materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe vast majority of the collection is comprised of correspondence, covering the years\n        1823-1883. Many of the letters in the collection were written to Stephens, although there\n        are letters written in his own hand. Throughout the correspondence are letters written to\n        Stephens by various family members, most notably his brothers John and Linton. The bulk of\n        the correspondence pertains to Stephens' law work, regarding issues such as the settling of\n        estates and the collection of debts. The most prominent topics include family matters,\n        business and legal matters and Stephens' health. Given the expansive amount of\n        correspondence, below is a breakdown by decade of other topics which appear, in an effort to\n        assist the researcher in locating materials of interest:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1823-1839: Topics include States' Rights, slavery, and an Indian war in\n        Florida [possibly the Creek War]. There is a letter from Herschel V. Johnson who sought\n        advice from Stephens in 1839 regarding negotiations with a railroad company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1840-1849: Topics include local and national politics/views, opinions about\n        President Martin Van Buren, \"agricultural politics,\" Thomas Dorr and the People's Party, the\n        purchasing of slaves, the 1843 Boston visit of President John Tyler and Vice President\n        Daniel Webster, Stephens' nomination to serve in the U. S. Congress, Whigs and Democrats\n        (Stephens was invited to attend several Whig-sponsored barbeques), and the death of\n        Stephens' brother Aaron. There is a letter from United States Representative Marshall\n        Johnson Wellborn which discusses the Judiciary Act (1841). There are also a substantial\n        number of letters written by and to John Bird and letters written to him and Stephens (they\n        were likely law partners). Of note are two letters written in 1844 by [Sarvis] Pearson\n        (presumably a client of Stephens or his firm) to his estranged wife Mary S. Pearson which\n        offer insight into the subject of divorce and marital discord of the time period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1850-1859: Letters written by Stephens start to appear more frequently.\n        Topics include largely family and legal matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1860-1869: Topics include employment inquiries both pre- and post-Civil War,\n        autograph requests, Stephens' book about the Civil War, and the social history of a\n        post-Civil War Georgia. Items of note: There are petitions (1860) by Stephens' district\n        constituents asking him to address them about the presidential election. There are letters\n        asking him for permission to travel into the Union. There are a couple of letters written by\n        Stephens to Jefferson Davis. There is a letter from March 1860 to Pearce Stevons [Stephens]\n        by Rody Jordan, both of whom were not only brothers but slaves as well. The letter is likely\n        written by someone other than Jordan. A letter to Stephens in October 1866 states that his\n        former slave Pearce was charged with murder and asks for Stephens' legal counsel at Pearce's\n        request (he apparently complied based on a letter from 1869).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1870-1879: Topics include requests for employment and financial help,\n        requests for letters of recommendation, Linton Stephens' death, Stephens' paper the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily and Weekly Sun\u003c/title\u003e, the federal government, autograph requests,\n        and Stephens' work with the Committee on Standard Weights and Measures. Item of note: There\n        are documents from 1873 concerning an illegal distilling and corruption case in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1880-1883: Topics includes Stephens' opinion of President James A. Garfield,\n        his bid for Governor, requests for financial help and letters of recommendation for men\n        interested in state posts appointed by the Governor, such as Physician of the Georgia\n        Penitentiary. Items of note: There is a letter dated 1883 signed by Secretary of War, Robert\n        Todd Lincoln. There are two letters from 1882 which offer some insight into African-American\n        involvement in Georgia politics.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Collection Overview"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes correspondence, bills and receipts, financial papers, legal papers,\n        political papers, clippings and printed material and ranges in date from 1823-1954, with the\n        bulk dated 1823-1883. Due to preservation concerns, some items were copied onto acid-free\n        paper and stamped as preservation copies. The originals were placed in mylar and are located\n        in Box 7. Patrons should consult with Rubenstein Library staff before handling these\n        materials.","The vast majority of the collection is comprised of correspondence, covering the years\n        1823-1883. Many of the letters in the collection were written to Stephens, although there\n        are letters written in his own hand. Throughout the correspondence are letters written to\n        Stephens by various family members, most notably his brothers John and Linton. The bulk of\n        the correspondence pertains to Stephens' law work, regarding issues such as the settling of\n        estates and the collection of debts. The most prominent topics include family matters,\n        business and legal matters and Stephens' health. Given the expansive amount of\n        correspondence, below is a breakdown by decade of other topics which appear, in an effort to\n        assist the researcher in locating materials of interest:","Correspondence 1823-1839: Topics include States' Rights, slavery, and an Indian war in\n        Florida [possibly the Creek War]. There is a letter from Herschel V. Johnson who sought\n        advice from Stephens in 1839 regarding negotiations with a railroad company.","Correspondence 1840-1849: Topics include local and national politics/views, opinions about\n        President Martin Van Buren, \"agricultural politics,\" Thomas Dorr and the People's Party, the\n        purchasing of slaves, the 1843 Boston visit of President John Tyler and Vice President\n        Daniel Webster, Stephens' nomination to serve in the U. S. Congress, Whigs and Democrats\n        (Stephens was invited to attend several Whig-sponsored barbeques), and the death of\n        Stephens' brother Aaron. There is a letter from United States Representative Marshall\n        Johnson Wellborn which discusses the Judiciary Act (1841). There are also a substantial\n        number of letters written by and to John Bird and letters written to him and Stephens (they\n        were likely law partners). Of note are two letters written in 1844 by [Sarvis] Pearson\n        (presumably a client of Stephens or his firm) to his estranged wife Mary S. Pearson which\n        offer insight into the subject of divorce and marital discord of the time period.","Correspondence 1850-1859: Letters written by Stephens start to appear more frequently.\n        Topics include largely family and legal matters.","Correspondence 1860-1869: Topics include employment inquiries both pre- and post-Civil War,\n        autograph requests, Stephens' book about the Civil War, and the social history of a\n        post-Civil War Georgia. Items of note: There are petitions (1860) by Stephens' district\n        constituents asking him to address them about the presidential election. There are letters\n        asking him for permission to travel into the Union. There are a couple of letters written by\n        Stephens to Jefferson Davis. There is a letter from March 1860 to Pearce Stevons [Stephens]\n        by Rody Jordan, both of whom were not only brothers but slaves as well. The letter is likely\n        written by someone other than Jordan. A letter to Stephens in October 1866 states that his\n        former slave Pearce was charged with murder and asks for Stephens' legal counsel at Pearce's\n        request (he apparently complied based on a letter from 1869).","Correspondence 1870-1879: Topics include requests for employment and financial help,\n        requests for letters of recommendation, Linton Stephens' death, Stephens' paper the  Daily and Weekly Sun , the federal government, autograph requests,\n        and Stephens' work with the Committee on Standard Weights and Measures. Item of note: There\n        are documents from 1873 concerning an illegal distilling and corruption case in Georgia.","Correspondence 1880-1883: Topics includes Stephens' opinion of President James A. Garfield,\n        his bid for Governor, requests for financial help and letters of recommendation for men\n        interested in state posts appointed by the Governor, such as Physician of the Georgia\n        Penitentiary. Items of note: There is a letter dated 1883 signed by Secretary of War, Robert\n        Todd Lincoln. There are two letters from 1882 which offer some insight into African-American\n        involvement in Georgia politics."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Notice"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_849632dcb81574966843dcbe5b428838\"\u003eAlexander H. Stephens (1812-1883) was a\n        Georgia lawyer, politician and Vice President of the Confederate States of\n        America.\u003c/abstract\u003e","\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c9c5c1283c14f11d61a94c6bb6711c7a\"\u003eThe collection includes a large amount\n        of correspondence as well as bills/receipts, financial papers, legal papers, political\n        papers, clippings and printed material. It ranges in date from 1823 to 1954, with the bulk\n        covering 1823-1883.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens (1812-1883) was a\n        Georgia lawyer, politician and Vice President of the Confederate States of\n        America.","The collection includes a large amount\n        of correspondence as well as bills/receipts, financial papers, legal papers, political\n        papers, clippings and printed material. It ranges in date from 1823 to 1954, with the bulk\n        covering 1823-1883."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_38e97c13005bd86e481006cee204cb70\"\u003eFor current information on the location\n        of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["For current information on the location\n        of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog."],"names_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926"],"corpname_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926"],"persname_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":73,"online_item_count_is":4055,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"ahstephens","timestamp":"2025-02-18T22:57:49.296Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ahstephens_aspace_ref76_zsd"}},{"id":"ahstephens_aspace_ref77_jtx","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Bills/Receipts, 1860-1869","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ahstephens_aspace_ref77_jtx#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_ref77_jtx","ref_ssm":["aspace_ref77_jtx","aspace_ref77_jtx"],"id":"ahstephens_aspace_ref77_jtx","title_filing_ssi":"Bills/Receipts, 1860-1869","title_ssm":["Bills/Receipts, 1860-1869"],"title_tesim":["Bills/Receipts, 1860-1869"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bills/Receipts, 1860-1869"],"text":["Bills/Receipts, 1860-1869","Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","Financial Papers, 1836-1880","box 6"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["ahstephens","aspace_ref74_ckc"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_ref74_ckc","parent_ids_ssim":["ahstephens","ahstephens_aspace_ref74_ckc"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","Financial Papers, 1836-1880"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","Financial Papers, 1836-1880"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"collection_ssim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":60,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3473\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3xw4855m\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3474\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3t43jc1s\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3475\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3pc2tj71\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3476\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3ff3m78w\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3477\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3k35mn99\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3478\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r39p2wf57\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3479\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3pv6bg28\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3480\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3jw86w3b\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3481\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3pn8xp8k\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3482\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r30p0x13r\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3483\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r34b2xf45\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3484\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3vx06c84\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3485\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r36q1ss41\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3486\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3319sc2w\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3487\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3z892q8r\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3488\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3r49gj49\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3489\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r34b2xd56\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3490\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r30k26m0z\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3491\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3vt1gz6f\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3492\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3k64b272\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3493\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r39p2wf95\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3494\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3ff3m83x\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3495\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3qj7869t\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 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3504\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3930p44m\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3505\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3jm23r2s\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3506\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3dv1cx7j\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3507\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3f47h28t\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3508\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r31z4221g\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3509\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r39c6s84p\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3510\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r35m62g1d\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3511\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3r49gk4r\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3512\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3736mb9j\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3513\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3mc8rr9h\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3514\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3bv7b52h\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3515\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3gm81z5r\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3516\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3k06x96f\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3517\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3th8bx4m\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3518\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3f766h2p\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3519\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3pr7n40w\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3520\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3280575s\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3521\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r35x25n6w\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3522\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3xg9fm1b\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3523\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3mc8rr05\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3524\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3bv7b43j\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3525\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r33b5wh4g\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3526\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3736m993\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3527\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3gm81x6s\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3528\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r36h4d028\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3529\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3g15tm0c\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3530\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3b853s60\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3531\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3ks6jd46\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3532\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3j67952d\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3533\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r38p5vj50\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3534\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3nv99k3h\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3535\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3df6kb94\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3536\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3s46hg1j\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3537\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3ww7785c\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3538\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r31n7xw9g\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3539\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r35d8nq2r\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3540\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3hx16013\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3541\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3d50g57n\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3542\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3np1ws6x\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3543\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3sf2mm15\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3544\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3x63bd78\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3545\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3tx35g8w\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3546\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3zp3w928\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3547\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r33f4kx8q\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3548\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3x921t82\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3549\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r39g5gp8x\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3550\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3222rg3p\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3551\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3sj1b15t\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3552\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r35t3g861\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3553\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3tx35f8f\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3554\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3q52fn4m\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3555\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3zk55w0z\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3556\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3kd1qv0g\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3557\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3sq8qs63\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3558\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3df6kc3p\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3559\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3nz81018\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3560\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3j67957t\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3561\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3z31nx77\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3562\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r32r3p58h\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3563\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3pk0798n\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3564\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3tb0z43h\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3565\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3rn30g9x\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3566\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r34x54r0r\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3567\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3154dx69\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3568\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3n01026v\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3569\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3wd3q92t\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3570\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r34q7qz43\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3571\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3w669h52\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3572\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r30z71517\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3573\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r38c9rc4f\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3574\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3862bm7p\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3575\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3hm52v12\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3576\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3nc5sn69\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3577\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3cv4c186\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3578\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r30p0x109\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3579\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3j09wd66\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3580\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3d795m2f\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1860-1869, letter 3581\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3ns0m71p\"}"],"containers_ssim":["box 6"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#1","_nest_parent_":"ahstephens_aspace_ref74_ckc","_root_":"ahstephens","timestamp":"2025-02-18T22:57:49.296Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"ahstephens","title_ssm":["Alexander H. Stephens papers"],"title_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers"],"ead_ssi":"ahstephens","unitdate_ssm":["1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RL.10096"],"text":["RL.10096","Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees","Slavery -- Georgia","Collection is open for research.","Alexander Hamilton Stephens was born in Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia on\n        February 11, 1812 to Andrew B. and Margaret Grier Stephens. He graduated from Franklin\n        College (later the University of Georgia) in 1832, where he was a member of the Phi Kappa\n        Literary Society. He taught school for the next eighteen months while pursuing legal studies\n        and passed the bar in Georgia in 1834. Stephens maintained a successful law practice for\n        thirty-two years while simultaneously serving as an elected official in both state and\n        federal political realms and as Vice President of the Confederate States of America. He died\n        in 1883.","Chronology List 1836 Elected to the Georgia House of Representatives as a Whig; served until\n              1840 1842 Elected to the Georgia State Senate; served for one year. 1843 Elected to the United States Congress; served until 1859 1861 Elected to attend the Secession Convention of Georgia 1861 Elected Vice President of the Confederate States of America 1865 Arrested by the United States; served five months in prison 1866 Elected to the United States Senate but not allowed to take his seat 1873 Elected to United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of\n              Ambrose R. Wright; served until his resignation in 1882 1882 Elected Governor of Georgia 1883, March 4 Died in Georgia","Processed by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Encoded by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Multiple accessions were merged into one collection, described in this finding aid.","John Jordan Crittenden Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library Alfred Gumming\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Marmaduke Hamilton\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Paul Hamilton Hayne\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Alexander Hamilton Stephens Letters,\n            Microfilm, Manhattanville College David M.