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Coventry:  Shanting, The Sacred Province of China  Christian Literature Society; Shanghai, 1912","6. Graham, Dorothy:  Through the moon Door  J. H. Sears \u0026 Co.; N.Y., 1926.","7. Brandt, J.:  Introduction to Literary Chinese  North China Union Language School; Peking, 1927.","8. Weale, B.L. Putnam:  The Vanished Empire  Macmillan \u0026 Co.; London, 1926.","9. Jennu, Delia:  Letter from Peking  Oxford UP; London, 1967.","10. Busheel, Stephen W.:  Chinese [UNK]  V. I Eyre \u0026 Spottiswoode; London, 1909.","11. Smith, Arthur H.:  Chinese Characteristics  3rd ed. Fleming H. Revell Co.; n.y., 1894.","12. Grubb, Norman P.:  C.T.Studd,  Cricketer \u0026 Pioneer  Religious Tract Society; London, 1933.","13. Martin, W.A.P.:  The Siege in Peking  Oliphant Anderson \u0026 Ferrier; Edinburgh, 1900.","14. Lymn, Jermyn Chi-Hung:  Social Life of The Chinese in Peking  China Booksellers; Peking, 1928.","15. Strong, [UNK] [UNK]:  a Sketch of Chinese Cuts \u0026 Crafts  China Bhsellers; Peking, 1926.","The daughter of Dr. Charles Fletcher Johnson and Agnes Elliott Johnson, Ruth Clarke was born on April 2, 1890 in Wei Hsien, Shantung, China where she quickly mastered Mandarin Chinese. She was educated at Miss Jewell's School in Shanghai which was also attended by Miss Pearl Buck. After visiting her Uncle Hosmer Johnson in Washington D.C., Ruth entered and graduated from Wilson College (Chambersburg, Pa.) in 1912. She then returned to Shanghai to accept a teaching position at Miss Jewell's.","In 1916 Ruth Johnson accepted a new position in the Peking American School. It was there that she met J. Eric G. Clarke whom she married on June 21, 1916 in Tsinanfu, Shantung. The Rev. W. P. Chalfant officiated. Kathleen Clarke, Margaret Emma Johnson, Gerald Clarke and Hosmer F. Johnson were members of the wedding party Dating from this ceremony, the couple often signed their combined correspondence Rutheric. Following a brief honeymoon in Tai Shan, the couple returned to Peking where they resided for the next 16 years. During this period Mrs. Clarke made several trips to the United States where she exhibited many of the fabulous Oriental art treasures she had collected throughout her stay in China.","Soon after the couple moved to Shanghai the threat of war between Japan and China became reality. Overnight, internment camps were set up for aliens like the Clarkes. Their homes were occupied by Japanese soldiers as soon as they were evacuated by the local Occupation authorities. From April 10, 1943 until a few weeks following the Japanese surrender to MacArthur on August 14, 1945, the Clarkes were confined at Lung Hwa Camp near Peking.","Among the nearly 1800 interns at Lung Hwa were men and women from all professions and backgrounds. Although spirits were high during the first season at the camp, morale worsened during the winter--food became scarce and poorer in quality and the stoves which the Japanese installed on each floor of the ten dormitories were never lit. The cubicles they occupied were 4`8 by 22' long. Despite the difficult conditions they encountered at the camp, the Clarkes and their fellow inmates managed to maintain a high level of personal development which is reflected in the many activities enjoyed at the camp: lectures, plays, musical productions and many other kinds of intellectual stimulation. One of the most amusing highlights of their stay was the development of a game called Dictionary Please. Because of their limited reading material, the Clarkes designed a game which relied only upon the dictionary they brought with them and their active imaginations. The game was so successful that it became a partial livelihood following their return to America in 1946.","Residing in Portland, Oregon, Mr. and Mrs. Clarke remained active socially and intellectually. Mrs. Clarke served as president of Zonta International and the Lewis and Clarke's Women's League. Mrs. Clarke now resides in Mountain View, California.","Gift of Ruth Elliott Johnson Clarke.","Correspondence, photographs (of China), books and pamphlets about Chinese art, etc.","Property rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. 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Palmer, J.P.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eJade \u003c/emph\u003eSpring Books; London, 1967.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e2. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Encyclopedia Sinica \u003c/emph\u003eCouling, Samuel Kelly \u0026amp; Walsh; Shanghai, 1917.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e3. Thiel, albert W.R.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eChinese Pottery and Stoneware \u003c/emph\u003eThos. nelson \u0026amp; Sons; N.Y., N.D.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e4. Goette, John: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eJade Lore \u003c/emph\u003eKelly \u0026amp; Walsh; Shanghai, 1936.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e5. Forsyth, Robb. Coventry: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eShanting, The Sacred Province of China \u003c/emph\u003eChristian Literature Society; Shanghai, 1912\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e6. Graham, Dorothy: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThrough the moon Door \u003c/emph\u003eJ. H. Sears \u0026amp; Co.; N.Y., 1926.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e7. Brandt, J.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eIntroduction to Literary Chinese \u003c/emph\u003eNorth China Union Language School; Peking, 1927.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e8. Weale, B.L. Putnam: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Vanished Empire \u003c/emph\u003eMacmillan \u0026amp; Co.; London, 1926.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e9. Jennu, Delia: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLetter from Peking \u003c/emph\u003eOxford UP; London, 1967.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e10. Busheel, Stephen W.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eChinese [UNK] \u003c/emph\u003eV. I Eyre \u0026amp; Spottiswoode; London, 1909.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e11. Smith, Arthur H.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eChinese Characteristics \u003c/emph\u003e3rd ed. Fleming H. Revell Co.; n.y., 1894.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e12. Grubb, Norman P.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eC.T.Studd, \u003c/emph\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCricketer \u0026amp; Pioneer \u003c/emph\u003eReligious Tract Society; London, 1933.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e13. Martin, W.A.P.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Siege in Peking \u003c/emph\u003eOliphant Anderson \u0026amp; Ferrier; Edinburgh, 1900.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e14. Lymn, Jermyn Chi-Hung: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSocial Life of The Chinese in Peking \u003c/emph\u003eChina Booksellers; Peking, 1928.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e15. Strong, [UNK] [UNK]: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ea Sketch of Chinese Cuts \u0026amp; Crafts \u003c/emph\u003eChina Bhsellers; Peking, 1926.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Reference Materials"],"bibliography_tesim":["1. Palmer, J.P.:  Jade  Spring Books; London, 1967.","2.  The Encyclopedia Sinica  Couling, Samuel Kelly \u0026 Walsh; Shanghai, 1917.","3. Thiel, albert W.R.:  Chinese Pottery and Stoneware  Thos. nelson \u0026 Sons; N.Y., N.D.","4. Goette, John:  Jade Lore  Kelly \u0026 Walsh; Shanghai, 1936.","5. Forsyth, Robb. Coventry:  Shanting, The Sacred Province of China  Christian Literature Society; Shanghai, 1912","6. Graham, Dorothy:  Through the moon Door  J. H. Sears \u0026 Co.; N.Y., 1926.","7. Brandt, J.:  Introduction to Literary Chinese  North China Union Language School; Peking, 1927.","8. Weale, B.L. Putnam:  The Vanished Empire  Macmillan \u0026 Co.; London, 1926.","9. Jennu, Delia:  Letter from Peking  Oxford UP; London, 1967.","10. Busheel, Stephen W.:  Chinese [UNK]  V. I Eyre \u0026 Spottiswoode; London, 1909.","11. Smith, Arthur H.:  Chinese Characteristics  3rd ed. Fleming H. Revell Co.; n.y., 1894.","12. Grubb, Norman P.:  C.T.Studd,  Cricketer \u0026 Pioneer  Religious Tract Society; London, 1933.","13. Martin, W.A.P.:  The Siege in Peking  Oliphant Anderson \u0026 Ferrier; Edinburgh, 1900.","14. Lymn, Jermyn Chi-Hung:  Social Life of The Chinese in Peking  China Booksellers; Peking, 1928.","15. Strong, [UNK] [UNK]:  a Sketch of Chinese Cuts \u0026 Crafts  China Bhsellers; Peking, 1926."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe daughter of Dr. Charles Fletcher Johnson and Agnes Elliott Johnson, Ruth Clarke was born on April 2, 1890 in Wei Hsien, Shantung, China where she quickly mastered Mandarin Chinese. She was educated at Miss Jewell's School in Shanghai which was also attended by Miss Pearl Buck. After visiting her Uncle Hosmer Johnson in Washington D.C., Ruth entered and graduated from Wilson College (Chambersburg, Pa.) in 1912. She then returned to Shanghai to accept a teaching position at Miss Jewell's.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1916 Ruth Johnson accepted a new position in the Peking American School. It was there that she met J. Eric G. Clarke whom she married on June 21, 1916 in Tsinanfu, Shantung. The Rev. W. P. Chalfant officiated. Kathleen Clarke, Margaret Emma Johnson, Gerald Clarke and Hosmer F. Johnson were members of the wedding party Dating from this ceremony, the couple often signed their combined correspondence Rutheric. Following a brief honeymoon in Tai Shan, the couple returned to Peking where they resided for the next 16 years. During this period Mrs. Clarke made several trips to the United States where she exhibited many of the fabulous Oriental art treasures she had collected throughout her stay in China.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSoon after the couple moved to Shanghai the threat of war between Japan and China became reality. Overnight, internment camps were set up for aliens like the Clarkes. Their homes were occupied by Japanese soldiers as soon as they were evacuated by the local Occupation authorities. From April 10, 1943 until a few weeks following the Japanese surrender to MacArthur on August 14, 1945, the Clarkes were confined at Lung Hwa Camp near Peking.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAmong the nearly 1800 interns at Lung Hwa were men and women from all professions and backgrounds. Although spirits were high during the first season at the camp, morale worsened during the winter--food became scarce and poorer in quality and the stoves which the Japanese installed on each floor of the ten dormitories were never lit. The cubicles they occupied were 4`8 by 22' long. Despite the difficult conditions they encountered at the camp, the Clarkes and their fellow inmates managed to maintain a high level of personal development which is reflected in the many activities enjoyed at the camp: lectures, plays, musical productions and many other kinds of intellectual stimulation. One of the most amusing highlights of their stay was the development of a game called Dictionary Please. Because of their limited reading material, the Clarkes designed a game which relied only upon the dictionary they brought with them and their active imaginations. The game was so successful that it became a partial livelihood following their return to America in 1946.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResiding in Portland, Oregon, Mr. and Mrs. Clarke remained active socially and intellectually. Mrs. Clarke served as president of Zonta International and the Lewis and Clarke's Women's League. Mrs. Clarke now resides in Mountain View, California.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The daughter of Dr. Charles Fletcher Johnson and Agnes Elliott Johnson, Ruth Clarke was born on April 2, 1890 in Wei Hsien, Shantung, China where she quickly mastered Mandarin Chinese. She was educated at Miss Jewell's School in Shanghai which was also attended by Miss Pearl Buck. After visiting her Uncle Hosmer Johnson in Washington D.C., Ruth entered and graduated from Wilson College (Chambersburg, Pa.) in 1912. She then returned to Shanghai to accept a teaching position at Miss Jewell's.","In 1916 Ruth Johnson accepted a new position in the Peking American School. It was there that she met J. Eric G. Clarke whom she married on June 21, 1916 in Tsinanfu, Shantung. The Rev. W. P. Chalfant officiated. Kathleen Clarke, Margaret Emma Johnson, Gerald Clarke and Hosmer F. Johnson were members of the wedding party Dating from this ceremony, the couple often signed their combined correspondence Rutheric. Following a brief honeymoon in Tai Shan, the couple returned to Peking where they resided for the next 16 years. During this period Mrs. Clarke made several trips to the United States where she exhibited many of the fabulous Oriental art treasures she had collected throughout her stay in China.","Soon after the couple moved to Shanghai the threat of war between Japan and China became reality. Overnight, internment camps were set up for aliens like the Clarkes. Their homes were occupied by Japanese soldiers as soon as they were evacuated by the local Occupation authorities. From April 10, 1943 until a few weeks following the Japanese surrender to MacArthur on August 14, 1945, the Clarkes were confined at Lung Hwa Camp near Peking.","Among the nearly 1800 interns at Lung Hwa were men and women from all professions and backgrounds. Although spirits were high during the first season at the camp, morale worsened during the winter--food became scarce and poorer in quality and the stoves which the Japanese installed on each floor of the ten dormitories were never lit. The cubicles they occupied were 4`8 by 22' long. Despite the difficult conditions they encountered at the camp, the Clarkes and their fellow inmates managed to maintain a high level of personal development which is reflected in the many activities enjoyed at the camp: lectures, plays, musical productions and many other kinds of intellectual stimulation. One of the most amusing highlights of their stay was the development of a game called Dictionary Please. Because of their limited reading material, the Clarkes designed a game which relied only upon the dictionary they brought with them and their active imaginations. The game was so successful that it became a partial livelihood following their return to America in 1946.","Residing in Portland, Oregon, Mr. and Mrs. Clarke remained active socially and intellectually. Mrs. Clarke served as president of Zonta International and the Lewis and Clarke's Women's League. Mrs. Clarke now resides in Mountain View, California."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGift of Ruth Elliott Johnson Clarke.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["Gift of Ruth Elliott Johnson Clarke."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item] Clarke Family Papers, M0292, Dept. of Special Collections, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, Calif.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item] Clarke Family Papers, M0292, Dept. of Special Collections, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, Calif."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, photographs (of China), books and pamphlets about Chinese art, etc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Correspondence, photographs (of China), books and pamphlets about Chinese art, etc."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProperty rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication Rights"],"userestrict_tesim":["Property rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections."],"names_ssim":["Department of Special Collections and University Archives","Clarke family"],"corpname_ssim":["Department of Special Collections and University Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Clarke family"],"famname_ssim":["Clarke family"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":348,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"m0292-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:07:35.736Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/m0292-xml_aspace_ref304_zvq"}},{"id":"umich-wcl-G-tind-0083_al_45d2aa77a813297c1146f2c07283ffb21bbd2d8e","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Classrooms \u0026 Schools","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-wcl-G-tind-0083_al_45d2aa77a813297c1146f2c07283ffb21bbd2d8e#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"al_45d2aa77a813297c1146f2c07283ffb21bbd2d8e","ref_ssm":["al_45d2aa77a813297c1146f2c07283ffb21bbd2d8e","al_45d2aa77a813297c1146f2c07283ffb21bbd2d8e"],"id":"umich-wcl-G-tind-0083_al_45d2aa77a813297c1146f2c07283ffb21bbd2d8e","title_filing_ssi":"Classrooms \u0026 Schools","title_ssm":["Classrooms \u0026 Schools"],"title_tesim":["Classrooms \u0026 Schools"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Classrooms \u0026 Schools"],"text":["Classrooms \u0026 Schools","David V. Tinder Collection of Michigan Photography, County File, Wayne County 1865-1985","David V. Tinder collection of Michigan photography, County File, Wayne County, Box 18"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["umich-wcl-G-tind-0083","al_861577492773be1f0736476d4b7b4b098f39ec59"],"parent_ssi":"al_861577492773be1f0736476d4b7b4b098f39ec59","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-wcl-G-tind-0083","umich-wcl-G-tind-0083_al_861577492773be1f0736476d4b7b4b098f39ec59"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["David V. Tinder Collection of Michigan Photography, County File, Wayne County 1865-1985","David V. Tinder collection of Michigan photography, County File, Wayne County, Box 18"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["David V. Tinder Collection of Michigan Photography, County File, Wayne County 1865-1985","David V. Tinder collection of Michigan photography, County File, Wayne County, Box 18"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. William L. 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wagons--Michigan--1890-1910","Casinos--Michigan.","Catholic schools--Michigan.","Cemeteries--Michigan.","Chauffeurs--Michigan.","Chemical industry--Michigan.","Children's costumes--Michigan.","Children's parties--Michigan--1890-1900.","Children--Michigan--Portraits.","Children's choirs--Michigan.","Church buildings--Michigan.","Cigar industry--Michigan.","Circus animals--Michigan.","Circus performers--Michigan.","City councils--Michigan--Hamtramck (Mich.)","City halls--Michigan.","Commercial photography--Michigan.","Concert programs--Michigan.","Confirmation--Catholic Church--Michigan.","Construction workers--Michigan.","Coopers and Cooperage--Michigan.","Couples--Michigan--Portraits.","Creameries--Michigan.","Cross-country runners--Michigan.","Curling--Michigan.","Dairying--Michigan.","Delivery of goods--Michigan.","Diving--Michigan--1890-1900.","Docks--Michigan.","Dredges--Michigan.","Drugstores--Michigan.","Dwellings--Michigan.","Engines--Michigan.","Entertainers--Michigan--1900-1910.","Ethnic costume--Romania.","Ethnic groups--Michigan.","Exhibitions--Michigan--1880-1890.","Explosions--Michigan.","Factories--Employees--Michigan.","Factories--Michigan.","Families--Michigan--Portraits.","Fire fighters--Michigan.","Florists--Michigan.","Flour mills--Michigan.","Flower arrangements--Michigan--1920-1940.","Football players--Michigan--1900-1910.","Fraternal organizations--Michigan","Funeral rites \u0026 ceremonies--Michigan--1910-1930","Gardens--Michigan--1900-1910.","Gas power plants--Michigan.","Graduation (School)","Grocery trade--Michigan.","Hardware stores--Michigan.","Hat trade--Michigan.","High school students--Michigan.","Horse-drawn rail cars--Michigan.","Horse racing--Michigan--1920-1930","Hospitals--Michigan--Detroit.","Hotels--Michigan--1870-1890.","Ice industry--Michigan.","Insurance companies--Michigan.","Inventors--Michigan","Jazz musicians--Michigan","Kitchen utensils--Michigan.","Laboratories--Michigan.","Lakes--Michigan.","Libraries--Michigan--Detroit.","Lighthouses--Michigan.","Locomotives--Michigan.","Luggage industry--Michigan.","Mausoleums--Michigan.","Mechanical musical instruments--Michigan.","Men--Michigan--Portraits.","Men--Societies  and clubs--Michigan.","Metalworking industries--Michigan.","Military bands--Michigan.","Motion pictures--Michigan--1930-1940.","Motorboat racing--Michigan.","Music stores--Michigan.","Musicians--Michigan.","Nightclubs--Michigan.","Nursing schools--Michigan.","Occupational training--Michigan.","Offices--Michigan--1910-1930.","Old age homes--Michigan.","Opticians--Michigan.","Paddle steamers--Michigan.","Parade floats--Michigan.","Parades--Michigan.","Parks--Michigan--Detroit.","Photography--Societies, etc--Michigan.","Picnics--Michigan.","Playgrounds--Michigan.","Police--Michigan--Detroit.","Police stations--Michigan.","Political parades \u0026 rallies--Michigan--1900-1920.","Portraits, group--Michigan.","Postmortem photography--Michigan.","Power-plants--Design and construction--Michigan.","Priests--Michigan.","Prisons--Michigan.","Public architecture--Michigan.","Radio broadcasting--Michigan.","Railroad stations--Michigan.","Railroad tunnels--Design and construction--Michigan.","Railroad tunnels--Michigan.","Railroads--Employees--Michigan.","Railroads--Michigan.","Residential architecture--Michigan.","Restaurants--Michigan--1920-1930.","Sailors--Michigan.","School children--Michigan.","School buildings--Michigan.","School plays--Michigan.","School yearbooks--Michigan.","Ships--Launching--Michigan.","Ships--Michigan.","Shoes--Repairing--Michigan.","Skyscrapers--Michigan--Detroit.","Soccer players--Michigan--1920-1930","Soldiers--Michigan.","Souvenirs (Keepsakes)--Michigan.","Spanish-American War, 1898--Veterans--Michigan.","Stables--Michigan.","Steamboats--Michigan.","Steel foundries--Michigan.","Stove industry and trade--Michigan.","Street lighting--Michigan.","Street-railroads--Michigan.","Streets--Michigan.","Strikes and lockouts--Automobile industry--Michigan.","String bands--Michigan.","Storefronts--Michigan.","Teeth--Radiography--Michigan.","Television programs--Michigan.","Theaters--Michigan--1910-1920.","Threshing machines--Michigan--1900-1910.","Tour buses--Michigan.","Traffic signs \u0026 signals---Michigan--1930-1950","Train ferries--Michigan.","Trucks--Michigan--1920-1940.","Variety stores--Michigan.","Vocational education--Michigan.","Water mills--Michigan.","Water towers--Michigan.","Waterworks--Michigan.","Weddings--Michigan.","Women automobile industry workers--Michigan.","Women field hockey players--Michigan.","Women figure skaters--Michigan.","Women--Employment--Michigan--1910-1940.","Women--Michigan--Portraits.","Women--Societies and clubs--Michigan.","World War 1914-1918--Michigan.","Clippings.","Cyanotypes.","Documents.","Ephemera.","Pamphlets.","Photocopies.","Photographic prints.","Photomechanical prints.","Postage stamps.","The city of Detroit and its vast metropolitan area has dominated the Wayne County area for centuries. Detroit was founded in 1701 as a French settlement with access to the Great Lakes and Canada and quickly became a strategic military post and trade center. It transferred to British control in 1760 during the Seven Years War and to United States governance in 1796. It became a chartered city in 1802, the capitol of the Michigan Territory in 1805, and Michigan’s first State Capital from 1837 to 1847. The city grew with an economy based largely on agriculture and trade in the early 19th century, becoming one of the nation’s prime manufacturing and cultural centers after the Civil War. Large industries based in the region included railroad equipment manufacturing, ship building, iron and steel production, stoves, pharmaceuticals, brewing, wagon making, and many others.","The industrial strength of Detroit created a large middle-class society as well as vast wealth. In turn, this affluence supported cultural advancement, education, and the arts. Commercial photography studios thrived in this environment. Many prize-winning portrait photographers were based in Detroit, as were those specializing in architecture, and the documentation of industry and commerce.","The diversity of industry of late 19th century Detroit gave way to automobile centered growth in the mid-20th century. The boom in wartime production during World War Two attracted workers from around the country and shifted the racial demographics of the city.","The collapse of manufacturing industries, the disappearance of public transportation, and massive population shifts to the suburbs were factors in the decline of Detroit in the mid to late 20th century.","Included in the Wayne County file of the David V. Tinder Collection of Michigan Photography are images of urban Detroit, people in their places of work, at home, at leisure, and participating in social activities and in fraternal and religious organizations. Numerous images show industrial manufacturing, urban transportation, and civic infrastructure. Activities related to entertainment, sports, parades, and the arts are well represented. The many portraits photographs include formal posed images, casual snapshots, workplace groups and fraternal organizations.","A vast majority of the photographs are the work of commercial photographers, with some amateurs. A significant number of photos were taken by Detroit News and Detroit Free Press photographers. Almost all the images present would be considered vernacular photos rather than fine art; however, many are carefully composed with strong aesthetic characteristics.","Although the photos have been largely sorted by subject, related materials may be present outside of the subject categories, i.e., images of transportation can also be found in the categories Architecture, Business and Commerce, Group Portraits, and in other sections outside of Transportation.","The bulk of the photos in this collection were taken in Detroit during the era of rapid population growth and industrial development around the turn of the century. The diversity of industry that appears in the late 19th century images can be seen giving way to automobile centered growth in the mid-20th century. Evidence of the rich residential lifestyles and multi-ethnic cultures of the Detroit area appear in many images.","At the fringe of the collection’s scope are images of the demolition of factories, the disappearance of public transportation, and racial unrest during the decline of Detroit in the mid to late 20th century.","It should be noted that while most of the collection are mounted and unmounted photographic prints, there are a few bound items as well as printed ephemera.","The collection has been organized into various categories by subject. The first group of photos is comprised of those that did not fit neatly under other categories. These include views of military encampments, disasters and firefighting, civic unrest, commercial product promotions, and other miscellaneous topics. Of particular note is a charming outdoor children’s party scene by amateur photographer Robert R. Oesterreich (no. 9); a double portrait montage by Tony Spina of John F. Kennedy and Robert F. Kennedy, both speaking at Campus Martius (no. 14); the high quality photomechanical prints of Detroit scenes and architecture in the  Detroit Illustrated.  (no. 16); and a collection of 28 miscellaneous nightclub souvenir photographs dating from the 1940s-1980s (no. 20). The rest of the material falls under the following categories:","Transportation: 243 photographs. Material is divided between the following sub-categories: Automobiles and Trucks (56 photographs), Aircraft (18 photographs), Railroads and Trains (58 photographs), Streetcars and Trolleys (20 photographs), Roads and Infrastructure (33 photographs), Wagons (20 photographs), Maritime (38 photographs).","Of note are a photograph of an African American couple posed with a new V-8 Ford (no. 71.3); construction photos of the Detroit River railroad tunnel (no. 95); Goebel’s Brewing Co. delivery wagons (no. 98); and a view of the steamboat  Tashmoo  at speed on the Detroit River (no. 110).","Performers: 107 photographs, most of which (113 photographs) are contained in the sub-category Music and Musicians. Of particular note are numerous photos of community brass bands, a photo of John Philip Sousa and his band at Grand Circus Park (no. 122); an image of the inventor Charles Crawford and his patented \"Pickaphone\" mechanism for playing stringed instruments, ca. 1888 (no. 123); and copy prints of two important early jazz bands, Finney’s Orchestra (no. 131) and McKinney’s Cotton Pickers (no. 132).","Portraits: 505 photographs. Material is divided into the following sub-categories: Individuals (172 photographs), Groups (133 photographs), Children (97 photographs), Weddings (64 photographs), Confirmation and Communion (41 photographs). Of particular interest are a photograph of Joan Baxter and her Hot Dog Cooker (no. 137); three 1860's portraits of members of the Hawley family of Detroit (no. 141), one of which is inscribed with enlargement instructions ca.1901 on its verso; and a portrait of politician and founder of the Republican Party Zachariah Chandler, taken by Benjamin Powelson ca. 1880 (no. 142).","Of the many notable images within the Groups category are an outstanding image of sixteen Packard Motor Car Company employees piled onto a 1911 Packard in front of the then new Packard factory on West Grand Blvd. (no. 144.9); a group of African American women engaged in a ceremonial burning of the mortgage of the Phyllis Wheatley Home for Aged Colored Ladies (no. 162); and a portrait of members of the Direct Credits Society, a Great Depression-era wealth redistribution movement founded by Alfred Lawson (no. 166).","Parades: 54 photographs. Many scenes of massive parades in Detroit. Of note is a series of photographs of women marching in a racially-integrated United Spanish War Veterans Parade, ca.1940 (no. 179); and a view of five young women in a florally decorated early automobile (no. 180.11).","Business \u0026 Commerce: 319 photographs. Where possible, material has been divided into the following sub-categories: Business Exteriors (52 photographs), Business Interiors (125 photographs), Construction (22 photographs), Ford Motor Company (19 photographs). Of note is an image of a group of brewers tapping a keg at the Marx Brewing Co. (no. 186.1); Candler Dock \u0026 Dredge Co. workers and surveyors building a dock, taken by the Manning Bros. ca 1920s (no. 192); women rolling cigars at the R.G. Dunn factory, 1909 (no. 204); workers fabricating automobile bodies at the Briggs Manufacturing Co. ca. 1910s (no. 206);interior view of the Burroughs Adding Machine factory (no 209.11); the Penobscot Building construction in three stages ca 1928 (no. 217); and two fold-out panoramic photos of the Ford complex at River Rouge taken by Otto Rotch in 1925 (no. 218).","Views: 86 photographs. Material is divided into Street Views (28 photographs), Residential Views (51 photographs), and Aerial Views (7 photographs).","Architecture: 69 photographs. Of particular note is a charming view of a small inn at Springwells, Mich., the International Exposition House ca. 1889 (no. 235); an 1870's print of the large Russell House Hotel in Detroit (no. 238); and a panoramic view of downtown Detroit at its peak, taken by the Murray Studio in the 1920s (no. 240.18).","Labor \u0026 Unemployment: 8 photographs primarily focused on unemployment during the Great Depression. Of note is a group photo of the striking Journeyman Bakers International Union in 1902 (no. 248).","Athletes \u0026 Athletics: 58 photographs. Of particular note are a copy-print of a 1910 Detroit Tigers team photo featuring Hall of Famer Ty Cobb (no. 261); a series of 3 group photographs of an early soccer team, Michigan Alkali F.C. in 1923 (no. 265); Wyandotte baseball teams (no. 266);. The Slocum’s Island baseball champions of 1882 (no. 272.4); and a 1943 curling team (no. 273).","Classrooms \u0026 Schools: 38 photographs. Of particular interest are a student group in front of a one-room schoolhouse at Cherry Hill in 1934 (no. 280.11); a kindergarten band at Clippert School taken by the Manning Bros. (no. 280.20); and a ca.1936 Lincoln Park High School album with personal snapshots and autographs of classmates (no. 279).","Places of Worship \u0026 Religious Activities: 43 photographs. One of several images related to African American church congregations shows members of an A.M.E. church dressed in \"traditional\" African garb ca.1920-1930 (no. 284).","Parks: 112 photographs. Of particular focus is Belle Isle (approx. 50 photographs) and Waterworks Park. A series of Belle Isle views taken in 1889 by Holcombe \u0026 Metzen is particularly picturesque (no. 297.1-9).","Funerals \u0026 Postmortem Photography: 14 photographs. These photographs date from the 1910s-1930s and are mostly photographs of open caskets surrounded by the deceased's family.","The collection contains photographs of Wayne County, Michigan. Included are numerous urban scenes and images of everyday life, primarily in the Metropolitan Detroit area between 1860 and the mid-20th century. The bulk of the photographs were taken between 1890 and 1930. A very wide range of topics is represented, among them commercial and residential architecture, urban infrastructure, public and private spaces, civic and domestic activities, individual and group portraits, and events from across the social spectrum.","William L. Clements Library , University of Michigan","American Red Cross.","Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine for North America.","BASF Wyandotte Corporation.","Cartercar Co.","Catholic Church--Clergy--Michigan.","Detroit College of Medicine.","Detroit Institute of Arts.","Detroit Museum of Art.","Detroit Opera House.","Detroit Red Wings (Hockey team)","Detroit Symphony Orchestra.","Detroit, Toledo and Ironton Railroad.","Dodge Brothers.","Ford Motor Company.","Ford Motor Company--Employees.","Ford Motor Company. Rouge River Plant.","Ford Rotunda (Dearborn, Mich.)","General Motors Corporation.","Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village.","Hudson's (Department store)","International Union, United Automobile Workers of America (CIO)","Journeymen Bakers National Union of the United States.","Knights of Pythias.","Knights Templar (Masonic order)","Michigan Central Railroad Company.","Michigan. National Guard.","Michigan Stove Company.","Tiger Stadium (Detroit, Mich.)","United States. Army--Recruiting, enlistment, etc.