{"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026facet.sort=index\u0026page=47","prev":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026facet.sort=index\u0026page=46","last":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026facet.sort=index\u0026page=47"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":47,"next_page":null,"prev_page":46,"total_pages":47,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":460,"total_count":463,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":true}},"data":[{"id":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_02ba3ba6640437f7cf65290acca781173c0c2818","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"U.S. Army 89th Division,    1918 September 9-1918 September 30 .","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_02ba3ba6640437f7cf65290acca781173c0c2818#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"al_02ba3ba6640437f7cf65290acca781173c0c2818","ref_ssm":["al_02ba3ba6640437f7cf65290acca781173c0c2818","al_02ba3ba6640437f7cf65290acca781173c0c2818"],"id":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_02ba3ba6640437f7cf65290acca781173c0c2818","title_filing_ssi":"U.S. Army 89th Division,    1918 September 9-1918 September 30 .","title_ssm":["U.S. Army 89th Division,    1918 September 9-1918 September 30 ."],"title_tesim":["U.S. Army 89th Division,    1918 September 9-1918 September 30 ."],"normalized_title_ssm":["U.S. Army 89th Division,    1918 September 9-1918 September 30 ."],"text":["U.S. Army 89th Division,    1918 September 9-1918 September 30 .","Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","Papers pertaining to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division","Military documents to the 42nd Division from external military units."],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ssim":["umich-wcl-M-2370mac","al_0486ec705f14b82141300eea80836fd2432c2899","al_326b7163fc51c9d8d763f9ec914eb6fe8eb2ead7"],"parent_ssi":"al_326b7163fc51c9d8d763f9ec914eb6fe8eb2ead7","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-wcl-M-2370mac","umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_0486ec705f14b82141300eea80836fd2432c2899","umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_326b7163fc51c9d8d763f9ec914eb6fe8eb2ead7"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","Papers pertaining to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division","Military documents to the 42nd Division from external military units."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","Papers pertaining to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division","Military documents to the 42nd Division from external military units."],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. William L. Clements Library"],"collection_ssim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"extent_ssm":["3 TD Cys"],"extent_tesim":["3 TD Cys"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":89,"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#0/components#4","_nest_parent_":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_326b7163fc51c9d8d763f9ec914eb6fe8eb2ead7","_root_":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:25:17.168Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","title_ssm":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","MacArthur, Douglas collection"],"title_tesim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","MacArthur, Douglas collection"],"ead_ssi":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["wclmss001314"],"text":["wclmss001314","Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","Aisne, Battle of the, France, 1918.","Argonne, Battle of the, 1918.","Chateau-Thierry, Battle of, 1918.","Chemical Warfare.","Chemical Warfare--Safety Measures.","Chemical Weapons.","Communications, Military.","Gases, Asphyxiating and Poisonous--War Use.","Marne, 2nd Battle of the, France, 1918.","Military Assistance, French.","Military Intelligence.","Military Reconnaissance.","Saint-Mihiel (France), Battle of, 1918.","Signals and Signaling.","United States. Army.","United States--History--1913-1921.","World War, 1914-1918.","World War, 1914-1918--Aerial Operations.","World War, 1914-1918--Campaigns-France.","Books.","Diaries.","Diaries.","Letters (correspondence)","Newspapers.","Orders (military records)","Photographs.","The Douglas MacArthur collection has been organized into four series.  Within these series, the papers are separated into distinct sub-series groups. Series I: Correspondence and diaries Sub-series I: Letters and diary to Florence Adams (Box 1) Sub-series II: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell (Brooks) MacArthur (Box 1) Sub-series III: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr. (Box 1) Sub-series IV: Miscellaneous letters and documents pertaining to Douglas MacArthur (Box 1) Series II: Papers related to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division Sub-series I: Military documents to the 42nd Division from external military units (Boxes 1-2) Sub-series II: Military documents from the 42nd Division to various military units (Boxes 2-4) Sub-series III: Internal military documents from and to various military units in the 42nd Division. (Box 5) Sub-series IV: Kenneth A. Sutherland Notebook. (Box 6) Series III: Photographs and miscellaneous papers pertaining to Douglas MacArthur Sub-series I: Aerial photographs and negatives, 91st Reconnaissance Squadron. (Box 7) Sub-series II: Miscellaneous photographs and papers. (Box 8) Series IV:  Published works.","Douglas MacArthur","Douglas MacArthur was born on January 26, 1880, the youngest child of (Capt.) Arthur MacArthur (1845-1912) and Mary Pinkney Hardy (1852-1935). His siblings were Arthur (1876-1923), and Malcolm (1878-1883), who died before his seventh birthday. ","Douglas MacArthur graduated from West Texas Military Academy in 1897 as valedictorian and two years later entered West Point.  In 1903 he graduated as First Captain, West Point's highest honor.  In September 1903, he joined the 3rd Battalion Engineers in San Francisco, and almost immediately was sent to Manila, Philippines. The next year he was promoted to First Lieutenant, and in 1906 returned to the United States.  After being made Captain of Engineers at Leavenworth in 1911, MacArthur was assigned to Vera Cruz to report information to the War Department.  While serving as military aide to the Secretary of War in 1916, he conceived the idea of expanding the existing National Guard through volunteer enlistment and turned into combat divisions - an idea that would be used for the formation of the 42nd Division. ","In 1917, MacArthur was appointed Colonel and Chief of Staff of the 42nd (Rainbow) Division.  As Commander of the 84th Infantry Brigade, he led his troops during the vitally important Argonne Campaign in the last months of the war.  In 1919, the 42nd Division returned to the United States, and MacArthur accepted an appointment as Superintendent of West Point.  While there, he became permanent Brigadier General.  MacArthur married Louise Cromwell Brooks in 1922, the year he was posted to command the Philippine Division, but they divorced seven years later. In November 1929, MacArthur was promoted to General and chosen as the man to replace General Summerall as the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army.  In 1937, MacArthur married a second time - to Jean Marie Faircloth, and they had a son, Arthur, a year later. ","In December 1941, the Japanese Army attacked and defeated MacArthur's Philippine Army on the Bataan Peninsula.  The following March, MacArthur was ordered from the Philippines to command the Allied troops with Thomas Blamey.  For six months, MacArthur concentrated on the defense of New Guinea, which led to an ambitious counter-attack in January and February 1943.  On the day the Japanese surrendered, MacArthur was appointed Supreme Commander of Allied Powers. ","MacArthur remained in occupied Japan until 1950, orchestrating the reformation of the post-war country.  On the 29th of June, 1950, MacArthur went to South Korea with American forces to assess the situation after North Korea's invasion of South Korea.  This assessment led to Truman's commitment of U.S. troops to a ground war in Korea.  The North Koreans abandoned Seoul on September 28, 1950, after MacArthur's successful military plan to attack through Inchon.  As a result of the success of this campaign, China decided to enter the Korean War.  MacArthur was ordered by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Secretary of Defense, in conjunction with a U.N. resolution, to proceed north of the 38th parallel.  Chinese troops attacked, leading to the withdrawal of MacArthur's troops back south of the 38th.  By this time, MacArthur had disobeyed the military order to employ only Korean forces in the frontier provinces.  On the 24th of March, MacArthur issued a lengthy communiqué complaining about the restrictions on his forces and taunted the enemy for their lack of industrial power and inability to maintain even moderate air and naval power. This pronouncement and his previous insubordination caused President Truman to relieve MacArthur of his command. ","In April 1951, General Douglas MacArthur returned to San Francisco to thousands of cheering citizens.  On April 19 he presented his case regarding his relief of command to a joint session of congress.  During his remaining years, MacArthur traveled throughout the United States to make speeches, in which he often denounced communists and socialists, and spoke of corrupt administration and heavy taxation. At the age of 84, on April 5, 1964, Douglas MacArthur died in a hospital in Washington.","The 42nd (Rainbow) Division","The Rainbow Division was created in 1917 as a composite division of members of the Regular Army and the National Guard solely for use in the war in Europe.  The 42nd arrived in Europe in 1917 as the war was entering a new phase: Russia had dropped out of the war, America was joining the war, and Germany was racing to provide tremendous reinforcement before the American forces arrived. ","In February 1918 the 42nd Division, part of the First U.S. Army Corps, was ordered to the Luneville area for a month of training with French units from the 7th French Army Corps.  While there, the Rainbow Division distinguished itself as \"a first class combat Division.\" ","The first assignment for the 42nd was to relieve the 128th French Infantry Division from the Baccarat Sector.  In the war, this was the first time an American Division held a Sector on its own.  The Division successfully held the Baccarat Sector until relief orders were sent on June 16, 1918.  Two weeks later, the 42nd Division went to the front at the Battle of Champagne alongside the 21st French Army Corps.  After an attack by the Germans on the fifteenth of July, the 42nd assisted in the Champagne defense until the end of the battle (July 18).  The Sixth French Army Corps was given the Rainbow Division to pursue the supposedly retreating enemy at the Battle of the Ourcq from July 25-July 27, 1918. From July 28-August 1st, the Allies captured strongpoints of the German position.  August 2-August 3rd, the 42nd Division assisted in pursuing the enemy until relieved by the 4th Regular Division. ","After the Battle of the Ourcq, Douglas MacArthur was given command of the 84th Infantry Brigade (William Hughes, Jr., replaced him as Chief of Staff, 42nd Division).  In September, the Rainbow Division, then under the 4th American Army Corps, was ordered to attack the center of the south side of the San Mihiel Salient and was assigned to the defense of the Essey-Pannes Sector until September 30, when it was relieved by the 89th Division. ","On October 11-12, 1918, the Rainbow Division relieved the 1st Division on the Verdun front.  In order to break the 2nd German line of defense, the hill called The Cote de Chatillon had to be taken.  From October 13-16, Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur commanded the 84th Infantry Division to the successful capture of Hill 288 (a strongly fortified point on the Kreimhilde Stellung), the Tuilerie Ferme, and the Cote de Chatillon (beyond the enemy's strong line of resistance). ","The next attack took place November 1, 1918.  The 42nd Division provided machine gun fire for the advancement of the 2nd and 89th Divisions.  After this victory, and as a result of divisional rivalry (and a difference in opinion as to the exact nature of a memorandum), the 42nd and the 1st Divisions (of the First American Army Corps and the 5th American Army Corps respectively) 'raced' for the glory of partaking in the (potential) final engagement of the war, in Sedan.  On November 6-7, the Rainbow, the 4th French Army, and the 1st and 77th American Divisions, fought south of the Meuse (south of Sedan).  The fighting ended when the enemy requested an armistice on November 9, 1918.  The 42nd Division backed off and was able to claim that the Americans who got closest to Sedan were members of the 166th Infantry of the 83rd Infantry Brigade.  The armistice was signed two days later. ","The 42nd Division remained in France and occupied Germany until May 1, 1919, when the last unit arrived home. Less than two weeks later, the last Brigade was demobilized. ","The MacArthur collection contains 885 letters, documents, photographs, and published works dating from March 23, 1885, to July 5, 1983. The bulk of the material (710 items) consists of military documents and manuscript notes from September 8, 1917 to January 27, 1919.  ","The military materials include general orders, field orders, field messages, memoranda, intelligence, and communications, related to the U.S. 42nd Division (The Rainbow Division), A.E.F., founded in 1917.  The majority of the collection falls during the period of time from late 1917 to early August 1918, when Douglas MacArthur was Chief of Staff for the 42nd Division.  Documents from military units that fought alongside the 42nd Division (both French and American), the U.S. Chemical Warfare, and the Intelligence Divisions -- as well as various German, French, and American communications -- are included.  Organizational documents, such as training schedules, and march tables, are also present.  A considerable number, if not all, of these materials must have been approved or viewed by MacArthur, and many of the items in this collection bear his initials or the initials of his information assistant, William Hughes, Jr.  From early August 1918 until the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918, MacArthur acted as the commanding officer for the 84th Infantry Brigade, and several military orders bear his name. ","Seventy-six letters in the collection (located in Box 1) are either from Douglas MacArthur or pertain in some way to him.  Six of these items, dated 1904, pertain to MacArthur and Florence Adams, whom he met in the Philippines, including a 46-page diary MacArthur wrote to Adams while he was on board a ship from Manila to the United States.  