\n            Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","The collection includes correspondence, bills and receipts, financial papers, legal papers,\n        political papers, clippings and printed material and ranges in date from 1823-1954, with the\n        bulk dated 1823-1883. Due to preservation concerns, some items were copied onto acid-free\n        paper and stamped as preservation copies. The originals were placed in mylar and are located\n        in Box 7. Patrons should consult with Rubenstein Library staff before handling these\n        materials.","The vast majority of the collection is comprised of correspondence, covering the years\n        1823-1883. Many of the letters in the collection were written to Stephens, although there\n        are letters written in his own hand. Throughout the correspondence are letters written to\n        Stephens by various family members, most notably his brothers John and Linton. The bulk of\n        the correspondence pertains to Stephens' law work, regarding issues such as the settling of\n        estates and the collection of debts. The most prominent topics include family matters,\n        business and legal matters and Stephens' health. Given the expansive amount of\n        correspondence, below is a breakdown by decade of other topics which appear, in an effort to\n        assist the researcher in locating materials of interest:","Correspondence 1823-1839: Topics include States' Rights, slavery, and an Indian war in\n        Florida [possibly the Creek War]. There is a letter from Herschel V. Johnson who sought\n        advice from Stephens in 1839 regarding negotiations with a railroad company.","Correspondence 1840-1849: Topics include local and national politics/views, opinions about\n        President Martin Van Buren, \"agricultural politics,\" Thomas Dorr and the People's Party, the\n        purchasing of slaves, the 1843 Boston visit of President John Tyler and Vice President\n        Daniel Webster, Stephens' nomination to serve in the U. S. Congress, Whigs and Democrats\n        (Stephens was invited to attend several Whig-sponsored barbeques), and the death of\n        Stephens' brother Aaron. There is a letter from United States Representative Marshall\n        Johnson Wellborn which discusses the Judiciary Act (1841). There are also a substantial\n        number of letters written by and to John Bird and letters written to him and Stephens (they\n        were likely law partners). Of note are two letters written in 1844 by [Sarvis] Pearson\n        (presumably a client of Stephens or his firm) to his estranged wife Mary S. Pearson which\n        offer insight into the subject of divorce and marital discord of the time period.","Correspondence 1850-1859: Letters written by Stephens start to appear more frequently.\n        Topics include largely family and legal matters.","Correspondence 1860-1869: Topics include employment inquiries both pre- and post-Civil War,\n        autograph requests, Stephens' book about the Civil War, and the social history of a\n        post-Civil War Georgia. Items of note: There are petitions (1860) by Stephens' district\n        constituents asking him to address them about the presidential election. There are letters\n        asking him for permission to travel into the Union. There are a couple of letters written by\n        Stephens to Jefferson Davis. There is a letter from March 1860 to Pearce Stevons [Stephens]\n        by Rody Jordan, both of whom were not only brothers but slaves as well. The letter is likely\n        written by someone other than Jordan. A letter to Stephens in October 1866 states that his\n        former slave Pearce was charged with murder and asks for Stephens' legal counsel at Pearce's\n        request (he apparently complied based on a letter from 1869).","Correspondence 1870-1879: Topics include requests for employment and financial help,\n        requests for letters of recommendation, Linton Stephens' death, Stephens' paper the  Daily and Weekly Sun , the federal government, autograph requests,\n        and Stephens' work with the Committee on Standard Weights and Measures. Item of note: There\n        are documents from 1873 concerning an illegal distilling and corruption case in Georgia.","Correspondence 1880-1883: Topics includes Stephens' opinion of President James A. Garfield,\n        his bid for Governor, requests for financial help and letters of recommendation for men\n        interested in state posts appointed by the Governor, such as Physician of the Georgia\n        Penitentiary. Items of note: There is a letter dated 1883 signed by Secretary of War, Robert\n        Todd Lincoln. There are two letters from 1882 which offer some insight into African-American\n        involvement in Georgia politics.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library.","Alexander H. Stephens (1812-1883) was a\n        Georgia lawyer, politician and Vice President of the Confederate States of\n        America.","The collection includes a large amount\n        of correspondence as well as bills/receipts, financial papers, legal papers, political\n        papers, clippings and printed material. It ranges in date from 1823 to 1954, with the bulk\n        covering 1823-1883.","For current information on the location\n        of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog.","David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926","English"],"unitid_tesim":["RL.10096"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"collection_ssim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"repository_ssm":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"repository_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees"],"creator_ssm":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"creator_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"creators_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Alexander H. Stephens Papers were received by the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n        Manuscript Library as purchases between 1946-1962."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery -- Georgia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery -- Georgia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["8 Linear Feet","approx. 3,000\n          Items"],"extent_tesim":["8 Linear Feet","approx. 3,000\n          Items"],"date_range_isim":[1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexander Hamilton Stephens was born in Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia on\n        February 11, 1812 to Andrew B. and Margaret Grier Stephens. He graduated from Franklin\n        College (later the University of Georgia) in 1832, where he was a member of the Phi Kappa\n        Literary Society. He taught school for the next eighteen months while pursuing legal studies\n        and passed the bar in Georgia in 1834. Stephens maintained a successful law practice for\n        thirty-two years while simultaneously serving as an elected official in both state and\n        federal political realms and as Vice President of the Confederate States of America. He died\n        in 1883.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cchronlist\u003e\n        \u003chead\u003eChronology List\u003c/head\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1836\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the Georgia House of Representatives as a Whig; served until\n              1840\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1842\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the Georgia State Senate; served for one year.\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1843\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the United States Congress; served until 1859\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1861\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to attend the Secession Convention of Georgia\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1861\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected Vice President of the Confederate States of America\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1865\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eArrested by the United States; served five months in prison\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1866\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the United States Senate but not allowed to take his seat\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1873\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of\n              Ambrose R. Wright; served until his resignation in 1882\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1882\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected Governor of Georgia\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1883, March 4\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eDied in Georgia\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003c/chronlist\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alexander Hamilton Stephens was born in Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia on\n        February 11, 1812 to Andrew B. and Margaret Grier Stephens. He graduated from Franklin\n        College (later the University of Georgia) in 1832, where he was a member of the Phi Kappa\n        Literary Society. He taught school for the next eighteen months while pursuing legal studies\n        and passed the bar in Georgia in 1834. Stephens maintained a successful law practice for\n        thirty-two years while simultaneously serving as an elected official in both state and\n        federal political realms and as Vice President of the Confederate States of America. He died\n        in 1883.","Chronology List 1836 Elected to the Georgia House of Representatives as a Whig; served until\n              1840 1842 Elected to the Georgia State Senate; served for one year. 1843 Elected to the United States Congress; served until 1859 1861 Elected to attend the Secession Convention of Georgia 1861 Elected Vice President of the Confederate States of America 1865 Arrested by the United States; served five months in prison 1866 Elected to the United States Senate but not allowed to take his seat 1873 Elected to United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of\n              Ambrose R. Wright; served until his resignation in 1882 1882 Elected Governor of Georgia 1883, March 4 Died in Georgia"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Alexander H. Stephens Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n        Manuscript Library\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Alexander H. Stephens Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n        Manuscript Library"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Kimberly Sims, November 2008\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by Kimberly Sims, November 2008\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMultiple accessions were merged into one collection, described in this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Encoded by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Multiple accessions were merged into one collection, described in this finding aid."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eJohn Jordan Crittenden Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eAlfred Gumming\n            Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n            Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eMarmaduke Hamilton\n            Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n            Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003ePaul Hamilton Hayne\n            Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n            Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eAlexander Hamilton Stephens Letters,\n            Microfilm, Manhattanville College\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M.\n            Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["John Jordan Crittenden Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library Alfred Gumming\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Marmaduke Hamilton\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Paul Hamilton Hayne\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Alexander Hamilton Stephens Letters,\n            Microfilm, Manhattanville College David M.\n            Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes correspondence, bills and receipts, financial papers, legal papers,\n        political papers, clippings and printed material and ranges in date from 1823-1954, with the\n        bulk dated 1823-1883. Due to preservation concerns, some items were copied onto acid-free\n        paper and stamped as preservation copies. The originals were placed in mylar and are located\n        in Box 7. Patrons should consult with Rubenstein Library staff before handling these\n        materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe vast majority of the collection is comprised of correspondence, covering the years\n        1823-1883. Many of the letters in the collection were written to Stephens, although there\n        are letters written in his own hand. Throughout the correspondence are letters written to\n        Stephens by various family members, most notably his brothers John and Linton. The bulk of\n        the correspondence pertains to Stephens' law work, regarding issues such as the settling of\n        estates and the collection of debts. The most prominent topics include family matters,\n        business and legal matters and Stephens' health. Given the expansive amount of\n        correspondence, below is a breakdown by decade of other topics which appear, in an effort to\n        assist the researcher in locating materials of interest:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1823-1839: Topics include States' Rights, slavery, and an Indian war in\n        Florida [possibly the Creek War]. There is a letter from Herschel V. Johnson who sought\n        advice from Stephens in 1839 regarding negotiations with a railroad company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1840-1849: Topics include local and national politics/views, opinions about\n        President Martin Van Buren, \"agricultural politics,\" Thomas Dorr and the People's Party, the\n        purchasing of slaves, the 1843 Boston visit of President John Tyler and Vice President\n        Daniel Webster, Stephens' nomination to serve in the U. S. Congress, Whigs and Democrats\n        (Stephens was invited to attend several Whig-sponsored barbeques), and the death of\n        Stephens' brother Aaron. There is a letter from United States Representative Marshall\n        Johnson Wellborn which discusses the Judiciary Act (1841). There are also a substantial\n        number of letters written by and to John Bird and letters written to him and Stephens (they\n        were likely law partners). Of note are two letters written in 1844 by [Sarvis] Pearson\n        (presumably a client of Stephens or his firm) to his estranged wife Mary S. Pearson which\n        offer insight into the subject of divorce and marital discord of the time period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1850-1859: Letters written by Stephens start to appear more frequently.\n        Topics include largely family and legal matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1860-1869: Topics include employment inquiries both pre- and post-Civil War,\n        autograph requests, Stephens' book about the Civil War, and the social history of a\n        post-Civil War Georgia. Items of note: There are petitions (1860) by Stephens' district\n        constituents asking him to address them about the presidential election. There are letters\n        asking him for permission to travel into the Union. There are a couple of letters written by\n        Stephens to Jefferson Davis. There is a letter from March 1860 to Pearce Stevons [Stephens]\n        by Rody Jordan, both of whom were not only brothers but slaves as well. The letter is likely\n        written by someone other than Jordan. A letter to Stephens in October 1866 states that his\n        former slave Pearce was charged with murder and asks for Stephens' legal counsel at Pearce's\n        request (he apparently complied based on a letter from 1869).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1870-1879: Topics include requests for employment and financial help,\n        requests for letters of recommendation, Linton Stephens' death, Stephens' paper the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily and Weekly Sun\u003c/title\u003e, the federal government, autograph requests,\n        and Stephens' work with the Committee on Standard Weights and Measures. Item of note: There\n        are documents from 1873 concerning an illegal distilling and corruption case in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1880-1883: Topics includes Stephens' opinion of President James A. Garfield,\n        his bid for Governor, requests for financial help and letters of recommendation for men\n        interested in state posts appointed by the Governor, such as Physician of the Georgia\n        Penitentiary. Items of note: There is a letter dated 1883 signed by Secretary of War, Robert\n        Todd Lincoln. There are two letters from 1882 which offer some insight into African-American\n        involvement in Georgia politics.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Collection Overview"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes correspondence, bills and receipts, financial papers, legal papers,\n        political papers, clippings and printed material and ranges in date from 1823-1954, with the\n        bulk dated 1823-1883. Due to preservation concerns, some items were copied onto acid-free\n        paper and stamped as preservation copies. The originals were placed in mylar and are located\n        in Box 7. Patrons should consult with Rubenstein Library staff before handling these\n        materials.","The vast majority of the collection is comprised of correspondence, covering the years\n        1823-1883. Many of the letters in the collection were written to Stephens, although there\n        are letters written in his own hand. Throughout the correspondence are letters written to\n        Stephens by various family members, most notably his brothers John and Linton. The bulk of\n        the correspondence pertains to Stephens' law work, regarding issues such as the settling of\n        estates and the collection of debts. The most prominent topics include family matters,\n        business and legal matters and Stephens' health. Given the expansive amount of\n        correspondence, below is a breakdown by decade of other topics which appear, in an effort to\n        assist the researcher in locating materials of interest:","Correspondence 1823-1839: Topics include States' Rights, slavery, and an Indian war in\n        Florida [possibly the Creek War]. There is a letter from Herschel V. Johnson who sought\n        advice from Stephens in 1839 regarding negotiations with a railroad company.","Correspondence 1840-1849: Topics include local and national politics/views, opinions about\n        President Martin Van Buren, \"agricultural politics,\" Thomas Dorr and the People's Party, the\n        purchasing of slaves, the 1843 Boston visit of President John Tyler and Vice President\n        Daniel Webster, Stephens' nomination to serve in the U. S. Congress, Whigs and Democrats\n        (Stephens was invited to attend several Whig-sponsored barbeques), and the death of\n        Stephens' brother Aaron. There is a letter from United States Representative Marshall\n        Johnson Wellborn which discusses the Judiciary Act (1841). There are also a substantial\n        number of letters written by and to John Bird and letters written to him and Stephens (they\n        were likely law partners). Of note are two letters written in 1844 by [Sarvis] Pearson\n        (presumably a client of Stephens or his firm) to his estranged wife Mary S. Pearson which\n        offer insight into the subject of divorce and marital discord of the time period.","Correspondence 1850-1859: Letters written by Stephens start to appear more frequently.