--Michigan.","United States. Army. Reserve Officers' Training Corps.","YMCA of the USA.","Young Women's Christian Association.","Agdan Photographic.","Alliance Commercial Photo Co.","Alvord \u0026 Co.","American Commercial Photo Co.","Arthur Studio.","Babas Studio.","Baker Art Studio.","Baker Studio.","Ballaun Studio.","Bonish Studio.","Brown \u0026 Co.","Charles Hopp \u0026 Co.","Club Photos Inc.","Commercial Photo Service Co.","Cousins Art Studio.","Davison Photo Studio.","Deluxe Theatrical Studio.","Detroit Edison Co.","Detroit News Staff.","Fotografia Italiana (G. Lanni \u0026 Co.)","General Motors Photographic Section.","Harbican Studio.","Hoffman Studio.","Holcombe \u0026 Metzen.","Holgate Studio.","Huntington \u0026 Clark.","Litynski-Jakubowski Co.","MacGregor and Company.","Manning Bros.","Metropolitan Art Studio.","Modernistic Photo Studio.","New Chene Studio.","P. Pieronek Studio.","Rembrandt Studios.","Rentschler's Studio.","Smart Set Studio.","Smith Brothers Commerical Photographers.","Spencer \u0026 Wyckoff.","Spooner \u0026 Wells, Inc.","Tiffany Photographic Studio.","Ziawinski Bros.","Tinder, David V.","Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885--Homes and haunts.","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963.","Kennedy, Robert F., 1925-1968.","Robeson, Paul, 1898-1976.","Sousa, John Philip, 1854-1932.","Arthur, Edward J.","Baker, Chas. R.","Ball, Lyman L.","Baron, Herman.","Blanchard, Issac H.","Bleibel, Gustav.","Bowles, Esther A., Mrs.","Burose, Herman.","Cheff, Edmund Archael.","Craine, Benjamin H.","Hayes, Clarence Messenger.","Hediger, James D.","Hillmer, Davis B.","Hoffman, Clarence L.","Howie, George William.","Hughes, John Wesley.","Jackson, Harvey C.","James, Langford P.","Jones, J. F.","Lazarnick, Nathan.","Litynski, Walter E.","Mazur, Anthony","McMichael, A.G.","Merz, Charles J.","Mirecki, Albert J.","Phelps, C.A. (New Castle, IN)","Pipp, Frank H.","Poli, Faustino G.","Pollard, C.H.","Rentschler, Andrew.","Rochowiak, Stanley A.","Rotch, Otto.","Salter, Al.","Sowinski, Joseph.","Spellman, Delmar Driscoe.","Stone, Frank H.","Tomlinson, Frank N.","Wiederhold, John A.","Wright, Fred G.","Ziawinski, Felix.","Ziawinski, Joseph.","The material is in  English ."],"unitid_tesim":["wclgrfx000200"],"normalized_title_ssm":["David V. Tinder Collection of Michigan Photography, County File, Wayne County 1865-1985"],"collection_title_tesim":["David V. Tinder Collection of Michigan Photography, County File, Wayne County 1865-1985"],"collection_ssim":["David V. Tinder Collection of Michigan Photography, County File, Wayne County 1865-1985"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. William L. Clements Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. William L. Clements Library"],"creator_ssm":["Tinder, David V."],"creator_ssim":["Tinder, David V."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Tinder, David V."],"creators_ssim":["Tinder, David V."],"acqinfo_ssim":["F-832, F-860, F-861, F-891, F-892, F-893, F-898, F-909, F-911, F-914, F-922, F-938, F-940, F-945, F-961, F-980, F-987, F-1004, F-1005, F-1014,  F-1017, F-1027, F-1028, F-1033, F-1054, F-1066, F-1067, F-1074, F-1076, F-1077, F-1113, F-1114 ."],"access_subjects_ssim":["David V. Tinder Collection of Michigan Photography.","Photographs shelf.","Actors--Michigan--1900-1910.","Actresses--Michigan--1890-1910.","African American businesspeople--Michigan.","African American children--Portraits--Michigan.","African American choirs--Michigan.","African American churches--Michigan.","African American freemasons--Michigan.","African American judges--Michigan.","African American musicians--Michigan.","African Americans--Societies, etc.--Michigan.","African American students--Michigan.","African American Sunday schools--Michigan.","Agricultural laborers--Michigan.","Airports--Michigan.","Aircraft--Michigan--1930-1940.","Aircraft industry--Michigan.","Air shows--Michigan.","Amateur theater--Michigan.","Amusement parks--Michigan.","Animals on television--Michigan.","Asbestos--Michigan.","Automobile factories--Michigan.","Automobile industry workers--Michigan.","Automobile rallies--Michigan.","Automobiles--Michigan.","Automobiles--Design and construction--Michigan.","Balls (Parties)--Michigan--1910-1920.","Bands (Music)--Michigan.","Banquets--Michigan--1920-1930.","Barbers--Michigan.","Barbershops--Michigan--1910-1920.","Bar mitzvah--Michigan.","Bars (Drinking establishments)--Michigan.","Baseball players--Michigan.","Basketball courts--Michigan.","Basketball players--Michigan.","Beauty shops--Michigan.","Beekeepers--Michigan.","Bicycles \u0026 tricycles--Michigan--1890-1930.","Bicycle stores--Michigan.","Blacksmiths--Michigan.","Blizzards--Michigan.","Boats and boating--Michigan.","Boycotts--Michigan.","Breweries--Michigan.","Breweries--Employees--Michigan.","Brick trade--Michigan.","Bridges--Michigan--Detroit.","Broom and brush industry--Michigan.","Building construction--Michigan--1910-1930.","Buses--Michigan--1930-1940.","Business organizations--Michigan.","Business Schools--Michigan.","Button industry--Michigan.","Cafeterias--Michigan.","Camping--Michigan.","Canoes and canoeing--Michigan.","Carts \u0026 wagons--Michigan--1890-1910","Casinos--Michigan.","Catholic schools--Michigan.","Cemeteries--Michigan.","Chauffeurs--Michigan.","Chemical industry--Michigan.","Children's costumes--Michigan.","Children's parties--Michigan--1890-1900.","Children--Michigan--Portraits.","Children's choirs--Michigan.","Church buildings--Michigan.","Cigar industry--Michigan.","Circus animals--Michigan.","Circus performers--Michigan.","City councils--Michigan--Hamtramck (Mich.)","City halls--Michigan.","Commercial photography--Michigan.","Concert programs--Michigan.","Confirmation--Catholic Church--Michigan.","Construction workers--Michigan.","Coopers and Cooperage--Michigan.","Couples--Michigan--Portraits.","Creameries--Michigan.","Cross-country runners--Michigan.","Curling--Michigan.","Dairying--Michigan.","Delivery of goods--Michigan.","Diving--Michigan--1890-1900.","Docks--Michigan.","Dredges--Michigan.","Drugstores--Michigan.","Dwellings--Michigan.","Engines--Michigan.","Entertainers--Michigan--1900-1910.","Ethnic costume--Romania.","Ethnic groups--Michigan.","Exhibitions--Michigan--1880-1890.","Explosions--Michigan.","Factories--Employees--Michigan.","Factories--Michigan.","Families--Michigan--Portraits.","Fire fighters--Michigan.","Florists--Michigan.","Flour mills--Michigan.","Flower arrangements--Michigan--1920-1940.","Football players--Michigan--1900-1910.","Fraternal organizations--Michigan","Funeral rites \u0026 ceremonies--Michigan--1910-1930","Gardens--Michigan--1900-1910.","Gas power plants--Michigan.","Graduation (School)","Grocery trade--Michigan.","Hardware stores--Michigan.","Hat trade--Michigan.","High school students--Michigan.","Horse-drawn rail cars--Michigan.","Horse racing--Michigan--1920-1930","Hospitals--Michigan--Detroit.","Hotels--Michigan--1870-1890.","Ice industry--Michigan.","Insurance companies--Michigan.","Inventors--Michigan","Jazz musicians--Michigan","Kitchen utensils--Michigan.","Laboratories--Michigan.","Lakes--Michigan.","Libraries--Michigan--Detroit.","Lighthouses--Michigan.","Locomotives--Michigan.","Luggage industry--Michigan.","Mausoleums--Michigan.","Mechanical musical instruments--Michigan.","Men--Michigan--Portraits.","Men--Societies  and clubs--Michigan.","Metalworking industries--Michigan.","Military bands--Michigan.","Motion pictures--Michigan--1930-1940.","Motorboat racing--Michigan.","Music stores--Michigan.","Musicians--Michigan.","Nightclubs--Michigan.","Nursing schools--Michigan.","Occupational training--Michigan.","Offices--Michigan--1910-1930.","Old age homes--Michigan.","Opticians--Michigan.","Paddle steamers--Michigan.","Parade floats--Michigan.","Parades--Michigan.","Parks--Michigan--Detroit.","Photography--Societies, etc--Michigan.","Picnics--Michigan.","Playgrounds--Michigan.","Police--Michigan--Detroit.","Police stations--Michigan.","Political parades \u0026 rallies--Michigan--1900-1920.","Portraits, group--Michigan.","Postmortem photography--Michigan.","Power-plants--Design and construction--Michigan.","Priests--Michigan.","Prisons--Michigan.","Public architecture--Michigan.","Radio broadcasting--Michigan.","Railroad stations--Michigan.","Railroad tunnels--Design and construction--Michigan.","Railroad tunnels--Michigan.","Railroads--Employees--Michigan.","Railroads--Michigan.","Residential architecture--Michigan.","Restaurants--Michigan--1920-1930.","Sailors--Michigan.","School children--Michigan.","School buildings--Michigan.","School plays--Michigan.","School yearbooks--Michigan.","Ships--Launching--Michigan.","Ships--Michigan.","Shoes--Repairing--Michigan.","Skyscrapers--Michigan--Detroit.","Soccer players--Michigan--1920-1930","Soldiers--Michigan.","Souvenirs (Keepsakes)--Michigan.","Spanish-American War, 1898--Veterans--Michigan.","Stables--Michigan.","Steamboats--Michigan.","Steel foundries--Michigan.","Stove industry and trade--Michigan.","Street lighting--Michigan.","Street-railroads--Michigan.","Streets--Michigan.","Strikes and lockouts--Automobile industry--Michigan.","String bands--Michigan.","Storefronts--Michigan.","Teeth--Radiography--Michigan.","Television programs--Michigan.","Theaters--Michigan--1910-1920.","Threshing machines--Michigan--1900-1910.","Tour buses--Michigan.","Traffic signs \u0026 signals---Michigan--1930-1950","Train ferries--Michigan.","Trucks--Michigan--1920-1940.","Variety stores--Michigan.","Vocational education--Michigan.","Water mills--Michigan.","Water towers--Michigan.","Waterworks--Michigan.","Weddings--Michigan.","Women automobile industry workers--Michigan.","Women field hockey players--Michigan.","Women figure skaters--Michigan.","Women--Employment--Michigan--1910-1940.","Women--Michigan--Portraits.","Women--Societies and clubs--Michigan.","World War 1914-1918--Michigan.","Clippings.","Cyanotypes.","Documents.","Ephemera.","Pamphlets.","Photocopies.","Photographic prints.","Photomechanical prints.","Postage stamps."],"access_subjects_ssm":["David V. Tinder Collection of Michigan Photography.","Photographs shelf.","Actors--Michigan--1900-1910.","Actresses--Michigan--1890-1910.","African American businesspeople--Michigan.","African American children--Portraits--Michigan.","African American choirs--Michigan.","African American churches--Michigan.","African American freemasons--Michigan.","African American judges--Michigan.","African American musicians--Michigan.","African Americans--Societies, etc.--Michigan.","African American students--Michigan.","African American Sunday schools--Michigan.","Agricultural laborers--Michigan.","Airports--Michigan.","Aircraft--Michigan--1930-1940.","Aircraft industry--Michigan.","Air shows--Michigan.","Amateur theater--Michigan.","Amusement parks--Michigan.","Animals on television--Michigan.","Asbestos--Michigan.","Automobile factories--Michigan.","Automobile industry workers--Michigan.","Automobile rallies--Michigan.","Automobiles--Michigan.","Automobiles--Design and construction--Michigan.","Balls (Parties)--Michigan--1910-1920.","Bands (Music)--Michigan.","Banquets--Michigan--1920-1930.","Barbers--Michigan.","Barbershops--Michigan--1910-1920.","Bar mitzvah--Michigan.","Bars (Drinking establishments)--Michigan.","Baseball players--Michigan.","Basketball courts--Michigan.","Basketball players--Michigan.","Beauty shops--Michigan.","Beekeepers--Michigan.","Bicycles \u0026 tricycles--Michigan--1890-1930.","Bicycle stores--Michigan.","Blacksmiths--Michigan.","Blizzards--Michigan.","Boats and boating--Michigan.","Boycotts--Michigan.","Breweries--Michigan.","Breweries--Employees--Michigan.","Brick trade--Michigan.","Bridges--Michigan--Detroit.","Broom and brush industry--Michigan.","Building construction--Michigan--1910-1930.","Buses--Michigan--1930-1940.","Business organizations--Michigan.","Business Schools--Michigan.","Button industry--Michigan.","Cafeterias--Michigan.","Camping--Michigan.","Canoes and canoeing--Michigan.","Carts \u0026 wagons--Michigan--1890-1910","Casinos--Michigan.","Catholic schools--Michigan.","Cemeteries--Michigan.","Chauffeurs--Michigan.","Chemical industry--Michigan.","Children's costumes--Michigan.","Children's parties--Michigan--1890-1900.","Children--Michigan--Portraits.","Children's choirs--Michigan.","Church buildings--Michigan.","Cigar industry--Michigan.","Circus animals--Michigan.","Circus performers--Michigan.","City councils--Michigan--Hamtramck (Mich.)","City halls--Michigan.","Commercial photography--Michigan.","Concert programs--Michigan.","Confirmation--Catholic Church--Michigan.","Construction workers--Michigan.","Coopers and Cooperage--Michigan.","Couples--Michigan--Portraits.","Creameries--Michigan.","Cross-country runners--Michigan.","Curling--Michigan.","Dairying--Michigan.","Delivery of goods--Michigan.","Diving--Michigan--1890-1900.","Docks--Michigan.","Dredges--Michigan.","Drugstores--Michigan.","Dwellings--Michigan.","Engines--Michigan.","Entertainers--Michigan--1900-1910.","Ethnic costume--Romania.","Ethnic groups--Michigan.","Exhibitions--Michigan--1880-1890.","Explosions--Michigan.","Factories--Employees--Michigan.","Factories--Michigan.","Families--Michigan--Portraits.","Fire fighters--Michigan.","Florists--Michigan.","Flour mills--Michigan.","Flower arrangements--Michigan--1920-1940.","Football players--Michigan--1900-1910.","Fraternal organizations--Michigan","Funeral rites \u0026 ceremonies--Michigan--1910-1930","Gardens--Michigan--1900-1910.","Gas power plants--Michigan.","Graduation (School)","Grocery trade--Michigan.","Hardware stores--Michigan.","Hat trade--Michigan.","High school students--Michigan.","Horse-drawn rail cars--Michigan.","Horse racing--Michigan--1920-1930","Hospitals--Michigan--Detroit.","Hotels--Michigan--1870-1890.","Ice industry--Michigan.","Insurance companies--Michigan.","Inventors--Michigan","Jazz musicians--Michigan","Kitchen utensils--Michigan.","Laboratories--Michigan.","Lakes--Michigan.","Libraries--Michigan--Detroit.","Lighthouses--Michigan.","Locomotives--Michigan.","Luggage industry--Michigan.","Mausoleums--Michigan.","Mechanical musical instruments--Michigan.","Men--Michigan--Portraits.","Men--Societies  and clubs--Michigan.","Metalworking industries--Michigan.","Military bands--Michigan.","Motion pictures--Michigan--1930-1940.","Motorboat racing--Michigan.","Music stores--Michigan.","Musicians--Michigan.","Nightclubs--Michigan.","Nursing schools--Michigan.","Occupational training--Michigan.","Offices--Michigan--1910-1930.","Old age homes--Michigan.","Opticians--Michigan.","Paddle steamers--Michigan.","Parade floats--Michigan.","Parades--Michigan.","Parks--Michigan--Detroit.","Photography--Societies, etc--Michigan.","Picnics--Michigan.","Playgrounds--Michigan.","Police--Michigan--Detroit.","Police stations--Michigan.","Political parades \u0026 rallies--Michigan--1900-1920.","Portraits, group--Michigan.","Postmortem photography--Michigan.","Power-plants--Design and construction--Michigan.","Priests--Michigan.","Prisons--Michigan.","Public architecture--Michigan.","Radio broadcasting--Michigan.","Railroad stations--Michigan.","Railroad tunnels--Design and construction--Michigan.","Railroad tunnels--Michigan.","Railroads--Employees--Michigan.","Railroads--Michigan.","Residential architecture--Michigan.","Restaurants--Michigan--1920-1930.","Sailors--Michigan.","School children--Michigan.","School buildings--Michigan.","School plays--Michigan.","School yearbooks--Michigan.","Ships--Launching--Michigan.","Ships--Michigan.","Shoes--Repairing--Michigan.","Skyscrapers--Michigan--Detroit.","Soccer players--Michigan--1920-1930","Soldiers--Michigan.","Souvenirs (Keepsakes)--Michigan.","Spanish-American War, 1898--Veterans--Michigan.","Stables--Michigan.","Steamboats--Michigan.","Steel foundries--Michigan.","Stove industry and trade--Michigan.","Street lighting--Michigan.","Street-railroads--Michigan.","Streets--Michigan.","Strikes and lockouts--Automobile industry--Michigan.","String bands--Michigan.","Storefronts--Michigan.","Teeth--Radiography--Michigan.","Television programs--Michigan.","Theaters--Michigan--1910-1920.","Threshing machines--Michigan--1900-1910.","Tour buses--Michigan.","Traffic signs \u0026 signals---Michigan--1930-1950","Train ferries--Michigan.","Trucks--Michigan--1920-1940.","Variety stores--Michigan.","Vocational education--Michigan.","Water mills--Michigan.","Water towers--Michigan.","Waterworks--Michigan.","Weddings--Michigan.","Women automobile industry workers--Michigan.","Women field hockey players--Michigan.","Women figure skaters--Michigan.","Women--Employment--Michigan--1910-1940.","Women--Michigan--Portraits.","Women--Societies and clubs--Michigan.","World War 1914-1918--Michigan.","Clippings.","Cyanotypes.","Documents.","Ephemera.","Pamphlets.","Photocopies.","Photographic prints.","Photomechanical prints.","Postage stamps."],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["1,937 photographs, 16 real photo stamps, 6 booklets, 101 pages, clippings and ephemera"],"extent_tesim":["1,937 photographs, 16 real photo stamps, 6 booklets, 101 pages, clippings and ephemera"],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe city of Detroit and its vast metropolitan area has dominated the Wayne County area for centuries. Detroit was founded in 1701 as a French settlement with access to the Great Lakes and Canada and quickly became a strategic military post and trade center. It transferred to British control in 1760 during the Seven Years War and to United States governance in 1796. It became a chartered city in 1802, the capitol of the Michigan Territory in 1805, and Michigan’s first State Capital from 1837 to 1847. The city grew with an economy based largely on agriculture and trade in the early 19th century, becoming one of the nation’s prime manufacturing and cultural centers after the Civil War. Large industries based in the region included railroad equipment manufacturing, ship building, iron and steel production, stoves, pharmaceuticals, brewing, wagon making, and many others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe industrial strength of Detroit created a large middle-class society as well as vast wealth. In turn, this affluence supported cultural advancement, education, and the arts. Commercial photography studios thrived in this environment. Many prize-winning portrait photographers were based in Detroit, as were those specializing in architecture, and the documentation of industry and commerce.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe diversity of industry of late 19th century Detroit gave way to automobile centered growth in the mid-20th century. The boom in wartime production during World War Two attracted workers from around the country and shifted the racial demographics of the city.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collapse of manufacturing industries, the disappearance of public transportation, and massive population shifts to the suburbs were factors in the decline of Detroit in the mid to late 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["History"],"bioghist_tesim":["The city of Detroit and its vast metropolitan area has dominated the Wayne County area for centuries. Detroit was founded in 1701 as a French settlement with access to the Great Lakes and Canada and quickly became a strategic military post and trade center. It transferred to British control in 1760 during the Seven Years War and to United States governance in 1796. It became a chartered city in 1802, the capitol of the Michigan Territory in 1805, and Michigan’s first State Capital from 1837 to 1847. The city grew with an economy based largely on agriculture and trade in the early 19th century, becoming one of the nation’s prime manufacturing and cultural centers after the Civil War. Large industries based in the region included railroad equipment manufacturing, ship building, iron and steel production, stoves, pharmaceuticals, brewing, wagon making, and many others.","The industrial strength of Detroit created a large middle-class society as well as vast wealth. In turn, this affluence supported cultural advancement, education, and the arts. Commercial photography studios thrived in this environment. Many prize-winning portrait photographers were based in Detroit, as were those specializing in architecture, and the documentation of industry and commerce.","The diversity of industry of late 19th century Detroit gave way to automobile centered growth in the mid-20th century. The boom in wartime production during World War Two attracted workers from around the country and shifted the racial demographics of the city.","The collapse of manufacturing industries, the disappearance of public transportation, and massive population shifts to the suburbs were factors in the decline of Detroit in the mid to late 20th century."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIncluded in the Wayne County file of the David V. Tinder Collection of Michigan Photography are images of urban Detroit, people in their places of work, at home, at leisure, and participating in social activities and in fraternal and religious organizations. Numerous images show industrial manufacturing, urban transportation, and civic infrastructure. Activities related to entertainment, sports, parades, and the arts are well represented. The many portraits photographs include formal posed images, casual snapshots, workplace groups and fraternal organizations.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA vast majority of the photographs are the work of commercial photographers, with some amateurs. A significant number of photos were taken by Detroit News and Detroit Free Press photographers. Almost all the images present would be considered vernacular photos rather than fine art; however, many are carefully composed with strong aesthetic characteristics.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAlthough the photos have been largely sorted by subject, related materials may be present outside of the subject categories, i.e., images of transportation can also be found in the categories Architecture, Business and Commerce, Group Portraits, and in other sections outside of Transportation.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe bulk of the photos in this collection were taken in Detroit during the era of rapid population growth and industrial development around the turn of the century. The diversity of industry that appears in the late 19th century images can be seen giving way to automobile centered growth in the mid-20th century. Evidence of the rich residential lifestyles and multi-ethnic cultures of the Detroit area appear in many images.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAt the fringe of the collection’s scope are images of the demolition of factories, the disappearance of public transportation, and racial unrest during the decline of Detroit in the mid to late 20th century.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIt should be noted that while most of the collection are mounted and unmounted photographic prints, there are a few bound items as well as printed ephemera.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been organized into various categories by subject. The first group of photos is comprised of those that did not fit neatly under other categories. These include views of military encampments, disasters and firefighting, civic unrest, commercial product promotions, and other miscellaneous topics. Of particular note is a charming outdoor children’s party scene by amateur photographer Robert R. Oesterreich (no. 9); a double portrait montage by Tony Spina of John F. Kennedy and Robert F. Kennedy, both speaking at Campus Martius (no. 14); the high quality photomechanical prints of Detroit scenes and architecture in the \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eDetroit Illustrated.\u003c/emph\u003e (no. 16); and a collection of 28 miscellaneous nightclub souvenir photographs dating from the 1940s-1980s (no. 20). The rest of the material falls under the following categories:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eTransportation:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e243 photographs. Material is divided between the following sub-categories: Automobiles and Trucks (56 photographs), Aircraft (18 photographs), Railroads and Trains (58 photographs), Streetcars and Trolleys (20 photographs), Roads and Infrastructure (33 photographs), Wagons (20 photographs), Maritime (38 photographs).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf note are a photograph of an African American couple posed with a new V-8 Ford (no. 71.3); construction photos of the Detroit River railroad tunnel (no. 95); Goebel’s Brewing Co. delivery wagons (no. 98); and a view of the steamboat \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eTashmoo\u003c/emph\u003e at speed on the Detroit River (no. 110).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003ePerformers:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e107 photographs, most of which (113 photographs) are contained in the sub-category Music and Musicians. Of particular note are numerous photos of community brass bands, a photo of John Philip Sousa and his band at Grand Circus Park (no. 122); an image of the inventor Charles Crawford and his patented \"Pickaphone\" mechanism for playing stringed instruments, ca. 1888 (no. 123); and copy prints of two important early jazz bands, Finney’s Orchestra (no. 131) and McKinney’s Cotton Pickers (no. 132).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003ePortraits:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e505 photographs. Material is divided into the following sub-categories: Individuals (172 photographs), Groups (133 photographs), Children (97 photographs), Weddings (64 photographs), Confirmation and Communion (41 photographs). Of particular interest are a photograph of Joan Baxter and her Hot Dog Cooker (no. 137); three 1860's portraits of members of the Hawley family of Detroit (no. 141), one of which is inscribed with enlargement instructions ca.1901 on its verso; and a portrait of politician and founder of the Republican Party Zachariah Chandler, taken by Benjamin Powelson ca. 1880 (no. 142).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf the many notable images within the Groups category are an outstanding image of sixteen Packard Motor Car Company employees piled onto a 1911 Packard in front of the then new Packard factory on West Grand Blvd. (no. 144.9); a group of African American women engaged in a ceremonial burning of the mortgage of the Phyllis Wheatley Home for Aged Colored Ladies (no. 162); and a portrait of members of the Direct Credits Society, a Great Depression-era wealth redistribution movement founded by Alfred Lawson (no. 166).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eParades:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e54 photographs. Many scenes of massive parades in Detroit. Of note is a series of photographs of women marching in a racially-integrated United Spanish War Veterans Parade, ca.1940 (no. 179); and a view of five young women in a florally decorated early automobile (no. 180.11).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eBusiness \u0026amp; Commerce:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e319 photographs. Where possible, material has been divided into the following sub-categories: Business Exteriors (52 photographs), Business Interiors (125 photographs), Construction (22 photographs), Ford Motor Company (19 photographs). Of note is an image of a group of brewers tapping a keg at the Marx Brewing Co. (no. 186.1); Candler Dock \u0026amp; Dredge Co. workers and surveyors building a dock, taken by the Manning Bros. ca 1920s (no. 192); women rolling cigars at the R.G. Dunn factory, 1909 (no. 204); workers fabricating automobile bodies at the Briggs Manufacturing Co. ca. 1910s (no. 206);interior view of the Burroughs Adding Machine factory (no 209.11); the Penobscot Building construction in three stages ca 1928 (no. 217); and two fold-out panoramic photos of the Ford complex at River Rouge taken by Otto Rotch in 1925 (no. 218).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eViews:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e86 photographs. Material is divided into Street Views (28 photographs), Residential Views (51 photographs), and Aerial Views (7 photographs).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eArchitecture:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e69 photographs. Of particular note is a charming view of a small inn at Springwells, Mich., the International Exposition House ca. 1889 (no. 235); an 1870's print of the large Russell House Hotel in Detroit (no. 238); and a panoramic view of downtown Detroit at its peak, taken by the Murray Studio in the 1920s (no. 240.18).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eLabor \u0026amp; Unemployment:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e8 photographs primarily focused on unemployment during the Great Depression. Of note is a group photo of the striking Journeyman Bakers International Union in 1902 (no. 248).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eAthletes \u0026amp; Athletics:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e58 photographs. Of particular note are a copy-print of a 1910 Detroit Tigers team photo featuring Hall of Famer Ty Cobb (no. 261); a series of 3 group photographs of an early soccer team, Michigan Alkali F.C. in 1923 (no. 265); Wyandotte baseball teams (no. 266);. The Slocum’s Island baseball champions of 1882 (no. 272.4); and a 1943 curling team (no. 273).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eClassrooms \u0026amp; Schools:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e38 photographs. Of particular interest are a student group in front of a one-room schoolhouse at Cherry Hill in 1934 (no. 280.11); a kindergarten band at Clippert School taken by the Manning Bros. (no. 280.20); and a ca.1936 Lincoln Park High School album with personal snapshots and autographs of classmates (no. 279).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003ePlaces of Worship \u0026amp; Religious Activities:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e43 photographs. One of several images related to African American church congregations shows members of an A.M.E. church dressed in \"traditional\" African garb ca.1920-1930 (no. 284).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eParks:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e112 photographs. Of particular focus is Belle Isle (approx. 50 photographs) and Waterworks Park. A series of Belle Isle views taken in 1889 by Holcombe \u0026amp; Metzen is particularly picturesque (no. 297.1-9).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eFunerals \u0026amp; Postmortem Photography:\u003c/emph\u003e\u003clb\u003e\u003c/lb\u003e14 photographs. These photographs date from the 1910s-1930s and are mostly photographs of open caskets surrounded by the deceased's family.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Included in the Wayne County file of the David V. Tinder Collection of Michigan Photography are images of urban Detroit, people in their places of work, at home, at leisure, and participating in social activities and in fraternal and religious organizations. Numerous images show industrial manufacturing, urban transportation, and civic infrastructure. Activities related to entertainment, sports, parades, and the arts are well represented. The many portraits photographs include formal posed images, casual snapshots, workplace groups and fraternal organizations.","A vast majority of the photographs are the work of commercial photographers, with some amateurs. A significant number of photos were taken by Detroit News and Detroit Free Press photographers. Almost all the images present would be considered vernacular photos rather than fine art; however, many are carefully composed with strong aesthetic characteristics.","Although the photos have been largely sorted by subject, related materials may be present outside of the subject categories, i.e., images of transportation can also be found in the categories Architecture, Business and Commerce, Group Portraits, and in other sections outside of Transportation.","The bulk of the photos in this collection were taken in Detroit during the era of rapid population growth and industrial development around the turn of the century. The diversity of industry that appears in the late 19th century images can be seen giving way to automobile centered growth in the mid-20th century. Evidence of the rich residential lifestyles and multi-ethnic cultures of the Detroit area appear in many images.","At the fringe of the collection’s scope are images of the demolition of factories, the disappearance of public transportation, and racial unrest during the decline of Detroit in the mid to late 20th century.","It should be noted that while most of the collection are mounted and unmounted photographic prints, there are a few bound items as well as printed ephemera.","The collection has been organized into various categories by subject. The first group of photos is comprised of those that did not fit neatly under other categories. These include views of military encampments, disasters and firefighting, civic unrest, commercial product promotions, and other miscellaneous topics. Of particular note is a charming outdoor children’s party scene by amateur photographer Robert R. Oesterreich (no. 9); a double portrait montage by Tony Spina of John F. Kennedy and Robert F. Kennedy, both speaking at Campus Martius (no. 14); the high quality photomechanical prints of Detroit scenes and architecture in the  Detroit Illustrated.  (no. 16); and a collection of 28 miscellaneous nightclub souvenir photographs dating from the 1940s-1980s (no. 20). The rest of the material falls under the following categories:","Transportation: 243 photographs. Material is divided between the following sub-categories: Automobiles and Trucks (56 photographs), Aircraft (18 photographs), Railroads and Trains (58 photographs), Streetcars and Trolleys (20 photographs), Roads and Infrastructure (33 photographs), Wagons (20 photographs), Maritime (38 photographs).","Of note are a photograph of an African American couple posed with a new V-8 Ford (no. 71.3); construction photos of the Detroit River railroad tunnel (no. 95); Goebel’s Brewing Co. delivery wagons (no. 98); and a view of the steamboat  Tashmoo  at speed on the Detroit River (no. 110).","Performers: 107 photographs, most of which (113 photographs) are contained in the sub-category Music and Musicians. Of particular note are numerous photos of community brass bands, a photo of John Philip Sousa and his band at Grand Circus Park (no. 122); an image of the inventor Charles Crawford and his patented \"Pickaphone\" mechanism for playing stringed instruments, ca. 1888 (no. 123); and copy prints of two important early jazz bands, Finney’s Orchestra (no. 131) and McKinney’s Cotton Pickers (no. 132).","Portraits: 505 photographs. Material is divided into the following sub-categories: Individuals (172 photographs), Groups (133 photographs), Children (97 photographs), Weddings (64 photographs), Confirmation and Communion (41 photographs). Of particular interest are a photograph of Joan Baxter and her Hot Dog Cooker (no. 137); three 1860's portraits of members of the Hawley family of Detroit (no. 141), one of which is inscribed with enlargement instructions ca.1901 on its verso; and a portrait of politician and founder of the Republican Party Zachariah Chandler, taken by Benjamin Powelson ca. 1880 (no. 142).","Of the many notable images within the Groups category are an outstanding image of sixteen Packard Motor Car Company employees piled onto a 1911 Packard in front of the then new Packard factory on West Grand Blvd. (no. 144.9); a group of African American women engaged in a ceremonial burning of the mortgage of the Phyllis Wheatley Home for Aged Colored Ladies (no. 162); and a portrait of members of the Direct Credits Society, a Great Depression-era wealth redistribution movement founded by Alfred Lawson (no. 166).","Parades: 54 photographs. Many scenes of massive parades in Detroit. Of note is a series of photographs of women marching in a racially-integrated United Spanish War Veterans Parade, ca.1940 (no. 179); and a view of five young women in a florally decorated early automobile (no. 180.11).","Business \u0026 Commerce: 319 photographs. Where possible, material has been divided into the following sub-categories: Business Exteriors (52 photographs), Business Interiors (125 photographs), Construction (22 photographs), Ford Motor Company (19 photographs). Of note is an image of a group of brewers tapping a keg at the Marx Brewing Co. (no. 186.1); Candler Dock \u0026 Dredge Co. workers and surveyors building a dock, taken by the Manning Bros. ca 1920s (no. 192); women rolling cigars at the R.G. Dunn factory, 1909 (no. 204); workers fabricating automobile bodies at the Briggs Manufacturing Co. ca. 1910s (no. 206);interior view of the Burroughs Adding Machine factory (no 209.11); the Penobscot Building construction in three stages ca 1928 (no. 217); and two fold-out panoramic photos of the Ford complex at River Rouge taken by Otto Rotch in 1925 (no. 218).","Views: 86 photographs. Material is divided into Street Views (28 photographs), Residential Views (51 photographs), and Aerial Views (7 photographs).","Architecture: 69 photographs. Of particular note is a charming view of a small inn at Springwells, Mich., the International Exposition House ca. 1889 (no. 235); an 1870's print of the large Russell House Hotel in Detroit (no. 238); and a panoramic view of downtown Detroit at its peak, taken by the Murray Studio in the 1920s (no. 240.18).","Labor \u0026 Unemployment: 8 photographs primarily focused on unemployment during the Great Depression. Of note is a group photo of the striking Journeyman Bakers International Union in 1902 (no. 248).","Athletes \u0026 Athletics: 58 photographs. Of particular note are a copy-print of a 1910 Detroit Tigers team photo featuring Hall of Famer Ty Cobb (no. 261); a series of 3 group photographs of an early soccer team, Michigan Alkali F.C. in 1923 (no. 265); Wyandotte baseball teams (no. 266);. The Slocum’s Island baseball champions of 1882 (no. 272.4); and a 1943 curling team (no. 273).","Classrooms \u0026 Schools: 38 photographs. Of particular interest are a student group in front of a one-room schoolhouse at Cherry Hill in 1934 (no. 280.11); a kindergarten band at Clippert School taken by the Manning Bros. (no. 280.20); and a ca.1936 Lincoln Park High School album with personal snapshots and autographs of classmates (no. 279).","Places of Worship \u0026 Religious Activities: 43 photographs. One of several images related to African American church congregations shows members of an A.M.E. church dressed in \"traditional\" African garb ca.1920-1930 (no. 284).","Parks: 112 photographs. Of particular focus is Belle Isle (approx. 50 photographs) and Waterworks Park. A series of Belle Isle views taken in 1889 by Holcombe \u0026 Metzen is particularly picturesque (no. 297.1-9).","Funerals \u0026 Postmortem Photography: 14 photographs. These photographs date from the 1910s-1930s and are mostly photographs of open caskets surrounded by the deceased's family."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract\u003eThe collection contains photographs of Wayne County, Michigan. Included are numerous urban scenes and images of everyday life, primarily in the Metropolitan Detroit area between 1860 and the mid-20th century. The bulk of the photographs were taken between 1890 and 1930. A very wide range of topics is represented, among them commercial and residential architecture, urban infrastructure, public and private spaces, civic and domestic activities, individual and group portraits, and events from across the social spectrum.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection contains photographs of Wayne County, Michigan. Included are numerous urban scenes and images of everyday life, primarily in the Metropolitan Detroit area between 1860 and the mid-20th century. The bulk of the photographs were taken between 1890 and 1930. A very wide range of topics is represented, among them commercial and residential architecture, urban infrastructure, public and private spaces, civic and domestic activities, individual and group portraits, and events from across the social spectrum."],"names_ssim":["William L. Clements Library , University of Michigan","American Red Cross.","Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine for North America.","BASF Wyandotte Corporation.","Cartercar Co.","Catholic Church--Clergy--Michigan.","Detroit College of Medicine.","Detroit Institute of Arts.","Detroit Museum of Art.","Detroit Opera House.","Detroit Red Wings (Hockey team)","Detroit Symphony Orchestra.","Detroit, Toledo and Ironton Railroad.","Dodge Brothers.","Ford Motor Company.","Ford Motor Company--Employees.","Ford Motor Company. Rouge River Plant.","Ford Rotunda (Dearborn, Mich.)","General Motors Corporation.","Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village.","Hudson's (Department store)","International Union, United Automobile Workers of America (CIO)","Journeymen Bakers National Union of the United States.","Knights of Pythias.","Knights Templar (Masonic order)","Michigan Central Railroad Company.","Michigan. National Guard.","Michigan Stove Company.","Tiger Stadium (Detroit, Mich.)","United States. Army--Recruiting, enlistment, etc.--Michigan.","United States. Army. Reserve Officers' Training Corps.","YMCA of the USA.","Young Women's Christian Association.","Agdan Photographic.","Alliance Commercial Photo Co.","Alvord \u0026 Co.","American Commercial Photo Co.","Arthur Studio.","Babas Studio.","Baker Art Studio.","Baker Studio.","Ballaun Studio.","Bonish Studio.","Brown \u0026 Co.","Charles Hopp \u0026 Co.","Club Photos Inc.","Commercial Photo Service Co.","Cousins Art Studio.","Davison Photo Studio.","Deluxe Theatrical Studio.","Detroit Edison Co.","Detroit News Staff.","Fotografia Italiana (G. Lanni \u0026 Co.)","General Motors Photographic Section.","Harbican Studio.","Hoffman Studio.","Holcombe \u0026 Metzen.","Holgate Studio.","Huntington \u0026 Clark.","Litynski-Jakubowski Co.","MacGregor and Company.","Manning Bros.","Metropolitan Art Studio.","Modernistic Photo Studio.","New Chene Studio.","P. Pieronek Studio.","Rembrandt Studios.","Rentschler's Studio.","Smart Set Studio.","Smith Brothers Commerical Photographers.","Spencer \u0026 Wyckoff.","Spooner \u0026 Wells, Inc.","Tiffany Photographic Studio.","Ziawinski Bros.","Tinder, David V.","Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885--Homes and haunts.","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963.","Kennedy, Robert F., 1925-1968.","Robeson, Paul, 1898-1976.","Sousa, John Philip, 1854-1932.","Arthur, Edward J.","Baker, Chas. R.","Ball, Lyman L.","Baron, Herman.","Blanchard, Issac H.","Bleibel, Gustav.","Bowles, Esther A., Mrs.","Burose, Herman.","Cheff, Edmund Archael.","Craine, Benjamin H.","Hayes, Clarence Messenger.","Hediger, James D.","Hillmer, Davis B.","Hoffman, Clarence L.","Howie, George William.","Hughes, John Wesley.","Jackson, Harvey C.","James, Langford P.","Jones, J. F.","Lazarnick, Nathan.","Litynski, Walter E.","Mazur, Anthony","McMichael, A.G.","Merz, Charles J.","Mirecki, Albert J.","Phelps, C.A. (New Castle, IN)","Pipp, Frank H.","Poli, Faustino G.","Pollard, C.H.","Rentschler, Andrew.","Rochowiak, Stanley A.","Rotch, Otto.","Salter, Al.","Sowinski, Joseph.","Spellman, Delmar Driscoe.","Stone, Frank H.","Tomlinson, Frank N.","Wiederhold, John A.","Wright, Fred G.","Ziawinski, Felix.","Ziawinski, Joseph."],"corpname_ssim":["William L. Clements Library , University of Michigan","American Red Cross.","Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine for North America.","BASF Wyandotte Corporation.","Cartercar Co.","Catholic Church--Clergy--Michigan.","Detroit College of Medicine.","Detroit Institute of Arts.","Detroit Museum of Art.","Detroit Opera House.","Detroit Red Wings (Hockey team)","Detroit Symphony Orchestra.","Detroit, Toledo and Ironton Railroad.","Dodge Brothers.","Ford Motor Company.","Ford Motor Company--Employees.","Ford Motor Company. Rouge River Plant.","Ford Rotunda (Dearborn, Mich.)","General Motors Corporation.","Henry Ford Museum and Greenfield Village.","Hudson's (Department store)","International Union, United Automobile Workers of America (CIO)","Journeymen Bakers National Union of the United States.","Knights of Pythias.","Knights Templar (Masonic order)","Michigan Central Railroad Company.","Michigan. National Guard.","Michigan Stove Company.","Tiger Stadium (Detroit, Mich.)","United States. Army--Recruiting, enlistment, etc.--Michigan.","United States. Army. Reserve Officers' Training Corps.","YMCA of the USA.","Young Women's Christian Association.","Agdan Photographic.","Alliance Commercial Photo Co.","Alvord \u0026 Co.","American Commercial Photo Co.","Arthur Studio.","Babas Studio.","Baker Art Studio.","Baker Studio.","Ballaun Studio.","Bonish Studio.","Brown \u0026 Co.","Charles Hopp \u0026 Co.","Club Photos Inc.","Commercial Photo Service Co.","Cousins Art Studio.","Davison Photo Studio.","Deluxe Theatrical Studio.","Detroit Edison Co.","Detroit News Staff.","Fotografia Italiana (G. Lanni \u0026 Co.)","General Motors Photographic Section.","Harbican Studio.","Hoffman Studio.","Holcombe \u0026 Metzen.","Holgate Studio.","Huntington \u0026 Clark.","Litynski-Jakubowski Co.","MacGregor and Company.","Manning Bros.","Metropolitan Art Studio.","Modernistic Photo Studio.","New Chene Studio.","P. Pieronek Studio.","Rembrandt Studios.","Rentschler's Studio.","Smart Set Studio.","Smith Brothers Commerical Photographers.","Spencer \u0026 Wyckoff.","Spooner \u0026 Wells, Inc.","Tiffany Photographic Studio.","Ziawinski Bros."],"persname_ssim":["Tinder, David V.","Grant, Ulysses S. (Ulysses Simpson), 1822-1885--Homes and haunts.","Kennedy, John F. (John Fitzgerald), 1917-1963.","Kennedy, Robert F., 1925-1968.","Robeson, Paul, 1898-1976.","Sousa, John Philip, 1854-1932.","Arthur, Edward J.","Baker, Chas. R.","Ball, Lyman L.","Baron, Herman.","Blanchard, Issac H.","Bleibel, Gustav.","Bowles, Esther A., Mrs.","Burose, Herman.","Cheff, Edmund Archael.","Craine, Benjamin H.","Hayes, Clarence Messenger.","Hediger, James D.","Hillmer, Davis B.","Hoffman, Clarence L.","Howie, George William.","Hughes, John Wesley.","Jackson, Harvey C.","James, Langford P.","Jones, J. F.","Lazarnick, Nathan.","Litynski, Walter E.","Mazur, Anthony","McMichael, A.G.","Merz, Charles J.","Mirecki, Albert J.","Phelps, C.A. (New Castle, IN)","Pipp, Frank H.","Poli, Faustino G.","Pollard, C.H.","Rentschler, Andrew.","Rochowiak, Stanley A.","Rotch, Otto.","Salter, Al.","Sowinski, Joseph.","Spellman, Delmar Driscoe.","Stone, Frank H.","Tomlinson, Frank N.","Wiederhold, John A.","Wright, Fred G.","Ziawinski, Felix.","Ziawinski, Joseph."],"language_ssim":["The material is in  English ."],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":365,"online_item_count_is":15,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-wcl-G-tind-0083","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:25:22.393Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-wcl-G-tind-0083_al_45d2aa77a813297c1146f2c07283ffb21bbd2d8e"}},{"id":"sc0066-xml_aspace_ref187_pg5","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Cleveland, Williams, Negro, male, President Panola County Farmer's Co-op, 0254-1 (sides 1 and 2), Panola County, Mississippi","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/sc0066-xml_aspace_ref187_pg5#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_ref187_pg5","ref_ssm":["aspace_ref187_pg5","aspace_ref187_pg5"],"id":"sc0066-xml_aspace_ref187_pg5","title_filing_ssi":"Cleveland, Williams, Negro, male, President Panola County Farmer's Co-op, 0254-1 (sides 1 and 2), Panola County, Mississippi","title_ssm":["Cleveland, Williams, Negro, male, President Panola County Farmer's Co-op, 0254-1 (sides 1 and 2), Panola County, Mississippi"],"title_tesim":["Cleveland, Williams, Negro, male, President Panola County Farmer's Co-op, 0254-1 (sides 1 and 2), Panola County, Mississippi"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Cleveland, Williams, Negro, male, President Panola County Farmer's Co-op, 0254-1 (sides 1 and 2), Panola County, Mississippi"],"text":["Cleveland, Williams, Negro, male, President Panola County Farmer's Co-op, 0254-1 (sides 1 and 2), Panola County, Mississippi","KZSU Project South interviews, 1965-1976","Interviews, 1965","Black MFDP - SNCC volunteers and staff, local Mississippi blacks","box 7","folder 173"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ssim":["sc0066-xml","aspace_ref267_lgy","aspace_ref161_nto"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_ref161_nto","parent_ids_ssim":["sc0066-xml","sc0066-xml_aspace_ref267_lgy","sc0066-xml_aspace_ref161_nto"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["KZSU Project South interviews, 1965-1976","Interviews, 1965","Black MFDP - SNCC volunteers and staff, local Mississippi blacks"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["KZSU Project South interviews, 1965-1976","Interviews, 1965","Black MFDP - SNCC volunteers and staff, local Mississippi blacks"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"repository_ssim":["Stanford University Libraries. 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The eight interviewers -- Mary Kay Becker, Mark Dalrymple, Roger Dankert, Richard Gillam, James McRae, Penny Niland, Jon Roise, and Julie Wells -- were sponsored by KZSU, Stanford's student radio station, and their original intent was to gather material suitable for rebroadcasting in the form of radio programs. Much attention was focused on white civil rights workers, although a great deal of other documentation relevant to black history was also obtained: the interviewers visited over fifty civil rights projects in six states (see appendix) and secured three hundred and thirty hours of recordings, including over two hundred hours of personal interviews. In addition to interviewing members of various, well-known civil rights groups -- the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP), the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC or `Snick') -- the student interviewers also recorded the formal and the informal remarks of those working with smaller, independent civil rights projects, of local blacks associated with the civil rights movement, and of many others including Ku Klux Klansmen and Southerners connected with the Sheriff's Department of Clay County, Mississippi. The interviewers, in addition, spoke with many white volunteers who participated in Snick's `Washington Lobby' (aimed at unseating the all-white Mississippi Congressional Delegation) but who did not actually go south.","Several of the two-man interview teams recorded parts of the Jackson, Bougalusa, Greensboro, Crawfordsville, and West Point demonstrations, and also gathered various other action tapes of civil rights workers canvassing voters, conducting freedom schools, or participating in demonstrations. Finally, the interviewers recorded many mass meetings and gathered much material on the orientation sessions of MFDP in Hattiesburg, Mississippi and of SCLC in Atlanta, Georgia. All of these original tape recordings are now housed in the Library of Recorded Sound, Stanford, California.","The following pages contain transcripts of the majority of recordings mentioned above. It is hoped that these volumes will rescue from obscurity a body of information which we believe can be of great use both to scholars and to laymen interested in the dramatic history of the civil rights movement during the past decade. This material may prove to be especially valuable because it concerns a transitional period between the first `freedom summer' of 1964, the high tide of civil rights, and the `Meredith March of 1966 during which Stokely Carmichael first voiced the compelling cry of `Black Power'. In fact, at least one essay and a documentary history based on these recordings are already in progress, and it is expected that more will soon follow.","Many of the interviewees are identified by name on the first page of the transcripts which follow. Because of the long time which has already elapsed since the interviews were recorded, however, it is requested that these names not be used in print unless the written consent of the interviewees concerned is first obtained.","In closing, we would like to express our thanks to the Stanford Institute of American History and to the Stanford Library for financial support which made possible the transcription of the original recordings. We would also like to thank Mrs. Betty Eldon of the Institute of American History who accepted the added burden of paperwork connected with this transcription project with tolerance and good humor. Finally, we acknowledge a particular debt to Professor George Knoles for his unfailing encouragement and support.","Richard Gillam","James D. McRae","Palo Alto","January 1969","Gift of Richard Gillam and KZSU, 1969.","Alabama - Southern Christian Leadership Conference  Demopolis Greensboro Greenville Luverne Marion Midway Montgomery Selma (also the SNCC project located there)","Arkansas - Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee  Little Rock - state headquarters","Georgia - Southern Christian Leadership Conference  Atlanta - Southern headquarters of SCLC \u0026 SNCC Crawfordville Macon","Louisiana - Congress of Racial Equality  Baton Rouge - state headquarters Bogalusa Clinton Ferriday Greensburg Homer Jonesboro Minden Monroe New Orleans project New Roads Plaquemine - evaluation session Shreveport Southern Regional CORE office St. Francisville Tallulah Waveland, Miss. - orientation","Mississippi - Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party  Batesville Beasley Belzoni Biloxi Canton Clarksdale Cleveland Greenville Greenwood Hattiesburg - orientation Holly Springs Indianola Jackson - state headquarters Laurel McComb Mileston Mt. Beulah Natchez Phela Philadelphia Quitman Ruleville Shaw Vicksburg West Point Whites","South Carolina - Southern Christian Leadership Conference  Columbia Orangeburg","Original audiotapes are held in the Stanford Archive of Recorded Sound.","This collection contains transcribed meetings and interviews with Civil Rights workers in the South recorded by several Stanford students affiliated with the campus radio station KZSU during the summer of 1965. The project was sponsored by the Institute of American History at Stanford. The collection includes information relating to black history; interviews of members of the Congress of Racial Equality, the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, the NAACP, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee; transcripts of formal and informal remarks of persons working with smaller, independent civil rights projects, of local blacks associated with the civil rights movement, and other people, including Ku Klux Klansmen; transcribed action tapes of civil rights workers canvassing voters, conducting freedom schools, or participating in demonstration; speeches by and/or interviews with Ralph David Abernathy, Charles Evers, James Farmer, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Hosea Williams; and a Ku Klux Klan meeting and speech made by Robert Sheldon, its Imperial Wizard.","Property rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections and University Archives.","Department of Special Collections and University Archives","Stanford University. Institute of American History","KZSU (Radio station : Stanford)","Ku Klux Klan (1915- )","Congress of Racial Equality.","Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)","Southern Christian Leadership Conference.","Klu Klux Klan","Becker, Mary Kay.","Dalrymple, Mark David","Dankert, Roger.","Wells, Judith Lee.","McRae, James Dean.","Gillam, Richard Arthur.","Roise, Jonathan Harold.","Niland, Penelope.","Evers, Charles","Abernathy, Ralph David, 1926-1990","King, Martin Luther, Jr.","Williams, Hosea.","Shelton, Robert M.","McDaniel, Edward L.","Farmer, James.","Abernathy, Ralph","Williams, Hosea","Strickland, Joe E.","English"],"unitid_tesim":["SC0066"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1965-1976"],"normalized_title_ssm":["KZSU Project South interviews, 1965-1976"],"collection_title_tesim":["KZSU Project South interviews, 1965-1976"],"collection_ssim":["KZSU Project South interviews, 1965-1976"],"repository_ssm":["Stanford University Libraries. 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Institute of American History","KZSU (Radio station : Stanford)"],"creators_ssim":["Becker, Mary Kay.","Dalrymple, Mark David","Dankert, Roger.","Wells, Judith Lee.","McRae, James Dean.","Gillam, Richard Arthur.","Roise, Jonathan Harold.","Niland, Penelope.","Stanford University. Institute of American History","KZSU (Radio station : Stanford)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Property rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections and University Archives."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Civil rights movements -- United States.","African Americans -- Civil rights -- United States.","Civil rights -- United States.","Audiotapes.","Interviews."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Civil rights movements -- United States.","African Americans -- Civil rights -- United States.","Civil rights -- United States.","Audiotapes.","Interviews."],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["7 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["7 Linear Feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Audiotapes.","Interviews."],"date_range_isim":[1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials are open for research use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Information about Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The materials are open for research use."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe transcripts and audio recordings have been digitized and are available for online review by clicking on the hyperlinks under each interview.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["The transcripts and audio recordings have been digitized and are available for online review by clicking on the hyperlinks under each interview."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDuring the summer of 1965, eight students from Stanford University spent ten weeks in the southern states tape-recording information on the civil rights movement. The eight interviewers -- Mary Kay Becker, Mark Dalrymple, Roger Dankert, Richard Gillam, James McRae, Penny Niland, Jon Roise, and Julie Wells -- were sponsored by KZSU, Stanford's student radio station, and their original intent was to gather material suitable for rebroadcasting in the form of radio programs. Much attention was focused on white civil rights workers, although a great deal of other documentation relevant to black history was also obtained: the interviewers visited over fifty civil rights projects in six states (see appendix) and secured three hundred and thirty hours of recordings, including over two hundred hours of personal interviews. In addition to interviewing members of various, well-known civil rights groups -- the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP), the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC or `Snick') -- the student interviewers also recorded the formal and the informal remarks of those working with smaller, independent civil rights projects, of local blacks associated with the civil rights movement, and of many others including Ku Klux Klansmen and Southerners connected with the Sheriff's Department of Clay County, Mississippi. The interviewers, in addition, spoke with many white volunteers who participated in Snick's `Washington Lobby' (aimed at unseating the all-white Mississippi Congressional Delegation) but who did not actually go south.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSeveral of the two-man interview teams recorded parts of the Jackson, Bougalusa, Greensboro, Crawfordsville, and West Point demonstrations, and also gathered various other action tapes of civil rights workers canvassing voters, conducting freedom schools, or participating in demonstrations. Finally, the interviewers recorded many mass meetings and gathered much material on the orientation sessions of MFDP in Hattiesburg, Mississippi and of SCLC in Atlanta, Georgia. All of these original tape recordings are now housed in the Library of Recorded Sound, Stanford, California.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eThe following pages contain transcripts of the majority of recordings mentioned above. It is hoped that these volumes will rescue from obscurity a body of information which we believe can be of great use both to scholars and to laymen interested in the dramatic history of the civil rights movement during the past decade. This material may prove to be especially valuable because it concerns a transitional period between the first `freedom summer' of 1964, the high tide of civil rights, and the `Meredith March of 1966 during which Stokely Carmichael first voiced the compelling cry of `Black Power'. In fact, at least one essay and a documentary history based on these recordings are already in progress, and it is expected that more will soon follow.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMany of the interviewees are identified by name on the first page of the transcripts which follow. Because of the long time which has already elapsed since the interviews were recorded, however, it is requested that these names not be used in print unless the written consent of the interviewees concerned is first obtained.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn closing, we would like to express our thanks to the Stanford Institute of American History and to the Stanford Library for financial support which made possible the transcription of the original recordings. We would also like to thank Mrs. Betty Eldon of the Institute of American History who accepted the added burden of paperwork connected with this transcription project with tolerance and good humor. Finally, we acknowledge a particular debt to Professor George Knoles for his unfailing encouragement and support.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eRichard Gillam\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJames D. McRae\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003ePalo Alto\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eJanuary 1969\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["During the summer of 1965, eight students from Stanford University spent ten weeks in the southern states tape-recording information on the civil rights movement. The eight interviewers -- Mary Kay Becker, Mark Dalrymple, Roger Dankert, Richard Gillam, James McRae, Penny Niland, Jon Roise, and Julie Wells -- were sponsored by KZSU, Stanford's student radio station, and their original intent was to gather material suitable for rebroadcasting in the form of radio programs. Much attention was focused on white civil rights workers, although a great deal of other documentation relevant to black history was also obtained: the interviewers visited over fifty civil rights projects in six states (see appendix) and secured three hundred and thirty hours of recordings, including over two hundred hours of personal interviews. In addition to interviewing members of various, well-known civil rights groups -- the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party (MFDP), the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC), and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC or `Snick') -- the student interviewers also recorded the formal and the informal remarks of those working with smaller, independent civil rights projects, of local blacks associated with the civil rights movement, and of many others including Ku Klux Klansmen and Southerners connected with the Sheriff's Department of Clay County, Mississippi. The interviewers, in addition, spoke with many white volunteers who participated in Snick's `Washington Lobby' (aimed at unseating the all-white Mississippi Congressional Delegation) but who did not actually go south.","Several of the two-man interview teams recorded parts of the Jackson, Bougalusa, Greensboro, Crawfordsville, and West Point demonstrations, and also gathered various other action tapes of civil rights workers canvassing voters, conducting freedom schools, or participating in demonstrations. Finally, the interviewers recorded many mass meetings and gathered much material on the orientation sessions of MFDP in Hattiesburg, Mississippi and of SCLC in Atlanta, Georgia. All of these original tape recordings are now housed in the Library of Recorded Sound, Stanford, California.","The following pages contain transcripts of the majority of recordings mentioned above. It is hoped that these volumes will rescue from obscurity a body of information which we believe can be of great use both to scholars and to laymen interested in the dramatic history of the civil rights movement during the past decade. This material may prove to be especially valuable because it concerns a transitional period between the first `freedom summer' of 1964, the high tide of civil rights, and the `Meredith March of 1966 during which Stokely Carmichael first voiced the compelling cry of `Black Power'. In fact, at least one essay and a documentary history based on these recordings are already in progress, and it is expected that more will soon follow.","Many of the interviewees are identified by name on the first page of the transcripts which follow. Because of the long time which has already elapsed since the interviews were recorded, however, it is requested that these names not be used in print unless the written consent of the interviewees concerned is first obtained.","In closing, we would like to express our thanks to the Stanford Institute of American History and to the Stanford Library for financial support which made possible the transcription of the original recordings. We would also like to thank Mrs. Betty Eldon of the Institute of American History who accepted the added burden of paperwork connected with this transcription project with tolerance and good humor. Finally, we acknowledge a particular debt to Professor George Knoles for his unfailing encouragement and support.","Richard Gillam","James D. McRae","Palo Alto","January 1969"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGift of Richard Gillam and KZSU, 1969.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History note"],"custodhist_tesim":["Gift of Richard Gillam and KZSU, 1969."