Five letters, dated 1921 and 1925, are written by MacArthur to Louise Brooks who became Mrs. Douglas MacArthur in 1922.  These letters contain both romantic content as well as personal reflections on the events in MacArthur's life at the time.  Also included are nine letters from MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr., dated 1921-1934.  The remainder of the correspondence is a miscellaneous collection of letters written by Douglas MacArthur, Jean MacArthur, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Harry S. Truman, and others.","The Douglas MacArthur collection also contains a notebook kept by Kenneth A. Sutherland, veteran of the 42nd Division, which contains a selection of items related to the Division's post-war activities and reunions; 40 aerial photographs and negatives taken by the 91st Reconnaissance Squadron, October 10, 1918; several photographs of Douglas MacArthur; thirteen published works by or about the General; and other miscellaneous materials.","The Douglas MacArthur collection is made up of military documents related to General Douglas MacArthur and the 42nd (Rainbow) Division during the first World War, and miscellaneous letters, documents, photographs, published works, and one diary illuminating various aspects of the General's public career and personal life.","William L. Clements Library , University of Michigan","United States. Army--Artillery.","United States. Army--Artillery--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Communication Systems.","United States. Army--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Equipment.","United States. Army--Field Service.","United States. Army--History.","United States. Army--Information Services.","United States. Army--Medals, Badges, Decorations, etc.","United States. Army--Organization.","United States. Army--Records and Correspondence.","United States. Army--Safety Measures.","United States. Army--Sanitary Affairs.","United States. Army. Infantry Division, 42nd.","Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)","Brooks, Louise Cromwell.","Fish, Hamilton, 1849-1936.","Adams, Florence.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969.","Granara, J. Ralph.","Hughes, William.","Hunt, Haroldson L.","Kean, Robert Winthrop.","Luhrs, H. Ernst.","MacArthur, Arthur, 1845-1912.","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964.","MacArthur, Jean Faircloth.","Mark, Clark.","Menoher, Charles Thomas, 1862-1930 ","Rhodes, Weldon E.","Sutherland, Kenneth A.","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972.","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["wclmss001314"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"collection_title_tesim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"collection_ssim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. William L. Clements Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. William L. Clements Library"],"creator_ssm":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)"],"creator_ssim":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)"],"creators_ssim":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)"],"acqinfo_ssim":[" Donated by D. N. Diedrich, 1987-2013.   M-2370 et al ."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Aisne, Battle of the, France, 1918.","Argonne, Battle of the, 1918.","Chateau-Thierry, Battle of, 1918.","Chemical Warfare.","Chemical Warfare--Safety Measures.","Chemical Weapons.","Communications, Military.","Gases, Asphyxiating and Poisonous--War Use.","Marne, 2nd Battle of the, France, 1918.","Military Assistance, French.","Military Intelligence.","Military Reconnaissance.","Saint-Mihiel (France), Battle of, 1918.","Signals and Signaling.","United States. Army.","United States--History--1913-1921.","World War, 1914-1918.","World War, 1914-1918--Aerial Operations.","World War, 1914-1918--Campaigns-France.","Books.","Diaries.","Diaries.","Letters (correspondence)","Newspapers.","Orders (military records)","Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Aisne, Battle of the, France, 1918.","Argonne, Battle of the, 1918.","Chateau-Thierry, Battle of, 1918.","Chemical Warfare.","Chemical Warfare--Safety Measures.","Chemical Weapons.","Communications, Military.","Gases, Asphyxiating and Poisonous--War Use.","Marne, 2nd Battle of the, France, 1918.","Military Assistance, French.","Military Intelligence.","Military Reconnaissance.","Saint-Mihiel (France), Battle of, 1918.","Signals and Signaling.","United States. Army.","United States--History--1913-1921.","World War, 1914-1918.","World War, 1914-1918--Aerial Operations.","World War, 1914-1918--Campaigns-France.","Books.","Diaries.","Diaries.","Letters (correspondence)","Newspapers.","Orders (military records)","Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["885 items"],"extent_tesim":["885 items"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003clist\u003e\n            \u003chead\u003eThe Douglas MacArthur collection has been organized into four series.  Within these series, the papers are separated into distinct sub-series groups.\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003citem\u003eSeries I: Correspondence and diaries\u003clist\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series I: Letters and diary to Florence Adams (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series II: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell (Brooks) MacArthur (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series III: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr. (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series IV: Miscellaneous letters and documents pertaining to Douglas MacArthur (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n               \u003c/list\u003e\n            \u003c/item\u003e\n            \u003citem\u003eSeries II: Papers related to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division\u003clist\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series I: Military documents to the 42nd Division from external military units (Boxes 1-2)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series II: Military documents from the 42nd Division to various military units (Boxes 2-4)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series III: Internal military documents from and to various military units in the 42nd Division. (Box 5)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series IV: Kenneth A. Sutherland Notebook. (Box 6)\u003c/item\u003e\n               \u003c/list\u003e\n            \u003c/item\u003e\n            \u003citem\u003eSeries III: Photographs and miscellaneous papers pertaining to Douglas MacArthur\u003clist\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series I: Aerial photographs and negatives, 91st Reconnaissance Squadron. (Box 7)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series II: Miscellaneous photographs and papers. (Box 8)\u003c/item\u003e\n               \u003c/list\u003e\n            \u003c/item\u003e\n            \u003citem\u003eSeries IV:  Published works.\u003c/item\u003e\n         \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Douglas MacArthur collection has been organized into four series.  Within these series, the papers are separated into distinct sub-series groups. Series I: Correspondence and diaries Sub-series I: Letters and diary to Florence Adams (Box 1) Sub-series II: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell (Brooks) MacArthur (Box 1) Sub-series III: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr. (Box 1) Sub-series IV: Miscellaneous letters and documents pertaining to Douglas MacArthur (Box 1) Series II: Papers related to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division Sub-series I: Military documents to the 42nd Division from external military units (Boxes 1-2) Sub-series II: Military documents from the 42nd Division to various military units (Boxes 2-4) Sub-series III: Internal military documents from and to various military units in the 42nd Division. (Box 5) Sub-series IV: Kenneth A. Sutherland Notebook. (Box 6) Series III: Photographs and miscellaneous papers pertaining to Douglas MacArthur Sub-series I: Aerial photographs and negatives, 91st Reconnaissance Squadron. (Box 7) Sub-series II: Miscellaneous photographs and papers. (Box 8) Series IV:  Published works."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\n            \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\n               \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eDouglas MacArthur\u003c/emph\u003e\n            \u003c/emph\u003e\n         \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDouglas MacArthur was born on January 26, 1880, the youngest child of (Capt.) Arthur MacArthur (1845-1912) and Mary Pinkney Hardy (1852-1935). His siblings were Arthur (1876-1923), and Malcolm (1878-1883), who died before his seventh birthday. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDouglas MacArthur graduated from West Texas Military Academy in 1897 as valedictorian and two years later entered West Point.  In 1903 he graduated as First Captain, West Point's highest honor.  In September 1903, he joined the 3rd Battalion Engineers in San Francisco, and almost immediately was sent to Manila, Philippines. The next year he was promoted to First Lieutenant, and in 1906 returned to the United States.  After being made Captain of Engineers at Leavenworth in 1911, MacArthur was assigned to Vera Cruz to report information to the War Department.  While serving as military aide to the Secretary of War in 1916, he conceived the idea of expanding the existing National Guard through volunteer enlistment and turned into combat divisions - an idea that would be used for the formation of the 42nd Division. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1917, MacArthur was appointed Colonel and Chief of Staff of the 42nd (Rainbow) Division.  As Commander of the 84th Infantry Brigade, he led his troops during the vitally important Argonne Campaign in the last months of the war.  In 1919, the 42nd Division returned to the United States, and MacArthur accepted an appointment as Superintendent of West Point.  While there, he became permanent Brigadier General.  MacArthur married Louise Cromwell Brooks in 1922, the year he was posted to command the Philippine Division, but they divorced seven years later. In November 1929, MacArthur was promoted to General and chosen as the man to replace General Summerall as the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army.  In 1937, MacArthur married a second time - to Jean Marie Faircloth, and they had a son, Arthur, a year later. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn December 1941, the Japanese Army attacked and defeated MacArthur's Philippine Army on the Bataan Peninsula.  The following March, MacArthur was ordered from the Philippines to command the Allied troops with Thomas Blamey.  For six months, MacArthur concentrated on the defense of New Guinea, which led to an ambitious counter-attack in January and February 1943.  On the day the Japanese surrendered, MacArthur was appointed Supreme Commander of Allied Powers. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMacArthur remained in occupied Japan until 1950, orchestrating the reformation of the post-war country.  On the 29th of June, 1950, MacArthur went to South Korea with American forces to assess the situation after North Korea's invasion of South Korea.  This assessment led to Truman's commitment of U.S. troops to a ground war in Korea.  The North Koreans abandoned Seoul on September 28, 1950, after MacArthur's successful military plan to attack through Inchon.  As a result of the success of this campaign, China decided to enter the Korean War.  MacArthur was ordered by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Secretary of Defense, in conjunction with a U.N. resolution, to proceed north of the 38th parallel.  Chinese troops attacked, leading to the withdrawal of MacArthur's troops back south of the 38th.  By this time, MacArthur had disobeyed the military order to employ only Korean forces in the frontier provinces.  On the 24th of March, MacArthur issued a lengthy communiqué complaining about the restrictions on his forces and taunted the enemy for their lack of industrial power and inability to maintain even moderate air and naval power. This pronouncement and his previous insubordination caused President Truman to relieve MacArthur of his command. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn April 1951, General Douglas MacArthur returned to San Francisco to thousands of cheering citizens.  On April 19 he presented his case regarding his relief of command to a joint session of congress.  During his remaining years, MacArthur traveled throughout the United States to make speeches, in which he often denounced communists and socialists, and spoke of corrupt administration and heavy taxation. At the age of 84, on April 5, 1964, Douglas MacArthur died in a hospital in Washington.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n            \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\n               \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eThe 42nd (Rainbow) Division\u003c/emph\u003e\n            \u003c/emph\u003e\n         \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Rainbow Division was created in 1917 as a composite division of members of the Regular Army and the National Guard solely for use in the war in Europe.  The 42nd arrived in Europe in 1917 as the war was entering a new phase: Russia had dropped out of the war, America was joining the war, and Germany was racing to provide tremendous reinforcement before the American forces arrived. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn February 1918 the 42nd Division, part of the First U.S. Army Corps, was ordered to the Luneville area for a month of training with French units from the 7th French Army Corps.  While there, the Rainbow Division distinguished itself as \"a first class combat Division.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first assignment for the 42nd was to relieve the 128th French Infantry Division from the Baccarat Sector.  In the war, this was the first time an American Division held a Sector on its own.  The Division successfully held the Baccarat Sector until relief orders were sent on June 16, 1918.  Two weeks later, the 42nd Division went to the front at the Battle of Champagne alongside the 21st French Army Corps.  After an attack by the Germans on the fifteenth of July, the 42nd assisted in the Champagne defense until the end of the battle (July 18).  The Sixth French Army Corps was given the Rainbow Division to pursue the supposedly retreating enemy at the Battle of the Ourcq from July 25-July 27, 1918. From July 28-August 1st, the Allies captured strongpoints of the German position.  