\n        Topics include largely family and legal matters.","Correspondence 1860-1869: Topics include employment inquiries both pre- and post-Civil War,\n        autograph requests, Stephens' book about the Civil War, and the social history of a\n        post-Civil War Georgia. Items of note: There are petitions (1860) by Stephens' district\n        constituents asking him to address them about the presidential election. There are letters\n        asking him for permission to travel into the Union. There are a couple of letters written by\n        Stephens to Jefferson Davis. There is a letter from March 1860 to Pearce Stevons [Stephens]\n        by Rody Jordan, both of whom were not only brothers but slaves as well. The letter is likely\n        written by someone other than Jordan. A letter to Stephens in October 1866 states that his\n        former slave Pearce was charged with murder and asks for Stephens' legal counsel at Pearce's\n        request (he apparently complied based on a letter from 1869).","Correspondence 1870-1879: Topics include requests for employment and financial help,\n        requests for letters of recommendation, Linton Stephens' death, Stephens' paper the  Daily and Weekly Sun , the federal government, autograph requests,\n        and Stephens' work with the Committee on Standard Weights and Measures. Item of note: There\n        are documents from 1873 concerning an illegal distilling and corruption case in Georgia.","Correspondence 1880-1883: Topics includes Stephens' opinion of President James A. Garfield,\n        his bid for Governor, requests for financial help and letters of recommendation for men\n        interested in state posts appointed by the Governor, such as Physician of the Georgia\n        Penitentiary. Items of note: There is a letter dated 1883 signed by Secretary of War, Robert\n        Todd Lincoln. There are two letters from 1882 which offer some insight into African-American\n        involvement in Georgia politics."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Notice"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_849632dcb81574966843dcbe5b428838\"\u003eAlexander H. Stephens (1812-1883) was a\n        Georgia lawyer, politician and Vice President of the Confederate States of\n        America.\u003c/abstract\u003e","\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c9c5c1283c14f11d61a94c6bb6711c7a\"\u003eThe collection includes a large amount\n        of correspondence as well as bills/receipts, financial papers, legal papers, political\n        papers, clippings and printed material. It ranges in date from 1823 to 1954, with the bulk\n        covering 1823-1883.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens (1812-1883) was a\n        Georgia lawyer, politician and Vice President of the Confederate States of\n        America.","The collection includes a large amount\n        of correspondence as well as bills/receipts, financial papers, legal papers, political\n        papers, clippings and printed material. It ranges in date from 1823 to 1954, with the bulk\n        covering 1823-1883."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_38e97c13005bd86e481006cee204cb70\"\u003eFor current information on the location\n        of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["For current information on the location\n        of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog."],"names_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926"],"corpname_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926"],"persname_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":73,"online_item_count_is":4055,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"ahstephens","timestamp":"2025-02-18T22:57:49.296Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ahstephens_aspace_ref77_jtx"}},{"id":"ahstephens_aspace_ref78_x84","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Bills/Receipts, 1871-1879","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ahstephens_aspace_ref78_x84#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_ref78_x84","ref_ssm":["aspace_ref78_x84","aspace_ref78_x84"],"id":"ahstephens_aspace_ref78_x84","title_filing_ssi":"Bills/Receipts, 1871-1879","title_ssm":["Bills/Receipts, 1871-1879"],"title_tesim":["Bills/Receipts, 1871-1879"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bills/Receipts, 1871-1879"],"text":["Bills/Receipts, 1871-1879","Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","Financial Papers, 1836-1880","box 6"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["ahstephens","aspace_ref74_ckc"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_ref74_ckc","parent_ids_ssim":["ahstephens","ahstephens_aspace_ref74_ckc"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","Financial Papers, 1836-1880"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","Financial Papers, 1836-1880"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"collection_ssim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":61,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1871-1879, letter 3582\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3kd1qv9t\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1871-1879, letter 3583\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3fn1125g\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1871-1879, letter 3584\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r39w0982t\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1871-1879, letter 3585\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3q52fp3k\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1871-1879, letter 3586\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r36688v1r\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1871-1879, letter 3587\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r39w0972c\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1871-1879, letter 3588\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3fn1116h\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1871-1879, letter 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3709\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3fq9qf5d\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1871-1879, letter 3710\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3f18sp53\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1871-1879, letter 3711\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3z02zh7x\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1871-1879, letter 3712\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3t727q35\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1871-1879, letter 3713\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3pg1hw9d\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1871-1879, letter 3714\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3jq0t365\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1871-1879, letter 3715\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r39882w2t\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1871-1879, letter 3716\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3n58cw33\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1871-1879, letter 3717\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3hd7p30v\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1871-1879, letter 3718\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3cr5nn9d\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1871-1879, letter 3719\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3g44j090\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1871-1879, letter 3720\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r36m33d13\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1871-1879, letter 3721\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3bc3t65v\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1871-1879, letter 3722\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3ks6jd9m\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1871-1879, letter 3723\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3m61bz5x\"}"],"containers_ssim":["box 6"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#2","_nest_parent_":"ahstephens_aspace_ref74_ckc","_root_":"ahstephens","timestamp":"2025-02-18T22:57:49.296Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"ahstephens","title_ssm":["Alexander H. Stephens papers"],"title_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers"],"ead_ssi":"ahstephens","unitdate_ssm":["1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RL.10096"],"text":["RL.10096","Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees","Slavery -- Georgia","Collection is open for research.","Alexander Hamilton Stephens was born in Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia on\n        February 11, 1812 to Andrew B. and Margaret Grier Stephens. He graduated from Franklin\n        College (later the University of Georgia) in 1832, where he was a member of the Phi Kappa\n        Literary Society. He taught school for the next eighteen months while pursuing legal studies\n        and passed the bar in Georgia in 1834. Stephens maintained a successful law practice for\n        thirty-two years while simultaneously serving as an elected official in both state and\n        federal political realms and as Vice President of the Confederate States of America. He died\n        in 1883.","Chronology List 1836 Elected to the Georgia House of Representatives as a Whig; served until\n              1840 1842 Elected to the Georgia State Senate; served for one year. 1843 Elected to the United States Congress; served until 1859 1861 Elected to attend the Secession Convention of Georgia 1861 Elected Vice President of the Confederate States of America 1865 Arrested by the United States; served five months in prison 1866 Elected to the United States Senate but not allowed to take his seat 1873 Elected to United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of\n              Ambrose R. Wright; served until his resignation in 1882 1882 Elected Governor of Georgia 1883, March 4 Died in Georgia","Processed by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Encoded by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Multiple accessions were merged into one collection, described in this finding aid.","John Jordan Crittenden Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library Alfred Gumming\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Marmaduke Hamilton\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Paul Hamilton Hayne\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Alexander Hamilton Stephens Letters,\n            Microfilm, Manhattanville College David M.\n            Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","The collection includes correspondence, bills and receipts, financial papers, legal papers,\n        political papers, clippings and printed material and ranges in date from 1823-1954, with the\n        bulk dated 1823-1883. Due to preservation concerns, some items were copied onto acid-free\n        paper and stamped as preservation copies. The originals were placed in mylar and are located\n        in Box 7. Patrons should consult with Rubenstein Library staff before handling these\n        materials.","The vast majority of the collection is comprised of correspondence, covering the years\n        1823-1883. Many of the letters in the collection were written to Stephens, although there\n        are letters written in his own hand. Throughout the correspondence are letters written to\n        Stephens by various family members, most notably his brothers John and Linton. The bulk of\n        the correspondence pertains to Stephens' law work, regarding issues such as the settling of\n        estates and the collection of debts. The most prominent topics include family matters,\n        business and legal matters and Stephens' health. Given the expansive amount of\n        correspondence, below is a breakdown by decade of other topics which appear, in an effort to\n        assist the researcher in locating materials of interest:","Correspondence 1823-1839: Topics include States' Rights, slavery, and an Indian war in\n        Florida [possibly the Creek War]. There is a letter from Herschel V. Johnson who sought\n        advice from Stephens in 1839 regarding negotiations with a railroad company.","Correspondence 1840-1849: Topics include local and national politics/views, opinions about\n        President Martin Van Buren, \"agricultural politics,\" Thomas Dorr and the People's Party, the\n        purchasing of slaves, the 1843 Boston visit of President John Tyler and Vice President\n        Daniel Webster, Stephens' nomination to serve in the U. S. Congress, Whigs and Democrats\n        (Stephens was invited to attend several Whig-sponsored barbeques), and the death of\n        Stephens' brother Aaron. There is a letter from United States Representative Marshall\n        Johnson Wellborn which discusses the Judiciary Act (1841). There are also a substantial\n        number of letters written by and to John Bird and letters written to him and Stephens (they\n        were likely law partners). Of note are two letters written in 1844 by [Sarvis] Pearson\n        (presumably a client of Stephens or his firm) to his estranged wife Mary S. Pearson which\n        offer insight into the subject of divorce and marital discord of the time period.","Correspondence 1850-1859: Letters written by Stephens start to appear more frequently.\n        Topics include largely family and legal matters.","Correspondence 1860-1869: Topics include employment inquiries both pre- and post-Civil War,\n        autograph requests, Stephens' book about the Civil War, and the social history of a\n        post-Civil War Georgia. Items of note: There are petitions (1860) by Stephens' district\n        constituents asking him to address them about the presidential election. There are letters\n        asking him for permission to travel into the Union. There are a couple of letters written by\n        Stephens to Jefferson Davis. There is a letter from March 1860 to Pearce Stevons [Stephens]\n        by Rody Jordan, both of whom were not only brothers but slaves as well. The letter is likely\n        written by someone other than Jordan. A letter to Stephens in October 1866 states that his\n        former slave Pearce was charged with murder and asks for Stephens' legal counsel at Pearce's\n        request (he apparently complied based on a letter from 1869).","Correspondence 1870-1879: Topics include requests for employment and financial help,\n        requests for letters of recommendation, Linton Stephens' death, Stephens' paper the  Daily and Weekly Sun , the federal government, autograph requests,\n        and Stephens' work with the Committee on Standard Weights and Measures. Item of note: There\n        are documents from 1873 concerning an illegal distilling and corruption case in Georgia.","Correspondence 1880-1883: Topics includes Stephens' opinion of President James A. Garfield,\n        his bid for Governor, requests for financial help and letters of recommendation for men\n        interested in state posts appointed by the Governor, such as Physician of the Georgia\n        Penitentiary. Items of note: There is a letter dated 1883 signed by Secretary of War, Robert\n        Todd Lincoln. There are two letters from 1882 which offer some insight into African-American\n        involvement in Georgia politics.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library.","Alexander H. Stephens (1812-1883) was a\n        Georgia lawyer, politician and Vice President of the Confederate States of\n        America.","The collection includes a large amount\n        of correspondence as well as bills/receipts, financial papers, legal papers, political\n        papers, clippings and printed material. It ranges in date from 1823 to 1954, with the bulk\n        covering 1823-1883.","For current information on the location\n        of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog.","David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926","English"],"unitid_tesim":["RL.10096"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"collection_ssim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"repository_ssm":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"repository_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees"],"creator_ssm":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"creator_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"creators_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Alexander H. Stephens Papers were received by the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n        Manuscript Library as purchases between 1946-1962."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery -- Georgia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery -- Georgia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["8 Linear Feet","approx. 3,000\n          Items"],"extent_tesim":["8 Linear Feet","approx. 3,000\n          Items"],"date_range_isim":[1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexander Hamilton Stephens was born in Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia on\n        February 11, 1812 to Andrew B. and Margaret Grier Stephens. He graduated from Franklin\n        College (later the University of Georgia) in 1832, where he was a member of the Phi Kappa\n        Literary Society. He taught school for the next eighteen months while pursuing legal studies\n        and passed the bar in Georgia in 1834. Stephens maintained a successful law practice for\n        thirty-two years while simultaneously serving as an elected official in both state and\n        federal political realms and as Vice President of the Confederate States of America. He died\n        in 1883.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cchronlist\u003e\n        \u003chead\u003eChronology List\u003c/head\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1836\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the Georgia House of Representatives as a Whig; served until\n              1840\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1842\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the Georgia State Senate; served for one year.\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1843\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the United States Congress; served until 1859\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1861\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to attend the Secession Convention of Georgia\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1861\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected Vice President of the Confederate States of America\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1865\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eArrested by the United States; served five months in prison\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1866\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the United States Senate but not allowed to take his seat\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1873\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of\n              Ambrose R. Wright; served until his resignation in 1882\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1882\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected Governor of Georgia\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1883, March 4\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eDied in Georgia\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003c/chronlist\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alexander Hamilton Stephens was born in Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia on\n        February 11, 1812 to Andrew B. and Margaret Grier Stephens. He graduated from Franklin\n        College (later the University of Georgia) in 1832, where he was a member of the Phi Kappa\n        Literary Society. He taught school for the next eighteen months while pursuing legal studies\n        and passed the bar in Georgia in 1834. Stephens maintained a successful law practice for\n        thirty-two years while simultaneously serving as an elected official in both state and\n        federal political realms and as Vice President of the Confederate States of America. He died\n        in 1883.","Chronology List 1836 Elected to the Georgia House of Representatives as a Whig; served until\n              1840 1842 Elected to the Georgia State Senate; served for one year. 1843 Elected to the United States Congress; served until 1859 1861 Elected to attend the Secession Convention of Georgia 1861 Elected Vice President of the Confederate States of America 1865 Arrested by the United States; served five months in prison 1866 Elected to the United States Senate but not allowed to take his seat 1873 Elected to United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of\n              Ambrose R. Wright; served until his resignation in 1882 1882 Elected Governor of Georgia 1883, March 4 Died in Georgia"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Alexander H. Stephens Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n        Manuscript Library\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Alexander H. Stephens Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n        Manuscript Library"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Kimberly Sims, November 2008\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by Kimberly Sims, November 2008\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMultiple accessions were merged into one collection, described in this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Encoded by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Multiple accessions were merged into one collection, described in this finding aid."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eJohn Jordan Crittenden Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eAlfred Gumming\n            Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n            Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eMarmaduke Hamilton\n            Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n            Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003ePaul Hamilton Hayne\n            Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n            Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eAlexander Hamilton Stephens Letters,\n            Microfilm, Manhattanville College\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M.\n            Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["John Jordan Crittenden Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library Alfred Gumming\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Marmaduke Hamilton\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Paul Hamilton Hayne\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Alexander Hamilton Stephens Letters,\n            Microfilm, Manhattanville College David M.