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlabama - Southern Christian Leadership Conference \u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eDemopolis\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eGreensboro\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eGreenville\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLuverne\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eMarion\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eMidway\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eMontgomery\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSelma (also the SNCC project located there)\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eArkansas - Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee \u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eLittle Rock - state headquarters\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eGeorgia - Southern Christian Leadership Conference \u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eAtlanta - Southern headquarters of SCLC \u0026amp; SNCC\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eCrawfordville\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eMacon\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eLouisiana - Congress of Racial Equality \u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eBaton Rouge - state headquarters\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBogalusa\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eClinton\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eFerriday\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eGreensburg\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHomer\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eJonesboro\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eMinden\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eMonroe\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eNew Orleans project\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eNew Roads\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003ePlaquemine - evaluation session\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eShreveport\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSouthern Regional CORE office\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eSt. Francisville\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eTallulah\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWaveland, Miss. - orientation\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMississippi - Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party \u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eBatesville\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBeasley\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBelzoni\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eBiloxi\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eCanton\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eClarksdale\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eCleveland\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eGreenville\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eGreenwood\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHattiesburg - orientation\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eHolly Springs\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eIndianola\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eJackson - state headquarters\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eLaurel\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eMcComb\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eMileston\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eMt. Beulah\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eNatchez\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003ePhela\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003ePhiladelphia\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eQuitman\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eRuleville\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eShaw\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eVicksburg\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWest Point\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eWhites\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e \u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSouth Carolina - Southern Christian Leadership Conference \u003clist type=\"simple\"\u003e\u003citem\u003eColumbia\u003c/item\u003e\u003citem\u003eOrangeburg\u003c/item\u003e\u003c/list\u003e \u003c/p\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["Appendix: Projects Visited"],"odd_tesim":["Alabama - Southern Christian Leadership Conference  Demopolis Greensboro Greenville Luverne Marion Midway Montgomery Selma (also the SNCC project located there)","Arkansas - Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee  Little Rock - state headquarters","Georgia - Southern Christian Leadership Conference  Atlanta - Southern headquarters of SCLC \u0026 SNCC Crawfordville Macon","Louisiana - Congress of Racial Equality  Baton Rouge - state headquarters Bogalusa Clinton Ferriday Greensburg Homer Jonesboro Minden Monroe New Orleans project New Roads Plaquemine - evaluation session Shreveport Southern Regional CORE office St. Francisville Tallulah Waveland, Miss. - orientation","Mississippi - Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party  Batesville Beasley Belzoni Biloxi Canton Clarksdale Cleveland Greenville Greenwood Hattiesburg - orientation Holly Springs Indianola Jackson - state headquarters Laurel McComb Mileston Mt. Beulah Natchez Phela Philadelphia Quitman Ruleville Shaw Vicksburg West Point Whites","South Carolina - Southern Christian Leadership Conference  Columbia Orangeburg"],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginal audiotapes are held in the Stanford Archive of Recorded Sound.\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["Original audiotapes are held in the Stanford Archive of Recorded Sound."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKZSU Project South Interviews (SC0066). Department of Special Collections and University Archives, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, Calif.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["KZSU Project South Interviews (SC0066). Department of Special Collections and University Archives, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, Calif."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains transcribed meetings and interviews with Civil Rights workers in the South recorded by several Stanford students affiliated with the campus radio station KZSU during the summer of 1965. The project was sponsored by the Institute of American History at Stanford. The collection includes information relating to black history; interviews of members of the Congress of Racial Equality, the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, the NAACP, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee; transcripts of formal and informal remarks of persons working with smaller, independent civil rights projects, of local blacks associated with the civil rights movement, and other people, including Ku Klux Klansmen; transcribed action tapes of civil rights workers canvassing voters, conducting freedom schools, or participating in demonstration; speeches by and/or interviews with Ralph David Abernathy, Charles Evers, James Farmer, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Hosea Williams; and a Ku Klux Klan meeting and speech made by Robert Sheldon, its Imperial Wizard.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains transcribed meetings and interviews with Civil Rights workers in the South recorded by several Stanford students affiliated with the campus radio station KZSU during the summer of 1965. The project was sponsored by the Institute of American History at Stanford. The collection includes information relating to black history; interviews of members of the Congress of Racial Equality, the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party, the NAACP, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, and the Student Non-violent Coordinating Committee; transcripts of formal and informal remarks of persons working with smaller, independent civil rights projects, of local blacks associated with the civil rights movement, and other people, including Ku Klux Klansmen; transcribed action tapes of civil rights workers canvassing voters, conducting freedom schools, or participating in demonstration; speeches by and/or interviews with Ralph David Abernathy, Charles Evers, James Farmer, Martin Luther King, Jr., and Hosea Williams; and a Ku Klux Klan meeting and speech made by Robert Sheldon, its Imperial Wizard."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProperty rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections and University Archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Ownership \u0026 Copyright"],"userestrict_tesim":["Property rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections and University Archives."],"names_coll_ssim":["Ku Klux Klan (1915- )","KZSU (Radio station : Stanford)","Congress of Racial Equality.","Stanford University. Institute of American History","Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)","KZSU (Radio station : Stanford)","Southern Christian Leadership Conference.","Evers, Charles","Abernathy, Ralph David, 1926-1990","Becker, Mary Kay.","King, Martin Luther, Jr.","Dalrymple, Mark David","Dankert, Roger.","Williams, Hosea.","Shelton, Robert M.","Wells, Judith Lee.","McDaniel, Edward L.","McRae, James Dean.","Farmer, James.","Gillam, Richard Arthur.","Roise, Jonathan Harold.","Niland, Penelope."],"names_ssim":["Department of Special Collections and University Archives","Stanford University. Institute of American History","KZSU (Radio station : Stanford)","Ku Klux Klan (1915- )","Congress of Racial Equality.","Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party.","Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (U.S.)","National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)","Southern Christian Leadership Conference.","Klu Klux Klan","Becker, Mary Kay.","Dalrymple, Mark David","Dankert, Roger.","Wells, Judith Lee.","McRae, James Dean.","Gillam, Richard Arthur.","Roise, Jonathan Harold.","Niland, Penelope.","Evers, Charles","Abernathy, Ralph David, 1926-1990","King, Martin Luther, Jr.","Williams, Hosea.","Shelton, Robert M.","McDaniel, Edward L.","Farmer, James.","Abernathy, Ralph","Williams, Hosea","Strickland, Joe E."],"corpname_ssim":["Department of Special Collections and University Archives","Stanford University. 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Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\":\"Climbing Sainte-Victoire (Screendance) 2008\",\"href\":\"http://hdl.handle.net/2027.42/102526\"}"],"date_range_isim":[2008],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eReading Room Access Only\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Reading Room Access Only"],"_nest_path_":"/components#7/components#8","_nest_parent_":"umich-bhl-0312_aspace_ea04e152d4703cedcf32d8d9c2b86eab","_root_":"umich-bhl-0312","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:20.872Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-0312","title_ssm":["Peter Sparling papers"],"title_tesim":["Peter Sparling papers"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-0312","unitdate_ssm":["1961-2013","1970-2000"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1970-2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1961-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0312 Aa2"],"text":["0312 Aa2","Peter Sparling papers, 1961-2013, bulk 1970-2000","Choreographers -- United States.","Dancers -- United States.","Ballet -- United States.","Ballet -- Study and teaching.","Choreography.","Ballet -- United States.","Dancers.","Posters.","Videotapes.","Motion pictures.","Photographs.","The collection is open to research."," Access to some of the online digital files in the Performance, Audition, and Rehearsal Videos series is restricted to viewing the Bentley Library Reading Room and at the University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre and Dance. Equipment needed to view the DVC-Pro digital cassettes in this series is not currently available at the Bentley Library. Contact the reference archivist to arrange for duplication of tapes.","Periodic additions to the records expected.","Peter Sparling is Professor of Dance at the University of Michigan School of Music. Well known as both performer and choreographer, he has danced with Martha Graham and Jose Limon."," Sparling got his first dance training while on a scholarship for violin performance at Interlochen Arts Academy. He added dance to his major and graduated in 1969, and then attended The Juilliard School, receiving his B.F.A. in 1973. While still at Juilliard, Sparling began touring with the Jose Limon Dance Company, traveling to Europe, Russia and Asia. He co-founded Dance Mobile with Janet Eilber, Ange Wolf and Diana Hart, all of whom he met at Interlochen. In 1974, he married another dancer he had met while at Interlochen, Shelley Washington. They divorced after three years."," In 1973, after the death of Jose Limon, Sparling was invited to join the Martha Graham Dance Company. Graham dramatically influenced Sparling's performance and his choreography, and he created and performed his own works during the six years he was with the Graham Company. When he left the company in 1979, he formed Peter Sparling Presents Solo Flight, and then the Peter Sparling Dance Company, as vehicles for his choreography. He continued to dance occasionally with the Graham Company until 1987."," In 1984, after several teaching residencies in such institutions as Barnard College in New York, Florida State University, Cloud Gate Dance Theatre in Taiwan and the Laban Centre for Movement Studies in London, Sparling was hired as Assistant Professor at the University of Michigan Dance Department. He was chair of the Department from 1988 through 1995. In 1984, he co-founded Ann Arbor Dance Works, the University of Michigan's resident dance company. In 1993, Peter founded the Peter Sparling Dance Co. a non-profit organization that continues today. Further information about Sparling's dance company or current work see http://www.dancegalleryfoundation.org.","","The Peter Sparling Papers include materials relating to Sparling's dance training, performance, and teaching. The papers are divided into eight series: Background Materials, Choreography, Correspondence, Dance Companies, Programs, Reviews, Photographs, Performance, Audition, and Rehearsal Videos, and Posters.","Copyright is retained by Peter Sparling. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Peter Sparling is Professor of Dance at the University of Michigan School of Music. Well known as both performer and choreographer, he has danced with Martha Graham and Jose Limon. 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Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials were donated by Peter Sparling (donor no. 8992) beginning in 2001."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Choreographers -- United States.","Dancers -- United States.","Ballet -- United States.","Ballet -- Study and teaching.","Choreography.","Ballet -- United States.","Dancers.","Posters.","Videotapes.","Motion pictures.","Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Choreographers -- United States.","Dancers -- United States.","Ballet -- United States.","Ballet -- Study and teaching.","Choreography.","Ballet -- United States.","Dancers.","Posters.","Videotapes.","Motion pictures.","Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["6 linear feet","89.5 GB"],"extent_tesim":["6 linear feet","89.5 GB"],"physfacet_tesim":["online"],"genreform_ssim":["Posters.","Videotapes.","Motion pictures.","Photographs."],"date_range_isim":[1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Access to some of the online digital files in the Performance, Audition, and Rehearsal Videos series is restricted to viewing the Bentley Library Reading Room and at the University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre and Dance. Equipment needed to view the DVC-Pro digital cassettes in this series is not currently available at the Bentley Library. Contact the reference archivist to arrange for duplication of tapes.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."," Access to some of the online digital files in the Performance, Audition, and Rehearsal Videos series is restricted to viewing the Bentley Library Reading Room and at the University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre and Dance. Equipment needed to view the DVC-Pro digital cassettes in this series is not currently available at the Bentley Library. Contact the reference archivist to arrange for duplication of tapes."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePeriodic additions to the records expected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["Periodic additions to the records expected."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePeter Sparling is Professor of Dance at the University of Michigan School of Music. Well known as both performer and choreographer, he has danced with Martha Graham and Jose Limon.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Sparling got his first dance training while on a scholarship for violin performance at Interlochen Arts Academy. He added dance to his major and graduated in 1969, and then attended The Juilliard School, receiving his B.F.A. in 1973. While still at Juilliard, Sparling began touring with the Jose Limon Dance Company, traveling to Europe, Russia and Asia. He co-founded Dance Mobile with Janet Eilber, Ange Wolf and Diana Hart, all of whom he met at Interlochen. In 1974, he married another dancer he had met while at Interlochen, Shelley Washington. They divorced after three years.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1973, after the death of Jose Limon, Sparling was invited to join the Martha Graham Dance Company. Graham dramatically influenced Sparling's performance and his choreography, and he created and performed his own works during the six years he was with the Graham Company. When he left the company in 1979, he formed Peter Sparling Presents Solo Flight, and then the Peter Sparling Dance Company, as vehicles for his choreography. He continued to dance occasionally with the Graham Company until 1987.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1984, after several teaching residencies in such institutions as Barnard College in New York, Florida State University, Cloud Gate Dance Theatre in Taiwan and the Laban Centre for Movement Studies in London, Sparling was hired as Assistant Professor at the University of Michigan Dance Department. He was chair of the Department from 1988 through 1995. In 1984, he co-founded Ann Arbor Dance Works, the University of Michigan's resident dance company. In 1993, Peter founded the Peter Sparling Dance Co. a non-profit organization that continues today. Further information about Sparling's dance company or current work see http://www.dancegalleryfoundation.org.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Peter Sparling is Professor of Dance at the University of Michigan School of Music. Well known as both performer and choreographer, he has danced with Martha Graham and Jose Limon."," Sparling got his first dance training while on a scholarship for violin performance at Interlochen Arts Academy. He added dance to his major and graduated in 1969, and then attended The Juilliard School, receiving his B.F.A. in 1973. While still at Juilliard, Sparling began touring with the Jose Limon Dance Company, traveling to Europe, Russia and Asia. He co-founded Dance Mobile with Janet Eilber, Ange Wolf and Diana Hart, all of whom he met at Interlochen. In 1974, he married another dancer he had met while at Interlochen, Shelley Washington. They divorced after three years."," In 1973, after the death of Jose Limon, Sparling was invited to join the Martha Graham Dance Company. Graham dramatically influenced Sparling's performance and his choreography, and he created and performed his own works during the six years he was with the Graham Company. When he left the company in 1979, he formed Peter Sparling Presents Solo Flight, and then the Peter Sparling Dance Company, as vehicles for his choreography. He continued to dance occasionally with the Graham Company until 1987."," In 1984, after several teaching residencies in such institutions as Barnard College in New York, Florida State University, Cloud Gate Dance Theatre in Taiwan and the Laban Centre for Movement Studies in London, Sparling was hired as Assistant Professor at the University of Michigan Dance Department. He was chair of the Department from 1988 through 1995. In 1984, he co-founded Ann Arbor Dance Works, the University of Michigan's resident dance company. In 1993, Peter founded the Peter Sparling Dance Co. a non-profit organization that continues today. Further information about Sparling's dance company or current work see http://www.dancegalleryfoundation.org."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item], folder, box, Peter Sparling papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item], folder, box, Peter Sparling papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr actuate=\"onload\" href=\"digitalproc\" show=\"embed\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":[""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Peter Sparling Papers include materials relating to Sparling's dance training, performance, and teaching. The papers are divided into eight series: Background Materials, Choreography, Correspondence, Dance Companies, Programs, Reviews, Photographs, Performance, Audition, and Rehearsal Videos, and Posters.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Peter Sparling Papers include materials relating to Sparling's dance training, performance, and teaching. The papers are divided into eight series: Background Materials, Choreography, Correspondence, Dance Companies, Programs, Reviews, Photographs, Performance, Audition, and Rehearsal Videos, and Posters."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright is retained by Peter Sparling. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright is retained by Peter Sparling. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e7ba80ca0d30560d8aa900af8025f1a9\"\u003ePeter Sparling is Professor of Dance at the University of Michigan School of Music. Well known as both performer and choreographer, he has danced with Martha Graham and Jose Limon. Papers consist of materials relating to Sparling's dance training, performance, and teaching including background materials; choreography notes and sketches; correspondence; clippings and publicity from dance companies with whom he was associated; programs and reviews; photographs, video and film of performances; and posters.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Peter Sparling is Professor of Dance at the University of Michigan School of Music. Well known as both performer and choreographer, he has danced with Martha Graham and Jose Limon. Papers consist of materials relating to Sparling's dance training, performance, and teaching including background materials; choreography notes and sketches; correspondence; clippings and publicity from dance companies with whom he was associated; programs and reviews; photographs, video and film of performances; and posters."],"names_coll_ssim":["University of Michigan. -- Faculty.","University of Michigan. School of Music.","Sparling, Peter, 1951-","Sparling, Peter, 1951-","Sparling, Peter, Performances, 1951-"],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","University of Michigan. -- Faculty.","University of Michigan. School of Music.","Sparling, Peter.","Sparling, Peter, 1951-","Sparling, Peter, Performances, 1951-"],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","University of Michigan. -- Faculty.","University of Michigan. School of Music."],"persname_ssim":["Sparling, Peter.","Sparling, Peter, 1951-","Sparling, Peter, Performances, 1951-"],"language_ssim":["English","The material is in  English"],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":280,"online_item_count_is":24,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-0312","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:20.872Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-0312_aspace_3d4183f84680b6c19979dfc41ea690c3"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-9840_aspace_3cdda0cea6fa8110223088056cbece77","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Clippings","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-9840_aspace_3cdda0cea6fa8110223088056cbece77#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_3cdda0cea6fa8110223088056cbece77","ref_ssm":["aspace_3cdda0cea6fa8110223088056cbece77","aspace_3cdda0cea6fa8110223088056cbece77"],"id":"umich-bhl-9840_aspace_3cdda0cea6fa8110223088056cbece77","title_filing_ssi":"Clippings","title_ssm":["Clippings"],"title_tesim":["Clippings"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clippings"],"text":["Clippings","Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969","Personal"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-9840","aspace_6d67d2499bacc16a500b20f7b42854cf"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_6d67d2499bacc16a500b20f7b42854cf","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-9840","umich-bhl-9840_aspace_6d67d2499bacc16a500b20f7b42854cf"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969","Personal"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969","Personal"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":4,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":107,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to research, except for some files in box 2 that are restricted to staff use only."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#0","_nest_parent_":"umich-bhl-9840_aspace_6d67d2499bacc16a500b20f7b42854cf","_root_":"umich-bhl-9840","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:24:36.652Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-9840","title_ssm":["Charles W. Lane papers"],"title_tesim":["Charles W. Lane papers"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-9840","unitdate_ssm":["1935-1997","1958-1969"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1958-1969"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1935-1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["9840 Aa 2"],"text":["9840 Aa 2","Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969","Ann Arbor (Mich.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.","Hawaii.","Houma (La.)","Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands, Japan)","Manila (Philippines)","Nagasaki-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Okinawa Island (Japan)","Wakayama-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Architectural practice -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Architects -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Buildings, Prefabricated.","Mobile home parks -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","World War, 1939-1945.","Architectural drawings.","Iwo Jima, Battle of, Japan, 1945.","World War, 1939-1945.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","Military art and science.","Mobile homes.","Schools -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","War damage -- Japan -- Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands)","War damage -- Japan -- Nagasaki-Shi.","War damage -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","War damage -- Japan -- Wakayama-Shi.","War damage -- Philippines -- Manila.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Destruction and pillage.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military personnel.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military life.","Architectural drawings.","Photographs.","The collection is open to research, except for some files in box 2 that are restricted to staff use only.","No further additions to the papers are expected.","Charles Wesley Lane was born in 1919. He began his career as an architect by working at construction sites during his summer breaks from the University of Michigan, from 1937 through 1941. He then worked for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on the MacArthur Lock in Sault St. Marie. Following Lane's graduation from the University of Michigan he served in World War II. He was in Louisiana for a short time, helping to supervise construction of a blimp hangar. He then began work as a Photo Interpretation officer and was part of the landing at Iwo Jima and Okinawa. He also spent some time in Nagasaki after the atomic bomb. Upon returning he went to work as an architect for George Brigham in Ann Arbor. Brigham's office was divided into two areas, research and production. Lane was assigned to work in research as an architect for Brigham's Progressive Homes Corporation (PHC). The goal of PHC was to design a completely prefabricated home that could be erected in eight hours (with the footings already in place) for the price of $1500. Brigham began the company with funders that included Eugene Cassaroll of Dual Motors. Lane describes the other investors as \"auto people from Detroit.\" The investors disassociated Brigham from the research division when his pace of development did not move along as quickly as they had hoped. The head of PHC was Ira E. \"Mickey\" Gillen, a former production manager for Chrysler Motors."," Gillen and the investors acquired 100,000 square feet of space in Pine Bluff, Arkansas to manufacture their homes. Gillen arranged for the building supplies to come from a variety of companies across the U.S. In a reflection of Gillen's automotive background, he wanted the pieces of the houses brought to Arkansas and assembled as pieces of a car are brought to a central location to be assembled. Gillen set up dealerships for the houses in every state and in England, France and South America. In South America he had a contract for 10,000 homes and in California a naval station wanted 5,000 houses, if they were financed by the Federal Housing Administration. The first two manufactured homes were built in Indiana, then Wisconsin. At about the fifth or sixth house, the local authorities would not issue a building permit because the local plumbers union was against the use of stamped steel in the building. Gillen had the support of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) over the plumbers, but the FHA still would not finance the homes. This was the end of the company because no one would finance the building of the houses. Since 1947, 400 homes had come off of the assembly line. Those homes were built around Washington D.C. because of a contract the PHC had with the government, which the latter was forced to honor. By 1948, about 250 similar companies producing manufactured homes had sprung up around the United States."," After the failure of PHC, Lane went to work for the Walter Aneche firm in Ann Arbor; he worked at the firm from 1948 to 1952. Lane designed drawings for  Good Housekeeping  and schools in Michigan. In 1952 Lane established his own firm in Ann Arbor with architects Alex Riebe and Keith Weiland. Lane developed a 24 x 36 steel sheet that was repetitive and was used in about 400 schools in Michigan. Lane designed many schools and residences throughout Michigan with his firm. The firm was hired in the 1960s to design Huron High School in Ann Arbor, Michigan. This was the largest, most unique school that he designed. He originally made 17 designs of the building, all which were rectangular in shape. In an effort to save money he created a circular design that reduced corridor space and cost. Lane was lauded for the unique design and budget reducing measures. In addition to the actual structure, Lane also made recommendations, which were followed, on where Huron Parkway should be placed."," In 1971, shortly after the completion of Huron High School, Lane left his firm to pursue his interest in manufactured housing. Alex Riebe moved the firm to Farmington, Michigan. Lane saw that many of the same obstacles remained, with the exception of the invention of the mobile home park. In the late 1960s Lane designed a mobile home park in Almont, Michigan which was unique because it had paved streets, parking, and landscaping.","The collection is arranged into five series, Brigham Building System, Lane Projects, Huron High School, Personal and World War II Military Service. The series include the many projects that Charles Wesley Lane worked on during his architectural career and some materials from his military service as well. The collection is composed of photographs, slides, microfilm, microfiche and prints. The researcher will be interested in the variety of architectural projects in which Lane was involved, which include schools, mobile homes, churches, and other types of structures. A small number of photographs of Nagasaki after the atomic bomb may also be of interest.","Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Architect based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Project files relate to work with George Brigham and his system of constructing prefabricated homes, 1944-1947; files relating to design and construction of Huron High School in Ann Arbor; other projects concern design of mobile home parks and other Michigan school buildings.","Bentley Historical Library","Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)","Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-","Brigham, George Bickford, 1889-","English","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["9840 Aa 2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"collection_ssim":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Ann Arbor (Mich.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.","Hawaii.","Houma (La.)","Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands, Japan)","Manila (Philippines)","Nagasaki-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Okinawa Island (Japan)","Wakayama-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945."],"geogname_ssim":["Ann Arbor (Mich.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.","Hawaii.","Houma (La.)","Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands, Japan)","Manila (Philippines)","Nagasaki-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Okinawa Island (Japan)","Wakayama-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945."],"creator_ssm":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"creator_ssim":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"creators_ssim":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"places_ssim":["Ann Arbor (Mich.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.","Hawaii.","Houma (La.)","Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands, Japan)","Manila (Philippines)","Nagasaki-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Okinawa Island (Japan)","Wakayama-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945."],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Charles Wesley Lane (donor  8716 ) in 1998; additions were received from the family in 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Architectural practice -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Architects -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Buildings, Prefabricated.","Mobile home parks -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","World War, 1939-1945.","Architectural drawings.","Iwo Jima, Battle of, Japan, 1945.","World War, 1939-1945.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","Military art and science.","Mobile homes.","Schools -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","War damage -- Japan -- Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands)","War damage -- Japan -- Nagasaki-Shi.","War damage -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","War damage -- Japan -- Wakayama-Shi.","War damage -- Philippines -- Manila.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Destruction and pillage.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military personnel.