August 2-August 3rd, the 42nd Division assisted in pursuing the enemy until relieved by the 4th Regular Division. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the Battle of the Ourcq, Douglas MacArthur was given command of the 84th Infantry Brigade (William Hughes, Jr., replaced him as Chief of Staff, 42nd Division).  In September, the Rainbow Division, then under the 4th American Army Corps, was ordered to attack the center of the south side of the San Mihiel Salient and was assigned to the defense of the Essey-Pannes Sector until September 30, when it was relieved by the 89th Division. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn October 11-12, 1918, the Rainbow Division relieved the 1st Division on the Verdun front.  In order to break the 2nd German line of defense, the hill called The Cote de Chatillon had to be taken.  From October 13-16, Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur commanded the 84th Infantry Division to the successful capture of Hill 288 (a strongly fortified point on the Kreimhilde Stellung), the Tuilerie Ferme, and the Cote de Chatillon (beyond the enemy's strong line of resistance). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe next attack took place November 1, 1918.  The 42nd Division provided machine gun fire for the advancement of the 2nd and 89th Divisions.  After this victory, and as a result of divisional rivalry (and a difference in opinion as to the exact nature of a memorandum), the 42nd and the 1st Divisions (of the First American Army Corps and the 5th American Army Corps respectively) 'raced' for the glory of partaking in the (potential) final engagement of the war, in Sedan.  On November 6-7, the Rainbow, the 4th French Army, and the 1st and 77th American Divisions, fought south of the Meuse (south of Sedan).  The fighting ended when the enemy requested an armistice on November 9, 1918.  The 42nd Division backed off and was able to claim that the Americans who got closest to Sedan were members of the 166th Infantry of the 83rd Infantry Brigade.  The armistice was signed two days later. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 42nd Division remained in France and occupied Germany until May 1, 1919, when the last unit arrived home. Less than two weeks later, the last Brigade was demobilized. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biography"],"bioghist_tesim":["Douglas MacArthur","Douglas MacArthur was born on January 26, 1880, the youngest child of (Capt.) Arthur MacArthur (1845-1912) and Mary Pinkney Hardy (1852-1935). His siblings were Arthur (1876-1923), and Malcolm (1878-1883), who died before his seventh birthday. ","Douglas MacArthur graduated from West Texas Military Academy in 1897 as valedictorian and two years later entered West Point.  In 1903 he graduated as First Captain, West Point's highest honor.  In September 1903, he joined the 3rd Battalion Engineers in San Francisco, and almost immediately was sent to Manila, Philippines. The next year he was promoted to First Lieutenant, and in 1906 returned to the United States.  After being made Captain of Engineers at Leavenworth in 1911, MacArthur was assigned to Vera Cruz to report information to the War Department.  While serving as military aide to the Secretary of War in 1916, he conceived the idea of expanding the existing National Guard through volunteer enlistment and turned into combat divisions - an idea that would be used for the formation of the 42nd Division. ","In 1917, MacArthur was appointed Colonel and Chief of Staff of the 42nd (Rainbow) Division.  As Commander of the 84th Infantry Brigade, he led his troops during the vitally important Argonne Campaign in the last months of the war.  In 1919, the 42nd Division returned to the United States, and MacArthur accepted an appointment as Superintendent of West Point.  While there, he became permanent Brigadier General.  MacArthur married Louise Cromwell Brooks in 1922, the year he was posted to command the Philippine Division, but they divorced seven years later. In November 1929, MacArthur was promoted to General and chosen as the man to replace General Summerall as the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army.  In 1937, MacArthur married a second time - to Jean Marie Faircloth, and they had a son, Arthur, a year later. ","In December 1941, the Japanese Army attacked and defeated MacArthur's Philippine Army on the Bataan Peninsula.  The following March, MacArthur was ordered from the Philippines to command the Allied troops with Thomas Blamey.  For six months, MacArthur concentrated on the defense of New Guinea, which led to an ambitious counter-attack in January and February 1943.  On the day the Japanese surrendered, MacArthur was appointed Supreme Commander of Allied Powers. ","MacArthur remained in occupied Japan until 1950, orchestrating the reformation of the post-war country.  On the 29th of June, 1950, MacArthur went to South Korea with American forces to assess the situation after North Korea's invasion of South Korea.  This assessment led to Truman's commitment of U.S. troops to a ground war in Korea.  The North Koreans abandoned Seoul on September 28, 1950, after MacArthur's successful military plan to attack through Inchon.  As a result of the success of this campaign, China decided to enter the Korean War.  MacArthur was ordered by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Secretary of Defense, in conjunction with a U.N. resolution, to proceed north of the 38th parallel.  Chinese troops attacked, leading to the withdrawal of MacArthur's troops back south of the 38th.  By this time, MacArthur had disobeyed the military order to employ only Korean forces in the frontier provinces.  On the 24th of March, MacArthur issued a lengthy communiqué complaining about the restrictions on his forces and taunted the enemy for their lack of industrial power and inability to maintain even moderate air and naval power. This pronouncement and his previous insubordination caused President Truman to relieve MacArthur of his command. ","In April 1951, General Douglas MacArthur returned to San Francisco to thousands of cheering citizens.  On April 19 he presented his case regarding his relief of command to a joint session of congress.  During his remaining years, MacArthur traveled throughout the United States to make speeches, in which he often denounced communists and socialists, and spoke of corrupt administration and heavy taxation. At the age of 84, on April 5, 1964, Douglas MacArthur died in a hospital in Washington.","The 42nd (Rainbow) Division","The Rainbow Division was created in 1917 as a composite division of members of the Regular Army and the National Guard solely for use in the war in Europe.  The 42nd arrived in Europe in 1917 as the war was entering a new phase: Russia had dropped out of the war, America was joining the war, and Germany was racing to provide tremendous reinforcement before the American forces arrived. ","In February 1918 the 42nd Division, part of the First U.S. Army Corps, was ordered to the Luneville area for a month of training with French units from the 7th French Army Corps.  While there, the Rainbow Division distinguished itself as \"a first class combat Division.\" ","The first assignment for the 42nd was to relieve the 128th French Infantry Division from the Baccarat Sector.  In the war, this was the first time an American Division held a Sector on its own.  The Division successfully held the Baccarat Sector until relief orders were sent on June 16, 1918.  Two weeks later, the 42nd Division went to the front at the Battle of Champagne alongside the 21st French Army Corps.  After an attack by the Germans on the fifteenth of July, the 42nd assisted in the Champagne defense until the end of the battle (July 18).  The Sixth French Army Corps was given the Rainbow Division to pursue the supposedly retreating enemy at the Battle of the Ourcq from July 25-July 27, 1918. From July 28-August 1st, the Allies captured strongpoints of the German position.  August 2-August 3rd, the 42nd Division assisted in pursuing the enemy until relieved by the 4th Regular Division. ","After the Battle of the Ourcq, Douglas MacArthur was given command of the 84th Infantry Brigade (William Hughes, Jr., replaced him as Chief of Staff, 42nd Division).  In September, the Rainbow Division, then under the 4th American Army Corps, was ordered to attack the center of the south side of the San Mihiel Salient and was assigned to the defense of the Essey-Pannes Sector until September 30, when it was relieved by the 89th Division. ","On October 11-12, 1918, the Rainbow Division relieved the 1st Division on the Verdun front.  In order to break the 2nd German line of defense, the hill called The Cote de Chatillon had to be taken.  From October 13-16, Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur commanded the 84th Infantry Division to the successful capture of Hill 288 (a strongly fortified point on the Kreimhilde Stellung), the Tuilerie Ferme, and the Cote de Chatillon (beyond the enemy's strong line of resistance). ","The next attack took place November 1, 1918.  The 42nd Division provided machine gun fire for the advancement of the 2nd and 89th Divisions.  After this victory, and as a result of divisional rivalry (and a difference in opinion as to the exact nature of a memorandum), the 42nd and the 1st Divisions (of the First American Army Corps and the 5th American Army Corps respectively) 'raced' for the glory of partaking in the (potential) final engagement of the war, in Sedan.  On November 6-7, the Rainbow, the 4th French Army, and the 1st and 77th American Divisions, fought south of the Meuse (south of Sedan).  The fighting ended when the enemy requested an armistice on November 9, 1918.  The 42nd Division backed off and was able to claim that the Americans who got closest to Sedan were members of the 166th Infantry of the 83rd Infantry Brigade.  The armistice was signed two days later. ","The 42nd Division remained in France and occupied Germany until May 1, 1919, when the last unit arrived home. Less than two weeks later, the last Brigade was demobilized. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe MacArthur collection contains 885 letters, documents, photographs, and published works dating from March 23, 1885, to July 5, 1983. The bulk of the material (710 items) consists of military documents and manuscript notes from September 8, 1917 to January 27, 1919.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe military materials include general orders, field orders, field messages, memoranda, intelligence, and communications, related to the U.S. 42nd Division (The Rainbow Division), A.E.F., founded in 1917.  The majority of the collection falls during the period of time from late 1917 to early August 1918, when Douglas MacArthur was Chief of Staff for the 42nd Division.  Documents from military units that fought alongside the 42nd Division (both French and American), the U.S. Chemical Warfare, and the Intelligence Divisions -- as well as various German, French, and American communications -- are included.  Organizational documents, such as training schedules, and march tables, are also present.  A considerable number, if not all, of these materials must have been approved or viewed by MacArthur, and many of the items in this collection bear his initials or the initials of his information assistant, William Hughes, Jr.  From early August 1918 until the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918, MacArthur acted as the commanding officer for the 84th Infantry Brigade, and several military orders bear his name. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeventy-six letters in the collection (located in Box 1) are either from Douglas MacArthur or pertain in some way to him.  Six of these items, dated 1904, pertain to MacArthur and Florence Adams, whom he met in the Philippines, including a 46-page diary MacArthur wrote to Adams while he was on board a ship from Manila to the United States.  Five letters, dated 1921 and 1925, are written by MacArthur to Louise Brooks who became Mrs. Douglas MacArthur in 1922.  These letters contain both romantic content as well as personal reflections on the events in MacArthur's life at the time.  Also included are nine letters from MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr., dated 1921-1934.  The remainder of the correspondence is a miscellaneous collection of letters written by Douglas MacArthur, Jean MacArthur, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Harry S. Truman, and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Douglas MacArthur collection also contains a notebook kept by Kenneth A. Sutherland, veteran of the 42nd Division, which contains a selection of items related to the Division's post-war activities and reunions; 40 aerial photographs and negatives taken by the 91st Reconnaissance Squadron, October 10, 1918; several photographs of Douglas MacArthur; thirteen published works by or about the General; and other miscellaneous materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The MacArthur collection contains 885 letters, documents, photographs, and published works dating from March 23, 1885, to July 5, 1983. The bulk of the material (710 items) consists of military documents and manuscript notes from September 8, 1917 to January 27, 1919.  ","The military materials include general orders, field orders, field messages, memoranda, intelligence, and communications, related to the U.S. 42nd Division (The Rainbow Division), A.E.F., founded in 1917.  The majority of the collection falls during the period of time from late 1917 to early August 1918, when Douglas MacArthur was Chief of Staff for the 42nd Division.  Documents from military units that fought alongside the 42nd Division (both French and American), the U.S. Chemical Warfare, and the Intelligence Divisions -- as well as various German, French, and American communications -- are included.  Organizational documents, such as training schedules, and march tables, are also present.  A considerable number, if not all, of these materials must have been approved or viewed by MacArthur, and many of the items in this collection bear his initials or the initials of his information assistant, William Hughes, Jr.  From early August 1918 until the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918, MacArthur acted as the commanding officer for the 84th Infantry Brigade, and several military orders bear his name. ","Seventy-six letters in the collection (located in Box 1) are either from Douglas MacArthur or pertain in some way to him.  Six of these items, dated 1904, pertain to MacArthur and Florence Adams, whom he met in the Philippines, including a 46-page diary MacArthur wrote to Adams while he was on board a ship from Manila to the United States.  Five letters, dated 1921 and 1925, are written by MacArthur to Louise Brooks who became Mrs. Douglas MacArthur in 1922.  