\n            Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes correspondence, bills and receipts, financial papers, legal papers,\n        political papers, clippings and printed material and ranges in date from 1823-1954, with the\n        bulk dated 1823-1883. Due to preservation concerns, some items were copied onto acid-free\n        paper and stamped as preservation copies. The originals were placed in mylar and are located\n        in Box 7. Patrons should consult with Rubenstein Library staff before handling these\n        materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe vast majority of the collection is comprised of correspondence, covering the years\n        1823-1883. Many of the letters in the collection were written to Stephens, although there\n        are letters written in his own hand. Throughout the correspondence are letters written to\n        Stephens by various family members, most notably his brothers John and Linton. The bulk of\n        the correspondence pertains to Stephens' law work, regarding issues such as the settling of\n        estates and the collection of debts. The most prominent topics include family matters,\n        business and legal matters and Stephens' health. Given the expansive amount of\n        correspondence, below is a breakdown by decade of other topics which appear, in an effort to\n        assist the researcher in locating materials of interest:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1823-1839: Topics include States' Rights, slavery, and an Indian war in\n        Florida [possibly the Creek War]. There is a letter from Herschel V. Johnson who sought\n        advice from Stephens in 1839 regarding negotiations with a railroad company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1840-1849: Topics include local and national politics/views, opinions about\n        President Martin Van Buren, \"agricultural politics,\" Thomas Dorr and the People's Party, the\n        purchasing of slaves, the 1843 Boston visit of President John Tyler and Vice President\n        Daniel Webster, Stephens' nomination to serve in the U. S. Congress, Whigs and Democrats\n        (Stephens was invited to attend several Whig-sponsored barbeques), and the death of\n        Stephens' brother Aaron. There is a letter from United States Representative Marshall\n        Johnson Wellborn which discusses the Judiciary Act (1841). There are also a substantial\n        number of letters written by and to John Bird and letters written to him and Stephens (they\n        were likely law partners). Of note are two letters written in 1844 by [Sarvis] Pearson\n        (presumably a client of Stephens or his firm) to his estranged wife Mary S. Pearson which\n        offer insight into the subject of divorce and marital discord of the time period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1850-1859: Letters written by Stephens start to appear more frequently.\n        Topics include largely family and legal matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1860-1869: Topics include employment inquiries both pre- and post-Civil War,\n        autograph requests, Stephens' book about the Civil War, and the social history of a\n        post-Civil War Georgia. Items of note: There are petitions (1860) by Stephens' district\n        constituents asking him to address them about the presidential election. There are letters\n        asking him for permission to travel into the Union. There are a couple of letters written by\n        Stephens to Jefferson Davis. There is a letter from March 1860 to Pearce Stevons [Stephens]\n        by Rody Jordan, both of whom were not only brothers but slaves as well. The letter is likely\n        written by someone other than Jordan. A letter to Stephens in October 1866 states that his\n        former slave Pearce was charged with murder and asks for Stephens' legal counsel at Pearce's\n        request (he apparently complied based on a letter from 1869).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1870-1879: Topics include requests for employment and financial help,\n        requests for letters of recommendation, Linton Stephens' death, Stephens' paper the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily and Weekly Sun\u003c/title\u003e, the federal government, autograph requests,\n        and Stephens' work with the Committee on Standard Weights and Measures. Item of note: There\n        are documents from 1873 concerning an illegal distilling and corruption case in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1880-1883: Topics includes Stephens' opinion of President James A. Garfield,\n        his bid for Governor, requests for financial help and letters of recommendation for men\n        interested in state posts appointed by the Governor, such as Physician of the Georgia\n        Penitentiary. Items of note: There is a letter dated 1883 signed by Secretary of War, Robert\n        Todd Lincoln. There are two letters from 1882 which offer some insight into African-American\n        involvement in Georgia politics.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Collection Overview"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes correspondence, bills and receipts, financial papers, legal papers,\n        political papers, clippings and printed material and ranges in date from 1823-1954, with the\n        bulk dated 1823-1883. Due to preservation concerns, some items were copied onto acid-free\n        paper and stamped as preservation copies. The originals were placed in mylar and are located\n        in Box 7. Patrons should consult with Rubenstein Library staff before handling these\n        materials.","The vast majority of the collection is comprised of correspondence, covering the years\n        1823-1883. Many of the letters in the collection were written to Stephens, although there\n        are letters written in his own hand. Throughout the correspondence are letters written to\n        Stephens by various family members, most notably his brothers John and Linton. The bulk of\n        the correspondence pertains to Stephens' law work, regarding issues such as the settling of\n        estates and the collection of debts. The most prominent topics include family matters,\n        business and legal matters and Stephens' health. Given the expansive amount of\n        correspondence, below is a breakdown by decade of other topics which appear, in an effort to\n        assist the researcher in locating materials of interest:","Correspondence 1823-1839: Topics include States' Rights, slavery, and an Indian war in\n        Florida [possibly the Creek War]. There is a letter from Herschel V. Johnson who sought\n        advice from Stephens in 1839 regarding negotiations with a railroad company.","Correspondence 1840-1849: Topics include local and national politics/views, opinions about\n        President Martin Van Buren, \"agricultural politics,\" Thomas Dorr and the People's Party, the\n        purchasing of slaves, the 1843 Boston visit of President John Tyler and Vice President\n        Daniel Webster, Stephens' nomination to serve in the U. S. Congress, Whigs and Democrats\n        (Stephens was invited to attend several Whig-sponsored barbeques), and the death of\n        Stephens' brother Aaron. There is a letter from United States Representative Marshall\n        Johnson Wellborn which discusses the Judiciary Act (1841). There are also a substantial\n        number of letters written by and to John Bird and letters written to him and Stephens (they\n        were likely law partners). Of note are two letters written in 1844 by [Sarvis] Pearson\n        (presumably a client of Stephens or his firm) to his estranged wife Mary S. Pearson which\n        offer insight into the subject of divorce and marital discord of the time period.","Correspondence 1850-1859: Letters written by Stephens start to appear more frequently.\n        Topics include largely family and legal matters.","Correspondence 1860-1869: Topics include employment inquiries both pre- and post-Civil War,\n        autograph requests, Stephens' book about the Civil War, and the social history of a\n        post-Civil War Georgia. Items of note: There are petitions (1860) by Stephens' district\n        constituents asking him to address them about the presidential election. There are letters\n        asking him for permission to travel into the Union. There are a couple of letters written by\n        Stephens to Jefferson Davis. There is a letter from March 1860 to Pearce Stevons [Stephens]\n        by Rody Jordan, both of whom were not only brothers but slaves as well. The letter is likely\n        written by someone other than Jordan. A letter to Stephens in October 1866 states that his\n        former slave Pearce was charged with murder and asks for Stephens' legal counsel at Pearce's\n        request (he apparently complied based on a letter from 1869).","Correspondence 1870-1879: Topics include requests for employment and financial help,\n        requests for letters of recommendation, Linton Stephens' death, Stephens' paper the  Daily and Weekly Sun , the federal government, autograph requests,\n        and Stephens' work with the Committee on Standard Weights and Measures. Item of note: There\n        are documents from 1873 concerning an illegal distilling and corruption case in Georgia.","Correspondence 1880-1883: Topics includes Stephens' opinion of President James A. Garfield,\n        his bid for Governor, requests for financial help and letters of recommendation for men\n        interested in state posts appointed by the Governor, such as Physician of the Georgia\n        Penitentiary. Items of note: There is a letter dated 1883 signed by Secretary of War, Robert\n        Todd Lincoln. There are two letters from 1882 which offer some insight into African-American\n        involvement in Georgia politics."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Notice"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_849632dcb81574966843dcbe5b428838\"\u003eAlexander H. Stephens (1812-1883) was a\n        Georgia lawyer, politician and Vice President of the Confederate States of\n        America.\u003c/abstract\u003e","\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c9c5c1283c14f11d61a94c6bb6711c7a\"\u003eThe collection includes a large amount\n        of correspondence as well as bills/receipts, financial papers, legal papers, political\n        papers, clippings and printed material. It ranges in date from 1823 to 1954, with the bulk\n        covering 1823-1883.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens (1812-1883) was a\n        Georgia lawyer, politician and Vice President of the Confederate States of\n        America.","The collection includes a large amount\n        of correspondence as well as bills/receipts, financial papers, legal papers, political\n        papers, clippings and printed material. It ranges in date from 1823 to 1954, with the bulk\n        covering 1823-1883."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_38e97c13005bd86e481006cee204cb70\"\u003eFor current information on the location\n        of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["For current information on the location\n        of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog."],"names_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926"],"corpname_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926"],"persname_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":73,"online_item_count_is":4055,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"ahstephens","timestamp":"2025-02-18T22:57:49.296Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ahstephens_aspace_ref78_x84"}},{"id":"ahstephens_aspace_ref79_9on","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Bills/Receipts, 1880-1883","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ahstephens_aspace_ref79_9on#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_ref79_9on","ref_ssm":["aspace_ref79_9on","aspace_ref79_9on"],"id":"ahstephens_aspace_ref79_9on","title_filing_ssi":"Bills/Receipts, 1880-1883","title_ssm":["Bills/Receipts, 1880-1883"],"title_tesim":["Bills/Receipts, 1880-1883"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Bills/Receipts, 1880-1883"],"text":["Bills/Receipts, 1880-1883","Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","Financial Papers, 1836-1880","box 6"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["ahstephens","aspace_ref74_ckc"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_ref74_ckc","parent_ids_ssim":["ahstephens","ahstephens_aspace_ref74_ckc"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","Financial Papers, 1836-1880"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","Financial Papers, 1836-1880"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"collection_ssim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":62,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1880-1883, letter 3724\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3vq2sk34\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1880-1883, letter 3725\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r30g3h68h\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1880-1883, letter 3726\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3qz22r9r\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1880-1883, letter 3727\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3474711s\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1880-1883, letter 3728\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3th8bx0p\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1880-1883, letter 3729\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3pr7n37t\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1880-1883, letter 3730\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3z892q4t\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1880-1883, letter 3731\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3k35mp4b\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1880-1883, letter 3732\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r37d2qh08\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1880-1883, letter 3733\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3gt5fq5h\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1880-1883, letter 3734\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r33n20p6w\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1880-1883, letter 3735\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3zw1921x\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1880-1883, letter 3736\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3c53f93x\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1880-1883, letter 3737\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3x921s93\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1880-1883, letter 3738\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r35q4rv69\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1880-1883, letter 3739\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3222rf37\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1880-1883, letter 3740\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r31r6n82c\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1880-1883, letter 3741\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3x05xm7p\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1880-1883, letter 3742\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3s756t4d\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1880-1883, letter 3743\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r35h7c270\"}","{\"label\":\"Bills and Receipts, 1880-1883, letter 3744\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3xp6vc70\"}"],"containers_ssim":["box 6"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#3","_nest_parent_":"ahstephens_aspace_ref74_ckc","_root_":"ahstephens","timestamp":"2025-02-18T22:57:49.296Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"ahstephens","title_ssm":["Alexander H. Stephens papers"],"title_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers"],"ead_ssi":"ahstephens","unitdate_ssm":["1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RL.10096"],"text":["RL.10096","Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees","Slavery -- Georgia","Collection is open for research.","Alexander Hamilton Stephens was born in Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia on\n        February 11, 1812 to Andrew B. and Margaret Grier Stephens. He graduated from Franklin\n        College (later the University of Georgia) in 1832, where he was a member of the Phi Kappa\n        Literary Society. He taught school for the next eighteen months while pursuing legal studies\n        and passed the bar in Georgia in 1834. Stephens maintained a successful law practice for\n        thirty-two years while simultaneously serving as an elected official in both state and\n        federal political realms and as Vice President of the Confederate States of America. He died\n        in 1883.","Chronology List 1836 Elected to the Georgia House of Representatives as a Whig; served until\n              1840 1842 Elected to the Georgia State Senate; served for one year. 1843 Elected to the United States Congress; served until 1859 1861 Elected to attend the Secession Convention of Georgia 1861 Elected Vice President of the Confederate States of America 1865 Arrested by the United States; served five months in prison 1866 Elected to the United States Senate but not allowed to take his seat 1873 Elected to United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of\n              Ambrose R. Wright; served until his resignation in 1882 1882 Elected Governor of Georgia 1883, March 4 Died in Georgia","Processed by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Encoded by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Multiple accessions were merged into one collection, described in this finding aid.","John Jordan Crittenden Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library Alfred Gumming\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Marmaduke Hamilton\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Paul Hamilton Hayne\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Alexander Hamilton Stephens Letters,\n            Microfilm, Manhattanville College David M.\n            Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","The collection includes correspondence, bills and receipts, financial papers, legal papers,\n        political papers, clippings and printed material and ranges in date from 1823-1954, with the\n        bulk dated 1823-1883. Due to preservation concerns, some items were copied onto acid-free\n        paper and stamped as preservation copies. The originals were placed in mylar and are located\n        in Box 7. Patrons should consult with Rubenstein Library staff before handling these\n        materials.","The vast majority of the collection is comprised of correspondence, covering the years\n        1823-1883. Many of the letters in the collection were written to Stephens, although there\n        are letters written in his own hand. Throughout the correspondence are letters written to\n        Stephens by various family members, most notably his brothers John and Linton. The bulk of\n        the correspondence pertains to Stephens' law work, regarding issues such as the settling of\n        estates and the collection of debts. The most prominent topics include family matters,\n        business and legal matters and Stephens' health. Given the expansive amount of\n        correspondence, below is a breakdown by decade of other topics which appear, in an effort to\n        assist the researcher in locating materials of interest:","Correspondence 1823-1839: Topics include States' Rights, slavery, and an Indian war in\n        Florida [possibly the Creek War]. There is a letter from Herschel V. Johnson who sought\n        advice from Stephens in 1839 regarding negotiations with a railroad company.","Correspondence 1840-1849: Topics include local and national politics/views, opinions about\n        President Martin Van Buren, \"agricultural politics,\" Thomas Dorr and the People's Party, the\n        purchasing of slaves, the 1843 Boston visit of President John Tyler and Vice President\n        Daniel Webster, Stephens' nomination to serve in the U. S. Congress, Whigs and Democrats\n        (Stephens was invited to attend several Whig-sponsored barbeques), and the death of\n        Stephens' brother Aaron. There is a letter from United States Representative Marshall\n        Johnson Wellborn which discusses the Judiciary Act (1841). There are also a substantial\n        number of letters written by and to John Bird and letters written to him and Stephens (they\n        were likely law partners). Of note are two letters written in 1844 by [Sarvis] Pearson\n        (presumably a client of Stephens or his firm) to his estranged wife Mary S. Pearson which\n        offer insight into the subject of divorce and marital discord of the time period.","Correspondence 1850-1859: Letters written by Stephens start to appear more frequently.\n        Topics include largely family and legal matters.","Correspondence 1860-1869: Topics include employment inquiries both pre- and post-Civil War,\n        autograph requests, Stephens' book about the Civil War, and the social history of a\n        post-Civil War Georgia. Items of note: There are petitions (1860) by Stephens' district\n        constituents asking him to address them about the presidential election. There are letters\n        asking him for permission to travel into the Union. There are a couple of letters written by\n        Stephens to Jefferson Davis. There is a letter from March 1860 to Pearce Stevons [Stephens]\n        by Rody Jordan, both of whom were not only brothers but slaves as well. The letter is likely\n        written by someone other than Jordan. A letter to Stephens in October 1866 states that his\n        former slave Pearce was charged with murder and asks for Stephens' legal counsel at Pearce's\n        request (he apparently complied based on a letter from 1869).","Correspondence 1870-1879: Topics include requests for employment and financial help,\n        requests for letters of recommendation, Linton Stephens' death, Stephens' paper the  Daily and Weekly Sun , the federal government, autograph requests,\n        and Stephens' work with the Committee on Standard Weights and Measures. Item of note: There\n        are documents from 1873 concerning an illegal distilling and corruption case in Georgia.","Correspondence 1880-1883: Topics includes Stephens' opinion of President James A. Garfield,\n        his bid for Governor, requests for financial help and letters of recommendation for men\n        interested in state posts appointed by the Governor, such as Physician of the Georgia\n        Penitentiary. Items of note: There is a letter dated 1883 signed by Secretary of War, Robert\n        Todd Lincoln. There are two letters from 1882 which offer some insight into African-American\n        involvement in Georgia politics.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library.","Alexander H. Stephens (1812-1883) was a\n        Georgia lawyer, politician and Vice President of the Confederate States of\n        America.","The collection includes a large amount\n        of correspondence as well as bills/receipts, financial papers, legal papers, political\n        papers, clippings and printed material. It ranges in date from 1823 to 1954, with the bulk\n        covering 1823-1883.","For current information on the location\n        of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog.","David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926","English"],"unitid_tesim":["RL.10096"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"collection_ssim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"repository_ssm":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"repository_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees"],"creator_ssm":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"creator_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"creators_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Alexander H. Stephens Papers were received by the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n        Manuscript Library as purchases between 1946-1962."