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military life.","Architectural drawings.","Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Architectural practice -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Architects -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Buildings, Prefabricated.","Mobile home parks -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","World War, 1939-1945.","Architectural drawings.","Iwo Jima, Battle of, Japan, 1945.","World War, 1939-1945.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","Military art and science.","Mobile homes.","Schools -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","War damage -- Japan -- Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands)","War damage -- Japan -- Nagasaki-Shi.","War damage -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","War damage -- Japan -- Wakayama-Shi.","War damage -- Philippines -- Manila.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Destruction and pillage.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military personnel.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military life.","Architectural drawings.","Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.5 linear feet in 6 boxes","7 oversize folders"],"extent_tesim":["4.5 linear feet in 6 boxes","7 oversize folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Architectural drawings.","Photographs."],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research, except for some files in box 2 that are restricted to staff use only.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research, except for some files in box 2 that are restricted to staff use only."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo further additions to the papers are expected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["No further additions to the papers are expected."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Wesley Lane was born in 1919. He began his career as an architect by working at construction sites during his summer breaks from the University of Michigan, from 1937 through 1941. He then worked for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on the MacArthur Lock in Sault St. Marie. Following Lane's graduation from the University of Michigan he served in World War II. He was in Louisiana for a short time, helping to supervise construction of a blimp hangar. He then began work as a Photo Interpretation officer and was part of the landing at Iwo Jima and Okinawa. He also spent some time in Nagasaki after the atomic bomb. Upon returning he went to work as an architect for George Brigham in Ann Arbor. Brigham's office was divided into two areas, research and production. Lane was assigned to work in research as an architect for Brigham's Progressive Homes Corporation (PHC). The goal of PHC was to design a completely prefabricated home that could be erected in eight hours (with the footings already in place) for the price of $1500. Brigham began the company with funders that included Eugene Cassaroll of Dual Motors. Lane describes the other investors as \"auto people from Detroit.\" The investors disassociated Brigham from the research division when his pace of development did not move along as quickly as they had hoped. The head of PHC was Ira E. \"Mickey\" Gillen, a former production manager for Chrysler Motors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Gillen and the investors acquired 100,000 square feet of space in Pine Bluff, Arkansas to manufacture their homes. Gillen arranged for the building supplies to come from a variety of companies across the U.S. In a reflection of Gillen's automotive background, he wanted the pieces of the houses brought to Arkansas and assembled as pieces of a car are brought to a central location to be assembled. Gillen set up dealerships for the houses in every state and in England, France and South America. In South America he had a contract for 10,000 homes and in California a naval station wanted 5,000 houses, if they were financed by the Federal Housing Administration. The first two manufactured homes were built in Indiana, then Wisconsin. At about the fifth or sixth house, the local authorities would not issue a building permit because the local plumbers union was against the use of stamped steel in the building. Gillen had the support of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) over the plumbers, but the FHA still would not finance the homes. This was the end of the company because no one would finance the building of the houses. Since 1947, 400 homes had come off of the assembly line. Those homes were built around Washington D.C. because of a contract the PHC had with the government, which the latter was forced to honor. By 1948, about 250 similar companies producing manufactured homes had sprung up around the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e After the failure of PHC, Lane went to work for the Walter Aneche firm in Ann Arbor; he worked at the firm from 1948 to 1952. Lane designed drawings for \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eGood Housekeeping\u003c/title\u003e and schools in Michigan. In 1952 Lane established his own firm in Ann Arbor with architects Alex Riebe and Keith Weiland. Lane developed a 24 x 36 steel sheet that was repetitive and was used in about 400 schools in Michigan. Lane designed many schools and residences throughout Michigan with his firm. The firm was hired in the 1960s to design Huron High School in Ann Arbor, Michigan. This was the largest, most unique school that he designed. He originally made 17 designs of the building, all which were rectangular in shape. In an effort to save money he created a circular design that reduced corridor space and cost. Lane was lauded for the unique design and budget reducing measures. In addition to the actual structure, Lane also made recommendations, which were followed, on where Huron Parkway should be placed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1971, shortly after the completion of Huron High School, Lane left his firm to pursue his interest in manufactured housing. Alex Riebe moved the firm to Farmington, Michigan. Lane saw that many of the same obstacles remained, with the exception of the invention of the mobile home park. In the late 1960s Lane designed a mobile home park in Almont, Michigan which was unique because it had paved streets, parking, and landscaping.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Wesley Lane was born in 1919. He began his career as an architect by working at construction sites during his summer breaks from the University of Michigan, from 1937 through 1941. He then worked for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on the MacArthur Lock in Sault St. Marie. Following Lane's graduation from the University of Michigan he served in World War II. He was in Louisiana for a short time, helping to supervise construction of a blimp hangar. He then began work as a Photo Interpretation officer and was part of the landing at Iwo Jima and Okinawa. He also spent some time in Nagasaki after the atomic bomb. Upon returning he went to work as an architect for George Brigham in Ann Arbor. Brigham's office was divided into two areas, research and production. Lane was assigned to work in research as an architect for Brigham's Progressive Homes Corporation (PHC). The goal of PHC was to design a completely prefabricated home that could be erected in eight hours (with the footings already in place) for the price of $1500. Brigham began the company with funders that included Eugene Cassaroll of Dual Motors. Lane describes the other investors as \"auto people from Detroit.\" The investors disassociated Brigham from the research division when his pace of development did not move along as quickly as they had hoped. The head of PHC was Ira E. \"Mickey\" Gillen, a former production manager for Chrysler Motors."," Gillen and the investors acquired 100,000 square feet of space in Pine Bluff, Arkansas to manufacture their homes. Gillen arranged for the building supplies to come from a variety of companies across the U.S. In a reflection of Gillen's automotive background, he wanted the pieces of the houses brought to Arkansas and assembled as pieces of a car are brought to a central location to be assembled. Gillen set up dealerships for the houses in every state and in England, France and South America. In South America he had a contract for 10,000 homes and in California a naval station wanted 5,000 houses, if they were financed by the Federal Housing Administration. The first two manufactured homes were built in Indiana, then Wisconsin. At about the fifth or sixth house, the local authorities would not issue a building permit because the local plumbers union was against the use of stamped steel in the building. Gillen had the support of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) over the plumbers, but the FHA still would not finance the homes. This was the end of the company because no one would finance the building of the houses. Since 1947, 400 homes had come off of the assembly line. Those homes were built around Washington D.C. because of a contract the PHC had with the government, which the latter was forced to honor. By 1948, about 250 similar companies producing manufactured homes had sprung up around the United States."," After the failure of PHC, Lane went to work for the Walter Aneche firm in Ann Arbor; he worked at the firm from 1948 to 1952. Lane designed drawings for  Good Housekeeping  and schools in Michigan. In 1952 Lane established his own firm in Ann Arbor with architects Alex Riebe and Keith Weiland. Lane developed a 24 x 36 steel sheet that was repetitive and was used in about 400 schools in Michigan. Lane designed many schools and residences throughout Michigan with his firm. The firm was hired in the 1960s to design Huron High School in Ann Arbor, Michigan. This was the largest, most unique school that he designed. He originally made 17 designs of the building, all which were rectangular in shape. In an effort to save money he created a circular design that reduced corridor space and cost. Lane was lauded for the unique design and budget reducing measures. In addition to the actual structure, Lane also made recommendations, which were followed, on where Huron Parkway should be placed."," In 1971, shortly after the completion of Huron High School, Lane left his firm to pursue his interest in manufactured housing. Alex Riebe moved the firm to Farmington, Michigan. Lane saw that many of the same obstacles remained, with the exception of the invention of the mobile home park. In the late 1960s Lane designed a mobile home park in Almont, Michigan which was unique because it had paved streets, parking, and landscaping."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item], folder, box, Charles W. Lane papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item], folder, box, Charles W. Lane papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into five series, Brigham Building System, Lane Projects, Huron High School, Personal and World War II Military Service. The series include the many projects that Charles Wesley Lane worked on during his architectural career and some materials from his military service as well. The collection is composed of photographs, slides, microfilm, microfiche and prints. The researcher will be interested in the variety of architectural projects in which Lane was involved, which include schools, mobile homes, churches, and other types of structures. A small number of photographs of Nagasaki after the atomic bomb may also be of interest.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection is arranged into five series, Brigham Building System, Lane Projects, Huron High School, Personal and World War II Military Service. The series include the many projects that Charles Wesley Lane worked on during his architectural career and some materials from his military service as well. The collection is composed of photographs, slides, microfilm, microfiche and prints. The researcher will be interested in the variety of architectural projects in which Lane was involved, which include schools, mobile homes, churches, and other types of structures. A small number of photographs of Nagasaki after the atomic bomb may also be of interest."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1711e8ec6440e36b108652ca8e44f52e\"\u003eArchitect based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Project files relate to work with George Brigham and his system of constructing prefabricated homes, 1944-1947; files relating to design and construction of Huron High School in Ann Arbor; other projects concern design of mobile home parks and other Michigan school buildings.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Architect based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Project files relate to work with George Brigham and his system of constructing prefabricated homes, 1944-1947; files relating to design and construction of Huron High School in Ann Arbor; other projects concern design of mobile home parks and other Michigan school buildings."],"names_coll_ssim":["Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)","Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)","Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-","Brigham, George Bickford, 1889-","Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)","Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-","Brigham, George Bickford, 1889-"],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)"],"persname_ssim":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-","Brigham, George Bickford, 1889-"],"language_ssim":["English","The material is in  English"],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":135,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-9840","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:24:36.652Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-9840_aspace_3cdda0cea6fa8110223088056cbece77"}},{"id":"ahstephens_aspace_ref88_uky","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Clippings, 1860-1861, 1870, 1911, undated","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ahstephens_aspace_ref88_uky#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_ref88_uky","ref_ssm":["aspace_ref88_uky","aspace_ref88_uky"],"id":"ahstephens_aspace_ref88_uky","title_filing_ssi":"Clippings, 1860-1861, 1870, 1911, undated","title_ssm":["Clippings, 1860-1861, 1870, 1911, undated"],"title_tesim":["Clippings, 1860-1861, 1870, 1911, undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clippings, 1860-1861, 1870, 1911, undated"],"text":["Clippings, 1860-1861, 1870, 1911, undated","Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","Printed Materials, 1860-1883","box 7"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["ahstephens","aspace_ref85_bn9"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_ref85_bn9","parent_ids_ssim":["ahstephens","ahstephens_aspace_ref85_bn9"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","Printed Materials, 1860-1883"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","Printed Materials, 1860-1883"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"collection_ssim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":69,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\":\"Clippings, 1860-1861, 1870, 1911, undated, letter 3954\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3tb0z39z\"}","{\"label\":\"Clippings, 1860-1861, 1870, 1911, undated, letter 3955\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3m32nk14\"}","{\"label\":\"Clippings, 1860-1861, 1870, 1911, undated, letter 3956\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3377646z\"}","{\"label\":\"Clippings, 1860-1861, 1870, 1911, undated, letter 3957\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r32r3p63j\"}","{\"label\":\"Clippings, 1860-1861, 1870, 1911, undated, letter 3958\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3bc3t61x\"}","{\"label\":\"Clippings, 1860-1861, 1870, 1911, undated, letter 3959\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3qn5zm69\"}","{\"label\":\"Clippings, 1860-1861, 1870, 1911, undated, letter 3960\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3kw57t2j\"}","{\"label\":\"Clippings, 1860-1861, 1870, 1911, undated, letter 3961\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3g44j06j\"}","{\"label\":\"Clippings, 1860-1861, 1870, 1911, undated, letter 3962\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r36m33c7j\"}"],"containers_ssim":["box 7"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#1","_nest_parent_":"ahstephens_aspace_ref85_bn9","_root_":"ahstephens","timestamp":"2025-02-18T22:57:49.296Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"ahstephens","title_ssm":["Alexander H. Stephens papers"],"title_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers"],"ead_ssi":"ahstephens","unitdate_ssm":["1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RL.10096"],"text":["RL.10096","Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees","Slavery -- Georgia","Collection is open for research.","Alexander Hamilton Stephens was born in Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia on\n        February 11, 1812 to Andrew B. and Margaret Grier Stephens. He graduated from Franklin\n        College (later the University of Georgia) in 1832, where he was a member of the Phi Kappa\n        Literary Society. He taught school for the next eighteen months while pursuing legal studies\n        and passed the bar in Georgia in 1834. Stephens maintained a successful law practice for\n        thirty-two years while simultaneously serving as an elected official in both state and\n        federal political realms and as Vice President of the Confederate States of America. He died\n        in 1883.","Chronology List 1836 Elected to the Georgia House of Representatives as a Whig; served until\n              1840 1842 Elected to the Georgia State Senate; served for one year. 1843 Elected to the United States Congress; served until 1859 1861 Elected to attend the Secession Convention of Georgia 1861 Elected Vice President of the Confederate States of America 1865 Arrested by the United States; served five months in prison 1866 Elected to the United States Senate but not allowed to take his seat 1873 Elected to United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of\n              Ambrose R. Wright; served until his resignation in 1882 1882 Elected Governor of Georgia 1883, March 4 Died in Georgia","Processed by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Encoded by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Multiple accessions were merged into one collection, described in this finding aid.","John Jordan Crittenden Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library Alfred Gumming\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Marmaduke Hamilton\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Paul Hamilton Hayne\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Alexander Hamilton Stephens Letters,\n            Microfilm, Manhattanville College David M.\n            Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","The collection includes correspondence, bills and receipts, financial papers, legal papers,\n        political papers, clippings and printed material and ranges in date from 1823-1954, with the\n        bulk dated 1823-1883. Due to preservation concerns, some items were copied onto acid-free\n        paper and stamped as preservation copies. The originals were placed in mylar and are located\n        in Box 7. Patrons should consult with Rubenstein Library staff before handling these\n        materials.","The vast majority of the collection is comprised of correspondence, covering the years\n        1823-1883. Many of the letters in the collection were written to Stephens, although there\n        are letters written in his own hand. Throughout the correspondence are letters written to\n        Stephens by various family members, most notably his brothers John and Linton. The bulk of\n        the correspondence pertains to Stephens' law work, regarding issues such as the settling of\n        estates and the collection of debts. The most prominent topics include family matters,\n        business and legal matters and Stephens' health. Given the expansive amount of\n        correspondence, below is a breakdown by decade of other topics which appear, in an effort to\n        assist the researcher in locating materials of interest:","Correspondence 1823-1839: Topics include States' Rights, slavery, and an Indian war in\n        Florida [possibly the Creek War]. There is a letter from Herschel V. Johnson who sought\n        advice from Stephens in 1839 regarding negotiations with a railroad company.","Correspondence 1840-1849: Topics include local and national politics/views, opinions about\n        President Martin Van Buren, \"agricultural politics,\" Thomas Dorr and the People's Party, the\n        purchasing of slaves, the 1843 Boston visit of President John Tyler and Vice President\n        Daniel Webster, Stephens' nomination to serve in the U. S. Congress, Whigs and Democrats\n        (Stephens was invited to attend several Whig-sponsored barbeques), and the death of\n        Stephens' brother Aaron. There is a letter from United States Representative Marshall\n        Johnson Wellborn which discusses the Judiciary Act (1841). There are also a substantial\n        number of letters written by and to John Bird and letters written to him and Stephens (they\n        were likely law partners). Of note are two letters written in 1844 by [Sarvis] Pearson\n        (presumably a client of Stephens or his firm) to his estranged wife Mary S. Pearson which\n        offer insight into the subject of divorce and marital discord of the time period.","Correspondence 1850-1859: Letters written by Stephens start to appear more frequently.\n        Topics include largely family and legal matters.","Correspondence 1860-1869: Topics include employment inquiries both pre- and post-Civil War,\n        autograph requests, Stephens' book about the Civil War, and the social history of a\n        post-Civil War Georgia. Items of note: There are petitions (1860) by Stephens' district\n        constituents asking him to address them about the presidential election. There are letters\n        asking him for permission to travel into the Union. There are a couple of letters written by\n        Stephens to Jefferson Davis. There is a letter from March 1860 to Pearce Stevons [Stephens]\n        by Rody Jordan, both of whom were not only brothers but slaves as well. The letter is likely\n        written by someone other than Jordan. A letter to Stephens in October 1866 states that his\n        former slave Pearce was charged with murder and asks for Stephens' legal counsel at Pearce's\n        request (he apparently complied based on a letter from 1869).","Correspondence 1870-1879: Topics include requests for employment and financial help,\n        requests for letters of recommendation, Linton Stephens' death, Stephens' paper the  Daily and Weekly Sun , the federal government, autograph requests,\n        and Stephens' work with the Committee on Standard Weights and Measures. Item of note: There\n        are documents from 1873 concerning an illegal distilling and corruption case in Georgia.","Correspondence 1880-1883: Topics includes Stephens' opinion of President James A. Garfield,\n        his bid for Governor, requests for financial help and letters of recommendation for men\n        interested in state posts appointed by the Governor, such as Physician of the Georgia\n        Penitentiary. Items of note: There is a letter dated 1883 signed by Secretary of War, Robert\n        Todd Lincoln. There are two letters from 1882 which offer some insight into African-American\n        involvement in Georgia politics.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library.","Alexander H. Stephens (1812-1883) was a\n        Georgia lawyer, politician and Vice President of the Confederate States of\n        America.","The collection includes a large amount\n        of correspondence as well as bills/receipts, financial papers, legal papers, political\n        papers, clippings and printed material. It ranges in date from 1823 to 1954, with the bulk\n        covering 1823-1883.","For current information on the location\n        of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog.","David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926","English"],"unitid_tesim":["RL.10096"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"collection_ssim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"repository_ssm":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"repository_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees"],"creator_ssm":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"creator_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"creators_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Alexander H. Stephens Papers were received by the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n        Manuscript Library as purchases between 1946-1962."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery -- Georgia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery -- Georgia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["8 Linear Feet","approx. 3,000\n          Items"],"extent_tesim":["8 Linear Feet","approx. 3,000\n          Items"],"date_range_isim":[1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexander Hamilton Stephens was born in Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia on\n        February 11, 1812 to Andrew B. and Margaret Grier Stephens. He graduated from Franklin\n        College (later the University of Georgia) in 1832, where he was a member of the Phi Kappa\n        Literary Society. He taught school for the next eighteen months while pursuing legal studies\n        and passed the bar in Georgia in 1834. Stephens maintained a successful law practice for\n        thirty-two years while simultaneously serving as an elected official in both state and\n        federal political realms and as Vice President of the Confederate States of America. He died\n        in 1883.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cchronlist\u003e\n        \u003chead\u003eChronology List\u003c/head\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1836\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the Georgia House of Representatives as a Whig; served until\n              1840\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1842\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the Georgia State Senate; served for one year.\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1843\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the United States Congress; served until 1859\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1861\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to attend the Secession Convention of Georgia\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1861\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected Vice President of the Confederate States of America\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1865\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eArrested by the United States; served five months in prison\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1866\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the United States Senate but not allowed to take his seat\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1873\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of\n              Ambrose R. Wright; served until his resignation in 1882\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1882\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected Governor of Georgia\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1883, March 4\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eDied in Georgia\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003c/chronlist\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alexander Hamilton Stephens was born in Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia on\n        February 11, 1812 to Andrew B. and Margaret Grier Stephens. He graduated from Franklin\n        College (later the University of Georgia) in 1832, where he was a member of the Phi Kappa\n        Literary Society. He taught school for the next eighteen months while pursuing legal studies\n        and passed the bar in Georgia in 1834. Stephens maintained a successful law practice for\n        thirty-two years while simultaneously serving as an elected official in both state and\n        federal political realms and as Vice President of the Confederate States of America. He died\n        in 1883.","Chronology List 1836 Elected to the Georgia House of Representatives as a Whig; served until\n              1840 1842 Elected to the Georgia State Senate; served for one year. 1843 Elected to the United States Congress; served until 1859 1861 Elected to attend the Secession Convention of Georgia 1861 Elected Vice President of the Confederate States of America 1865 Arrested by the United States; served five months in prison 1866 Elected to the United States Senate but not allowed to take his seat 1873 Elected to United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of\n              Ambrose R. Wright; served until his resignation in 1882 1882 Elected Governor of Georgia 1883, March 4 Died in Georgia"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Alexander H. Stephens Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n        Manuscript Library\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Alexander H. Stephens Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n        Manuscript Library"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Kimberly Sims, November 2008\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by Kimberly Sims, November 2008\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMultiple accessions were merged into one collection, described in this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Encoded by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Multiple accessions were merged into one collection, described in this finding aid."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eJohn Jordan Crittenden Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eAlfred Gumming\n            Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n            Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eMarmaduke Hamilton\n            Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n            Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003ePaul Hamilton Hayne\n            Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n            Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eAlexander Hamilton Stephens Letters,\n            Microfilm, Manhattanville College\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M.\n            Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["John Jordan Crittenden Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library Alfred Gumming\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Marmaduke Hamilton\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Paul Hamilton Hayne\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Alexander Hamilton Stephens Letters,\n            Microfilm, Manhattanville College David M.\n            Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes correspondence, bills and receipts, financial papers, legal papers,\n        political papers, clippings and printed material and ranges in date from 1823-1954, with the\n        bulk dated 1823-1883. Due to preservation concerns, some items were copied onto acid-free\n        paper and stamped as preservation copies. The originals were placed in mylar and are located\n        in Box 7. Patrons should consult with Rubenstein Library staff before handling these\n        materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe vast majority of the collection is comprised of correspondence, covering the years\n        1823-1883. Many of the letters in the collection were written to Stephens, although there\n        are letters written in his own hand. Throughout the correspondence are letters written to\n        Stephens by various family members, most notably his brothers John and Linton. The bulk of\n        the correspondence pertains to Stephens' law work, regarding issues such as the settling of\n        estates and the collection of debts. The most prominent topics include family matters,\n        business and legal matters and Stephens' health. Given the expansive amount of\n        correspondence, below is a breakdown by decade of other topics which appear, in an effort to\n        assist the researcher in locating materials of interest:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1823-1839: Topics include States' Rights, slavery, and an Indian war in\n        Florida [possibly the Creek War]. There is a letter from Herschel V. Johnson who sought\n        advice from Stephens in 1839 regarding negotiations with a railroad company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1840-1849: Topics include local and national politics/views, opinions about\n        President Martin Van Buren, \"agricultural politics,\" Thomas Dorr and the People's Party, the\n        purchasing of slaves, the 1843 Boston visit of President John Tyler and Vice President\n        Daniel Webster, Stephens' nomination to serve in the U. S. Congress, Whigs and Democrats\n        (Stephens was invited to attend several Whig-sponsored barbeques), and the death of\n        Stephens' brother Aaron. There is a letter from United States Representative Marshall\n        Johnson Wellborn which discusses the Judiciary Act (1841). There are also a substantial\n        number of letters written by and to John Bird and letters written to him and Stephens (they\n        were likely law partners). Of note are two letters written in 1844 by [Sarvis] Pearson\n        (presumably a client of Stephens or his firm) to his estranged wife Mary S. Pearson which\n        offer insight into the subject of divorce and marital discord of the time period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1850-1859: Letters written by Stephens start to appear more frequently.