These letters contain both romantic content as well as personal reflections on the events in MacArthur's life at the time.  Also included are nine letters from MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr., dated 1921-1934.  The remainder of the correspondence is a miscellaneous collection of letters written by Douglas MacArthur, Jean MacArthur, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Harry S. Truman, and others.","The Douglas MacArthur collection also contains a notebook kept by Kenneth A. Sutherland, veteran of the 42nd Division, which contains a selection of items related to the Division's post-war activities and reunions; 40 aerial photographs and negatives taken by the 91st Reconnaissance Squadron, October 10, 1918; several photographs of Douglas MacArthur; thirteen published works by or about the General; and other miscellaneous materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract\u003eThe Douglas MacArthur collection is made up of military documents related to General Douglas MacArthur and the 42nd (Rainbow) Division during the first World War, and miscellaneous letters, documents, photographs, published works, and one diary illuminating various aspects of the General's public career and personal life.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Douglas MacArthur collection is made up of military documents related to General Douglas MacArthur and the 42nd (Rainbow) Division during the first World War, and miscellaneous letters, documents, photographs, published works, and one diary illuminating various aspects of the General's public career and personal life."],"names_ssim":["William L. Clements Library , University of Michigan","United States. Army--Artillery.","United States. Army--Artillery--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Communication Systems.","United States. Army--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Equipment.","United States. Army--Field Service.","United States. Army--History.","United States. Army--Information Services.","United States. Army--Medals, Badges, Decorations, etc.","United States. Army--Organization.","United States. Army--Records and Correspondence.","United States. Army--Safety Measures.","United States. Army--Sanitary Affairs.","United States. Army. Infantry Division, 42nd.","Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)","Brooks, Louise Cromwell.","Fish, Hamilton, 1849-1936.","Adams, Florence.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969.","Granara, J. Ralph.","Hughes, William.","Hunt, Haroldson L.","Kean, Robert Winthrop.","Luhrs, H. Ernst.","MacArthur, Arthur, 1845-1912.","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964.","MacArthur, Jean Faircloth.","Mark, Clark.","Menoher, Charles Thomas, 1862-1930 ","Rhodes, Weldon E.","Sutherland, Kenneth A.","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972."],"corpname_ssim":["William L. Clements Library , University of Michigan","United States. Army--Artillery.","United States. Army--Artillery--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Communication Systems.","United States. Army--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Equipment.","United States. Army--Field Service.","United States. Army--History.","United States. Army--Information Services.","United States. Army--Medals, Badges, Decorations, etc.","United States. Army--Organization.","United States. Army--Records and Correspondence.","United States. Army--Safety Measures.","United States. Army--Sanitary Affairs.","United States. Army. Infantry Division, 42nd."],"persname_ssim":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)","Brooks, Louise Cromwell.","Fish, Hamilton, 1849-1936.","Adams, Florence.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969.","Granara, J. Ralph.","Hughes, William.","Hunt, Haroldson L.","Kean, Robert Winthrop.","Luhrs, H. Ernst.","MacArthur, Arthur, 1845-1912.","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964.","MacArthur, Jean Faircloth.","Mark, Clark.","Menoher, Charles Thomas, 1862-1930 ","Rhodes, Weldon E.","Sutherland, Kenneth A.","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972."],"language_ssim":["The material is in  English"],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":154,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:25:17.168Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_02ba3ba6640437f7cf65290acca781173c0c2818"}},{"id":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_e3ae5d25f3f2fd98930ed43bcb9907a4a5457265","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Whitney, Courtney.   Macarthur:  His Rendezvous with History  .  New York, Knopf, 1956.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_e3ae5d25f3f2fd98930ed43bcb9907a4a5457265#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"al_e3ae5d25f3f2fd98930ed43bcb9907a4a5457265","ref_ssm":["al_e3ae5d25f3f2fd98930ed43bcb9907a4a5457265","al_e3ae5d25f3f2fd98930ed43bcb9907a4a5457265"],"id":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_e3ae5d25f3f2fd98930ed43bcb9907a4a5457265","title_filing_ssi":"Whitney, Courtney.   Macarthur:  His Rendezvous with History  .  New York, Knopf, 1956.","title_ssm":["Whitney, Courtney.   Macarthur:  His Rendezvous with History  .  New York, Knopf, 1956."],"title_tesim":["Whitney, Courtney.   Macarthur:  His Rendezvous with History  .  New York, Knopf, 1956."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Whitney, Courtney.   Macarthur:  His Rendezvous with History  .  New York, Knopf, 1956."],"text":["Whitney, Courtney.   Macarthur:  His Rendezvous with History  .  New York, Knopf, 1956.","Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","Published works","volume 12"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["umich-wcl-M-2370mac","al_574566bfbba3186ce933182cecab615674c8432e"],"parent_ssi":"al_574566bfbba3186ce933182cecab615674c8432e","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-wcl-M-2370mac","umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_574566bfbba3186ce933182cecab615674c8432e"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","Published works"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","Published works"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. William L. Clements Library"],"collection_ssim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":149,"containers_ssim":["volume 12"],"_nest_path_":"/components#3/components#11","_nest_parent_":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_574566bfbba3186ce933182cecab615674c8432e","_root_":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:25:17.168Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","title_ssm":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","MacArthur, Douglas collection"],"title_tesim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","MacArthur, Douglas collection"],"ead_ssi":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["wclmss001314"],"text":["wclmss001314","Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","Aisne, Battle of the, France, 1918.","Argonne, Battle of the, 1918.","Chateau-Thierry, Battle of, 1918.","Chemical Warfare.","Chemical Warfare--Safety Measures.","Chemical Weapons.","Communications, Military.","Gases, Asphyxiating and Poisonous--War Use.","Marne, 2nd Battle of the, France, 1918.","Military Assistance, French.","Military Intelligence.","Military Reconnaissance.","Saint-Mihiel (France), Battle of, 1918.","Signals and Signaling.","United States. Army.","United States--History--1913-1921.","World War, 1914-1918.","World War, 1914-1918--Aerial Operations.","World War, 1914-1918--Campaigns-France.","Books.","Diaries.","Diaries.","Letters (correspondence)","Newspapers.","Orders (military records)","Photographs.","The Douglas MacArthur collection has been organized into four series.  Within these series, the papers are separated into distinct sub-series groups. Series I: Correspondence and diaries Sub-series I: Letters and diary to Florence Adams (Box 1) Sub-series II: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell (Brooks) MacArthur (Box 1) Sub-series III: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr. (Box 1) Sub-series IV: Miscellaneous letters and documents pertaining to Douglas MacArthur (Box 1) Series II: Papers related to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division Sub-series I: Military documents to the 42nd Division from external military units (Boxes 1-2) Sub-series II: Military documents from the 42nd Division to various military units (Boxes 2-4) Sub-series III: Internal military documents from and to various military units in the 42nd Division. (Box 5) Sub-series IV: Kenneth A. Sutherland Notebook. (Box 6) Series III: Photographs and miscellaneous papers pertaining to Douglas MacArthur Sub-series I: Aerial photographs and negatives, 91st Reconnaissance Squadron. (Box 7) Sub-series II: Miscellaneous photographs and papers. (Box 8) Series IV:  Published works.","Douglas MacArthur","Douglas MacArthur was born on January 26, 1880, the youngest child of (Capt.) Arthur MacArthur (1845-1912) and Mary Pinkney Hardy (1852-1935). His siblings were Arthur (1876-1923), and Malcolm (1878-1883), who died before his seventh birthday. ","Douglas MacArthur graduated from West Texas Military Academy in 1897 as valedictorian and two years later entered West Point.  In 1903 he graduated as First Captain, West Point's highest honor.  In September 1903, he joined the 3rd Battalion Engineers in San Francisco, and almost immediately was sent to Manila, Philippines. The next year he was promoted to First Lieutenant, and in 1906 returned to the United States.  After being made Captain of Engineers at Leavenworth in 1911, MacArthur was assigned to Vera Cruz to report information to the War Department.  While serving as military aide to the Secretary of War in 1916, he conceived the idea of expanding the existing National Guard through volunteer enlistment and turned into combat divisions - an idea that would be used for the formation of the 42nd Division. ","In 1917, MacArthur was appointed Colonel and Chief of Staff of the 42nd (Rainbow) Division.  As Commander of the 84th Infantry Brigade, he led his troops during the vitally important Argonne Campaign in the last months of the war.  In 1919, the 42nd Division returned to the United States, and MacArthur accepted an appointment as Superintendent of West Point.  While there, he became permanent Brigadier General.  MacArthur married Louise Cromwell Brooks in 1922, the year he was posted to command the Philippine Division, but they divorced seven years later. In November 1929, MacArthur was promoted to General and chosen as the man to replace General Summerall as the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army.  In 1937, MacArthur married a second time - to Jean Marie Faircloth, and they had a son, Arthur, a year later. ","In December 1941, the Japanese Army attacked and defeated MacArthur's Philippine Army on the Bataan Peninsula.  The following March, MacArthur was ordered from the Philippines to command the Allied troops with Thomas Blamey.  For six months, MacArthur concentrated on the defense of New Guinea, which led to an ambitious counter-attack in January and February 1943.  On the day the Japanese surrendered, MacArthur was appointed Supreme Commander of Allied Powers. ","MacArthur remained in occupied Japan until 1950, orchestrating the reformation of the post-war country.  On the 29th of June, 1950, MacArthur went to South Korea with American forces to assess the situation after North Korea's invasion of South Korea.  This assessment led to Truman's commitment of U.S. troops to a ground war in Korea.  The North Koreans abandoned Seoul on September 28, 1950, after MacArthur's successful military plan to attack through Inchon.  As a result of the success of this campaign, China decided to enter the Korean War.  MacArthur was ordered by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Secretary of Defense, in conjunction with a U.N. resolution, to proceed north of the 38th parallel.  Chinese troops attacked, leading to the withdrawal of MacArthur's troops back south of the 38th.  By this time, MacArthur had disobeyed the military order to employ only Korean forces in the frontier provinces.  On the 24th of March, MacArthur issued a lengthy communiqué complaining about the restrictions on his forces and taunted the enemy for their lack of industrial power and inability to maintain even moderate air and naval power. This pronouncement and his previous insubordination caused President Truman to relieve MacArthur of his command. ","In April 1951, General Douglas MacArthur returned to San Francisco to thousands of cheering citizens.  On April 19 he presented his case regarding his relief of command to a joint session of congress.  During his remaining years, MacArthur traveled throughout the United States to make speeches, in which he often denounced communists and socialists, and spoke of corrupt administration and heavy taxation. At the age of 84, on April 5, 1964, Douglas MacArthur died in a hospital in Washington.","The 42nd (Rainbow) Division","The Rainbow Division was created in 1917 as a composite division of members of the Regular Army and the National Guard solely for use in the war in Europe.  The 42nd arrived in Europe in 1917 as the war was entering a new phase: Russia had dropped out of the war, America was joining the war, and Germany was racing to provide tremendous reinforcement before the American forces arrived. ","In February 1918 the 42nd Division, part of the First U.S. Army Corps, was ordered to the Luneville area for a month of training with French units from the 7th French Army Corps.  While there, the Rainbow Division distinguished itself as \"a first class combat Division.\" ","The first assignment for the 42nd was to relieve the 128th French Infantry Division from the Baccarat Sector.  In the war, this was the first time an American Division held a Sector on its own.  The Division successfully held the Baccarat Sector until relief orders were sent on June 16, 1918.  Two weeks later, the 42nd Division went to the front at the Battle of Champagne alongside the 21st French Army Corps.  After an attack by the Germans on the fifteenth of July, the 42nd assisted in the Champagne defense until the end of the battle (July 18).  The Sixth French Army Corps was given the Rainbow Division to pursue the supposedly retreating enemy at the Battle of the Ourcq from July 25-July 27, 1918. From July 28-August 1st, the Allies captured strongpoints of the German position.  August 2-August 3rd, the 42nd Division assisted in pursuing the enemy until relieved by the 4th Regular Division. ","After the Battle of the Ourcq, Douglas MacArthur was given command of the 84th Infantry Brigade (William Hughes, Jr., replaced him as Chief of Staff, 42nd Division).  