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery -- Georgia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery -- Georgia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["8 Linear Feet","approx. 3,000\n          Items"],"extent_tesim":["8 Linear Feet","approx. 3,000\n          Items"],"date_range_isim":[1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexander Hamilton Stephens was born in Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia on\n        February 11, 1812 to Andrew B. and Margaret Grier Stephens. He graduated from Franklin\n        College (later the University of Georgia) in 1832, where he was a member of the Phi Kappa\n        Literary Society. He taught school for the next eighteen months while pursuing legal studies\n        and passed the bar in Georgia in 1834. Stephens maintained a successful law practice for\n        thirty-two years while simultaneously serving as an elected official in both state and\n        federal political realms and as Vice President of the Confederate States of America. He died\n        in 1883.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cchronlist\u003e\n        \u003chead\u003eChronology List\u003c/head\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1836\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the Georgia House of Representatives as a Whig; served until\n              1840\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1842\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the Georgia State Senate; served for one year.\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1843\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the United States Congress; served until 1859\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1861\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to attend the Secession Convention of Georgia\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1861\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected Vice President of the Confederate States of America\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1865\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eArrested by the United States; served five months in prison\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1866\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the United States Senate but not allowed to take his seat\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1873\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of\n              Ambrose R. Wright; served until his resignation in 1882\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1882\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected Governor of Georgia\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1883, March 4\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eDied in Georgia\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003c/chronlist\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alexander Hamilton Stephens was born in Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia on\n        February 11, 1812 to Andrew B. and Margaret Grier Stephens. He graduated from Franklin\n        College (later the University of Georgia) in 1832, where he was a member of the Phi Kappa\n        Literary Society. He taught school for the next eighteen months while pursuing legal studies\n        and passed the bar in Georgia in 1834. Stephens maintained a successful law practice for\n        thirty-two years while simultaneously serving as an elected official in both state and\n        federal political realms and as Vice President of the Confederate States of America. He died\n        in 1883.","Chronology List 1836 Elected to the Georgia House of Representatives as a Whig; served until\n              1840 1842 Elected to the Georgia State Senate; served for one year. 1843 Elected to the United States Congress; served until 1859 1861 Elected to attend the Secession Convention of Georgia 1861 Elected Vice President of the Confederate States of America 1865 Arrested by the United States; served five months in prison 1866 Elected to the United States Senate but not allowed to take his seat 1873 Elected to United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of\n              Ambrose R. Wright; served until his resignation in 1882 1882 Elected Governor of Georgia 1883, March 4 Died in Georgia"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Alexander H. Stephens Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n        Manuscript Library\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Alexander H. Stephens Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n        Manuscript Library"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Kimberly Sims, November 2008\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by Kimberly Sims, November 2008\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMultiple accessions were merged into one collection, described in this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Encoded by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Multiple accessions were merged into one collection, described in this finding aid."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eJohn Jordan Crittenden Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eAlfred Gumming\n            Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n            Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eMarmaduke Hamilton\n            Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n            Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003ePaul Hamilton Hayne\n            Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n            Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eAlexander Hamilton Stephens Letters,\n            Microfilm, Manhattanville College\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M.\n            Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["John Jordan Crittenden Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library Alfred Gumming\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Marmaduke Hamilton\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Paul Hamilton Hayne\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Alexander Hamilton Stephens Letters,\n            Microfilm, Manhattanville College David M.\n            Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes correspondence, bills and receipts, financial papers, legal papers,\n        political papers, clippings and printed material and ranges in date from 1823-1954, with the\n        bulk dated 1823-1883. Due to preservation concerns, some items were copied onto acid-free\n        paper and stamped as preservation copies. The originals were placed in mylar and are located\n        in Box 7. Patrons should consult with Rubenstein Library staff before handling these\n        materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe vast majority of the collection is comprised of correspondence, covering the years\n        1823-1883. Many of the letters in the collection were written to Stephens, although there\n        are letters written in his own hand. Throughout the correspondence are letters written to\n        Stephens by various family members, most notably his brothers John and Linton. The bulk of\n        the correspondence pertains to Stephens' law work, regarding issues such as the settling of\n        estates and the collection of debts. The most prominent topics include family matters,\n        business and legal matters and Stephens' health. Given the expansive amount of\n        correspondence, below is a breakdown by decade of other topics which appear, in an effort to\n        assist the researcher in locating materials of interest:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1823-1839: Topics include States' Rights, slavery, and an Indian war in\n        Florida [possibly the Creek War]. There is a letter from Herschel V. Johnson who sought\n        advice from Stephens in 1839 regarding negotiations with a railroad company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1840-1849: Topics include local and national politics/views, opinions about\n        President Martin Van Buren, \"agricultural politics,\" Thomas Dorr and the People's Party, the\n        purchasing of slaves, the 1843 Boston visit of President John Tyler and Vice President\n        Daniel Webster, Stephens' nomination to serve in the U. S. Congress, Whigs and Democrats\n        (Stephens was invited to attend several Whig-sponsored barbeques), and the death of\n        Stephens' brother Aaron. There is a letter from United States Representative Marshall\n        Johnson Wellborn which discusses the Judiciary Act (1841). There are also a substantial\n        number of letters written by and to John Bird and letters written to him and Stephens (they\n        were likely law partners). Of note are two letters written in 1844 by [Sarvis] Pearson\n        (presumably a client of Stephens or his firm) to his estranged wife Mary S. Pearson which\n        offer insight into the subject of divorce and marital discord of the time period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1850-1859: Letters written by Stephens start to appear more frequently.\n        Topics include largely family and legal matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1860-1869: Topics include employment inquiries both pre- and post-Civil War,\n        autograph requests, Stephens' book about the Civil War, and the social history of a\n        post-Civil War Georgia. Items of note: There are petitions (1860) by Stephens' district\n        constituents asking him to address them about the presidential election. There are letters\n        asking him for permission to travel into the Union. There are a couple of letters written by\n        Stephens to Jefferson Davis. There is a letter from March 1860 to Pearce Stevons [Stephens]\n        by Rody Jordan, both of whom were not only brothers but slaves as well. The letter is likely\n        written by someone other than Jordan. A letter to Stephens in October 1866 states that his\n        former slave Pearce was charged with murder and asks for Stephens' legal counsel at Pearce's\n        request (he apparently complied based on a letter from 1869).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1870-1879: Topics include requests for employment and financial help,\n        requests for letters of recommendation, Linton Stephens' death, Stephens' paper the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily and Weekly Sun\u003c/title\u003e, the federal government, autograph requests,\n        and Stephens' work with the Committee on Standard Weights and Measures. Item of note: There\n        are documents from 1873 concerning an illegal distilling and corruption case in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1880-1883: Topics includes Stephens' opinion of President James A. Garfield,\n        his bid for Governor, requests for financial help and letters of recommendation for men\n        interested in state posts appointed by the Governor, such as Physician of the Georgia\n        Penitentiary. Items of note: There is a letter dated 1883 signed by Secretary of War, Robert\n        Todd Lincoln. There are two letters from 1882 which offer some insight into African-American\n        involvement in Georgia politics.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Collection Overview"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes correspondence, bills and receipts, financial papers, legal papers,\n        political papers, clippings and printed material and ranges in date from 1823-1954, with the\n        bulk dated 1823-1883. Due to preservation concerns, some items were copied onto acid-free\n        paper and stamped as preservation copies. The originals were placed in mylar and are located\n        in Box 7. Patrons should consult with Rubenstein Library staff before handling these\n        materials.","The vast majority of the collection is comprised of correspondence, covering the years\n        1823-1883. Many of the letters in the collection were written to Stephens, although there\n        are letters written in his own hand. Throughout the correspondence are letters written to\n        Stephens by various family members, most notably his brothers John and Linton. The bulk of\n        the correspondence pertains to Stephens' law work, regarding issues such as the settling of\n        estates and the collection of debts. The most prominent topics include family matters,\n        business and legal matters and Stephens' health. Given the expansive amount of\n        correspondence, below is a breakdown by decade of other topics which appear, in an effort to\n        assist the researcher in locating materials of interest:","Correspondence 1823-1839: Topics include States' Rights, slavery, and an Indian war in\n        Florida [possibly the Creek War]. There is a letter from Herschel V. Johnson who sought\n        advice from Stephens in 1839 regarding negotiations with a railroad company.","Correspondence 1840-1849: Topics include local and national politics/views, opinions about\n        President Martin Van Buren, \"agricultural politics,\" Thomas Dorr and the People's Party, the\n        purchasing of slaves, the 1843 Boston visit of President John Tyler and Vice President\n        Daniel Webster, Stephens' nomination to serve in the U. S. Congress, Whigs and Democrats\n        (Stephens was invited to attend several Whig-sponsored barbeques), and the death of\n        Stephens' brother Aaron. There is a letter from United States Representative Marshall\n        Johnson Wellborn which discusses the Judiciary Act (1841). There are also a substantial\n        number of letters written by and to John Bird and letters written to him and Stephens (they\n        were likely law partners). Of note are two letters written in 1844 by [Sarvis] Pearson\n        (presumably a client of Stephens or his firm) to his estranged wife Mary S. Pearson which\n        offer insight into the subject of divorce and marital discord of the time period.","Correspondence 1850-1859: Letters written by Stephens start to appear more frequently.\n        Topics include largely family and legal matters.","Correspondence 1860-1869: Topics include employment inquiries both pre- and post-Civil War,\n        autograph requests, Stephens' book about the Civil War, and the social history of a\n        post-Civil War Georgia. Items of note: There are petitions (1860) by Stephens' district\n        constituents asking him to address them about the presidential election. There are letters\n        asking him for permission to travel into the Union. There are a couple of letters written by\n        Stephens to Jefferson Davis. There is a letter from March 1860 to Pearce Stevons [Stephens]\n        by Rody Jordan, both of whom were not only brothers but slaves as well. The letter is likely\n        written by someone other than Jordan. A letter to Stephens in October 1866 states that his\n        former slave Pearce was charged with murder and asks for Stephens' legal counsel at Pearce's\n        request (he apparently complied based on a letter from 1869).","Correspondence 1870-1879: Topics include requests for employment and financial help,\n        requests for letters of recommendation, Linton Stephens' death, Stephens' paper the  Daily and Weekly Sun , the federal government, autograph requests,\n        and Stephens' work with the Committee on Standard Weights and Measures. Item of note: There\n        are documents from 1873 concerning an illegal distilling and corruption case in Georgia.","Correspondence 1880-1883: Topics includes Stephens' opinion of President James A. Garfield,\n        his bid for Governor, requests for financial help and letters of recommendation for men\n        interested in state posts appointed by the Governor, such as Physician of the Georgia\n        Penitentiary. Items of note: There is a letter dated 1883 signed by Secretary of War, Robert\n        Todd Lincoln. There are two letters from 1882 which offer some insight into African-American\n        involvement in Georgia politics."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Notice"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_849632dcb81574966843dcbe5b428838\"\u003eAlexander H. Stephens (1812-1883) was a\n        Georgia lawyer, politician and Vice President of the Confederate States of\n        America.\u003c/abstract\u003e","\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c9c5c1283c14f11d61a94c6bb6711c7a\"\u003eThe collection includes a large amount\n        of correspondence as well as bills/receipts, financial papers, legal papers, political\n        papers, clippings and printed material. It ranges in date from 1823 to 1954, with the bulk\n        covering 1823-1883.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens (1812-1883) was a\n        Georgia lawyer, politician and Vice President of the Confederate States of\n        America.","The collection includes a large amount\n        of correspondence as well as bills/receipts, financial papers, legal papers, political\n        papers, clippings and printed material. It ranges in date from 1823 to 1954, with the bulk\n        covering 1823-1883."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_38e97c13005bd86e481006cee204cb70\"\u003eFor current information on the location\n        of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["For current information on the location\n        of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog."],"names_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926"],"corpname_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926"],"persname_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":73,"online_item_count_is":4055,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"ahstephens","timestamp":"2025-02-18T22:57:49.296Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ahstephens_aspace_ref79_9on"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-014_aspace_38e1a068286392616568cb3c2cfa7938","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Binder containing various documentation","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-014_aspace_38e1a068286392616568cb3c2cfa7938#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_38e1a068286392616568cb3c2cfa7938","ref_ssm":["aspace_38e1a068286392616568cb3c2cfa7938","aspace_38e1a068286392616568cb3c2cfa7938"],"id":"umich-bhl-014_aspace_38e1a068286392616568cb3c2cfa7938","title_filing_ssi":"Binder containing various documentation","title_ssm":["Binder containing various documentation"],"title_tesim":["Binder containing various documentation"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Binder containing various documentation"],"text":["Binder containing various documentation","TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","Michigan Center for Charter Schools","Record books","box 12","include planning documents, committees, law, articles and bylaws"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-014","aspace_5954350cdf9272a6329ba20a2520d6c7","aspace_53c98c2f05abd5223784b88dc8296f5c"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_53c98c2f05abd5223784b88dc8296f5c","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-014","umich-bhl-014_aspace_5954350cdf9272a6329ba20a2520d6c7","umich-bhl-014_aspace_53c98c2f05abd5223784b88dc8296f5c"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","Michigan Center for Charter Schools","Record books"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","Michigan Center for Charter Schools","Record books"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Subgroup","Series"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":207,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Research use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"containers_ssim":["box 12"],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003einclude planning documents, committees, law, articles and bylaws\u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General"],"odd_tesim":["include planning documents, committees, law, articles and bylaws"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#4/components#3","_nest_parent_":"umich-bhl-014_aspace_53c98c2f05abd5223784b88dc8296f5c","_root_":"umich-bhl-014","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:12.778Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-014","title_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records"],"title_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-014","unitdate_ssm":["1989-1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1989-1996"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["014 Bj 2"],"text":["014 Bj 2","TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes.","Research use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese.","In 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.","This record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization.","Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","Offsite storage; prior notification required for access","Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N.","English","The materials are in  English."],"unitid_tesim":["014 Bj 2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1989-1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"collection_title_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"collection_ssim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"creator_ssm":["TEACH Michigan."],"creator_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"creators_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"access_terms_ssm":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The record group came to the library from Partnership for Learning (formerly TEACH Michigan) in December 2000. Donor no.  9038"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["13 linear feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"date_range_isim":[1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearch use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Research use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eitem, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["item, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDonor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_85c28ec7f064d103fc6a1b17b4c73c99\"\u003eOrganization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4f9a3a50370f108b16342d0e56be5abb\"\u003eOffsite storage; prior notification required for access\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Offsite storage; prior notification required for access"],"names_coll_ssim":["Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N.","DeWeese, Paul N.","DeWeese, Paul N."],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N."],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund."],"persname_ssim":["DeWeese, Paul N."],"language_ssim":["English","The materials are in  English."],"total_component_count_is":279,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-014","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:12.778Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-014_aspace_38e1a068286392616568cb3c2cfa7938"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-9840_aspace_d37208cba29a2cd89bbc27dd210a6224","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Binders on progress","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-9840_aspace_d37208cba29a2cd89bbc27dd210a6224#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_d37208cba29a2cd89bbc27dd210a6224","ref_ssm":["aspace_d37208cba29a2cd89bbc27dd210a6224","aspace_d37208cba29a2cd89bbc27dd210a6224"],"id":"umich-bhl-9840_aspace_d37208cba29a2cd89bbc27dd210a6224","title_filing_ssi":"Binders on progress","title_ssm":["Binders on progress"],"title_tesim":["Binders on progress"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Binders on progress"],"text":["Binders on progress","Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969","Huron High School"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-9840","aspace_d8cdbd3c7d10b3e2c29edd3169c6c313"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_d8cdbd3c7d10b3e2c29edd3169c6c313","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-9840","umich-bhl-9840_aspace_d8cdbd3c7d10b3e2c29edd3169c6c313"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969","Huron High School"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969","Huron High School"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"extent_ssm":["4 folders"],"extent_tesim":["4 folders"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":4,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":84,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to research, except for some files in box 2 that are restricted to staff use only."