\n        Topics include largely family and legal matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1860-1869: Topics include employment inquiries both pre- and post-Civil War,\n        autograph requests, Stephens' book about the Civil War, and the social history of a\n        post-Civil War Georgia. Items of note: There are petitions (1860) by Stephens' district\n        constituents asking him to address them about the presidential election. There are letters\n        asking him for permission to travel into the Union. There are a couple of letters written by\n        Stephens to Jefferson Davis. There is a letter from March 1860 to Pearce Stevons [Stephens]\n        by Rody Jordan, both of whom were not only brothers but slaves as well. The letter is likely\n        written by someone other than Jordan. A letter to Stephens in October 1866 states that his\n        former slave Pearce was charged with murder and asks for Stephens' legal counsel at Pearce's\n        request (he apparently complied based on a letter from 1869).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1870-1879: Topics include requests for employment and financial help,\n        requests for letters of recommendation, Linton Stephens' death, Stephens' paper the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily and Weekly Sun\u003c/title\u003e, the federal government, autograph requests,\n        and Stephens' work with the Committee on Standard Weights and Measures. Item of note: There\n        are documents from 1873 concerning an illegal distilling and corruption case in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1880-1883: Topics includes Stephens' opinion of President James A. Garfield,\n        his bid for Governor, requests for financial help and letters of recommendation for men\n        interested in state posts appointed by the Governor, such as Physician of the Georgia\n        Penitentiary. Items of note: There is a letter dated 1883 signed by Secretary of War, Robert\n        Todd Lincoln. There are two letters from 1882 which offer some insight into African-American\n        involvement in Georgia politics.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Collection Overview"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes correspondence, bills and receipts, financial papers, legal papers,\n        political papers, clippings and printed material and ranges in date from 1823-1954, with the\n        bulk dated 1823-1883. Due to preservation concerns, some items were copied onto acid-free\n        paper and stamped as preservation copies. The originals were placed in mylar and are located\n        in Box 7. Patrons should consult with Rubenstein Library staff before handling these\n        materials.","The vast majority of the collection is comprised of correspondence, covering the years\n        1823-1883. Many of the letters in the collection were written to Stephens, although there\n        are letters written in his own hand. Throughout the correspondence are letters written to\n        Stephens by various family members, most notably his brothers John and Linton. The bulk of\n        the correspondence pertains to Stephens' law work, regarding issues such as the settling of\n        estates and the collection of debts. The most prominent topics include family matters,\n        business and legal matters and Stephens' health. Given the expansive amount of\n        correspondence, below is a breakdown by decade of other topics which appear, in an effort to\n        assist the researcher in locating materials of interest:","Correspondence 1823-1839: Topics include States' Rights, slavery, and an Indian war in\n        Florida [possibly the Creek War]. There is a letter from Herschel V. Johnson who sought\n        advice from Stephens in 1839 regarding negotiations with a railroad company.","Correspondence 1840-1849: Topics include local and national politics/views, opinions about\n        President Martin Van Buren, \"agricultural politics,\" Thomas Dorr and the People's Party, the\n        purchasing of slaves, the 1843 Boston visit of President John Tyler and Vice President\n        Daniel Webster, Stephens' nomination to serve in the U. S. Congress, Whigs and Democrats\n        (Stephens was invited to attend several Whig-sponsored barbeques), and the death of\n        Stephens' brother Aaron. There is a letter from United States Representative Marshall\n        Johnson Wellborn which discusses the Judiciary Act (1841). There are also a substantial\n        number of letters written by and to John Bird and letters written to him and Stephens (they\n        were likely law partners). Of note are two letters written in 1844 by [Sarvis] Pearson\n        (presumably a client of Stephens or his firm) to his estranged wife Mary S. Pearson which\n        offer insight into the subject of divorce and marital discord of the time period.","Correspondence 1850-1859: Letters written by Stephens start to appear more frequently.\n        Topics include largely family and legal matters.","Correspondence 1860-1869: Topics include employment inquiries both pre- and post-Civil War,\n        autograph requests, Stephens' book about the Civil War, and the social history of a\n        post-Civil War Georgia. Items of note: There are petitions (1860) by Stephens' district\n        constituents asking him to address them about the presidential election. There are letters\n        asking him for permission to travel into the Union. There are a couple of letters written by\n        Stephens to Jefferson Davis. There is a letter from March 1860 to Pearce Stevons [Stephens]\n        by Rody Jordan, both of whom were not only brothers but slaves as well. The letter is likely\n        written by someone other than Jordan. A letter to Stephens in October 1866 states that his\n        former slave Pearce was charged with murder and asks for Stephens' legal counsel at Pearce's\n        request (he apparently complied based on a letter from 1869).","Correspondence 1870-1879: Topics include requests for employment and financial help,\n        requests for letters of recommendation, Linton Stephens' death, Stephens' paper the  Daily and Weekly Sun , the federal government, autograph requests,\n        and Stephens' work with the Committee on Standard Weights and Measures. Item of note: There\n        are documents from 1873 concerning an illegal distilling and corruption case in Georgia.","Correspondence 1880-1883: Topics includes Stephens' opinion of President James A. Garfield,\n        his bid for Governor, requests for financial help and letters of recommendation for men\n        interested in state posts appointed by the Governor, such as Physician of the Georgia\n        Penitentiary. Items of note: There is a letter dated 1883 signed by Secretary of War, Robert\n        Todd Lincoln. There are two letters from 1882 which offer some insight into African-American\n        involvement in Georgia politics."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Notice"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_849632dcb81574966843dcbe5b428838\"\u003eAlexander H. Stephens (1812-1883) was a\n        Georgia lawyer, politician and Vice President of the Confederate States of\n        America.\u003c/abstract\u003e","\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c9c5c1283c14f11d61a94c6bb6711c7a\"\u003eThe collection includes a large amount\n        of correspondence as well as bills/receipts, financial papers, legal papers, political\n        papers, clippings and printed material. It ranges in date from 1823 to 1954, with the bulk\n        covering 1823-1883.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens (1812-1883) was a\n        Georgia lawyer, politician and Vice President of the Confederate States of\n        America.","The collection includes a large amount\n        of correspondence as well as bills/receipts, financial papers, legal papers, political\n        papers, clippings and printed material. It ranges in date from 1823 to 1954, with the bulk\n        covering 1823-1883."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_38e97c13005bd86e481006cee204cb70\"\u003eFor current information on the location\n        of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["For current information on the location\n        of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog."],"names_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926"],"corpname_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926"],"persname_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":73,"online_item_count_is":4055,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"ahstephens","timestamp":"2025-02-18T22:57:49.296Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ahstephens_aspace_ref88_uky"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-9840_aspace_66879dbca91ba8f4824a9f50d5af877a","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Clippings, 1960-1967","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-9840_aspace_66879dbca91ba8f4824a9f50d5af877a#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_66879dbca91ba8f4824a9f50d5af877a","ref_ssm":["aspace_66879dbca91ba8f4824a9f50d5af877a","aspace_66879dbca91ba8f4824a9f50d5af877a"],"id":"umich-bhl-9840_aspace_66879dbca91ba8f4824a9f50d5af877a","title_filing_ssi":"Clippings","title_ssm":["Clippings"],"title_tesim":["Clippings"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1960-1967"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1960-1967"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clippings, 1960-1967"],"text":["Clippings, 1960-1967","Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969","Lane Projects","Schools","Miscellaneous Schools","box 1"],"component_level_isim":[4],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-9840","aspace_2a85f49ecaa452b96278d524dd0bed54","aspace_72b3720b9057c27bd56bbb0f97b15b76","aspace_25de279d3ae55c748e134f4720e0e0ce"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_25de279d3ae55c748e134f4720e0e0ce","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-9840","umich-bhl-9840_aspace_2a85f49ecaa452b96278d524dd0bed54","umich-bhl-9840_aspace_72b3720b9057c27bd56bbb0f97b15b76","umich-bhl-9840_aspace_25de279d3ae55c748e134f4720e0e0ce"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969","Lane Projects","Schools","Miscellaneous Schools"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969","Lane Projects","Schools","Miscellaneous Schools"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","File","File"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":65,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to research, except for some files in box 2 that are restricted to staff use only."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"date_range_isim":[1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967],"containers_ssim":["box 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#2/components#14/components#0","_nest_parent_":"umich-bhl-9840_aspace_25de279d3ae55c748e134f4720e0e0ce","_root_":"umich-bhl-9840","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:24:36.652Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-9840","title_ssm":["Charles W. Lane papers"],"title_tesim":["Charles W. Lane papers"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-9840","unitdate_ssm":["1935-1997","1958-1969"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1958-1969"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1935-1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["9840 Aa 2"],"text":["9840 Aa 2","Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969","Ann Arbor (Mich.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.","Hawaii.","Houma (La.)","Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands, Japan)","Manila (Philippines)","Nagasaki-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Okinawa Island (Japan)","Wakayama-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Architectural practice -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Architects -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Buildings, Prefabricated.","Mobile home parks -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","World War, 1939-1945.","Architectural drawings.","Iwo Jima, Battle of, Japan, 1945.","World War, 1939-1945.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","Military art and science.","Mobile homes.","Schools -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","War damage -- Japan -- Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands)","War damage -- Japan -- Nagasaki-Shi.","War damage -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","War damage -- Japan -- Wakayama-Shi.","War damage -- Philippines -- Manila.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Destruction and pillage.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military personnel.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military life.","Architectural drawings.","Photographs.","The collection is open to research, except for some files in box 2 that are restricted to staff use only.","No further additions to the papers are expected.","Charles Wesley Lane was born in 1919. He began his career as an architect by working at construction sites during his summer breaks from the University of Michigan, from 1937 through 1941. He then worked for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on the MacArthur Lock in Sault St. Marie. Following Lane's graduation from the University of Michigan he served in World War II. He was in Louisiana for a short time, helping to supervise construction of a blimp hangar. He then began work as a Photo Interpretation officer and was part of the landing at Iwo Jima and Okinawa. He also spent some time in Nagasaki after the atomic bomb. Upon returning he went to work as an architect for George Brigham in Ann Arbor. Brigham's office was divided into two areas, research and production. Lane was assigned to work in research as an architect for Brigham's Progressive Homes Corporation (PHC). The goal of PHC was to design a completely prefabricated home that could be erected in eight hours (with the footings already in place) for the price of $1500. Brigham began the company with funders that included Eugene Cassaroll of Dual Motors. Lane describes the other investors as \"auto people from Detroit.\" The investors disassociated Brigham from the research division when his pace of development did not move along as quickly as they had hoped. The head of PHC was Ira E. \"Mickey\" Gillen, a former production manager for Chrysler Motors."," Gillen and the investors acquired 100,000 square feet of space in Pine Bluff, Arkansas to manufacture their homes. Gillen arranged for the building supplies to come from a variety of companies across the U.S. In a reflection of Gillen's automotive background, he wanted the pieces of the houses brought to Arkansas and assembled as pieces of a car are brought to a central location to be assembled. Gillen set up dealerships for the houses in every state and in England, France and South America. In South America he had a contract for 10,000 homes and in California a naval station wanted 5,000 houses, if they were financed by the Federal Housing Administration. The first two manufactured homes were built in Indiana, then Wisconsin. At about the fifth or sixth house, the local authorities would not issue a building permit because the local plumbers union was against the use of stamped steel in the building. Gillen had the support of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) over the plumbers, but the FHA still would not finance the homes. This was the end of the company because no one would finance the building of the houses. Since 1947, 400 homes had come off of the assembly line. Those homes were built around Washington D.C. because of a contract the PHC had with the government, which the latter was forced to honor. By 1948, about 250 similar companies producing manufactured homes had sprung up around the United States."," After the failure of PHC, Lane went to work for the Walter Aneche firm in Ann Arbor; he worked at the firm from 1948 to 1952. Lane designed drawings for  Good Housekeeping  and schools in Michigan. In 1952 Lane established his own firm in Ann Arbor with architects Alex Riebe and Keith Weiland. Lane developed a 24 x 36 steel sheet that was repetitive and was used in about 400 schools in Michigan. Lane designed many schools and residences throughout Michigan with his firm. The firm was hired in the 1960s to design Huron High School in Ann Arbor, Michigan. This was the largest, most unique school that he designed. He originally made 17 designs of the building, all which were rectangular in shape. In an effort to save money he created a circular design that reduced corridor space and cost. Lane was lauded for the unique design and budget reducing measures. In addition to the actual structure, Lane also made recommendations, which were followed, on where Huron Parkway should be placed."," In 1971, shortly after the completion of Huron High School, Lane left his firm to pursue his interest in manufactured housing. Alex Riebe moved the firm to Farmington, Michigan. Lane saw that many of the same obstacles remained, with the exception of the invention of the mobile home park. In the late 1960s Lane designed a mobile home park in Almont, Michigan which was unique because it had paved streets, parking, and landscaping.","The collection is arranged into five series, Brigham Building System, Lane Projects, Huron High School, Personal and World War II Military Service. The series include the many projects that Charles Wesley Lane worked on during his architectural career and some materials from his military service as well. The collection is composed of photographs, slides, microfilm, microfiche and prints. The researcher will be interested in the variety of architectural projects in which Lane was involved, which include schools, mobile homes, churches, and other types of structures. A small number of photographs of Nagasaki after the atomic bomb may also be of interest.","Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Architect based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Project files relate to work with George Brigham and his system of constructing prefabricated homes, 1944-1947; files relating to design and construction of Huron High School in Ann Arbor; other projects concern design of mobile home parks and other Michigan school buildings.","Bentley Historical Library","Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)","Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-","Brigham, George Bickford, 1889-","English","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["9840 Aa 2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"collection_ssim":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Ann Arbor (Mich.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.","Hawaii.","Houma (La.)","Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands, Japan)","Manila (Philippines)","Nagasaki-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Okinawa Island (Japan)","Wakayama-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945."],"geogname_ssim":["Ann Arbor (Mich.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.","Hawaii.","Houma (La.)","Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands, Japan)","Manila (Philippines)","Nagasaki-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Okinawa Island (Japan)","Wakayama-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945."],"creator_ssm":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"creator_ssim":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"creators_ssim":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"places_ssim":["Ann Arbor (Mich.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.","Hawaii.","Houma (La.)","Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands, Japan)","Manila (Philippines)","Nagasaki-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Okinawa Island (Japan)","Wakayama-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945."],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Charles Wesley Lane (donor  8716 ) in 1998; additions were received from the family in 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Architectural practice -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Architects -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Buildings, Prefabricated.","Mobile home parks -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","World War, 1939-1945.","Architectural drawings.","Iwo Jima, Battle of, Japan, 1945.","World War, 1939-1945.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","Military art and science.","Mobile homes.","Schools -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","War damage -- Japan -- Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands)","War damage -- Japan -- Nagasaki-Shi.","War damage -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","War damage -- Japan -- Wakayama-Shi.","War damage -- Philippines -- Manila.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Destruction and pillage.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military personnel.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military life.","Architectural drawings.","Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Architectural practice -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Architects -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Buildings, Prefabricated.","Mobile home parks -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","World War, 1939-1945.","Architectural drawings.","Iwo Jima, Battle of, Japan, 1945.","World War, 1939-1945.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","Military art and science.","Mobile homes.","Schools -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","War damage -- Japan -- Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands)","War damage -- Japan -- Nagasaki-Shi.","War damage -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","War damage -- Japan -- Wakayama-Shi.","War damage -- Philippines -- Manila.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Destruction and pillage.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military personnel.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military life.","Architectural drawings.","Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.5 linear feet in 6 boxes","7 oversize folders"],"extent_tesim":["4.5 linear feet in 6 boxes","7 oversize folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Architectural drawings.","Photographs."],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research, except for some files in box 2 that are restricted to staff use only.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research, except for some files in box 2 that are restricted to staff use only."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo further additions to the papers are expected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["No further additions to the papers are expected."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Wesley Lane was born in 1919. He began his career as an architect by working at construction sites during his summer breaks from the University of Michigan, from 1937 through 1941. He then worked for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on the MacArthur Lock in Sault St. Marie. Following Lane's graduation from the University of Michigan he served in World War II. He was in Louisiana for a short time, helping to supervise construction of a blimp hangar. He then began work as a Photo Interpretation officer and was part of the landing at Iwo Jima and Okinawa. He also spent some time in Nagasaki after the atomic bomb. Upon returning he went to work as an architect for George Brigham in Ann Arbor. Brigham's office was divided into two areas, research and production. Lane was assigned to work in research as an architect for Brigham's Progressive Homes Corporation (PHC). The goal of PHC was to design a completely prefabricated home that could be erected in eight hours (with the footings already in place) for the price of $1500. Brigham began the company with funders that included Eugene Cassaroll of Dual Motors. Lane describes the other investors as \"auto people from Detroit.\" The investors disassociated Brigham from the research division when his pace of development did not move along as quickly as they had hoped. The head of PHC was Ira E. \"Mickey\" Gillen, a former production manager for Chrysler Motors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Gillen and the investors acquired 100,000 square feet of space in Pine Bluff, Arkansas to manufacture their homes. Gillen arranged for the building supplies to come from a variety of companies across the U.S. In a reflection of Gillen's automotive background, he wanted the pieces of the houses brought to Arkansas and assembled as pieces of a car are brought to a central location to be assembled. Gillen set up dealerships for the houses in every state and in England, France and South America. In South America he had a contract for 10,000 homes and in California a naval station wanted 5,000 houses, if they were financed by the Federal Housing Administration. The first two manufactured homes were built in Indiana, then Wisconsin. At about the fifth or sixth house, the local authorities would not issue a building permit because the local plumbers union was against the use of stamped steel in the building. Gillen had the support of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) over the plumbers, but the FHA still would not finance the homes. This was the end of the company because no one would finance the building of the houses. Since 1947, 400 homes had come off of the assembly line. Those homes were built around Washington D.C. because of a contract the PHC had with the government, which the latter was forced to honor. By 1948, about 250 similar companies producing manufactured homes had sprung up around the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e After the failure of PHC, Lane went to work for the Walter Aneche firm in Ann Arbor; he worked at the firm from 1948 to 1952. Lane designed drawings for \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eGood Housekeeping\u003c/title\u003e and schools in Michigan. In 1952 Lane established his own firm in Ann Arbor with architects Alex Riebe and Keith Weiland. Lane developed a 24 x 36 steel sheet that was repetitive and was used in about 400 schools in Michigan. Lane designed many schools and residences throughout Michigan with his firm. The firm was hired in the 1960s to design Huron High School in Ann Arbor, Michigan. This was the largest, most unique school that he designed. He originally made 17 designs of the building, all which were rectangular in shape. In an effort to save money he created a circular design that reduced corridor space and cost. Lane was lauded for the unique design and budget reducing measures. In addition to the actual structure, Lane also made recommendations, which were followed, on where Huron Parkway should be placed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1971, shortly after the completion of Huron High School, Lane left his firm to pursue his interest in manufactured housing. Alex Riebe moved the firm to Farmington, Michigan. Lane saw that many of the same obstacles remained, with the exception of the invention of the mobile home park. In the late 1960s Lane designed a mobile home park in Almont, Michigan which was unique because it had paved streets, parking, and landscaping.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Wesley Lane was born in 1919. He began his career as an architect by working at construction sites during his summer breaks from the University of Michigan, from 1937 through 1941. He then worked for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on the MacArthur Lock in Sault St. Marie. Following Lane's graduation from the University of Michigan he served in World War II. He was in Louisiana for a short time, helping to supervise construction of a blimp hangar. He then began work as a Photo Interpretation officer and was part of the landing at Iwo Jima and Okinawa. He also spent some time in Nagasaki after the atomic bomb. Upon returning he went to work as an architect for George Brigham in Ann Arbor. Brigham's office was divided into two areas, research and production. Lane was assigned to work in research as an architect for Brigham's Progressive Homes Corporation (PHC). The goal of PHC was to design a completely prefabricated home that could be erected in eight hours (with the footings already in place) for the price of $1500. Brigham began the company with funders that included Eugene Cassaroll of Dual Motors. Lane describes the other investors as \"auto people from Detroit.\" The investors disassociated Brigham from the research division when his pace of development did not move along as quickly as they had hoped. The head of PHC was Ira E. \"Mickey\" Gillen, a former production manager for Chrysler Motors."," Gillen and the investors acquired 100,000 square feet of space in Pine Bluff, Arkansas to manufacture their homes. Gillen arranged for the building supplies to come from a variety of companies across the U.S. In a reflection of Gillen's automotive background, he wanted the pieces of the houses brought to Arkansas and assembled as pieces of a car are brought to a central location to be assembled. Gillen set up dealerships for the houses in every state and in England, France and South America. In South America he had a contract for 10,000 homes and in California a naval station wanted 5,000 houses, if they were financed by the Federal Housing Administration. The first two manufactured homes were built in Indiana, then Wisconsin. At about the fifth or sixth house, the local authorities would not issue a building permit because the local plumbers union was against the use of stamped steel in the building. Gillen had the support of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) over the plumbers, but the FHA still would not finance the homes. This was the end of the company because no one would finance the building of the houses. Since 1947, 400 homes had come off of the assembly line. Those homes were built around Washington D.C. because of a contract the PHC had with the government, which the latter was forced to honor. By 1948, about 250 similar companies producing manufactured homes had sprung up around the United States."," After the failure of PHC, Lane went to work for the Walter Aneche firm in Ann Arbor; he worked at the firm from 1948 to 1952. Lane designed drawings for  Good Housekeeping  and schools in Michigan. In 1952 Lane established his own firm in Ann Arbor with architects Alex Riebe and Keith Weiland. Lane developed a 24 x 36 steel sheet that was repetitive and was used in about 400 schools in Michigan. Lane designed many schools and residences throughout Michigan with his firm. The firm was hired in the 1960s to design Huron High School in Ann Arbor, Michigan. This was the largest, most unique school that he designed. He originally made 17 designs of the building, all which were rectangular in shape. In an effort to save money he created a circular design that reduced corridor space and cost. Lane was lauded for the unique design and budget reducing measures. In addition to the actual structure, Lane also made recommendations, which were followed, on where Huron Parkway should be placed."," In 1971, shortly after the completion of Huron High School, Lane left his firm to pursue his interest in manufactured housing. Alex Riebe moved the firm to Farmington, Michigan. Lane saw that many of the same obstacles remained, with the exception of the invention of the mobile home park. In the late 1960s Lane designed a mobile home park in Almont, Michigan which was unique because it had paved streets, parking, and landscaping."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item], folder, box, Charles W. Lane papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item], folder, box, Charles W. Lane papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into five series, Brigham Building System, Lane Projects, Huron High School, Personal and World War II Military Service. The series include the many projects that Charles Wesley Lane worked on during his architectural career and some materials from his military service as well. The collection is composed of photographs, slides, microfilm, microfiche and prints. The researcher will be interested in the variety of architectural projects in which Lane was involved, which include schools, mobile homes, churches, and other types of structures. A small number of photographs of Nagasaki after the atomic bomb may also be of interest.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection is arranged into five series, Brigham Building System, Lane Projects, Huron High School, Personal and World War II Military Service. The series include the many projects that Charles Wesley Lane worked on during his architectural career and some materials from his military service as well. The collection is composed of photographs, slides, microfilm, microfiche and prints. The researcher will be interested in the variety of architectural projects in which Lane was involved, which include schools, mobile homes, churches, and other types of structures. A small number of photographs of Nagasaki after the atomic bomb may also be of interest."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1711e8ec6440e36b108652ca8e44f52e\"\u003eArchitect based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Project files relate to work with George Brigham and his system of constructing prefabricated homes, 1944-1947; files relating to design and construction of Huron High School in Ann Arbor; other projects concern design of mobile home parks and other Michigan school buildings.