In September, the Rainbow Division, then under the 4th American Army Corps, was ordered to attack the center of the south side of the San Mihiel Salient and was assigned to the defense of the Essey-Pannes Sector until September 30, when it was relieved by the 89th Division. ","On October 11-12, 1918, the Rainbow Division relieved the 1st Division on the Verdun front.  In order to break the 2nd German line of defense, the hill called The Cote de Chatillon had to be taken.  From October 13-16, Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur commanded the 84th Infantry Division to the successful capture of Hill 288 (a strongly fortified point on the Kreimhilde Stellung), the Tuilerie Ferme, and the Cote de Chatillon (beyond the enemy's strong line of resistance). ","The next attack took place November 1, 1918.  The 42nd Division provided machine gun fire for the advancement of the 2nd and 89th Divisions.  After this victory, and as a result of divisional rivalry (and a difference in opinion as to the exact nature of a memorandum), the 42nd and the 1st Divisions (of the First American Army Corps and the 5th American Army Corps respectively) 'raced' for the glory of partaking in the (potential) final engagement of the war, in Sedan.  On November 6-7, the Rainbow, the 4th French Army, and the 1st and 77th American Divisions, fought south of the Meuse (south of Sedan).  The fighting ended when the enemy requested an armistice on November 9, 1918.  The 42nd Division backed off and was able to claim that the Americans who got closest to Sedan were members of the 166th Infantry of the 83rd Infantry Brigade.  The armistice was signed two days later. ","The 42nd Division remained in France and occupied Germany until May 1, 1919, when the last unit arrived home. Less than two weeks later, the last Brigade was demobilized. ","The MacArthur collection contains 885 letters, documents, photographs, and published works dating from March 23, 1885, to July 5, 1983. The bulk of the material (710 items) consists of military documents and manuscript notes from September 8, 1917 to January 27, 1919.  ","The military materials include general orders, field orders, field messages, memoranda, intelligence, and communications, related to the U.S. 42nd Division (The Rainbow Division), A.E.F., founded in 1917.  The majority of the collection falls during the period of time from late 1917 to early August 1918, when Douglas MacArthur was Chief of Staff for the 42nd Division.  Documents from military units that fought alongside the 42nd Division (both French and American), the U.S. Chemical Warfare, and the Intelligence Divisions -- as well as various German, French, and American communications -- are included.  Organizational documents, such as training schedules, and march tables, are also present.  A considerable number, if not all, of these materials must have been approved or viewed by MacArthur, and many of the items in this collection bear his initials or the initials of his information assistant, William Hughes, Jr.  From early August 1918 until the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918, MacArthur acted as the commanding officer for the 84th Infantry Brigade, and several military orders bear his name. ","Seventy-six letters in the collection (located in Box 1) are either from Douglas MacArthur or pertain in some way to him.  Six of these items, dated 1904, pertain to MacArthur and Florence Adams, whom he met in the Philippines, including a 46-page diary MacArthur wrote to Adams while he was on board a ship from Manila to the United States.  Five letters, dated 1921 and 1925, are written by MacArthur to Louise Brooks who became Mrs. Douglas MacArthur in 1922.  These letters contain both romantic content as well as personal reflections on the events in MacArthur's life at the time.  Also included are nine letters from MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr., dated 1921-1934.  The remainder of the correspondence is a miscellaneous collection of letters written by Douglas MacArthur, Jean MacArthur, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Harry S. Truman, and others.","The Douglas MacArthur collection also contains a notebook kept by Kenneth A. Sutherland, veteran of the 42nd Division, which contains a selection of items related to the Division's post-war activities and reunions; 40 aerial photographs and negatives taken by the 91st Reconnaissance Squadron, October 10, 1918; several photographs of Douglas MacArthur; thirteen published works by or about the General; and other miscellaneous materials.","The Douglas MacArthur collection is made up of military documents related to General Douglas MacArthur and the 42nd (Rainbow) Division during the first World War, and miscellaneous letters, documents, photographs, published works, and one diary illuminating various aspects of the General's public career and personal life.","William L. Clements Library , University of Michigan","United States. Army--Artillery.","United States. Army--Artillery--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Communication Systems.","United States. Army--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Equipment.","United States. Army--Field Service.","United States. Army--History.","United States. Army--Information Services.","United States. Army--Medals, Badges, Decorations, etc.","United States. Army--Organization.","United States. Army--Records and Correspondence.","United States. Army--Safety Measures.","United States. Army--Sanitary Affairs.","United States. Army. Infantry Division, 42nd.","Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)","Brooks, Louise Cromwell.","Fish, Hamilton, 1849-1936.","Adams, Florence.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969.","Granara, J. Ralph.","Hughes, William.","Hunt, Haroldson L.","Kean, Robert Winthrop.","Luhrs, H. Ernst.","MacArthur, Arthur, 1845-1912.","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964.","MacArthur, Jean Faircloth.","Mark, Clark.","Menoher, Charles Thomas, 1862-1930 ","Rhodes, Weldon E.","Sutherland, Kenneth A.","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972.","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["wclmss001314"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"collection_title_tesim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"collection_ssim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. William L. Clements Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. William L. Clements Library"],"creator_ssm":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)"],"creator_ssim":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)"],"creators_ssim":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)"],"acqinfo_ssim":[" Donated by D. N. Diedrich, 1987-2013.   M-2370 et al ."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Aisne, Battle of the, France, 1918.","Argonne, Battle of the, 1918.","Chateau-Thierry, Battle of, 1918.","Chemical Warfare.","Chemical Warfare--Safety Measures.","Chemical Weapons.","Communications, Military.","Gases, Asphyxiating and Poisonous--War Use.","Marne, 2nd Battle of the, France, 1918.","Military Assistance, French.","Military Intelligence.","Military Reconnaissance.","Saint-Mihiel (France), Battle of, 1918.","Signals and Signaling.","United States. Army.","United States--History--1913-1921.","World War, 1914-1918.","World War, 1914-1918--Aerial Operations.","World War, 1914-1918--Campaigns-France.","Books.","Diaries.","Diaries.","Letters (correspondence)","Newspapers.","Orders (military records)","Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Aisne, Battle of the, France, 1918.","Argonne, Battle of the, 1918.","Chateau-Thierry, Battle of, 1918.","Chemical Warfare.","Chemical Warfare--Safety Measures.","Chemical Weapons.","Communications, Military.","Gases, Asphyxiating and Poisonous--War Use.","Marne, 2nd Battle of the, France, 1918.","Military Assistance, French.","Military Intelligence.","Military Reconnaissance.","Saint-Mihiel (France), Battle of, 1918.","Signals and Signaling.","United States. Army.","United States--History--1913-1921.","World War, 1914-1918.","World War, 1914-1918--Aerial Operations.","World War, 1914-1918--Campaigns-France.","Books.","Diaries.","Diaries.","Letters (correspondence)","Newspapers.","Orders (military records)","Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["885 items"],"extent_tesim":["885 items"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003clist\u003e\n            \u003chead\u003eThe Douglas MacArthur collection has been organized into four series.  Within these series, the papers are separated into distinct sub-series groups.\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003citem\u003eSeries I: Correspondence and diaries\u003clist\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series I: Letters and diary to Florence Adams (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series II: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell (Brooks) MacArthur (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series III: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr. (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series IV: Miscellaneous letters and documents pertaining to Douglas MacArthur (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n               \u003c/list\u003e\n            \u003c/item\u003e\n            \u003citem\u003eSeries II: Papers related to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division\u003clist\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series I: Military documents to the 42nd Division from external military units (Boxes 1-2)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series II: Military documents from the 42nd Division to various military units (Boxes 2-4)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series III: Internal military documents from and to various military units in the 42nd Division. (Box 5)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series IV: Kenneth A. Sutherland Notebook. (Box 6)\u003c/item\u003e\n               \u003c/list\u003e\n            \u003c/item\u003e\n            \u003citem\u003eSeries III: Photographs and miscellaneous papers pertaining to Douglas MacArthur\u003clist\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series I: Aerial photographs and negatives, 91st Reconnaissance Squadron. (Box 7)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series II: Miscellaneous photographs and papers. (Box 8)\u003c/item\u003e\n               \u003c/list\u003e\n            \u003c/item\u003e\n            \u003citem\u003eSeries IV:  Published works.\u003c/item\u003e\n         \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Douglas MacArthur collection has been organized into four series.  Within these series, the papers are separated into distinct sub-series groups. Series I: Correspondence and diaries Sub-series I: Letters and diary to Florence Adams (Box 1) Sub-series II: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell (Brooks) MacArthur (Box 1) Sub-series III: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr. (Box 1) Sub-series IV: Miscellaneous letters and documents pertaining to Douglas MacArthur (Box 1) Series II: Papers related to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division Sub-series I: Military documents to the 42nd Division from external military units (Boxes 1-2) Sub-series II: Military documents from the 42nd Division to various military units (Boxes 2-4) Sub-series III: Internal military documents from and to various military units in the 42nd Division. (Box 5) Sub-series IV: Kenneth A. Sutherland Notebook. (Box 6) Series III: Photographs and miscellaneous papers pertaining to Douglas MacArthur Sub-series I: Aerial photographs and negatives, 91st Reconnaissance Squadron. (Box 7) Sub-series II: Miscellaneous photographs and papers. (Box 8) Series IV:  Published works."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\n            \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\n               \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eDouglas MacArthur\u003c/emph\u003e\n            \u003c/emph\u003e\n         \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDouglas MacArthur was born on January 26, 1880, the youngest child of (Capt.) Arthur MacArthur (1845-1912) and Mary Pinkney Hardy (1852-1935). His siblings were Arthur (1876-1923), and Malcolm (1878-1883), who died before his seventh birthday. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDouglas MacArthur graduated from West Texas Military Academy in 1897 as valedictorian and two years later entered West Point.  In 1903 he graduated as First Captain, West Point's highest honor.  In September 1903, he joined the 3rd Battalion Engineers in San Francisco, and almost immediately was sent to Manila, Philippines. The next year he was promoted to First Lieutenant, and in 1906 returned to the United States.  After being made Captain of Engineers at Leavenworth in 1911, MacArthur was assigned to Vera Cruz to report information to the War Department.  While serving as military aide to the Secretary of War in 1916, he conceived the idea of expanding the existing National Guard through volunteer enlistment and turned into combat divisions - an idea that would be used for the formation of the 42nd Division. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1917, MacArthur was appointed Colonel and Chief of Staff of the 42nd (Rainbow) Division.  As Commander of the 84th Infantry Brigade, he led his troops during the vitally important Argonne Campaign in the last months of the war.  In 1919, the 42nd Division returned to the United States, and MacArthur accepted an appointment as Superintendent of West Point.  While there, he became permanent Brigadier General.  MacArthur married Louise Cromwell Brooks in 1922, the year he was posted to command the Philippine Division, but they divorced seven years later. In November 1929, MacArthur was promoted to General and chosen as the man to replace General Summerall as the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army.  In 1937, MacArthur married a second time - to Jean Marie Faircloth, and they had a son, Arthur, a year later. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn December 1941, the Japanese Army attacked and defeated MacArthur's Philippine Army on the Bataan Peninsula.  The following March, MacArthur was ordered from the Philippines to command the Allied troops with Thomas Blamey.  For six months, MacArthur concentrated on the defense of New Guinea, which led to an ambitious counter-attack in January and February 1943.  On the day the Japanese surrendered, MacArthur was appointed Supreme Commander of Allied Powers. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMacArthur remained in occupied Japan until 1950, orchestrating the reformation of the post-war country.  On the 29th of June, 1950, MacArthur went to South Korea with American forces to assess the situation after North Korea's invasion of South Korea.  