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#2","_nest_parent_":"umich-bhl-9840_aspace_d8cdbd3c7d10b3e2c29edd3169c6c313","_root_":"umich-bhl-9840","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:24:36.652Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-9840","title_ssm":["Charles W. Lane papers"],"title_tesim":["Charles W. Lane papers"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-9840","unitdate_ssm":["1935-1997","1958-1969"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1958-1969"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1935-1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["9840 Aa 2"],"text":["9840 Aa 2","Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969","Ann Arbor (Mich.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.","Hawaii.","Houma (La.)","Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands, Japan)","Manila (Philippines)","Nagasaki-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Okinawa Island (Japan)","Wakayama-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Architectural practice -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Architects -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Buildings, Prefabricated.","Mobile home parks -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","World War, 1939-1945.","Architectural drawings.","Iwo Jima, Battle of, Japan, 1945.","World War, 1939-1945.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","Military art and science.","Mobile homes.","Schools -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","War damage -- Japan -- Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands)","War damage -- Japan -- Nagasaki-Shi.","War damage -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","War damage -- Japan -- Wakayama-Shi.","War damage -- Philippines -- Manila.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Destruction and pillage.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military personnel.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military life.","Architectural drawings.","Photographs.","The collection is open to research, except for some files in box 2 that are restricted to staff use only.","No further additions to the papers are expected.","Charles Wesley Lane was born in 1919. He began his career as an architect by working at construction sites during his summer breaks from the University of Michigan, from 1937 through 1941. He then worked for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on the MacArthur Lock in Sault St. Marie. Following Lane's graduation from the University of Michigan he served in World War II. He was in Louisiana for a short time, helping to supervise construction of a blimp hangar. He then began work as a Photo Interpretation officer and was part of the landing at Iwo Jima and Okinawa. He also spent some time in Nagasaki after the atomic bomb. Upon returning he went to work as an architect for George Brigham in Ann Arbor. Brigham's office was divided into two areas, research and production. Lane was assigned to work in research as an architect for Brigham's Progressive Homes Corporation (PHC). The goal of PHC was to design a completely prefabricated home that could be erected in eight hours (with the footings already in place) for the price of $1500. Brigham began the company with funders that included Eugene Cassaroll of Dual Motors. Lane describes the other investors as \"auto people from Detroit.\" The investors disassociated Brigham from the research division when his pace of development did not move along as quickly as they had hoped. The head of PHC was Ira E. \"Mickey\" Gillen, a former production manager for Chrysler Motors."," Gillen and the investors acquired 100,000 square feet of space in Pine Bluff, Arkansas to manufacture their homes. Gillen arranged for the building supplies to come from a variety of companies across the U.S. In a reflection of Gillen's automotive background, he wanted the pieces of the houses brought to Arkansas and assembled as pieces of a car are brought to a central location to be assembled. Gillen set up dealerships for the houses in every state and in England, France and South America. In South America he had a contract for 10,000 homes and in California a naval station wanted 5,000 houses, if they were financed by the Federal Housing Administration. The first two manufactured homes were built in Indiana, then Wisconsin. At about the fifth or sixth house, the local authorities would not issue a building permit because the local plumbers union was against the use of stamped steel in the building. Gillen had the support of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) over the plumbers, but the FHA still would not finance the homes. This was the end of the company because no one would finance the building of the houses. Since 1947, 400 homes had come off of the assembly line. Those homes were built around Washington D.C. because of a contract the PHC had with the government, which the latter was forced to honor. By 1948, about 250 similar companies producing manufactured homes had sprung up around the United States."," After the failure of PHC, Lane went to work for the Walter Aneche firm in Ann Arbor; he worked at the firm from 1948 to 1952. Lane designed drawings for  Good Housekeeping  and schools in Michigan. In 1952 Lane established his own firm in Ann Arbor with architects Alex Riebe and Keith Weiland. Lane developed a 24 x 36 steel sheet that was repetitive and was used in about 400 schools in Michigan. Lane designed many schools and residences throughout Michigan with his firm. The firm was hired in the 1960s to design Huron High School in Ann Arbor, Michigan. This was the largest, most unique school that he designed. He originally made 17 designs of the building, all which were rectangular in shape. In an effort to save money he created a circular design that reduced corridor space and cost. Lane was lauded for the unique design and budget reducing measures. In addition to the actual structure, Lane also made recommendations, which were followed, on where Huron Parkway should be placed."," In 1971, shortly after the completion of Huron High School, Lane left his firm to pursue his interest in manufactured housing. Alex Riebe moved the firm to Farmington, Michigan. Lane saw that many of the same obstacles remained, with the exception of the invention of the mobile home park. In the late 1960s Lane designed a mobile home park in Almont, Michigan which was unique because it had paved streets, parking, and landscaping.","The collection is arranged into five series, Brigham Building System, Lane Projects, Huron High School, Personal and World War II Military Service. The series include the many projects that Charles Wesley Lane worked on during his architectural career and some materials from his military service as well. The collection is composed of photographs, slides, microfilm, microfiche and prints. The researcher will be interested in the variety of architectural projects in which Lane was involved, which include schools, mobile homes, churches, and other types of structures. A small number of photographs of Nagasaki after the atomic bomb may also be of interest.","Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Architect based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Project files relate to work with George Brigham and his system of constructing prefabricated homes, 1944-1947; files relating to design and construction of Huron High School in Ann Arbor; other projects concern design of mobile home parks and other Michigan school buildings.","Bentley Historical Library","Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)","Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-","Brigham, George Bickford, 1889-","English","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["9840 Aa 2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"collection_ssim":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Ann Arbor (Mich.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.","Hawaii.","Houma (La.)","Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands, Japan)","Manila (Philippines)","Nagasaki-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Okinawa Island (Japan)","Wakayama-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945."],"geogname_ssim":["Ann Arbor (Mich.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.","Hawaii.","Houma (La.)","Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands, Japan)","Manila (Philippines)","Nagasaki-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Okinawa Island (Japan)","Wakayama-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945."],"creator_ssm":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"creator_ssim":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"creators_ssim":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"places_ssim":["Ann Arbor (Mich.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.","Hawaii.","Houma (La.)","Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands, Japan)","Manila (Philippines)","Nagasaki-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Okinawa Island (Japan)","Wakayama-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945."],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Charles Wesley Lane (donor  8716 ) in 1998; additions were received from the family in 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Architectural practice -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Architects -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Buildings, Prefabricated.","Mobile home parks -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","World War, 1939-1945.","Architectural drawings.","Iwo Jima, Battle of, Japan, 1945.","World War, 1939-1945.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","Military art and science.","Mobile homes.","Schools -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","War damage -- Japan -- Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands)","War damage -- Japan -- Nagasaki-Shi.","War damage -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","War damage -- Japan -- Wakayama-Shi.","War damage -- Philippines -- Manila.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Destruction and pillage.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military personnel.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military life.","Architectural drawings.","Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Architectural practice -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Architects -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Buildings, Prefabricated.","Mobile home parks -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","World War, 1939-1945.","Architectural drawings.","Iwo Jima, Battle of, Japan, 1945.","World War, 1939-1945.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","Military art and science.","Mobile homes.","Schools -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","War damage -- Japan -- Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands)","War damage -- Japan -- Nagasaki-Shi.","War damage -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","War damage -- Japan -- Wakayama-Shi.","War damage -- Philippines -- Manila.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Destruction and pillage.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military personnel.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military life.","Architectural drawings.","Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.5 linear feet in 6 boxes","7 oversize folders"],"extent_tesim":["4.5 linear feet in 6 boxes","7 oversize folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Architectural drawings.","Photographs."],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research, except for some files in box 2 that are restricted to staff use only.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research, except for some files in box 2 that are restricted to staff use only."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo further additions to the papers are expected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["No further additions to the papers are expected."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Wesley Lane was born in 1919. He began his career as an architect by working at construction sites during his summer breaks from the University of Michigan, from 1937 through 1941. He then worked for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on the MacArthur Lock in Sault St. Marie. Following Lane's graduation from the University of Michigan he served in World War II. He was in Louisiana for a short time, helping to supervise construction of a blimp hangar. He then began work as a Photo Interpretation officer and was part of the landing at Iwo Jima and Okinawa. He also spent some time in Nagasaki after the atomic bomb. Upon returning he went to work as an architect for George Brigham in Ann Arbor. Brigham's office was divided into two areas, research and production. Lane was assigned to work in research as an architect for Brigham's Progressive Homes Corporation (PHC). The goal of PHC was to design a completely prefabricated home that could be erected in eight hours (with the footings already in place) for the price of $1500. Brigham began the company with funders that included Eugene Cassaroll of Dual Motors. Lane describes the other investors as \"auto people from Detroit.\" The investors disassociated Brigham from the research division when his pace of development did not move along as quickly as they had hoped. The head of PHC was Ira E. \"Mickey\" Gillen, a former production manager for Chrysler Motors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Gillen and the investors acquired 100,000 square feet of space in Pine Bluff, Arkansas to manufacture their homes. Gillen arranged for the building supplies to come from a variety of companies across the U.S. In a reflection of Gillen's automotive background, he wanted the pieces of the houses brought to Arkansas and assembled as pieces of a car are brought to a central location to be assembled. Gillen set up dealerships for the houses in every state and in England, France and South America. In South America he had a contract for 10,000 homes and in California a naval station wanted 5,000 houses, if they were financed by the Federal Housing Administration. The first two manufactured homes were built in Indiana, then Wisconsin. At about the fifth or sixth house, the local authorities would not issue a building permit because the local plumbers union was against the use of stamped steel in the building. Gillen had the support of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) over the plumbers, but the FHA still would not finance the homes. This was the end of the company because no one would finance the building of the houses. Since 1947, 400 homes had come off of the assembly line. Those homes were built around Washington D.C. because of a contract the PHC had with the government, which the latter was forced to honor. By 1948, about 250 similar companies producing manufactured homes had sprung up around the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e After the failure of PHC, Lane went to work for the Walter Aneche firm in Ann Arbor; he worked at the firm from 1948 to 1952. Lane designed drawings for \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eGood Housekeeping\u003c/title\u003e and schools in Michigan. In 1952 Lane established his own firm in Ann Arbor with architects Alex Riebe and Keith Weiland. Lane developed a 24 x 36 steel sheet that was repetitive and was used in about 400 schools in Michigan. Lane designed many schools and residences throughout Michigan with his firm. The firm was hired in the 1960s to design Huron High School in Ann Arbor, Michigan. This was the largest, most unique school that he designed. He originally made 17 designs of the building, all which were rectangular in shape. In an effort to save money he created a circular design that reduced corridor space and cost. Lane was lauded for the unique design and budget reducing measures. In addition to the actual structure, Lane also made recommendations, which were followed, on where Huron Parkway should be placed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1971, shortly after the completion of Huron High School, Lane left his firm to pursue his interest in manufactured housing. Alex Riebe moved the firm to Farmington, Michigan. Lane saw that many of the same obstacles remained, with the exception of the invention of the mobile home park. In the late 1960s Lane designed a mobile home park in Almont, Michigan which was unique because it had paved streets, parking, and landscaping.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Wesley Lane was born in 1919. He began his career as an architect by working at construction sites during his summer breaks from the University of Michigan, from 1937 through 1941. He then worked for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on the MacArthur Lock in Sault St. Marie. Following Lane's graduation from the University of Michigan he served in World War II. He was in Louisiana for a short time, helping to supervise construction of a blimp hangar. He then began work as a Photo Interpretation officer and was part of the landing at Iwo Jima and Okinawa. He also spent some time in Nagasaki after the atomic bomb. Upon returning he went to work as an architect for George Brigham in Ann Arbor. Brigham's office was divided into two areas, research and production. Lane was assigned to work in research as an architect for Brigham's Progressive Homes Corporation (PHC). The goal of PHC was to design a completely prefabricated home that could be erected in eight hours (with the footings already in place) for the price of $1500. Brigham began the company with funders that included Eugene Cassaroll of Dual Motors. Lane describes the other investors as \"auto people from Detroit.\" The investors disassociated Brigham from the research division when his pace of development did not move along as quickly as they had hoped. The head of PHC was Ira E. \"Mickey\" Gillen, a former production manager for Chrysler Motors."," Gillen and the investors acquired 100,000 square feet of space in Pine Bluff, Arkansas to manufacture their homes. Gillen arranged for the building supplies to come from a variety of companies across the U.S. In a reflection of Gillen's automotive background, he wanted the pieces of the houses brought to Arkansas and assembled as pieces of a car are brought to a central location to be assembled. Gillen set up dealerships for the houses in every state and in England, France and South America. In South America he had a contract for 10,000 homes and in California a naval station wanted 5,000 houses, if they were financed by the Federal Housing Administration. The first two manufactured homes were built in Indiana, then Wisconsin. At about the fifth or sixth house, the local authorities would not issue a building permit because the local plumbers union was against the use of stamped steel in the building. Gillen had the support of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) over the plumbers, but the FHA still would not finance the homes. This was the end of the company because no one would finance the building of the houses. Since 1947, 400 homes had come off of the assembly line. Those homes were built around Washington D.C. because of a contract the PHC had with the government, which the latter was forced to honor. By 1948, about 250 similar companies producing manufactured homes had sprung up around the United States."," After the failure of PHC, Lane went to work for the Walter Aneche firm in Ann Arbor; he worked at the firm from 1948 to 1952. Lane designed drawings for  Good Housekeeping  and schools in Michigan. In 1952 Lane established his own firm in Ann Arbor with architects Alex Riebe and Keith Weiland. Lane developed a 24 x 36 steel sheet that was repetitive and was used in about 400 schools in Michigan. Lane designed many schools and residences throughout Michigan with his firm. The firm was hired in the 1960s to design Huron High School in Ann Arbor, Michigan. This was the largest, most unique school that he designed. He originally made 17 designs of the building, all which were rectangular in shape. In an effort to save money he created a circular design that reduced corridor space and cost. Lane was lauded for the unique design and budget reducing measures. In addition to the actual structure, Lane also made recommendations, which were followed, on where Huron Parkway should be placed."," In 1971, shortly after the completion of Huron High School, Lane left his firm to pursue his interest in manufactured housing. Alex Riebe moved the firm to Farmington, Michigan. Lane saw that many of the same obstacles remained, with the exception of the invention of the mobile home park. In the late 1960s Lane designed a mobile home park in Almont, Michigan which was unique because it had paved streets, parking, and landscaping."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item], folder, box, Charles W. Lane papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item], folder, box, Charles W. Lane papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into five series, Brigham Building System, Lane Projects, Huron High School, Personal and World War II Military Service. The series include the many projects that Charles Wesley Lane worked on during his architectural career and some materials from his military service as well. The collection is composed of photographs, slides, microfilm, microfiche and prints. The researcher will be interested in the variety of architectural projects in which Lane was involved, which include schools, mobile homes, churches, and other types of structures. A small number of photographs of Nagasaki after the atomic bomb may also be of interest.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection is arranged into five series, Brigham Building System, Lane Projects, Huron High School, Personal and World War II Military Service. The series include the many projects that Charles Wesley Lane worked on during his architectural career and some materials from his military service as well. The collection is composed of photographs, slides, microfilm, microfiche and prints. The researcher will be interested in the variety of architectural projects in which Lane was involved, which include schools, mobile homes, churches, and other types of structures. A small number of photographs of Nagasaki after the atomic bomb may also be of interest."