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Architect based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Project files relate to work with George Brigham and his system of constructing prefabricated homes, 1944-1947; files relating to design and construction of Huron High School in Ann Arbor; other projects concern design of mobile home parks and other Michigan school buildings."],"names_coll_ssim":["Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)","Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)","Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-","Brigham, George Bickford, 1889-","Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)","Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-","Brigham, George Bickford, 1889-"],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)"],"persname_ssim":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-","Brigham, George Bickford, 1889-"],"language_ssim":["English","The material is in  English"],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":135,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-9840","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:24:36.652Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-9840_aspace_66879dbca91ba8f4824a9f50d5af877a"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-9840_aspace_7ec8522a0fb4ee52023e60a6865e4aa4","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Clippings, 1969","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-9840_aspace_7ec8522a0fb4ee52023e60a6865e4aa4#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_7ec8522a0fb4ee52023e60a6865e4aa4","ref_ssm":["aspace_7ec8522a0fb4ee52023e60a6865e4aa4","aspace_7ec8522a0fb4ee52023e60a6865e4aa4"],"id":"umich-bhl-9840_aspace_7ec8522a0fb4ee52023e60a6865e4aa4","title_filing_ssi":"Clippings","title_ssm":["Clippings"],"title_tesim":["Clippings"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1969"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1969"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clippings, 1969"],"text":["Clippings, 1969","Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969","Lane Projects","Project Files","Northlane Mobile Home Park","box 1"],"component_level_isim":[4],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-9840","aspace_2a85f49ecaa452b96278d524dd0bed54","aspace_1d9442eadce1fc29b150f380108525f8","aspace_50d3e3c6f4b1ffd0976da37f6dcf134b"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_50d3e3c6f4b1ffd0976da37f6dcf134b","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-9840","umich-bhl-9840_aspace_2a85f49ecaa452b96278d524dd0bed54","umich-bhl-9840_aspace_1d9442eadce1fc29b150f380108525f8","umich-bhl-9840_aspace_50d3e3c6f4b1ffd0976da37f6dcf134b"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969","Lane Projects","Project Files","Northlane Mobile Home Park"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969","Lane Projects","Project Files","Northlane Mobile Home Park"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","File","File"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":38,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to research, except for some files in box 2 that are restricted to staff use only."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"date_range_isim":[1969],"containers_ssim":["box 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#1/components#8/components#0","_nest_parent_":"umich-bhl-9840_aspace_50d3e3c6f4b1ffd0976da37f6dcf134b","_root_":"umich-bhl-9840","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:24:36.652Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-9840","title_ssm":["Charles W. Lane papers"],"title_tesim":["Charles W. Lane papers"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-9840","unitdate_ssm":["1935-1997","1958-1969"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1958-1969"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1935-1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["9840 Aa 2"],"text":["9840 Aa 2","Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969","Ann Arbor (Mich.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.","Hawaii.","Houma (La.)","Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands, Japan)","Manila (Philippines)","Nagasaki-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Okinawa Island (Japan)","Wakayama-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Architectural practice -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Architects -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Buildings, Prefabricated.","Mobile home parks -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","World War, 1939-1945.","Architectural drawings.","Iwo Jima, Battle of, Japan, 1945.","World War, 1939-1945.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","Military art and science.","Mobile homes.","Schools -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","War damage -- Japan -- Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands)","War damage -- Japan -- Nagasaki-Shi.","War damage -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","War damage -- Japan -- Wakayama-Shi.","War damage -- Philippines -- Manila.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Destruction and pillage.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military personnel.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military life.","Architectural drawings.","Photographs.","The collection is open to research, except for some files in box 2 that are restricted to staff use only.","No further additions to the papers are expected.","Charles Wesley Lane was born in 1919. He began his career as an architect by working at construction sites during his summer breaks from the University of Michigan, from 1937 through 1941. He then worked for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on the MacArthur Lock in Sault St. Marie. Following Lane's graduation from the University of Michigan he served in World War II. He was in Louisiana for a short time, helping to supervise construction of a blimp hangar. He then began work as a Photo Interpretation officer and was part of the landing at Iwo Jima and Okinawa. He also spent some time in Nagasaki after the atomic bomb. Upon returning he went to work as an architect for George Brigham in Ann Arbor. Brigham's office was divided into two areas, research and production. Lane was assigned to work in research as an architect for Brigham's Progressive Homes Corporation (PHC). The goal of PHC was to design a completely prefabricated home that could be erected in eight hours (with the footings already in place) for the price of $1500. Brigham began the company with funders that included Eugene Cassaroll of Dual Motors. Lane describes the other investors as \"auto people from Detroit.\" The investors disassociated Brigham from the research division when his pace of development did not move along as quickly as they had hoped. The head of PHC was Ira E. \"Mickey\" Gillen, a former production manager for Chrysler Motors."," Gillen and the investors acquired 100,000 square feet of space in Pine Bluff, Arkansas to manufacture their homes. Gillen arranged for the building supplies to come from a variety of companies across the U.S. In a reflection of Gillen's automotive background, he wanted the pieces of the houses brought to Arkansas and assembled as pieces of a car are brought to a central location to be assembled. Gillen set up dealerships for the houses in every state and in England, France and South America. In South America he had a contract for 10,000 homes and in California a naval station wanted 5,000 houses, if they were financed by the Federal Housing Administration. The first two manufactured homes were built in Indiana, then Wisconsin. At about the fifth or sixth house, the local authorities would not issue a building permit because the local plumbers union was against the use of stamped steel in the building. Gillen had the support of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) over the plumbers, but the FHA still would not finance the homes. This was the end of the company because no one would finance the building of the houses. Since 1947, 400 homes had come off of the assembly line. Those homes were built around Washington D.C. because of a contract the PHC had with the government, which the latter was forced to honor. By 1948, about 250 similar companies producing manufactured homes had sprung up around the United States."," After the failure of PHC, Lane went to work for the Walter Aneche firm in Ann Arbor; he worked at the firm from 1948 to 1952. Lane designed drawings for  Good Housekeeping  and schools in Michigan. In 1952 Lane established his own firm in Ann Arbor with architects Alex Riebe and Keith Weiland. Lane developed a 24 x 36 steel sheet that was repetitive and was used in about 400 schools in Michigan. Lane designed many schools and residences throughout Michigan with his firm. The firm was hired in the 1960s to design Huron High School in Ann Arbor, Michigan. This was the largest, most unique school that he designed. He originally made 17 designs of the building, all which were rectangular in shape. In an effort to save money he created a circular design that reduced corridor space and cost. Lane was lauded for the unique design and budget reducing measures. In addition to the actual structure, Lane also made recommendations, which were followed, on where Huron Parkway should be placed."," In 1971, shortly after the completion of Huron High School, Lane left his firm to pursue his interest in manufactured housing. Alex Riebe moved the firm to Farmington, Michigan. Lane saw that many of the same obstacles remained, with the exception of the invention of the mobile home park. In the late 1960s Lane designed a mobile home park in Almont, Michigan which was unique because it had paved streets, parking, and landscaping.","The collection is arranged into five series, Brigham Building System, Lane Projects, Huron High School, Personal and World War II Military Service. The series include the many projects that Charles Wesley Lane worked on during his architectural career and some materials from his military service as well. The collection is composed of photographs, slides, microfilm, microfiche and prints. The researcher will be interested in the variety of architectural projects in which Lane was involved, which include schools, mobile homes, churches, and other types of structures. A small number of photographs of Nagasaki after the atomic bomb may also be of interest.","Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Architect based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Project files relate to work with George Brigham and his system of constructing prefabricated homes, 1944-1947; files relating to design and construction of Huron High School in Ann Arbor; other projects concern design of mobile home parks and other Michigan school buildings.","Bentley Historical Library","Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)","Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-","Brigham, George Bickford, 1889-","English","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["9840 Aa 2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"collection_ssim":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Ann Arbor (Mich.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.","Hawaii.","Houma (La.)","Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands, Japan)","Manila (Philippines)","Nagasaki-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Okinawa Island (Japan)","Wakayama-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945."],"geogname_ssim":["Ann Arbor (Mich.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.","Hawaii.","Houma (La.)","Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands, Japan)","Manila (Philippines)","Nagasaki-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Okinawa Island (Japan)","Wakayama-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945."],"creator_ssm":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"creator_ssim":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"creators_ssim":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"places_ssim":["Ann Arbor (Mich.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.","Hawaii.","Houma (La.)","Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands, Japan)","Manila (Philippines)","Nagasaki-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Okinawa Island (Japan)","Wakayama-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945."],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Charles Wesley Lane (donor  8716 ) in 1998; additions were received from the family in 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Architectural practice -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Architects -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Buildings, Prefabricated.","Mobile home parks -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","World War, 1939-1945.","Architectural drawings.","Iwo Jima, Battle of, Japan, 1945.","World War, 1939-1945.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","Military art and science.","Mobile homes.","Schools -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","War damage -- Japan -- Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands)","War damage -- Japan -- Nagasaki-Shi.","War damage -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","War damage -- Japan -- Wakayama-Shi.","War damage -- Philippines -- Manila.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Destruction and pillage.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military personnel.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military life.","Architectural drawings.","Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Architectural practice -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Architects -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Buildings, Prefabricated.","Mobile home parks -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","World War, 1939-1945.","Architectural drawings.","Iwo Jima, Battle of, Japan, 1945.","World War, 1939-1945.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","Military art and science.","Mobile homes.","Schools -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","War damage -- Japan -- Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands)","War damage -- Japan -- Nagasaki-Shi.","War damage -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","War damage -- Japan -- Wakayama-Shi.","War damage -- Philippines -- Manila.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Destruction and pillage.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military personnel.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military life.","Architectural drawings.","Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.5 linear feet in 6 boxes","7 oversize folders"],"extent_tesim":["4.5 linear feet in 6 boxes","7 oversize folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Architectural drawings.","Photographs."],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research, except for some files in box 2 that are restricted to staff use only.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research, except for some files in box 2 that are restricted to staff use only."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo further additions to the papers are expected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["No further additions to the papers are expected."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Wesley Lane was born in 1919. He began his career as an architect by working at construction sites during his summer breaks from the University of Michigan, from 1937 through 1941. He then worked for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on the MacArthur Lock in Sault St. Marie. Following Lane's graduation from the University of Michigan he served in World War II. He was in Louisiana for a short time, helping to supervise construction of a blimp hangar. He then began work as a Photo Interpretation officer and was part of the landing at Iwo Jima and Okinawa. He also spent some time in Nagasaki after the atomic bomb. Upon returning he went to work as an architect for George Brigham in Ann Arbor. Brigham's office was divided into two areas, research and production. Lane was assigned to work in research as an architect for Brigham's Progressive Homes Corporation (PHC). The goal of PHC was to design a completely prefabricated home that could be erected in eight hours (with the footings already in place) for the price of $1500. Brigham began the company with funders that included Eugene Cassaroll of Dual Motors. Lane describes the other investors as \"auto people from Detroit.\" The investors disassociated Brigham from the research division when his pace of development did not move along as quickly as they had hoped. The head of PHC was Ira E. \"Mickey\" Gillen, a former production manager for Chrysler Motors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Gillen and the investors acquired 100,000 square feet of space in Pine Bluff, Arkansas to manufacture their homes. Gillen arranged for the building supplies to come from a variety of companies across the U.S. In a reflection of Gillen's automotive background, he wanted the pieces of the houses brought to Arkansas and assembled as pieces of a car are brought to a central location to be assembled. Gillen set up dealerships for the houses in every state and in England, France and South America. In South America he had a contract for 10,000 homes and in California a naval station wanted 5,000 houses, if they were financed by the Federal Housing Administration. The first two manufactured homes were built in Indiana, then Wisconsin. At about the fifth or sixth house, the local authorities would not issue a building permit because the local plumbers union was against the use of stamped steel in the building. Gillen had the support of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) over the plumbers, but the FHA still would not finance the homes. This was the end of the company because no one would finance the building of the houses. Since 1947, 400 homes had come off of the assembly line. Those homes were built around Washington D.C. because of a contract the PHC had with the government, which the latter was forced to honor. By 1948, about 250 similar companies producing manufactured homes had sprung up around the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e After the failure of PHC, Lane went to work for the Walter Aneche firm in Ann Arbor; he worked at the firm from 1948 to 1952. Lane designed drawings for \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eGood Housekeeping\u003c/title\u003e and schools in Michigan. In 1952 Lane established his own firm in Ann Arbor with architects Alex Riebe and Keith Weiland. Lane developed a 24 x 36 steel sheet that was repetitive and was used in about 400 schools in Michigan. Lane designed many schools and residences throughout Michigan with his firm. The firm was hired in the 1960s to design Huron High School in Ann Arbor, Michigan. This was the largest, most unique school that he designed. He originally made 17 designs of the building, all which were rectangular in shape. In an effort to save money he created a circular design that reduced corridor space and cost. Lane was lauded for the unique design and budget reducing measures. In addition to the actual structure, Lane also made recommendations, which were followed, on where Huron Parkway should be placed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1971, shortly after the completion of Huron High School, Lane left his firm to pursue his interest in manufactured housing. Alex Riebe moved the firm to Farmington, Michigan. Lane saw that many of the same obstacles remained, with the exception of the invention of the mobile home park. In the late 1960s Lane designed a mobile home park in Almont, Michigan which was unique because it had paved streets, parking, and landscaping.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Wesley Lane was born in 1919. He began his career as an architect by working at construction sites during his summer breaks from the University of Michigan, from 1937 through 1941. He then worked for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on the MacArthur Lock in Sault St. Marie. Following Lane's graduation from the University of Michigan he served in World War II. He was in Louisiana for a short time, helping to supervise construction of a blimp hangar. He then began work as a Photo Interpretation officer and was part of the landing at Iwo Jima and Okinawa. He also spent some time in Nagasaki after the atomic bomb. Upon returning he went to work as an architect for George Brigham in Ann Arbor. Brigham's office was divided into two areas, research and production. Lane was assigned to work in research as an architect for Brigham's Progressive Homes Corporation (PHC). The goal of PHC was to design a completely prefabricated home that could be erected in eight hours (with the footings already in place) for the price of $1500. Brigham began the company with funders that included Eugene Cassaroll of Dual Motors. Lane describes the other investors as \"auto people from Detroit.\" The investors disassociated Brigham from the research division when his pace of development did not move along as quickly as they had hoped. The head of PHC was Ira E. \"Mickey\" Gillen, a former production manager for Chrysler Motors."," Gillen and the investors acquired 100,000 square feet of space in Pine Bluff, Arkansas to manufacture their homes. Gillen arranged for the building supplies to come from a variety of companies across the U.S. In a reflection of Gillen's automotive background, he wanted the pieces of the houses brought to Arkansas and assembled as pieces of a car are brought to a central location to be assembled. Gillen set up dealerships for the houses in every state and in England, France and South America. In South America he had a contract for 10,000 homes and in California a naval station wanted 5,000 houses, if they were financed by the Federal Housing Administration. The first two manufactured homes were built in Indiana, then Wisconsin. At about the fifth or sixth house, the local authorities would not issue a building permit because the local plumbers union was against the use of stamped steel in the building. Gillen had the support of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) over the plumbers, but the FHA still would not finance the homes. This was the end of the company because no one would finance the building of the houses. Since 1947, 400 homes had come off of the assembly line. Those homes were built around Washington D.C. because of a contract the PHC had with the government, which the latter was forced to honor. By 1948, about 250 similar companies producing manufactured homes had sprung up around the United States."," After the failure of PHC, Lane went to work for the Walter Aneche firm in Ann Arbor; he worked at the firm from 1948 to 1952. Lane designed drawings for  Good Housekeeping  and schools in Michigan. In 1952 Lane established his own firm in Ann Arbor with architects Alex Riebe and Keith Weiland. Lane developed a 24 x 36 steel sheet that was repetitive and was used in about 400 schools in Michigan. Lane designed many schools and residences throughout Michigan with his firm. The firm was hired in the 1960s to design Huron High School in Ann Arbor, Michigan. This was the largest, most unique school that he designed. He originally made 17 designs of the building, all which were rectangular in shape. In an effort to save money he created a circular design that reduced corridor space and cost. Lane was lauded for the unique design and budget reducing measures. In addition to the actual structure, Lane also made recommendations, which were followed, on where Huron Parkway should be placed."," In 1971, shortly after the completion of Huron High School, Lane left his firm to pursue his interest in manufactured housing. Alex Riebe moved the firm to Farmington, Michigan. Lane saw that many of the same obstacles remained, with the exception of the invention of the mobile home park. In the late 1960s Lane designed a mobile home park in Almont, Michigan which was unique because it had paved streets, parking, and landscaping."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item], folder, box, Charles W. Lane papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item], folder, box, Charles W. Lane papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into five series, Brigham Building System, Lane Projects, Huron High School, Personal and World War II Military Service. The series include the many projects that Charles Wesley Lane worked on during his architectural career and some materials from his military service as well. The collection is composed of photographs, slides, microfilm, microfiche and prints. The researcher will be interested in the variety of architectural projects in which Lane was involved, which include schools, mobile homes, churches, and other types of structures. A small number of photographs of Nagasaki after the atomic bomb may also be of interest.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection is arranged into five series, Brigham Building System, Lane Projects, Huron High School, Personal and World War II Military Service. The series include the many projects that Charles Wesley Lane worked on during his architectural career and some materials from his military service as well. The collection is composed of photographs, slides, microfilm, microfiche and prints. The researcher will be interested in the variety of architectural projects in which Lane was involved, which include schools, mobile homes, churches, and other types of structures. A small number of photographs of Nagasaki after the atomic bomb may also be of interest."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1711e8ec6440e36b108652ca8e44f52e\"\u003eArchitect based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Project files relate to work with George Brigham and his system of constructing prefabricated homes, 1944-1947; files relating to design and construction of Huron High School in Ann Arbor; other projects concern design of mobile home parks and other Michigan school buildings.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Architect based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Project files relate to work with George Brigham and his system of constructing prefabricated homes, 1944-1947; files relating to design and construction of Huron High School in Ann Arbor; other projects concern design of mobile home parks and other Michigan school buildings."],"names_coll_ssim":["Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)","Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)","Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-","Brigham, George Bickford, 1889-","Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)","Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-","Brigham, George Bickford, 1889-"],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)"],"persname_ssim":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-","Brigham, George Bickford, 1889-"],"language_ssim":["English","The material is in  English"],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":135,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-9840","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:24:36.652Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-9840_aspace_7ec8522a0fb4ee52023e60a6865e4aa4"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-0234_aspace_ae1185aff980f36a8b6f61ab203acdd6","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Clippings, 1972","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-0234_aspace_ae1185aff980f36a8b6f61ab203acdd6#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_ae1185aff980f36a8b6f61ab203acdd6","ref_ssm":["aspace_ae1185aff980f36a8b6f61ab203acdd6","aspace_ae1185aff980f36a8b6f61ab203acdd6"],"id":"umich-bhl-0234_aspace_ae1185aff980f36a8b6f61ab203acdd6","title_filing_ssi":"Clippings","title_ssm":["Clippings"],"title_tesim":["Clippings"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1972"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1972"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clippings, 1972"],"text":["Clippings, 1972","Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993","Litigation/Court Cases","Norton F. Dacey, et al v. George Shultz, et al","box 1"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-0234","aspace_6ecf7d59a1116af0e6f62f241e4914fa","aspace_ab7b00b64b4f09a9a92ac5e8f36ff6f1"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_ab7b00b64b4f09a9a92ac5e8f36ff6f1","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-0234","umich-bhl-0234_aspace_6ecf7d59a1116af0e6f62f241e4914fa","umich-bhl-0234_aspace_ab7b00b64b4f09a9a92ac5e8f36ff6f1"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993","Litigation/Court Cases","Norton F. Dacey, et al v. George Shultz, et al"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993","Litigation/Court Cases","Norton F. Dacey, et al v. George Shultz, et al"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":24,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to research except for indicated restricted files which require the written permission of the donor for access. These files open with the passing of Mr. Jabara."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Abdeen M. Jabara reserves copyright during his lifetime. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"date_range_isim":[1972],"containers_ssim":["box 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1/components#0","_nest_parent_":"umich-bhl-0234_aspace_ab7b00b64b4f09a9a92ac5e8f36ff6f1","_root_":"umich-bhl-0234","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:16.849Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-0234","title_ssm":["Abdeen Jabara papers"],"title_tesim":["Abdeen Jabara papers"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-0234","unitdate_ssm":["1956-1994","1968-1993"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1968-1993"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1956-1994"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0234 Aa 2"],"text":["0234 Aa 2","Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993","Israel -- Relations -- Lebanon.","Lebanon -- Relations -- Israel.","Arab Americans -- Civil rights.","Arab Americans -- Michigan.","Human rights -- Israel.","Human rights -- Palestine.","Lawyers -- Michigan.","Photographs.","The collection is open to research except for indicated restricted files which require the written permission of the donor for access. These files open with the passing of Mr. Jabara.","No further additions to the papers are expected.","Abdeen M. Jabara was born in Mancelona, Michigan in 1940 to Lebanese parents who had immigrated to the United States in the early 20th century, eventually settling in northern Michigan. Jabara took an interest in Middle Eastern affairs throughout his youth and upon graduation from high school in 1958 decided to attend the University of Michigan, largely because the school offered courses in Arabic and had a prominent Arab student population. During his early undergraduate years Jabara determined that in order to learn the Arabic language properly he would have to immerse himself in that culture and so he spent five months living in Cairo, Egypt. He then journeyed by freighter to Lebanon to visit his father's village, where he met his uncle for the first time."," Upon returning from this trip, Jabara's focus centered more on the completion of his undergraduate education at Michigan than on Middle East issues. However, during his years of law school at Wayne State University in Detroit he gradually became more involved with civil rights issues and founded a local chapter of the Civil Rights Research Council. He graduated from law school in 1965 and returned to Lebanon to further develop his Arabic language skills through additional schooling."," Jabara returned to Detroit in 1966 to open his law practice. In 1967, the Arab-Israeli war and the anti-Arab sentiment it created prompted Jabara to become heavily involved with Arab-American issues. Academics of Arab heritage met at the University of Michigan to discuss the political situation and formed the Association of Arab-American University Graduates (AAUG) in 1968. The mission of the AAUG was to promote educational and cultural activities and information about the Arab world and the Arab-American community. Jabara served as the first executive secretary and was later elected president of the group in 1972."," In 1970, Jabara joined the law firm of Lafferty, Reosti, Jabara, Papakhian, Stickgold, James and Smith in Detroit. For the next decade and a half he would fight for the rights of Arabs living or traveling in the United States as well as political activists in general. He did so by challenging the practice of collecting information and maintaining surveillance of Arabs and Arab Americans by such institutions as the Detroit and Michigan State Police, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Secretary of State. Jabara's own case against the FBI, for which he enlisted the help of the ACLU, finally ended in victory in 1984 with the FBI agreeing to destroy his file and acknowledging that collecting the information found within the file violated his constitutional rights."," Throughout his legal career Jabara would take on nationally prominent cases of Arabs and Arab-Americans. Such cases included Sirhan B. Sirhan, convicted in the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy in 1968, and Ziad Abu Eain, wanted for extradition to Israel for a 1979 Palestine Liberation Organization bombing."," Jabara was also involved in the National Lawyer's Guild, an organization founded as an alternative to the more conservative American Bar Association. In 1977 he traveled to Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and the Occupied Territories as part of the NLG's Middle East delegation to report on the condition and treatment of Palestinians living in the Occupied Territories. Jabara became president of the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee in 1986. The ADC, founded by former Senator James Abourezk in 1980, devoted itself to the protection of the rights of people of Arab descent and promoting their cultural heritage. Jabara now (2002) works for the ADC Research Institute in Washington D.C. He recently worked as part of the defense team for Omar Ahmad Ali Abdel Rahman, accused of plotting to blow up New York City landmarks and the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center. Jabara resides in New York City.","The collection has been divided into two series: Litigation/Court Cases and Political and Cultural Activities. The many files of correspondence and press clippings document the types of legal and political battles and causes that Jabara has tackled throughout his career. A limited amount of material in the collection is in Arabic, mostly correspondence and press clippings, and is noted as such in the contents list.","Abdeen M. Jabara reserves copyright during his lifetime. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","New York attorney originally based in Detroit. Jabara was concerned with issues of civil rights of Arab Americans and the rights of Arabs living or traveling in the United States. He challenged practice of law enforcement agencies to collect information and maintain surveillance of Arabs and Arab Americans. Jabara was involved in the murder trial of Sirhan Sirhan and the extradition case of Ziad Abu Eain. Litigation and case files; subject files regarding his Arab American activism, organizational involvements, and participation in the Middle East delegation of the National Lawyers Guild.","Bentley Historical Library","American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee.","B'nai B'rith. Anti-defamation League.","National Lawyers Guild.","Jabara, Abdeen.","Abu Ayn, Ziyad.","Jabara, Abdeen, 1940-","Sirhan, Sirhan Bishara, 1944- -- Trials, litigation, etc.","English","The material is in  English  and  Arabic ."],"unitid_tesim":["0234 Aa 2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993"],"collection_title_tesim":["Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993"],"collection_ssim":["Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Israel -- Relations -- Lebanon.","Lebanon -- Relations -- Israel."],"geogname_ssim":["Israel -- Relations -- Lebanon.","Lebanon -- Relations -- Israel."],"creator_ssm":["Jabara, Abdeen."],"creator_ssim":["Jabara, Abdeen."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Jabara, Abdeen."],"creators_ssim":["Jabara, Abdeen."],"places_ssim":["Israel -- Relations -- Lebanon.","Lebanon -- Relations -- Israel."],"access_terms_ssm":["Abdeen M. Jabara reserves copyright during his lifetime. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated by Abdeen M. Jabara (Donor No.  9120 ) and came to the library in August, 2001. Additions were received in 2007 and in 2012."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Arab Americans -- Civil rights.","Arab Americans -- Michigan.","Human rights -- Israel.","Human rights -- Palestine.","Lawyers -- Michigan.","Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Arab Americans -- Civil rights.","Arab Americans -- Michigan.","Human rights -- Israel.","Human rights -- Palestine.","Lawyers -- Michigan.","Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["14.4 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["14.4 linear feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs."],"date_range_isim":[1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research except for indicated restricted files which require the written permission of the donor for access. These files open with the passing of Mr. Jabara.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research except for indicated restricted files which require the written permission of the donor for access. These files open with the passing of Mr. Jabara."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo further additions to the papers are expected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["No further additions to the papers are expected."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAbdeen M. Jabara was born in Mancelona, Michigan in 1940 to Lebanese parents who had immigrated to the United States in the early 20th century, eventually settling in northern Michigan. Jabara took an interest in Middle Eastern affairs throughout his youth and upon graduation from high school in 1958 decided to attend the University of Michigan, largely because the school offered courses in Arabic and had a prominent Arab student population. During his early undergraduate years Jabara determined that in order to learn the Arabic language properly he would have to immerse himself in that culture and so he spent five months living in Cairo, Egypt. He then journeyed by freighter to Lebanon to visit his father's village, where he met his uncle for the first time.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Upon returning from this trip, Jabara's focus centered more on the completion of his undergraduate education at Michigan than on Middle East issues. However, during his years of law school at Wayne State University in Detroit he gradually became more involved with civil rights issues and founded a local chapter of the Civil Rights Research Council. He graduated from law school in 1965 and returned to Lebanon to further develop his Arabic language skills through additional schooling.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Jabara returned to Detroit in 1966 to open his law practice. In 1967, the Arab-Israeli war and the anti-Arab sentiment it created prompted Jabara to become heavily involved with Arab-American issues. Academics of Arab heritage met at the University of Michigan to discuss the political situation and formed the Association of Arab-American University Graduates (AAUG) in 1968. The mission of the AAUG was to promote educational and cultural activities and information about the Arab world and the Arab-American community. Jabara served as the first executive secretary and was later elected president of the group in 1972.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1970, Jabara joined the law firm of Lafferty, Reosti, Jabara, Papakhian, Stickgold, James and Smith in Detroit. For the next decade and a half he would fight for the rights of Arabs living or traveling in the United States as well as political activists in general. He did so by challenging the practice of collecting information and maintaining surveillance of Arabs and Arab Americans by such institutions as the Detroit and Michigan State Police, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Secretary of State. Jabara's own case against the FBI, for which he enlisted the help of the ACLU, finally ended in victory in 1984 with the FBI agreeing to destroy his file and acknowledging that collecting the information found within the file violated his constitutional rights.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Throughout his legal career Jabara would take on nationally prominent cases of Arabs and Arab-Americans. Such cases included Sirhan B. Sirhan, convicted in the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy in 1968, and Ziad Abu Eain, wanted for extradition to Israel for a 1979 Palestine Liberation Organization bombing.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Jabara was also involved in the National Lawyer's Guild, an organization founded as an alternative to the more conservative American Bar Association. In 1977 he traveled to Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and the Occupied Territories as part of the NLG's Middle East delegation to report on the condition and treatment of Palestinians living in the Occupied Territories. Jabara became president of the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee in 1986. The ADC, founded by former Senator James Abourezk in 1980, devoted itself to the protection of the rights of people of Arab descent and promoting their cultural heritage. Jabara now (2002) works for the ADC Research Institute in Washington D.C. He recently worked as part of the defense team for Omar Ahmad Ali Abdel Rahman, accused of plotting to blow up New York City landmarks and the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center. Jabara resides in New York City.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Abdeen M. Jabara was born in Mancelona, Michigan in 1940 to Lebanese parents who had immigrated to the United States in the early 20th century, eventually settling in northern Michigan. Jabara took an interest in Middle Eastern affairs throughout his youth and upon graduation from high school in 1958 decided to attend the University of Michigan, largely because the school offered courses in Arabic and had a prominent Arab student population. During his early undergraduate years Jabara determined that in order to learn the Arabic language properly he would have to immerse himself in that culture and so he spent five months living in Cairo, Egypt. He then journeyed by freighter to Lebanon to visit his father's village, where he met his uncle for the first time."," Upon returning from this trip, Jabara's focus centered more on the completion of his undergraduate education at Michigan than on Middle East issues. However, during his years of law school at Wayne State University in Detroit he gradually became more involved with civil rights issues and founded a local chapter of the Civil Rights Research Council. He graduated from law school in 1965 and returned to Lebanon to further develop his Arabic language skills through additional schooling."," Jabara returned to Detroit in 1966 to open his law practice. In 1967, the Arab-Israeli war and the anti-Arab sentiment it created prompted Jabara to become heavily involved with Arab-American issues. Academics of Arab heritage met at the University of Michigan to discuss the political situation and formed the Association of Arab-American University Graduates (AAUG) in 1968. The mission of the AAUG was to promote educational and cultural activities and information about the Arab world and the Arab-American community. Jabara served as the first executive secretary and was later elected president of the group in 1972."," In 1970, Jabara joined the law firm of Lafferty, Reosti, Jabara, Papakhian, Stickgold, James and Smith in Detroit. For the next decade and a half he would fight for the rights of Arabs living or traveling in the United States as well as political activists in general. He did so by challenging the practice of collecting information and maintaining surveillance of Arabs and Arab Americans by such institutions as the Detroit and Michigan State Police, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Secretary of State. Jabara's own case against the FBI, for which he enlisted the help of the ACLU, finally ended in victory in 1984 with the FBI agreeing to destroy his file and acknowledging that collecting the information found within the file violated his constitutional rights."," Throughout his legal career Jabara would take on nationally prominent cases of Arabs and Arab-Americans. Such cases included Sirhan B. Sirhan, convicted in the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy in 1968, and Ziad Abu Eain, wanted for extradition to Israel for a 1979 Palestine Liberation Organization bombing."," Jabara was also involved in the National Lawyer's Guild, an organization founded as an alternative to the more conservative American Bar Association. In 1977 he traveled to Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and the Occupied Territories as part of the NLG's Middle East delegation to report on the condition and treatment of Palestinians living in the Occupied Territories. Jabara became president of the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee in 1986. The ADC, founded by former Senator James Abourezk in 1980, devoted itself to the protection of the rights of people of Arab descent and promoting their cultural heritage. Jabara now (2002) works for the ADC Research Institute in Washington D.C. He recently worked as part of the defense team for Omar Ahmad Ali Abdel Rahman, accused of plotting to blow up New York City landmarks and the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center. Jabara resides in New York City."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item], folder, box, Abdeen Jabara papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item], folder, box, Abdeen Jabara papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been divided into two series: Litigation/Court Cases and Political and Cultural Activities. The many files of correspondence and press clippings document the types of legal and political battles and causes that Jabara has tackled throughout his career. A limited amount of material in the collection is in Arabic, mostly correspondence and press clippings, and is noted as such in the contents list.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection has been divided into two series: Litigation/Court Cases and Political and Cultural Activities. The many files of correspondence and press clippings document the types of legal and political battles and causes that Jabara has tackled throughout his career. A limited amount of material in the collection is in Arabic, mostly correspondence and press clippings, and is noted as such in the contents list."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAbdeen M. Jabara reserves copyright during his lifetime. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Abdeen M. Jabara reserves copyright during his lifetime. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c5e379c29afd7cfcdefb5c46ebbbf0dc\"\u003eNew York attorney originally based in Detroit. Jabara was concerned with issues of civil rights of Arab Americans and the rights of Arabs living or traveling in the United States. He challenged practice of law enforcement agencies to collect information and maintain surveillance of Arabs and Arab Americans. Jabara was involved in the murder trial of Sirhan Sirhan and the extradition case of Ziad Abu Eain. Litigation and case files; subject files regarding his Arab American activism, organizational involvements, and participation in the Middle East delegation of the National Lawyers Guild.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["New York attorney originally based in Detroit. Jabara was concerned with issues of civil rights of Arab Americans and the rights of Arabs living or traveling in the United States. He challenged practice of law enforcement agencies to collect information and maintain surveillance of Arabs and Arab Americans. Jabara was involved in the murder trial of Sirhan Sirhan and the extradition case of Ziad Abu Eain. Litigation and case files; subject files regarding his Arab American activism, organizational involvements, and participation in the Middle East delegation of the National Lawyers Guild."],"names_coll_ssim":["American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee.","B'nai B'rith. Anti-defamation League.","National Lawyers Guild.","Abu Ayn, Ziyad.","Jabara, Abdeen, 1940-","Sirhan, Sirhan Bishara, 1944- -- Trials, litigation, etc."],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee.","B'nai B'rith. Anti-defamation League.","National Lawyers Guild.","Jabara, Abdeen.","Abu Ayn, Ziyad.","Jabara, Abdeen, 1940-","Sirhan, Sirhan Bishara, 1944- -- Trials, litigation, etc."],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee.","B'nai B'rith. Anti-defamation League.","National Lawyers Guild."],"persname_ssim":["Jabara, Abdeen.","Abu Ayn, Ziyad.","Jabara, Abdeen, 1940-","Sirhan, Sirhan Bishara, 1944- -- Trials, litigation, etc."],"language_ssim":["English","The material is in  English  and  Arabic ."],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":253,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-0234","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:16.849Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-0234_aspace_ae1185aff980f36a8b6f61ab203acdd6"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-0234_aspace_61b867c96e015ea4aa57f7140d4f88e5","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Clippings, 1977-1979","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-0234_aspace_61b867c96e015ea4aa57f7140d4f88e5#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_61b867c96e015ea4aa57f7140d4f88e5","ref_ssm":["aspace_61b867c96e015ea4aa57f7140d4f88e5","aspace_61b867c96e015ea4aa57f7140d4f88e5"],"id":"umich-bhl-0234_aspace_61b867c96e015ea4aa57f7140d4f88e5","title_filing_ssi":"Clippings","title_ssm":["Clippings"],"title_tesim":["Clippings"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1977-1979"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1977-1979"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clippings, 1977-1979"],"text":["Clippings, 1977-1979","Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993","Litigation/Court Cases","State of Israel v. Sami Esmail (Sami Esmail Defense)","box 5"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-0234","aspace_6ecf7d59a1116af0e6f62f241e4914fa","aspace_c33e90bf3696d01dfcb80ca80b54a37f"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_c33e90bf3696d01dfcb80ca80b54a37f","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-0234","umich-bhl-0234_aspace_6ecf7d59a1116af0e6f62f241e4914fa","umich-bhl-0234_aspace_c33e90bf3696d01dfcb80ca80b54a37f"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993","Litigation/Court Cases","State of Israel v. Sami Esmail (Sami Esmail Defense)"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993","Litigation/Court Cases","State of Israel v. Sami Esmail (Sami Esmail Defense)"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993"],"extent_ssm":["3 folders"],"extent_tesim":["3 folders"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":70,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to research except for indicated restricted files which require the written permission of the donor for access. These files open with the passing of Mr. Jabara."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Abdeen M. Jabara reserves copyright during his lifetime. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"date_range_isim":[1977,1978,1979],"containers_ssim":["box 5"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#8/components#0","_nest_parent_":"umich-bhl-0234_aspace_c33e90bf3696d01dfcb80ca80b54a37f","_root_":"umich-bhl-0234","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:16.849Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-0234","title_ssm":["Abdeen Jabara papers"],"title_tesim":["Abdeen Jabara papers"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-0234","unitdate_ssm":["1956-1994","1968-1993"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1968-1993"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1956-1994"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0234 Aa 2"],"text":["0234 Aa 2","Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993","Israel -- Relations -- Lebanon.","Lebanon -- Relations -- Israel.","Arab Americans -- Civil rights.","Arab Americans -- Michigan.","Human rights -- Israel.","Human rights -- Palestine.","Lawyers -- Michigan.","Photographs.","The collection is open to research except for indicated restricted files which require the written permission of the donor for access. These files open with the passing of Mr. Jabara.","No further additions to the papers are expected.","Abdeen M. Jabara was born in Mancelona, Michigan in 1940 to Lebanese parents who had immigrated to the United States in the early 20th century, eventually settling in northern Michigan. Jabara took an interest in Middle Eastern affairs throughout his youth and upon graduation from high school in 1958 decided to attend the University of Michigan, largely because the school offered courses in Arabic and had a prominent Arab student population. During his early undergraduate years Jabara determined that in order to learn the Arabic language properly he would have to immerse himself in that culture and so he spent five months living in Cairo, Egypt. He then journeyed by freighter to Lebanon to visit his father's village, where he met his uncle for the first time."," Upon returning from this trip, Jabara's focus centered more on the completion of his undergraduate education at Michigan than on Middle East issues. However, during his years of law school at Wayne State University in Detroit he gradually became more involved with civil rights issues and founded a local chapter of the Civil Rights Research Council. He graduated from law school in 1965 and returned to Lebanon to further develop his Arabic language skills through additional schooling."," Jabara returned to Detroit in 1966 to open his law practice. In 1967, the Arab-Israeli war and the anti-Arab sentiment it created prompted Jabara to become heavily involved with Arab-American issues. Academics of Arab heritage met at the University of Michigan to discuss the political situation and formed the Association of Arab-American University Graduates (AAUG) in 1968. The mission of the AAUG was to promote educational and cultural activities and information about the Arab world and the Arab-American community. Jabara served as the first executive secretary and was later elected president of the group in 1972."," In 1970, Jabara joined the law firm of Lafferty, Reosti, Jabara, Papakhian, Stickgold, James and Smith in Detroit. For the next decade and a half he would fight for the rights of Arabs living or traveling in the United States as well as political activists in general. He did so by challenging the practice of collecting information and maintaining surveillance of Arabs and Arab Americans by such institutions as the Detroit and Michigan State Police, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Secretary of State. Jabara's own case against the FBI, for which he enlisted the help of the ACLU, finally ended in victory in 1984 with the FBI agreeing to destroy his file and acknowledging that collecting the information found within the file violated his constitutional rights."," Throughout his legal career Jabara would take on nationally prominent cases of Arabs and Arab-Americans. Such cases included Sirhan B. Sirhan, convicted in the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy in 1968, and Ziad Abu Eain, wanted for extradition to Israel for a 1979 Palestine Liberation Organization bombing."," Jabara was also involved in the National Lawyer's Guild, an organization founded as an alternative to the more conservative American Bar Association. In 1977 he traveled to Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and the Occupied Territories as part of the NLG's Middle East delegation to report on the condition and treatment of Palestinians living in the Occupied Territories. Jabara became president of the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee in 1986. The ADC, founded by former Senator James Abourezk in 1980, devoted itself to the protection of the rights of people of Arab descent and promoting their cultural heritage. Jabara now (2002) works for the ADC Research Institute in Washington D.C. He recently worked as part of the defense team for Omar Ahmad Ali Abdel Rahman, accused of plotting to blow up New York City landmarks and the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center. Jabara resides in New York City.","The collection has been divided into two series: Litigation/Court Cases and Political and Cultural Activities. The many files of correspondence and press clippings document the types of legal and political battles and causes that Jabara has tackled throughout his career. A limited amount of material in the collection is in Arabic, mostly correspondence and press clippings, and is noted as such in the contents list.","Abdeen M. 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Additions were received in 2007 and in 2012."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Arab Americans -- Civil rights.","Arab Americans -- Michigan.","Human rights -- Israel.","Human rights -- Palestine.","Lawyers -- Michigan.","Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Arab Americans -- Civil rights.","Arab Americans -- Michigan.","Human rights -- Israel.","Human rights -- Palestine.","Lawyers -- Michigan.","Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["14.4 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["14.4 linear feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs."],"date_range_isim":[1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research except for indicated restricted files which require the written permission of the donor for access. These files open with the passing of Mr. Jabara.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research except for indicated restricted files which require the written permission of the donor for access. These files open with the passing of Mr. Jabara."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo further additions to the papers are expected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["No further additions to the papers are expected."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAbdeen M. Jabara was born in Mancelona, Michigan in 1940 to Lebanese parents who had immigrated to the United States in the early 20th century, eventually settling in northern Michigan. Jabara took an interest in Middle Eastern affairs throughout his youth and upon graduation from high school in 1958 decided to attend the University of Michigan, largely because the school offered courses in Arabic and had a prominent Arab student population. During his early undergraduate years Jabara determined that in order to learn the Arabic language properly he would have to immerse himself in that culture and so he spent five months living in Cairo, Egypt. He then journeyed by freighter to Lebanon to visit his father's village, where he met his uncle for the first time.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Upon returning from this trip, Jabara's focus centered more on the completion of his undergraduate education at Michigan than on Middle East issues. However, during his years of law school at Wayne State University in Detroit he gradually became more involved with civil rights issues and founded a local chapter of the Civil Rights Research Council. He graduated from law school in 1965 and returned to Lebanon to further develop his Arabic language skills through additional schooling.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Jabara returned to Detroit in 1966 to open his law practice. In 1967, the Arab-Israeli war and the anti-Arab sentiment it created prompted Jabara to become heavily involved with Arab-American issues. Academics of Arab heritage met at the University of Michigan to discuss the political situation and formed the Association of Arab-American University Graduates (AAUG) in 1968. The mission of the AAUG was to promote educational and cultural activities and information about the Arab world and the Arab-American community. Jabara served as the first executive secretary and was later elected president of the group in 1972.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1970, Jabara joined the law firm of Lafferty, Reosti, Jabara, Papakhian, Stickgold, James and Smith in Detroit. For the next decade and a half he would fight for the rights of Arabs living or traveling in the United States as well as political activists in general. He did so by challenging the practice of collecting information and maintaining surveillance of Arabs and Arab Americans by such institutions as the Detroit and Michigan State Police, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Secretary of State. Jabara's own case against the FBI, for which he enlisted the help of the ACLU, finally ended in victory in 1984 with the FBI agreeing to destroy his file and acknowledging that collecting the information found within the file violated his constitutional rights.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Throughout his legal career Jabara would take on nationally prominent cases of Arabs and Arab-Americans. Such cases included Sirhan B. Sirhan, convicted in the assassination of Robert F. 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He recently worked as part of the defense team for Omar Ahmad Ali Abdel Rahman, accused of plotting to blow up New York City landmarks and the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center. Jabara resides in New York City.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Abdeen M. Jabara was born in Mancelona, Michigan in 1940 to Lebanese parents who had immigrated to the United States in the early 20th century, eventually settling in northern Michigan. Jabara took an interest in Middle Eastern affairs throughout his youth and upon graduation from high school in 1958 decided to attend the University of Michigan, largely because the school offered courses in Arabic and had a prominent Arab student population. During his early undergraduate years Jabara determined that in order to learn the Arabic language properly he would have to immerse himself in that culture and so he spent five months living in Cairo, Egypt. He then journeyed by freighter to Lebanon to visit his father's village, where he met his uncle for the first time."," Upon returning from this trip, Jabara's focus centered more on the completion of his undergraduate education at Michigan than on Middle East issues. However, during his years of law school at Wayne State University in Detroit he gradually became more involved with civil rights issues and founded a local chapter of the Civil Rights Research Council. He graduated from law school in 1965 and returned to Lebanon to further develop his Arabic language skills through additional schooling."," Jabara returned to Detroit in 1966 to open his law practice. In 1967, the Arab-Israeli war and the anti-Arab sentiment it created prompted Jabara to become heavily involved with Arab-American issues. Academics of Arab heritage met at the University of Michigan to discuss the political situation and formed the Association of Arab-American University Graduates (AAUG) in 1968. The mission of the AAUG was to promote educational and cultural activities and information about the Arab world and the Arab-American community. Jabara served as the first executive secretary and was later elected president of the group in 1972."," In 1970, Jabara joined the law firm of Lafferty, Reosti, Jabara, Papakhian, Stickgold, James and Smith in Detroit. For the next decade and a half he would fight for the rights of Arabs living or traveling in the United States as well as political activists in general. He did so by challenging the practice of collecting information and maintaining surveillance of Arabs and Arab Americans by such institutions as the Detroit and Michigan State Police, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Secretary of State. Jabara's own case against the FBI, for which he enlisted the help of the ACLU, finally ended in victory in 1984 with the FBI agreeing to destroy his file and acknowledging that collecting the information found within the file violated his constitutional rights."," Throughout his legal career Jabara would take on nationally prominent cases of Arabs and Arab-Americans. Such cases included Sirhan B. Sirhan, convicted in the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy in 1968, and Ziad Abu Eain, wanted for extradition to Israel for a 1979 Palestine Liberation Organization bombing."," Jabara was also involved in the National Lawyer's Guild, an organization founded as an alternative to the more conservative American Bar Association. In 1977 he traveled to Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and the Occupied Territories as part of the NLG's Middle East delegation to report on the condition and treatment of Palestinians living in the Occupied Territories. Jabara became president of the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee in 1986. The ADC, founded by former Senator James Abourezk in 1980, devoted itself to the protection of the rights of people of Arab descent and promoting their cultural heritage. Jabara now (2002) works for the ADC Research Institute in Washington D.C. He recently worked as part of the defense team for Omar Ahmad Ali Abdel Rahman, accused of plotting to blow up New York City landmarks and the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center. Jabara resides in New York City."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item], folder, box, Abdeen Jabara papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item], folder, box, Abdeen Jabara papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been divided into two series: Litigation/Court Cases and Political and Cultural Activities. The many files of correspondence and press clippings document the types of legal and political battles and causes that Jabara has tackled throughout his career. A limited amount of material in the collection is in Arabic, mostly correspondence and press clippings, and is noted as such in the contents list.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection has been divided into two series: Litigation/Court Cases and Political and Cultural Activities. The many files of correspondence and press clippings document the types of legal and political battles and causes that Jabara has tackled throughout his career. A limited amount of material in the collection is in Arabic, mostly correspondence and press clippings, and is noted as such in the contents list."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAbdeen M. Jabara reserves copyright during his lifetime. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Abdeen M. Jabara reserves copyright during his lifetime. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c5e379c29afd7cfcdefb5c46ebbbf0dc\"\u003eNew York attorney originally based in Detroit. Jabara was concerned with issues of civil rights of Arab Americans and the rights of Arabs living or traveling in the United States. He challenged practice of law enforcement agencies to collect information and maintain surveillance of Arabs and Arab Americans. Jabara was involved in the murder trial of Sirhan Sirhan and the extradition case of Ziad Abu Eain. Litigation and case files; subject files regarding his Arab American activism, organizational involvements, and participation in the Middle East delegation of the National Lawyers Guild.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["New York attorney originally based in Detroit. Jabara was concerned with issues of civil rights of Arab Americans and the rights of Arabs living or traveling in the United States. He challenged practice of law enforcement agencies to collect information and maintain surveillance of Arabs and Arab Americans. Jabara was involved in the murder trial of Sirhan Sirhan and the extradition case of Ziad Abu Eain. Litigation and case files; subject files regarding his Arab American activism, organizational involvements, and participation in the Middle East delegation of the National Lawyers Guild."],"names_coll_ssim":["American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee.","B'nai B'rith. 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