This assessment led to Truman's commitment of U.S. troops to a ground war in Korea.  The North Koreans abandoned Seoul on September 28, 1950, after MacArthur's successful military plan to attack through Inchon.  As a result of the success of this campaign, China decided to enter the Korean War.  MacArthur was ordered by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Secretary of Defense, in conjunction with a U.N. resolution, to proceed north of the 38th parallel.  Chinese troops attacked, leading to the withdrawal of MacArthur's troops back south of the 38th.  By this time, MacArthur had disobeyed the military order to employ only Korean forces in the frontier provinces.  On the 24th of March, MacArthur issued a lengthy communiqué complaining about the restrictions on his forces and taunted the enemy for their lack of industrial power and inability to maintain even moderate air and naval power. This pronouncement and his previous insubordination caused President Truman to relieve MacArthur of his command. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn April 1951, General Douglas MacArthur returned to San Francisco to thousands of cheering citizens.  On April 19 he presented his case regarding his relief of command to a joint session of congress.  During his remaining years, MacArthur traveled throughout the United States to make speeches, in which he often denounced communists and socialists, and spoke of corrupt administration and heavy taxation. At the age of 84, on April 5, 1964, Douglas MacArthur died in a hospital in Washington.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n            \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\n               \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eThe 42nd (Rainbow) Division\u003c/emph\u003e\n            \u003c/emph\u003e\n         \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Rainbow Division was created in 1917 as a composite division of members of the Regular Army and the National Guard solely for use in the war in Europe.  The 42nd arrived in Europe in 1917 as the war was entering a new phase: Russia had dropped out of the war, America was joining the war, and Germany was racing to provide tremendous reinforcement before the American forces arrived. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn February 1918 the 42nd Division, part of the First U.S. Army Corps, was ordered to the Luneville area for a month of training with French units from the 7th French Army Corps.  While there, the Rainbow Division distinguished itself as \"a first class combat Division.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first assignment for the 42nd was to relieve the 128th French Infantry Division from the Baccarat Sector.  In the war, this was the first time an American Division held a Sector on its own.  The Division successfully held the Baccarat Sector until relief orders were sent on June 16, 1918.  Two weeks later, the 42nd Division went to the front at the Battle of Champagne alongside the 21st French Army Corps.  After an attack by the Germans on the fifteenth of July, the 42nd assisted in the Champagne defense until the end of the battle (July 18).  The Sixth French Army Corps was given the Rainbow Division to pursue the supposedly retreating enemy at the Battle of the Ourcq from July 25-July 27, 1918. From July 28-August 1st, the Allies captured strongpoints of the German position.  August 2-August 3rd, the 42nd Division assisted in pursuing the enemy until relieved by the 4th Regular Division. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the Battle of the Ourcq, Douglas MacArthur was given command of the 84th Infantry Brigade (William Hughes, Jr., replaced him as Chief of Staff, 42nd Division).  In September, the Rainbow Division, then under the 4th American Army Corps, was ordered to attack the center of the south side of the San Mihiel Salient and was assigned to the defense of the Essey-Pannes Sector until September 30, when it was relieved by the 89th Division. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn October 11-12, 1918, the Rainbow Division relieved the 1st Division on the Verdun front.  In order to break the 2nd German line of defense, the hill called The Cote de Chatillon had to be taken.  From October 13-16, Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur commanded the 84th Infantry Division to the successful capture of Hill 288 (a strongly fortified point on the Kreimhilde Stellung), the Tuilerie Ferme, and the Cote de Chatillon (beyond the enemy's strong line of resistance). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe next attack took place November 1, 1918.  The 42nd Division provided machine gun fire for the advancement of the 2nd and 89th Divisions.  After this victory, and as a result of divisional rivalry (and a difference in opinion as to the exact nature of a memorandum), the 42nd and the 1st Divisions (of the First American Army Corps and the 5th American Army Corps respectively) 'raced' for the glory of partaking in the (potential) final engagement of the war, in Sedan.  On November 6-7, the Rainbow, the 4th French Army, and the 1st and 77th American Divisions, fought south of the Meuse (south of Sedan).  The fighting ended when the enemy requested an armistice on November 9, 1918.  The 42nd Division backed off and was able to claim that the Americans who got closest to Sedan were members of the 166th Infantry of the 83rd Infantry Brigade.  The armistice was signed two days later. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 42nd Division remained in France and occupied Germany until May 1, 1919, when the last unit arrived home. Less than two weeks later, the last Brigade was demobilized. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biography"],"bioghist_tesim":["Douglas MacArthur","Douglas MacArthur was born on January 26, 1880, the youngest child of (Capt.) Arthur MacArthur (1845-1912) and Mary Pinkney Hardy (1852-1935). His siblings were Arthur (1876-1923), and Malcolm (1878-1883), who died before his seventh birthday. ","Douglas MacArthur graduated from West Texas Military Academy in 1897 as valedictorian and two years later entered West Point.  In 1903 he graduated as First Captain, West Point's highest honor.  In September 1903, he joined the 3rd Battalion Engineers in San Francisco, and almost immediately was sent to Manila, Philippines. The next year he was promoted to First Lieutenant, and in 1906 returned to the United States.  After being made Captain of Engineers at Leavenworth in 1911, MacArthur was assigned to Vera Cruz to report information to the War Department.  While serving as military aide to the Secretary of War in 1916, he conceived the idea of expanding the existing National Guard through volunteer enlistment and turned into combat divisions - an idea that would be used for the formation of the 42nd Division. ","In 1917, MacArthur was appointed Colonel and Chief of Staff of the 42nd (Rainbow) Division.  As Commander of the 84th Infantry Brigade, he led his troops during the vitally important Argonne Campaign in the last months of the war.  In 1919, the 42nd Division returned to the United States, and MacArthur accepted an appointment as Superintendent of West Point.  While there, he became permanent Brigadier General.  MacArthur married Louise Cromwell Brooks in 1922, the year he was posted to command the Philippine Division, but they divorced seven years later. In November 1929, MacArthur was promoted to General and chosen as the man to replace General Summerall as the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army.  In 1937, MacArthur married a second time - to Jean Marie Faircloth, and they had a son, Arthur, a year later. ","In December 1941, the Japanese Army attacked and defeated MacArthur's Philippine Army on the Bataan Peninsula.  The following March, MacArthur was ordered from the Philippines to command the Allied troops with Thomas Blamey.  For six months, MacArthur concentrated on the defense of New Guinea, which led to an ambitious counter-attack in January and February 1943.  On the day the Japanese surrendered, MacArthur was appointed Supreme Commander of Allied Powers. ","MacArthur remained in occupied Japan until 1950, orchestrating the reformation of the post-war country.  On the 29th of June, 1950, MacArthur went to South Korea with American forces to assess the situation after North Korea's invasion of South Korea.  This assessment led to Truman's commitment of U.S. troops to a ground war in Korea.  The North Koreans abandoned Seoul on September 28, 1950, after MacArthur's successful military plan to attack through Inchon.  As a result of the success of this campaign, China decided to enter the Korean War.  MacArthur was ordered by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Secretary of Defense, in conjunction with a U.N. resolution, to proceed north of the 38th parallel.  Chinese troops attacked, leading to the withdrawal of MacArthur's troops back south of the 38th.  By this time, MacArthur had disobeyed the military order to employ only Korean forces in the frontier provinces.  On the 24th of March, MacArthur issued a lengthy communiqué complaining about the restrictions on his forces and taunted the enemy for their lack of industrial power and inability to maintain even moderate air and naval power. This pronouncement and his previous insubordination caused President Truman to relieve MacArthur of his command. ","In April 1951, General Douglas MacArthur returned to San Francisco to thousands of cheering citizens.  On April 19 he presented his case regarding his relief of command to a joint session of congress.  During his remaining years, MacArthur traveled throughout the United States to make speeches, in which he often denounced communists and socialists, and spoke of corrupt administration and heavy taxation. At the age of 84, on April 5, 1964, Douglas MacArthur died in a hospital in Washington.","The 42nd (Rainbow) Division","The Rainbow Division was created in 1917 as a composite division of members of the Regular Army and the National Guard solely for use in the war in Europe.  The 42nd arrived in Europe in 1917 as the war was entering a new phase: Russia had dropped out of the war, America was joining the war, and Germany was racing to provide tremendous reinforcement before the American forces arrived. ","In February 1918 the 42nd Division, part of the First U.S. Army Corps, was ordered to the Luneville area for a month of training with French units from the 7th French Army Corps.  While there, the Rainbow Division distinguished itself as \"a first class combat Division.\" ","The first assignment for the 42nd was to relieve the 128th French Infantry Division from the Baccarat Sector.  In the war, this was the first time an American Division held a Sector on its own.  The Division successfully held the Baccarat Sector until relief orders were sent on June 16, 1918.  Two weeks later, the 42nd Division went to the front at the Battle of Champagne alongside the 21st French Army Corps.  After an attack by the Germans on the fifteenth of July, the 42nd assisted in the Champagne defense until the end of the battle (July 18).  The Sixth French Army Corps was given the Rainbow Division to pursue the supposedly retreating enemy at the Battle of the Ourcq from July 25-July 27, 1918. From July 28-August 1st, the Allies captured strongpoints of the German position.  August 2-August 3rd, the 42nd Division assisted in pursuing the enemy until relieved by the 4th Regular Division. ","After the Battle of the Ourcq, Douglas MacArthur was given command of the 84th Infantry Brigade (William Hughes, Jr., replaced him as Chief of Staff, 42nd Division).  In September, the Rainbow Division, then under the 4th American Army Corps, was ordered to attack the center of the south side of the San Mihiel Salient and was assigned to the defense of the Essey-Pannes Sector until September 30, when it was relieved by the 89th Division. ","On October 11-12, 1918, the Rainbow Division relieved the 1st Division on the Verdun front.  In order to break the 2nd German line of defense, the hill called The Cote de Chatillon had to be taken.  From October 13-16, Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur commanded the 84th Infantry Division to the successful capture of Hill 288 (a strongly fortified point on the Kreimhilde Stellung), the Tuilerie Ferme, and the Cote de Chatillon (beyond the enemy's strong line of resistance). ","The next attack took place November 1, 1918.  The 42nd Division provided machine gun fire for the advancement of the 2nd and 89th Divisions.  After this victory, and as a result of divisional rivalry (and a difference in opinion as to the exact nature of a memorandum), the 42nd and the 1st Divisions (of the First American Army Corps and the 5th American Army Corps respectively) 'raced' for the glory of partaking in the (potential) final engagement of the war, in Sedan.  On November 6-7, the Rainbow, the 4th French Army, and the 1st and 77th American Divisions, fought south of the Meuse (south of Sedan).  The fighting ended when the enemy requested an armistice on November 9, 1918.  The 42nd Division backed off and was able to claim that the Americans who got closest to Sedan were members of the 166th Infantry of the 83rd Infantry Brigade.  The armistice was signed two days later. ","The 42nd Division remained in France and occupied Germany until May 1, 1919, when the last unit arrived home. Less than two weeks later, the last Brigade was demobilized. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe MacArthur collection contains 885 letters, documents, photographs, and published works dating from March 23, 1885, to July 5, 1983. The bulk of the material (710 items) consists of military documents and manuscript notes from September 8, 1917 to January 27, 1919.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe military materials include general orders, field orders, field messages, memoranda, intelligence, and communications, related to the U.S. 42nd Division (The Rainbow Division), A.E.F., founded in 1917.  The majority of the collection falls during the period of time from late 1917 to early August 1918, when Douglas MacArthur was Chief of Staff for the 42nd Division.  Documents from military units that fought alongside the 42nd Division (both French and American), the U.S. Chemical Warfare, and the Intelligence Divisions -- as well as various German, French, and American communications -- are included.  Organizational documents, such as training schedules, and march tables, are also present.  A considerable number, if not all, of these materials must have been approved or viewed by MacArthur, and many of the items in this collection bear his initials or the initials of his information assistant, William Hughes, Jr.  From early August 1918 until the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918, MacArthur acted as the commanding officer for the 84th Infantry Brigade, and several military orders bear his name. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeventy-six letters in the collection (located in Box 1) are either from Douglas MacArthur or pertain in some way to him.  Six of these items, dated 1904, pertain to MacArthur and Florence Adams, whom he met in the Philippines, including a 46-page diary MacArthur wrote to Adams while he was on board a ship from Manila to the United States.  Five letters, dated 1921 and 1925, are written by MacArthur to Louise Brooks who became Mrs. Douglas MacArthur in 1922.  These letters contain both romantic content as well as personal reflections on the events in MacArthur's life at the time.  Also included are nine letters from MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr., dated 1921-1934.  The remainder of the correspondence is a miscellaneous collection of letters written by Douglas MacArthur, Jean MacArthur, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Harry S. Truman, and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Douglas MacArthur collection also contains a notebook kept by Kenneth A. Sutherland, veteran of the 42nd Division, which contains a selection of items related to the Division's post-war activities and reunions; 40 aerial photographs and negatives taken by the 91st Reconnaissance Squadron, October 10, 1918; several photographs of Douglas MacArthur; thirteen published works by or about the General; and other miscellaneous materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The MacArthur collection contains 885 letters, documents, photographs, and published works dating from March 23, 1885, to July 5, 1983. The bulk of the material (710 items) consists of military documents and manuscript notes from September 8, 1917 to January 27, 1919.  ","The military materials include general orders, field orders, field messages, memoranda, intelligence, and communications, related to the U.S. 42nd Division (The Rainbow Division), A.E.F., founded in 1917.  The majority of the collection falls during the period of time from late 1917 to early August 1918, when Douglas MacArthur was Chief of Staff for the 42nd Division.  Documents from military units that fought alongside the 42nd Division (both French and American), the U.S. Chemical Warfare, and the Intelligence Divisions -- as well as various German, French, and American communications -- are included.  Organizational documents, such as training schedules, and march tables, are also present.  A considerable number, if not all, of these materials must have been approved or viewed by MacArthur, and many of the items in this collection bear his initials or the initials of his information assistant, William Hughes, Jr.  From early August 1918 until the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918, MacArthur acted as the commanding officer for the 84th Infantry Brigade, and several military orders bear his name. ","Seventy-six letters in the collection (located in Box 1) are either from Douglas MacArthur or pertain in some way to him.  Six of these items, dated 1904, pertain to MacArthur and Florence Adams, whom he met in the Philippines, including a 46-page diary MacArthur wrote to Adams while he was on board a ship from Manila to the United States.  Five letters, dated 1921 and 1925, are written by MacArthur to Louise Brooks who became Mrs. Douglas MacArthur in 1922.  These letters contain both romantic content as well as personal reflections on the events in MacArthur's life at the time.  Also included are nine letters from MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr., dated 1921-1934.  The remainder of the correspondence is a miscellaneous collection of letters written by Douglas MacArthur, Jean MacArthur, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Harry S. Truman, and others.","The Douglas MacArthur collection also contains a notebook kept by Kenneth A. Sutherland, veteran of the 42nd Division, which contains a selection of items related to the Division's post-war activities and reunions; 40 aerial photographs and negatives taken by the 91st Reconnaissance Squadron, October 10, 1918; several photographs of Douglas MacArthur; thirteen published works by or about the General; and other miscellaneous materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract\u003eThe Douglas MacArthur collection is made up of military documents related to General Douglas MacArthur and the 42nd (Rainbow) Division during the first World War, and miscellaneous letters, documents, photographs, published works, and one diary illuminating various aspects of the General's public career and personal life.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Douglas MacArthur collection is made up of military documents related to General Douglas MacArthur and the 42nd (Rainbow) Division during the first World War, and miscellaneous letters, documents, photographs, published works, and one diary illuminating various aspects of the General's public career and personal life."],"names_ssim":["William L. Clements Library , University of Michigan","United States. Army--Artillery.","United States. Army--Artillery--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Communication Systems.","United States. Army--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Equipment.","United States. Army--Field Service.","United States. Army--History.","United States. Army--Information Services.","United States. Army--Medals, Badges, Decorations, etc.","United States. Army--Organization.","United States. Army--Records and Correspondence.","United States. Army--Safety Measures.","United States. Army--Sanitary Affairs.","United States. Army. Infantry Division, 42nd.","Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)","Brooks, Louise Cromwell.","Fish, Hamilton, 1849-1936.","Adams, Florence.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969.","Granara, J. Ralph.","Hughes, William.","Hunt, Haroldson L.","Kean, Robert Winthrop.","Luhrs, H. Ernst.","MacArthur, Arthur, 1845-1912.","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964.","MacArthur, Jean Faircloth.","Mark, Clark.","Menoher, Charles Thomas, 1862-1930 ","Rhodes, Weldon E.","Sutherland, Kenneth A.","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972."],"corpname_ssim":["William L. Clements Library , University of Michigan","United States. Army--Artillery.","United States. Army--Artillery--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Communication Systems.","United States. Army--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Equipment.","United States. Army--Field Service.","United States. Army--History.","United States. Army--Information Services.","United States. Army--Medals, Badges, Decorations, etc.","United States. Army--Organization.","United States. Army--Records and Correspondence.","United States. Army--Safety Measures.","United States. Army--Sanitary Affairs.","United States. Army. Infantry Division, 42nd."],"persname_ssim":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)","Brooks, Louise Cromwell.","Fish, Hamilton, 1849-1936.","Adams, Florence.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969.","Granara, J. Ralph.","Hughes, William.","Hunt, Haroldson L.","Kean, Robert Winthrop.","Luhrs, H. Ernst.","MacArthur, Arthur, 1845-1912.","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964.","MacArthur, Jean Faircloth.","Mark, Clark.","Menoher, Charles Thomas, 1862-1930 ","Rhodes, Weldon E.","Sutherland, Kenneth A.","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972."],"language_ssim":["The material is in  English"],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":154,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:25:17.168Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_e3ae5d25f3f2fd98930ed43bcb9907a4a5457265"}},{"id":"reimagining_aspace_e85fab984481a4860484895ce9f4500a","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"Wilson_Lois.mp3","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/reimagining_aspace_e85fab984481a4860484895ce9f4500a#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_e85fab984481a4860484895ce9f4500a","ref_ssm":["aspace_e85fab984481a4860484895ce9f4500a","aspace_e85fab984481a4860484895ce9f4500a"],"id":"reimagining_aspace_e85fab984481a4860484895ce9f4500a","title_filing_ssi":"Wilson_Lois.mp3","title_ssm":["Wilson_Lois.mp3"],"title_tesim":["Wilson_Lois.mp3"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Wilson_Lois.mp3"],"text":["Wilson_Lois.mp3","Re-Imagining Collection, 1993-2016","Oral History Interviews, 2015-2016","Wilson, Lois, 2018-03-17","digital-materials RL11352-SET-0002","e-folder RL11352-LFF-0002"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ssim":["reimagining","aspace_f08d141f66b3e7894d65cdf5c3b4efc6","aspace_716affff415d7a79f268affedb18f393"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_716affff415d7a79f268affedb18f393","parent_ids_ssim":["reimagining","reimagining_aspace_f08d141f66b3e7894d65cdf5c3b4efc6","reimagining_aspace_716affff415d7a79f268affedb18f393"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Re-Imagining Collection, 1993-2016","Oral History Interviews, 2015-2016","Wilson, Lois, 2018-03-17"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Re-Imagining Collection, 1993-2016","Oral History Interviews, 2015-2016","Wilson, Lois, 2018-03-17"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","File"],"repository_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"collection_ssim":["Re-Imagining Collection, 1993-2016"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":76,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"containers_ssim":["digital-materials RL11352-SET-0002","e-folder RL11352-LFF-0002"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#68/components#0","_nest_parent_":"reimagining_aspace_716affff415d7a79f268affedb18f393","_root_":"reimagining","timestamp":"2025-02-18T22:58:40.698Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"reimagining","title_ssm":["Re-Imagining Collection"],"title_tesim":["Re-Imagining Collection"],"ead_ssi":"reimagining","unitdate_ssm":["1993-2016"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1993-2016"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RL.11352"],"text":["RL.11352","Re-Imagining Collection, 1993-2016","Feminist theology","Re-Imagining Conference (1993 :\n        Minneapolis, Minn.)","Ecumenical Decade of the Churches in\n        Solidarity with Women (Program)","Collection is open for research.","Oral histories arranged alphabetically, conference materials arranged chronologically.","Re-Imagining: A Global Theological Conference By Women: For Men and Women, was organized by\n        Mary Ann Lundy (Director of the Presbyterian Church USA's Women's Unit), Sally Hill, and\n        other mainline protestant leaders in the United States, to be part of the World Council of\n        Churches' Ecumenical Decade: Churches in Solidarity with Women 1988–1998. The 2,200\n        attendees, met at the Minneapolis Convention Center on November 4 to 7, 1993, participating\n        in presentations and rituals re-imagining male-centric images and language of traditional\n        Christianity.","Dr. Sherry Jordon was awarded her Ph.D in Theology from Yale in 1995 and is currently\n        Associate Professor of Theology at the University of St. Thomas. She specializes in\n        historical theology, particularly the Reformation period, and Women's Studies. Jordon served\n        on the Coordinating Council of the Re-Imagining Community from 1998-2003, spoke at the 2003\n        Re-Imagining Gathering, and wrote an essay on feminist theology for Bless Sophia: Worship,\n        Liturgy, and Ritual of the Re-Imagining Community. As part of her current research on the\n        history and theology of Re-Imagining, she completed sixty-five oral interviews with members\n        of the Re-Imagining Community, leading feminist and womanist theologians who presented at\n        the conferences, people who were on the national staff of the women's units in the\n        Presbyterian (USA) and United Methodist churches, and authors who have written books related\n        to Christian feminism and/or Re-Imagining.","Processed by Craig Breaden, April, 2017","Accessions described in this collection guide: 2016-0317","Re-Imagining is an ecumenical, radical, Christian movement focused on creating ways of\n        understanding Womanist, Feminist, Mujerista, and Asian Feminist theologies, and opening\n        spaces for dialogue with the church, diverse religious communities, and the world.\n        Eighty-two audio files comprise an oral history project by Sherry E. Jordon with 72\n        participants in the Re-Imagining conferences, including the first gathering in 1993,\n        Re-Imagining: A Global Theological Conference By Women: For Men and Women. Additionally, 127\n        mp3 files and 79 audiocassettes comprising Re-Imagining conference sessions and rituals from\n        gatherings in 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, and 2000, as well as papers documenting Jordon's\n        work with Re-Imagining. Interviewees and speakers include Martha O. Adams, Jann\n        Aldredge-Clanton, Gail Allan, Elizabeth Andrew, Diana Butler Bass, Mary Farrell Bednarowski,\n        Elizabeth Bettenhausen, Nadean Bishop, Kathy Black, Donna Blackstock, Steven Blons, Robert\n        Brinkley, Rita Nakashima Brock, John M. Buchanan, Nancy Chinn, Faye Christensen, Hyun Kyung\n        Chung, Susan Cole, J. Ann Craig, Susan Halcomb Craig, Kathy Deacon-Weber, Sister Holy Spirit\n        DeSouza, Heather Murray Elkins, Sara M. Evans, Marylee Fithian, Mary Gates, Marchelle\n        Hallman, Susan Hames, Robin Henry, Maren Hinderlie, José Hobday, Mary E. Hunt, Pamela Carter\n        Joern, Sally Howell Johnson, Katie Johnson, Barbara Anne Keely, Betty Kersting, Judith Allen\n        Kim, Annie Wu King, Rebecca Lynn Kiser, Mary Kuhns, Pui-lan Kwok, Barbara Lund, Barbara K.\n        Lundblad, Mary Ann Weese Lundy, Katherine Austin Mahle, Eily Marlow, Joan M. Martin, Mary\n        Kaye Medinger, Joyce Ann Mercer, Virginia R. Mollenkott, Melanie S. Morrison, Susan\n        Morrison, Mary Clark Moschella, Vivian Jenkins Nelsen, Randy Nelson, Christie Neuger, John\n        Niles, Manley Olson, Ofelia Ortega, Doris Pagelkopf, Rebecca Todd Peters, Virginia Pharr,\n        Joy Mincey Powell, Mary Preus, Anne Primavesi, Bernice Johnson Reagon, Jo Ringgenberg, Mary\n        Kay Sauter, Jeanyne B. Slettom, Jerie Smith, Joyce D. Sohl, Hilda Spann, Allison Stokes,\n        John Strausz-Clement, Judith Strausz-Clement, Sue Swanson, Hal Taussig, Margaret Thomas,\n        Rebecca Tollefson, Carmen Valenzuela, Johanna W.H. Van Wijk-Bos, Emily Wigger, Delores S.\n        Williams, Eugenia Williams, Lois Wilson, and Miriam Therese Winter.