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1711e8ec6440e36b108652ca8e44f52e\"\u003eArchitect based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Project files relate to work with George Brigham and his system of constructing prefabricated homes, 1944-1947; files relating to design and construction of Huron High School in Ann Arbor; other projects concern design of mobile home parks and other Michigan school buildings.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Architect based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Project files relate to work with George Brigham and his system of constructing prefabricated homes, 1944-1947; files relating to design and construction of Huron High School in Ann Arbor; other projects concern design of mobile home parks and other Michigan school buildings."],"names_coll_ssim":["Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)","Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)","Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-","Brigham, George Bickford, 1889-","Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)","Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-","Brigham, George Bickford, 1889-"],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)"],"persname_ssim":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-","Brigham, George Bickford, 1889-"],"language_ssim":["English","The material is in  English"],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":135,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-9840","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:24:36.652Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-9840_aspace_d37208cba29a2cd89bbc27dd210a6224"}},{"id":"2013C4-xml_ref17","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Biographical article on Song Feiqing and the Oriental Corporation by Li Jingshan and three others in the collection of Tianjin Wen Shi Zi Liao Xuan Ji, with English translation 收录于《天津文史资料选辑》中由李静山等人撰写的“宋棐卿与天津东亚企业公司”一文及其英文翻译, 1984","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/2013C4-xml_ref17#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"ref17","ref_ssm":["ref17","ref17"],"id":"2013C4-xml_ref17","title_filing_ssi":"Biographical article on Song Feiqing and the Oriental Corporation by Li Jingshan and three others in the collection of Tianjin Wen Shi Zi Liao Xuan Ji, with English translation 收录于《天津文史资料选辑》中由李静山等人撰写的“宋棐卿与天津东亚企业公司”一文及其英文翻译,","title_ssm":["Biographical article on Song Feiqing and the Oriental Corporation by Li Jingshan and three others in the collection of Tianjin Wen Shi Zi Liao Xuan Ji, with English translation 收录于《天津文史资料选辑》中由李静山等人撰写的“宋棐卿与天津东亚企业公司”一文及其英文翻译,"],"title_tesim":["Biographical article on Song Feiqing and the Oriental Corporation by Li Jingshan and three others in the collection of Tianjin Wen Shi Zi Liao Xuan Ji, with English translation 收录于《天津文史资料选辑》中由李静山等人撰写的“宋棐卿与天津东亚企业公司”一文及其英文翻译,"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1984"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1984"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Biographical article on Song Feiqing and the Oriental Corporation by Li Jingshan and three others in the collection of Tianjin Wen Shi Zi Liao Xuan Ji, with English translation 收录于《天津文史资料选辑》中由李静山等人撰写的“宋棐卿与天津东亚企业公司”一文及其英文翻译, 1984"],"text":["Biographical article on Song Feiqing and the Oriental Corporation by Li Jingshan and three others in the collection of Tianjin Wen Shi Zi Liao Xuan Ji, with English translation 收录于《天津文史资料选辑》中由李静山等人撰写的“宋棐卿与天津东亚企业公司”一文及其英文翻译, 1984","Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009","Biographical and historical information on Song Feiqing and the Oriental Corporation 宋棐卿生平和东亚毛纺织公司历史资料, 1965-2009","Box-folder 1:9"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["2013C4-xml","ref11"],"parent_ssi":"ref11","parent_ids_ssim":["2013C4-xml","2013C4-xml_ref11"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009","Biographical and historical information on Song Feiqing and the Oriental Corporation 宋棐卿生平和东亚毛纺织公司历史资料, 1965-2009"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009","Biographical and historical information on Song Feiqing and the Oriental Corporation 宋棐卿生平和东亚毛纺织公司历史资料, 1965-2009"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":7,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research.","The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to \n                copies of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives."],"containers_ssim":["Box-folder 1:9"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#5","_nest_parent_":"2013C4-xml_ref11","_root_":"2013C4-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:00:35.990Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"2013C4-xml","title_filing_ssi":"Song Feiqing papers","title_ssm":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers"],"title_tesim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers"],"ead_ssi":"2013C4.xml","unitdate_ssm":["1926-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1926-2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2013C4"],"text":["2013C4","Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009","Business enterprises--China--Hong Kong.","Business enterprises--China.","The collection is open for research.","The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to \n                 copies  of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible.","Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at \n                 http://searchworks.stanford.edu/ . Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid.","Born in 1898, the Chinese businessman Song Feiqing is best known for his role in modern China's industrialization and promoting the spirit of entrepreneurship in China. \n                Born into a Christian family in Shandong Province, in the early 1920s Song went to Chicago to study business management at Northwestern University. \n                In 1925, he returned to China and spent the next several years working in his father's business in Tianjin. \n                Seeing that China's industry was lacking entrepreneurship, especially in the textile market where foreign countries were profiting at China's expense, in 1932 Song established the Oriental Corporation (Dongya) in Tianjin. \n                That corporation became China's first textile company to use Chinese wool to produce its yarn and to sell its products both domestically and internationally. \n                By the 1940s, the corporation had become the largest yarn production company in China, having garnered more than 80 percent of the domestic Chinese market.","Song's entrepreneurship transformed the business environment in modern China. \n                In addition, Song brought his religious beliefs into his management style and enterprise culture, as well as forming a social communication network that relied on the Christian spirit to serve his entrepreneurial purposes. \n                After the Chinese Communists won the civil war and established the People's Republic in 1949, Song struggled to keep his enterprises intact but was unable to do so. \n                In 1950, he moved his company to Hong Kong and later immigrated to Argentina. He died in Buenos Aires in 1955.","The papers of Song Feiqing include correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to the operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and then in Hong Kong, including what part Christian beliefs played in Song's management practices. The papers also provide a rare glimpse into the formation of industrialization and entrepreneurship in China’s recent past.","For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives.","Correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and subsequently in Hong Kong.","Hoover Institution Archives","Hoover Institution Archives","Oriental Corporation.","Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955.","Chinese  and  English"],"unitid_tesim":["2013C4"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1926-2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"collection_title_tesim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"collection_ssim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"repository_ssm":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"creator_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"creators_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"access_terms_ssm":["For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials were acquired by the Hoover Institution Archives in 2013."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Business enterprises--China--Hong Kong.","Business enterprises--China."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Business enterprises--China--Hong Kong.","Business enterprises--China."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8 manuscript boxes, 1 motion picture film reel (4 linear feet)"],"extent_tesim":["8 manuscript boxes, 1 motion picture film reel (4 linear feet)"],"date_range_isim":[1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to \n                \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ecopies\u003c/emph\u003e of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research.","The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to \n                 copies  of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at \n                \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://searchworks.stanford.edu/\"\u003ehttp://searchworks.stanford.edu/\u003c/extref\u003e. Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at \n                 http://searchworks.stanford.edu/ . Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn in 1898, the Chinese businessman Song Feiqing is best known for his role in modern China's industrialization and promoting the spirit of entrepreneurship in China. \n                Born into a Christian family in Shandong Province, in the early 1920s Song went to Chicago to study business management at Northwestern University. \n                In 1925, he returned to China and spent the next several years working in his father's business in Tianjin. \n                Seeing that China's industry was lacking entrepreneurship, especially in the textile market where foreign countries were profiting at China's expense, in 1932 Song established the Oriental Corporation (Dongya) in Tianjin. \n                That corporation became China's first textile company to use Chinese wool to produce its yarn and to sell its products both domestically and internationally. \n                By the 1940s, the corporation had become the largest yarn production company in China, having garnered more than 80 percent of the domestic Chinese market.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSong's entrepreneurship transformed the business environment in modern China. \n                In addition, Song brought his religious beliefs into his management style and enterprise culture, as well as forming a social communication network that relied on the Christian spirit to serve his entrepreneurial purposes. \n                After the Chinese Communists won the civil war and established the People's Republic in 1949, Song struggled to keep his enterprises intact but was unable to do so. \n                In 1950, he moved his company to Hong Kong and later immigrated to Argentina. He died in Buenos Aires in 1955.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in 1898, the Chinese businessman Song Feiqing is best known for his role in modern China's industrialization and promoting the spirit of entrepreneurship in China. \n                Born into a Christian family in Shandong Province, in the early 1920s Song went to Chicago to study business management at Northwestern University. \n                In 1925, he returned to China and spent the next several years working in his father's business in Tianjin. \n                Seeing that China's industry was lacking entrepreneurship, especially in the textile market where foreign countries were profiting at China's expense, in 1932 Song established the Oriental Corporation (Dongya) in Tianjin. \n                That corporation became China's first textile company to use Chinese wool to produce its yarn and to sell its products both domestically and internationally. \n                By the 1940s, the corporation had become the largest yarn production company in China, having garnered more than 80 percent of the domestic Chinese market.","Song's entrepreneurship transformed the business environment in modern China. \n                In addition, Song brought his religious beliefs into his management style and enterprise culture, as well as forming a social communication network that relied on the Christian spirit to serve his entrepreneurial purposes. \n                After the Chinese Communists won the civil war and established the People's Republic in 1949, Song struggled to keep his enterprises intact but was unable to do so. \n                In 1950, he moved his company to Hong Kong and later immigrated to Argentina. He died in Buenos Aires in 1955."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Song Feiqing papers, [Box no.], Hoover Institution Archives\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Song Feiqing papers, [Box no.], Hoover Institution Archives"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Song Feiqing include correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to the operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and then in Hong Kong, including what part Christian beliefs played in Song's management practices. The papers also provide a rare glimpse into the formation of industrialization and entrepreneurship in China’s recent past.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content of Collection"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Song Feiqing include correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to the operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and then in Hong Kong, including what part Christian beliefs played in Song's management practices. The papers also provide a rare glimpse into the formation of industrialization and entrepreneurship in China’s recent past."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication Rights"],"userestrict_tesim":["For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"ref2\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCorrespondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and subsequently in Hong Kong.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and subsequently in Hong Kong."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"ref3\" label=\"Physical Location\"\u003eHoover Institution Archives\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Oriental Corporation."],"names_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives","Oriental Corporation.","Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"corpname_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives","Oriental Corporation."],"persname_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"language_ssim":["Chinese  and  English"],"total_component_count_is":68,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"2013C4-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:00:35.990Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/2013C4-xml_ref17"}},{"id":"2013C4-xml_ref16","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Biographical article on Song Feiqing and the Oriental Corporation in the book  Chinese Business Giants in the Century,  with English translation《中国百年商业巨子（下）》一书中“宋棐卿和东亚毛纺织股份有限公司”一文及其英文翻译, 1997","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/2013C4-xml_ref16#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"ref16","ref_ssm":["ref16","ref16"],"id":"2013C4-xml_ref16","title_filing_ssi":"Biographical article on Song Feiqing and the Oriental Corporation in the book  Chinese Business Giants in the Century,  with English translation《中国百年商业巨子（下）》一书中“宋棐卿和东亚毛纺织股份有限公司”一文及其英文翻译,","title_ssm":["Biographical article on Song Feiqing and the Oriental Corporation in the book  Chinese Business Giants in the Century,  with English translation《中国百年商业巨子（下）》一书中“宋棐卿和东亚毛纺织股份有限公司”一文及其英文翻译,"],"title_tesim":["Biographical article on Song Feiqing and the Oriental Corporation in the book  Chinese Business Giants in the Century,  with English translation《中国百年商业巨子（下）》一书中“宋棐卿和东亚毛纺织股份有限公司”一文及其英文翻译,"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1997"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1997"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Biographical article on Song Feiqing and the Oriental Corporation in the book  Chinese Business Giants in the Century,  with English translation《中国百年商业巨子（下）》一书中“宋棐卿和东亚毛纺织股份有限公司”一文及其英文翻译, 1997"],"text":["Biographical article on Song Feiqing and the Oriental Corporation in the book  Chinese Business Giants in the Century,  with English translation《中国百年商业巨子（下）》一书中“宋棐卿和东亚毛纺织股份有限公司”一文及其英文翻译, 1997","Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009","Biographical and historical information on Song Feiqing and the Oriental Corporation 宋棐卿生平和东亚毛纺织公司历史资料, 1965-2009","Box-folder 1:8"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["2013C4-xml","ref11"],"parent_ssi":"ref11","parent_ids_ssim":["2013C4-xml","2013C4-xml_ref11"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009","Biographical and historical information on Song Feiqing and the Oriental Corporation 宋棐卿生平和东亚毛纺织公司历史资料, 1965-2009"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009","Biographical and historical information on Song Feiqing and the Oriental Corporation 宋棐卿生平和东亚毛纺织公司历史资料, 1965-2009"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":6,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research.","The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to \n                copies of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. 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To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible.","Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at \n                 http://searchworks.stanford.edu/ . Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid.","Born in 1898, the Chinese businessman Song Feiqing is best known for his role in modern China's industrialization and promoting the spirit of entrepreneurship in China. \n                Born into a Christian family in Shandong Province, in the early 1920s Song went to Chicago to study business management at Northwestern University. \n                In 1925, he returned to China and spent the next several years working in his father's business in Tianjin. \n                Seeing that China's industry was lacking entrepreneurship, especially in the textile market where foreign countries were profiting at China's expense, in 1932 Song established the Oriental Corporation (Dongya) in Tianjin. \n                That corporation became China's first textile company to use Chinese wool to produce its yarn and to sell its products both domestically and internationally. \n                By the 1940s, the corporation had become the largest yarn production company in China, having garnered more than 80 percent of the domestic Chinese market.","Song's entrepreneurship transformed the business environment in modern China. \n                In addition, Song brought his religious beliefs into his management style and enterprise culture, as well as forming a social communication network that relied on the Christian spirit to serve his entrepreneurial purposes. \n                After the Chinese Communists won the civil war and established the People's Republic in 1949, Song struggled to keep his enterprises intact but was unable to do so. \n                In 1950, he moved his company to Hong Kong and later immigrated to Argentina. He died in Buenos Aires in 1955.","The papers of Song Feiqing include correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to the operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and then in Hong Kong, including what part Christian beliefs played in Song's management practices. The papers also provide a rare glimpse into the formation of industrialization and entrepreneurship in China’s recent past.","For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives.","Correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and subsequently in Hong Kong.","Hoover Institution Archives","Hoover Institution Archives","Oriental Corporation.","Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955.","Chinese  and  English"],"unitid_tesim":["2013C4"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1926-2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"collection_title_tesim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"collection_ssim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"repository_ssm":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"creator_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"creators_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"access_terms_ssm":["For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials were acquired by the Hoover Institution Archives in 2013."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Business enterprises--China--Hong Kong.","Business enterprises--China."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Business enterprises--China--Hong Kong.","Business enterprises--China."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8 manuscript boxes, 1 motion picture film reel (4 linear feet)"],"extent_tesim":["8 manuscript boxes, 1 motion picture film reel (4 linear feet)"],"date_range_isim":[1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to \n                \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ecopies\u003c/emph\u003e of audiovisual items. 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Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn in 1898, the Chinese businessman Song Feiqing is best known for his role in modern China's industrialization and promoting the spirit of entrepreneurship in China. \n                Born into a Christian family in Shandong Province, in the early 1920s Song went to Chicago to study business management at Northwestern University. \n                In 1925, he returned to China and spent the next several years working in his father's business in Tianjin. \n                Seeing that China's industry was lacking entrepreneurship, especially in the textile market where foreign countries were profiting at China's expense, in 1932 Song established the Oriental Corporation (Dongya) in Tianjin. \n                That corporation became China's first textile company to use Chinese wool to produce its yarn and to sell its products both domestically and internationally. \n                By the 1940s, the corporation had become the largest yarn production company in China, having garnered more than 80 percent of the domestic Chinese market.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSong's entrepreneurship transformed the business environment in modern China. \n                In addition, Song brought his religious beliefs into his management style and enterprise culture, as well as forming a social communication network that relied on the Christian spirit to serve his entrepreneurial purposes. \n                After the Chinese Communists won the civil war and established the People's Republic in 1949, Song struggled to keep his enterprises intact but was unable to do so. \n                In 1950, he moved his company to Hong Kong and later immigrated to Argentina. He died in Buenos Aires in 1955.