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library.","Re-Imagining is an ecumenical, radical,\n        Christian movement focused on creating ways of understanding Womanist, Feminist, Mujerista,\n        and Asian Feminist theologies, and opening spaces for dialogue with the church, diverse\n        religious communities, and the world. Eighty-two audio files comprise an oral history\n        project by Sherry E. Jordon with 73 participants in the Re-Imagining conferences, including\n        the first gathering in 1993, Re-Imagining: A Global Theological Conference By Women: For Men\n        and Women. Additionally, 127 mp3 files and 79 audiocassettes comprising Re-Imagining\n        conference sessions and rituals from gatherings in 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, and 2000,\n        as well as three linear feet of papers documenting Jordon's work with\n        Re-Imagining.","David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","Andrew, Elizabeth, 1969-","Bass, Diana Butler, 1959-","Bednarowski, Mary Farrell","Bettenhausen, Elizabeth","Bishop, Nadean","Black, Kathy, 1956-","Blackstock, Donna, 1942-","Blons, Steven","Brinkley, Robert","Brock, Rita Nakashima","Buchanan, John M., 1938-","Chinn, Nancy, 1940-","Christensen, Faye, 1944-","Chung, Hyun Kyung","Cole, Susan, 1945-","Craig, J. 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(Joan Marie)","Medinger, Mary Kaye, 1946-","Mercer, Joyce Ann, 1957-","Mollenkott, Virginia R.","Morrison, Susan, 1943-","Moschella, Mary Clark","Nelsen, Vivian Jenkins","Nelson, Randy, 1941-","Niles, John, 1945-","Olson, Manley, 1936-","Pagelkopf, Doris, 1938-","Peters, Rebecca Todd","Pharr, Virginia","Powell, Joy Mincey","Preus, Mary","Primavesi, Anne, 1934-","Reagon, Bernice Johnson, 1942-","Ringgenberg, Jo","Sauter, Mary Kay","Slettom, Jeanyne B.","Smith, Jerie","Sohl, Joyce D.","Stokes, Allison, 1942-","Strausz-Clement, John","Strausz-Clement, Judith","Swanson, Sue","Taussig, Hal","Thomas, Margaret","Tollefson, Rebecca","Valenzuela, Carmen","Van Wijk-Bos, Johanna W. H., 1940-","Wigger, Emily","Williams, Delores S.","Williams, Eugenia","Winter, Miriam Therese","Spann, Hilda","Ortega, Ofelia","Morrison, Melanie, 1949-","Adams, Martha O.","Aldredge-Clanton, Jann, 1946-","Allan, Gail, 1954-","Neuger, Christine Cozad, 1952-","Wilson, Lois","English","English","Materials in English"],"unitid_tesim":["RL.11352"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1993-2016"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Re-Imagining Collection, 1993-2016"],"collection_title_tesim":["Re-Imagining Collection, 1993-2016"],"collection_ssim":["Re-Imagining Collection, 1993-2016"],"repository_ssm":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"repository_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Re-Imagining Collection was received by the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n        Manuscript Library as a gift in 2016."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Feminist theology","Re-Imagining Conference (1993 :\n        Minneapolis, Minn.)","Ecumenical Decade of the Churches in\n        Solidarity with Women (Program)"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Feminist theology","Re-Imagining Conference (1993 :\n        Minneapolis, Minn.)","Ecumenical Decade of the Churches in\n        Solidarity with Women (Program)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["3 Linear Feet Two boxes of audio cassettes, one box of papers.","5.7 Gigabytes MP3 audio files, electronic text files"],"extent_tesim":["3 Linear Feet Two boxes of audio cassettes, one box of papers.","5.7 Gigabytes MP3 audio files, electronic text files"],"date_range_isim":[1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013,2014,2015,2016,2017],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOral histories arranged alphabetically, conference materials arranged chronologically.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Oral histories arranged alphabetically, conference materials arranged chronologically."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRe-Imagining: A Global Theological Conference By Women: For Men and Women, was organized by\n        Mary Ann Lundy (Director of the Presbyterian Church USA's Women's Unit), Sally Hill, and\n        other mainline protestant leaders in the United States, to be part of the World Council of\n        Churches' Ecumenical Decade: Churches in Solidarity with Women 1988–1998. The 2,200\n        attendees, met at the Minneapolis Convention Center on November 4 to 7, 1993, participating\n        in presentations and rituals re-imagining male-centric images and language of traditional\n        Christianity.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDr. Sherry Jordon was awarded her Ph.D in Theology from Yale in 1995 and is currently\n        Associate Professor of Theology at the University of St. Thomas. She specializes in\n        historical theology, particularly the Reformation period, and Women's Studies. Jordon served\n        on the Coordinating Council of the Re-Imagining Community from 1998-2003, spoke at the 2003\n        Re-Imagining Gathering, and wrote an essay on feminist theology for Bless Sophia: Worship,\n        Liturgy, and Ritual of the Re-Imagining Community. As part of her current research on the\n        history and theology of Re-Imagining, she completed sixty-five oral interviews with members\n        of the Re-Imagining Community, leading feminist and womanist theologians who presented at\n        the conferences, people who were on the national staff of the women's units in the\n        Presbyterian (USA) and United Methodist churches, and authors who have written books related\n        to Christian feminism and/or Re-Imagining.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical note","Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Re-Imagining: A Global Theological Conference By Women: For Men and Women, was organized by\n        Mary Ann Lundy (Director of the Presbyterian Church USA's Women's Unit), Sally Hill, and\n        other mainline protestant leaders in the United States, to be part of the World Council of\n        Churches' Ecumenical Decade: Churches in Solidarity with Women 1988–1998. The 2,200\n        attendees, met at the Minneapolis Convention Center on November 4 to 7, 1993, participating\n        in presentations and rituals re-imagining male-centric images and language of traditional\n        Christianity.","Dr. Sherry Jordon was awarded her Ph.D in Theology from Yale in 1995 and is currently\n        Associate Professor of Theology at the University of St. Thomas. She specializes in\n        historical theology, particularly the Reformation period, and Women's Studies. Jordon served\n        on the Coordinating Council of the Re-Imagining Community from 1998-2003, spoke at the 2003\n        Re-Imagining Gathering, and wrote an essay on feminist theology for Bless Sophia: Worship,\n        Liturgy, and Ritual of the Re-Imagining Community. As part of her current research on the\n        history and theology of Re-Imagining, she completed sixty-five oral interviews with members\n        of the Re-Imagining Community, leading feminist and womanist theologians who presented at\n        the conferences, people who were on the national staff of the women's units in the\n        Presbyterian (USA) and United Methodist churches, and authors who have written books related\n        to Christian feminism and/or Re-Imagining."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Re-Imagining Collection, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n        Manuscript Library, Duke University.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Re-Imagining Collection, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n        Manuscript Library, Duke University."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Craig Breaden, April, 2017\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAccessions described in this collection guide: 2016-0317\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Craig Breaden, April, 2017","Accessions described in this collection guide: 2016-0317"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRe-Imagining is an ecumenical, radical, Christian movement focused on creating ways of\n        understanding Womanist, Feminist, Mujerista, and Asian Feminist theologies, and opening\n        spaces for dialogue with the church, diverse religious communities, and the world.\n        Eighty-two audio files comprise an oral history project by Sherry E. Jordon with 72\n        participants in the Re-Imagining conferences, including the first gathering in 1993,\n        Re-Imagining: A Global Theological Conference By Women: For Men and Women. Additionally, 127\n        mp3 files and 79 audiocassettes comprising Re-Imagining conference sessions and rituals from\n        gatherings in 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, and 2000, as well as papers documenting Jordon's\n        work with Re-Imagining. Interviewees and speakers include Martha O. Adams, Jann\n        Aldredge-Clanton, Gail Allan, Elizabeth Andrew, Diana Butler Bass, Mary Farrell Bednarowski,\n        Elizabeth Bettenhausen, Nadean Bishop, Kathy Black, Donna Blackstock, Steven Blons, Robert\n        Brinkley, Rita Nakashima Brock, John M. Buchanan, Nancy Chinn, Faye Christensen, Hyun Kyung\n        Chung, Susan Cole, J. Ann Craig, Susan Halcomb Craig, Kathy Deacon-Weber, Sister Holy Spirit\n        DeSouza, Heather Murray Elkins, Sara M. Evans, Marylee Fithian, Mary Gates, Marchelle\n        Hallman, Susan Hames, Robin Henry, Maren Hinderlie, José Hobday, Mary E. Hunt, Pamela Carter\n        Joern, Sally Howell Johnson, Katie Johnson, Barbara Anne Keely, Betty Kersting, Judith Allen\n        Kim, Annie Wu King, Rebecca Lynn Kiser, Mary Kuhns, Pui-lan Kwok, Barbara Lund, Barbara K.\n        Lundblad, Mary Ann Weese Lundy, Katherine Austin Mahle, Eily Marlow, Joan M. Martin, Mary\n        Kaye Medinger, Joyce Ann Mercer, Virginia R. Mollenkott, Melanie S. Morrison, Susan\n        Morrison, Mary Clark Moschella, Vivian Jenkins Nelsen, Randy Nelson, Christie Neuger, John\n        Niles, Manley Olson, Ofelia Ortega, Doris Pagelkopf, Rebecca Todd Peters, Virginia Pharr,\n        Joy Mincey Powell, Mary Preus, Anne Primavesi, Bernice Johnson Reagon, Jo Ringgenberg, Mary\n        Kay Sauter, Jeanyne B. Slettom, Jerie Smith, Joyce D. Sohl, Hilda Spann, Allison Stokes,\n        John Strausz-Clement, Judith Strausz-Clement, Sue Swanson, Hal Taussig, Margaret Thomas,\n        Rebecca Tollefson, Carmen Valenzuela, Johanna W.H. Van Wijk-Bos, Emily Wigger, Delores S.\n        Williams, Eugenia Williams, Lois Wilson, and Miriam Therese Winter.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Collection Overview"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Re-Imagining is an ecumenical, radical, Christian movement focused on creating ways of\n        understanding Womanist, Feminist, Mujerista, and Asian Feminist theologies, and opening\n        spaces for dialogue with the church, diverse religious communities, and the world.\n        Eighty-two audio files comprise an oral history project by Sherry E. Jordon with 72\n        participants in the Re-Imagining conferences, including the first gathering in 1993,\n        Re-Imagining: A Global Theological Conference By Women: For Men and Women. Additionally, 127\n        mp3 files and 79 audiocassettes comprising Re-Imagining conference sessions and rituals from\n        gatherings in 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, and 2000, as well as papers documenting Jordon's\n        work with Re-Imagining. Interviewees and speakers include Martha O. Adams, Jann\n        Aldredge-Clanton, Gail Allan, Elizabeth Andrew, Diana Butler Bass, Mary Farrell Bednarowski,\n        Elizabeth Bettenhausen, Nadean Bishop, Kathy Black, Donna Blackstock, Steven Blons, Robert\n        Brinkley, Rita Nakashima Brock, John M. Buchanan, Nancy Chinn, Faye Christensen, Hyun Kyung\n        Chung, Susan Cole, J. Ann Craig, Susan Halcomb Craig, Kathy Deacon-Weber, Sister Holy Spirit\n        DeSouza, Heather Murray Elkins, Sara M. Evans, Marylee Fithian, Mary Gates, Marchelle\n        Hallman, Susan Hames, Robin Henry, Maren Hinderlie, José Hobday, Mary E. Hunt, Pamela Carter\n        Joern, Sally Howell Johnson, Katie Johnson, Barbara Anne Keely, Betty Kersting, Judith Allen\n        Kim, Annie Wu King, Rebecca Lynn Kiser, Mary Kuhns, Pui-lan Kwok, Barbara Lund, Barbara K.\n        Lundblad, Mary Ann Weese Lundy, Katherine Austin Mahle, Eily Marlow, Joan M. Martin, Mary\n        Kaye Medinger, Joyce Ann Mercer, Virginia R. Mollenkott, Melanie S. Morrison, Susan\n        Morrison, Mary Clark Moschella, Vivian Jenkins Nelsen, Randy Nelson, Christie Neuger, John\n        Niles, Manley Olson, Ofelia Ortega, Doris Pagelkopf, Rebecca Todd Peters, Virginia Pharr,\n        Joy Mincey Powell, Mary Preus, Anne Primavesi, Bernice Johnson Reagon, Jo Ringgenberg, Mary\n        Kay Sauter, Jeanyne B. Slettom, Jerie Smith, Joyce D. Sohl, Hilda Spann, Allison Stokes,\n        John Strausz-Clement, Judith Strausz-Clement, Sue Swanson, Hal Taussig, Margaret Thomas,\n        Rebecca Tollefson, Carmen Valenzuela, Johanna W.H. Van Wijk-Bos, Emily Wigger, Delores S.\n        Williams, Eugenia Williams, Lois Wilson, and Miriam Therese Winter."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Use Restrictions"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_f7f6d2f5ebd091a28e15eeda3b5ef959\"\u003eRe-Imagining is an ecumenical, radical,\n        Christian movement focused on creating ways of understanding Womanist, Feminist, Mujerista,\n        and Asian Feminist theologies, and opening spaces for dialogue with the church, diverse\n        religious communities, and the world. Eighty-two audio files comprise an oral history\n        project by Sherry E. Jordon with 73 participants in the Re-Imagining conferences, including\n        the first gathering in 1993, Re-Imagining: A Global Theological Conference By Women: For Men\n        and Women. Additionally, 127 mp3 files and 79 audiocassettes comprising Re-Imagining\n        conference sessions and rituals from gatherings in 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1998, and 2000,\n        as well as three linear feet of papers documenting Jordon's work with\n        Re-Imagining.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Re-Imagining is an ecumenical, radical,\n        Christian movement focused on creating ways of understanding Womanist, Feminist, Mujerista,\n        and Asian Feminist theologies, and opening spaces for dialogue with the church, diverse\n        religious communities, and the world. Eighty-two audio files comprise an oral history\n        project by Sherry E. Jordon with 73 participants in the Re-Imagining conferences, including\n        the first gathering in 1993, Re-Imagining: A Global Theological Conference By Women: For Men\n        and Women. 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