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in 1898, the Chinese businessman Song Feiqing is best known for his role in modern China's industrialization and promoting the spirit of entrepreneurship in China. \n                Born into a Christian family in Shandong Province, in the early 1920s Song went to Chicago to study business management at Northwestern University. \n                In 1925, he returned to China and spent the next several years working in his father's business in Tianjin. \n                Seeing that China's industry was lacking entrepreneurship, especially in the textile market where foreign countries were profiting at China's expense, in 1932 Song established the Oriental Corporation (Dongya) in Tianjin. \n                That corporation became China's first textile company to use Chinese wool to produce its yarn and to sell its products both domestically and internationally. \n                By the 1940s, the corporation had become the largest yarn production company in China, having garnered more than 80 percent of the domestic Chinese market.","Song's entrepreneurship transformed the business environment in modern China. \n                In addition, Song brought his religious beliefs into his management style and enterprise culture, as well as forming a social communication network that relied on the Christian spirit to serve his entrepreneurial purposes. \n                After the Chinese Communists won the civil war and established the People's Republic in 1949, Song struggled to keep his enterprises intact but was unable to do so. \n                In 1950, he moved his company to Hong Kong and later immigrated to Argentina. He died in Buenos Aires in 1955."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Song Feiqing papers, [Box no.], Hoover Institution Archives\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Song Feiqing papers, [Box no.], Hoover Institution Archives"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Song Feiqing include correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to the operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and then in Hong Kong, including what part Christian beliefs played in Song's management practices. 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To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible.","Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at \n                 http://searchworks.stanford.edu/ . Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid.","Born in 1898, the Chinese businessman Song Feiqing is best known for his role in modern China's industrialization and promoting the spirit of entrepreneurship in China. \n                Born into a Christian family in Shandong Province, in the early 1920s Song went to Chicago to study business management at Northwestern University. \n                In 1925, he returned to China and spent the next several years working in his father's business in Tianjin. \n                Seeing that China's industry was lacking entrepreneurship, especially in the textile market where foreign countries were profiting at China's expense, in 1932 Song established the Oriental Corporation (Dongya) in Tianjin. \n                That corporation became China's first textile company to use Chinese wool to produce its yarn and to sell its products both domestically and internationally. \n                By the 1940s, the corporation had become the largest yarn production company in China, having garnered more than 80 percent of the domestic Chinese market.","Song's entrepreneurship transformed the business environment in modern China. \n                In addition, Song brought his religious beliefs into his management style and enterprise culture, as well as forming a social communication network that relied on the Christian spirit to serve his entrepreneurial purposes. \n                After the Chinese Communists won the civil war and established the People's Republic in 1949, Song struggled to keep his enterprises intact but was unable to do so. \n                In 1950, he moved his company to Hong Kong and later immigrated to Argentina. He died in Buenos Aires in 1955.","The papers of Song Feiqing include correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to the operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and then in Hong Kong, including what part Christian beliefs played in Song's management practices. The papers also provide a rare glimpse into the formation of industrialization and entrepreneurship in China’s recent past.","For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives.","Correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and subsequently in Hong Kong.","Hoover Institution Archives","Hoover Institution Archives","Oriental Corporation.","Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955.","Chinese  and  English"],"unitid_tesim":["2013C4"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1926-2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"collection_title_tesim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"collection_ssim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"repository_ssm":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"creator_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"creators_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"access_terms_ssm":["For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials were acquired by the Hoover Institution Archives in 2013."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Business enterprises--China--Hong Kong.","Business enterprises--China."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Business enterprises--China--Hong Kong.","Business enterprises--China."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8 manuscript boxes, 1 motion picture film reel (4 linear feet)"],"extent_tesim":["8 manuscript boxes, 1 motion picture film reel (4 linear feet)"],"date_range_isim":[1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to \n                \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ecopies\u003c/emph\u003e of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research.","The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to \n                 copies  of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at \n                \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://searchworks.stanford.edu/\"\u003ehttp://searchworks.stanford.edu/\u003c/extref\u003e. Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at \n                 http://searchworks.stanford.edu/ . Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn in 1898, the Chinese businessman Song Feiqing is best known for his role in modern China's industrialization and promoting the spirit of entrepreneurship in China. \n                Born into a Christian family in Shandong Province, in the early 1920s Song went to Chicago to study business management at Northwestern University. \n                In 1925, he returned to China and spent the next several years working in his father's business in Tianjin. \n                Seeing that China's industry was lacking entrepreneurship, especially in the textile market where foreign countries were profiting at China's expense, in 1932 Song established the Oriental Corporation (Dongya) in Tianjin. \n                That corporation became China's first textile company to use Chinese wool to produce its yarn and to sell its products both domestically and internationally. \n                By the 1940s, the corporation had become the largest yarn production company in China, having garnered more than 80 percent of the domestic Chinese market.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSong's entrepreneurship transformed the business environment in modern China. \n                In addition, Song brought his religious beliefs into his management style and enterprise culture, as well as forming a social communication network that relied on the Christian spirit to serve his entrepreneurial purposes. \n                After the Chinese Communists won the civil war and established the People's Republic in 1949, Song struggled to keep his enterprises intact but was unable to do so. \n                In 1950, he moved his company to Hong Kong and later immigrated to Argentina. He died in Buenos Aires in 1955.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in 1898, the Chinese businessman Song Feiqing is best known for his role in modern China's industrialization and promoting the spirit of entrepreneurship in China. \n                Born into a Christian family in Shandong Province, in the early 1920s Song went to Chicago to study business management at Northwestern University. \n                In 1925, he returned to China and spent the next several years working in his father's business in Tianjin. \n                Seeing that China's industry was lacking entrepreneurship, especially in the textile market where foreign countries were profiting at China's expense, in 1932 Song established the Oriental Corporation (Dongya) in Tianjin. \n                That corporation became China's first textile company to use Chinese wool to produce its yarn and to sell its products both domestically and internationally. \n                By the 1940s, the corporation had become the largest yarn production company in China, having garnered more than 80 percent of the domestic Chinese market.","Song's entrepreneurship transformed the business environment in modern China. \n                In addition, Song brought his religious beliefs into his management style and enterprise culture, as well as forming a social communication network that relied on the Christian spirit to serve his entrepreneurial purposes. \n                After the Chinese Communists won the civil war and established the People's Republic in 1949, Song struggled to keep his enterprises intact but was unable to do so. \n                In 1950, he moved his company to Hong Kong and later immigrated to Argentina. He died in Buenos Aires in 1955."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Song Feiqing papers, [Box no.], Hoover Institution Archives\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Song Feiqing papers, [Box no.], Hoover Institution Archives"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Song Feiqing include correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to the operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and then in Hong Kong, including what part Christian beliefs played in Song's management practices. The papers also provide a rare glimpse into the formation of industrialization and entrepreneurship in China’s recent past.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content of Collection"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Song Feiqing include correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to the operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and then in Hong Kong, including what part Christian beliefs played in Song's management practices. The papers also provide a rare glimpse into the formation of industrialization and entrepreneurship in China’s recent past."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication Rights"],"userestrict_tesim":["For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"ref2\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCorrespondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and subsequently in Hong Kong.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and subsequently in Hong Kong."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"ref3\" label=\"Physical Location\"\u003eHoover Institution Archives\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Oriental Corporation."],"names_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives","Oriental Corporation.","Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"corpname_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives","Oriental Corporation."],"persname_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"language_ssim":["Chinese  and  English"],"total_component_count_is":68,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"2013C4-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:00:35.990Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/2013C4-xml_ref14"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-0047_aspace_a5f30afc88b018730b6b9c1fcb45d7dd","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Biographical information","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-0047_aspace_a5f30afc88b018730b6b9c1fcb45d7dd#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_a5f30afc88b018730b6b9c1fcb45d7dd","ref_ssm":["aspace_a5f30afc88b018730b6b9c1fcb45d7dd","aspace_a5f30afc88b018730b6b9c1fcb45d7dd"],"id":"umich-bhl-0047_aspace_a5f30afc88b018730b6b9c1fcb45d7dd","title_filing_ssi":"Biographical information","title_ssm":["Biographical information"],"title_tesim":["Biographical information"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Biographical information"],"text":["Biographical information","Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000","Papers, Correspondence, and Events","box 1"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-0047","aspace_336d22eb22bf889fec665a72c9552068"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_336d22eb22bf889fec665a72c9552068","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-0047","umich-bhl-0047_aspace_336d22eb22bf889fec665a72c9552068"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000","Papers, Correspondence, and Events"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000","Papers, Correspondence, and Events"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":3,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"containers_ssim":["box 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1","_nest_parent_":"umich-bhl-0047_aspace_336d22eb22bf889fec665a72c9552068","_root_":"umich-bhl-0047","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:06.070Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-0047","title_ssm":["Ruth Ellis papers"],"title_tesim":["Ruth Ellis papers"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-0047","unitdate_ssm":["1910-2000","1997-2000"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1997-2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0047 Aa 2 Ac"],"text":["0047 Aa 2 Ac","Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000","Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Printers.","Printing press.","Photographs.","The collection is open to research.","No further additions to the papers are expected.","Digitization:  The Library has undertaken the digitization of a number of sound recordings within this collection. The resulting audio files are available for playback only in the Bentley Library Reading Room. Links to item images and additional information are available within this finding aid. Original sound recordings are only available for staff use.","Ruth Ellis was born on July 23, 1899 in Springfield Illinois, the youngest of four children born to Charles and Carrie Ellis. After the death of her mother, Ellis and her brothers were raised by her father. At age 37, she moved to Detroit and was soon joined by her partner, Cicilene \"Babe\" Franklin also of Springfield. The couple stayed together for more than thirty years, during which time they bought a home on Oakland Avenue and opened a small print shop, the Ellis and Franklin Printing Company."," During the late 1930s and 1940s the Ellis/Franklin house served as a meeting place and temporary shelter for Gay men and Lesbians. Ms. Ellis ran the print shop until her retirement at age 65. She actively participated in the events of the Lesbian community nation-wide until her death in 2000 at the age of 101.","The Ruth Ellis collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications related to Ms. Ellis's life and her activities in the Gay and Lesbian community. The papers are arranged in the following series: Papers, Correspondence, and Events; Photographs; and Miscellaneous Materials.","Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Ruth Ellis of Detroit, Michigan was well known in the Gay community as the oldest known African American Lesbian. She was a business woman, owned a printing company, and held social gatherings at her home at a time when there were few opportunities for Gay African Americans to gather. During the last twenty years of her life she was active in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender community and in the Senior Citizens movement. The collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications.","Bentley Historical Library","Ellis family.","Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000","English","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["0047 Aa 2 Ac"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000"],"collection_ssim":["Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"creator_ssm":["Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"creator_ssim":["Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"creators_ssim":["Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection received from Ruth Ellis (donor no.  8774 ) in 2000."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Printers.","Printing press.","Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Printers.","Printing press.","Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["2.5 linear feet","3.6 GB"],"extent_tesim":["2.5 linear feet","3.6 GB"],"physfacet_tesim":["online"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs."],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo further additions to the papers are expected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["No further additions to the papers are expected."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eDigitization:\u003c/emph\u003e The Library has undertaken the digitization of a number of sound recordings within this collection. The resulting audio files are available for playback only in the Bentley Library Reading Room. Links to item images and additional information are available within this finding aid. Original sound recordings are only available for staff use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Digitization:  The Library has undertaken the digitization of a number of sound recordings within this collection. The resulting audio files are available for playback only in the Bentley Library Reading Room. Links to item images and additional information are available within this finding aid. Original sound recordings are only available for staff use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRuth Ellis was born on July 23, 1899 in Springfield Illinois, the youngest of four children born to Charles and Carrie Ellis. After the death of her mother, Ellis and her brothers were raised by her father. At age 37, she moved to Detroit and was soon joined by her partner, Cicilene \"Babe\" Franklin also of Springfield. The couple stayed together for more than thirty years, during which time they bought a home on Oakland Avenue and opened a small print shop, the Ellis and Franklin Printing Company.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e During the late 1930s and 1940s the Ellis/Franklin house served as a meeting place and temporary shelter for Gay men and Lesbians. Ms. Ellis ran the print shop until her retirement at age 65. She actively participated in the events of the Lesbian community nation-wide until her death in 2000 at the age of 101.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ruth Ellis was born on July 23, 1899 in Springfield Illinois, the youngest of four children born to Charles and Carrie Ellis. After the death of her mother, Ellis and her brothers were raised by her father. At age 37, she moved to Detroit and was soon joined by her partner, Cicilene \"Babe\" Franklin also of Springfield. The couple stayed together for more than thirty years, during which time they bought a home on Oakland Avenue and opened a small print shop, the Ellis and Franklin Printing Company."," During the late 1930s and 1940s the Ellis/Franklin house served as a meeting place and temporary shelter for Gay men and Lesbians. Ms. Ellis ran the print shop until her retirement at age 65. She actively participated in the events of the Lesbian community nation-wide until her death in 2000 at the age of 101."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item], folder, box, Ruth Ellis papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item], folder, box, Ruth Ellis papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ruth Ellis collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications related to Ms. Ellis's life and her activities in the Gay and Lesbian community. The papers are arranged in the following series: Papers, Correspondence, and Events; Photographs; and Miscellaneous Materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ruth Ellis collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications related to Ms. Ellis's life and her activities in the Gay and Lesbian community. The papers are arranged in the following series: Papers, Correspondence, and Events; Photographs; and Miscellaneous Materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_14322b7e892c746399263b939c268594\"\u003eRuth Ellis of Detroit, Michigan was well known in the Gay community as the oldest known African American Lesbian. She was a business woman, owned a printing company, and held social gatherings at her home at a time when there were few opportunities for Gay African Americans to gather. During the last twenty years of her life she was active in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender community and in the Senior Citizens movement. The collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Ruth Ellis of Detroit, Michigan was well known in the Gay community as the oldest known African American Lesbian. She was a business woman, owned a printing company, and held social gatherings at her home at a time when there were few opportunities for Gay African Americans to gather. During the last twenty years of her life she was active in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender community and in the Senior Citizens movement. The collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications."],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","Ellis family.","Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ellis family.","Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000","Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"famname_ssim":["Ellis family."],"persname_ssim":["Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"language_ssim":["English","The material is in  English"],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":35,"online_item_count_is":2,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-0047","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:06.070Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-0047_aspace_a5f30afc88b018730b6b9c1fcb45d7dd"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968","value":"Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968","hits":346},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Clarke+Family+Papers%2C+1904-1968\u0026f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File"}},{"attributes":{"label":"David V. 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