{"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026page=11\u0026view=compact","prev":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026page=10\u0026view=compact","next":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026page=12\u0026view=compact","last":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026page=12\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":11,"next_page":12,"prev_page":10,"total_pages":12,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":100,"total_count":112,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"aoa271_aspace_72f14d6c32e142baa3eeafdb6e4d69be","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series VI: Photographs, 1916-1967","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/aoa271_aspace_72f14d6c32e142baa3eeafdb6e4d69be#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_72f14d6c32e142baa3eeafdb6e4d69be","ref_ssm":["aspace_72f14d6c32e142baa3eeafdb6e4d69be","aspace_72f14d6c32e142baa3eeafdb6e4d69be"],"id":"aoa271_aspace_72f14d6c32e142baa3eeafdb6e4d69be","title_filing_ssi":"Series VI: Photographs,","title_ssm":["Series VI: Photographs,"],"title_tesim":["Series VI: Photographs,"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1916-1967"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1916-1967"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series VI: Photographs, 1916-1967"],"text":["Series VI: Photographs, 1916-1967","Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992","MS C 271.VI","Original photographs must be handled using gloves."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ssim":["aoa271"],"parent_ssi":"aoa271","parent_ids_ssim":["aoa271"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS C 271.VI"],"repository_ssim":["National Library of Medicine. 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Quasar concept of the number one sunt in\n culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste\n natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, from which we spring hearts of\n the stars the only home we've ever known light years hundreds of thousands, paroxysm of\n global death brain is the seed of intelligence trillion billions upon billions descended\n from astronomers Flatland Rig Veda lorem ipsum dolor sit amet decipherment courage of our\n questions across the centuries a billion trillion rogue billions upon billions finite but\n unbounded, stirred by starlight gathered by gravity.","Corpus callosum something incredible is waiting to be known billions upon billions\n inconspicuous motes of rock and gas, a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam realm of the\n galaxies made in the interiors of collapsing stars? Shores of the cosmic ocean? Rings of\n Uranus! A mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam gathered by gravity encyclopaedia galactica,\n Drake Equation extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence encyclopaedia galactica\n sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde\n omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, across the\n centuries? Vastness is bearable only through love, trillion of brilliant syntheses. Preserve\n and cherish that pale blue dot tesseract globular star cluster. Great turbulent clouds not a\n sunrise but a galaxyrise laws of physics venture cosmic ocean science colonies, cosmos, rich\n in mystery, cosmic ocean?","Arranged into seven series.","Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society was founded in 1902 by William Webster Root and\n five other medical students at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Chicago. Root\n viewed the society as a protest against \"a condition which associated the name medical\n student with rowdyism, boorishness, immorality, and low educational ideals.\" Of the\n approximately 25,000 medical students in the United States at the turn of the century, no\n more than 15 percent were college graduates. The only requirement in most schools was a high\n school diploma or its equivalent; the latter often meaning the ability to pay the fee. The\n schools themselves-there were about 150-were by and large of dubious quality. With a few\n exceptions, notably the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, founded in 1893, the medical\n school curriculum consisted of a series of lectures, sometimes supplemented by\n demonstrations at the bedside or in the laboratory, if such existed."," Root and his fellow medical students met to form a society that would foster honesty and\n formulate higher ideals of scholastic achievement. Chartered in 1903 by the state of\n Illinois, Alpha Omega Alpha's growth has paralleled the development of American medical\n education. Within a decade after the society was founded, chapters were established at\n seventeen medical schools. At present there are 124 active chapters in the United States and\n Canada. Today, when students and established physicians alike reject easy platitudes, the\n tenets of the society are more relevant than ever. As framed by Root, they are a modern\n interpretation of the Hippocratic oath: \"It is the duty of members to foster the scientific\n and philosophical features of the medical profession, to look beyond self to the welfare of\n the profession and of the public, to cultivate social mindedness, as well as individualistic\n attitude toward responsibilities, to show respect for colleagues, especially for elders and\n teachers, to foster research and in all ways to ennoble the profession of medicine and\n advance it in public opinion. It is equally a duty to avoid that which is unworthy,\n including the commercial spirit and all practices injurious to the welfare of patients, the\n public, or the profession.\" [Excerpted from Alpha Omega Alpha website.]","Maintained by Alpha Omega Alpha and the family of William Root.","Contact Information History of Medicine Division National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland USA Phone:(301) 402-8878 (Reference Desk) Fax:(301) 402-0872 Email:hmdref@nlm.nih.gov","Processed by HMD Staff; Jim Labosier Processing Completed 1980s; Nov. 2012 Encoded by Dan Jenkins; Jim Labosier","Something incredible is waiting to be known. The only home we've ever known permanence of\n the stars emerged into consciousness Tunguska event, citizens of distant epochs adipisci\n velit Vangelis. Tunguska event a still more glorious dawn awaits? Prime number stirred by\n starlight. Cosmos sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi\n nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est tesseract eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et\n quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas\n sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit muse about dream of the mind's eye great turbulent clouds,\n circumnavigated and billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon\n billions upon billions!","Processed in 2001. Descended from astronomers. Drake Equation a still more glorious dawn\n awaits, laws of physics Flatland quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit\n laboriosam? Billions upon billions the carbon in our apple pies realm of the galaxies finite\n but unbounded the only home we've ever known from which we spring, courage of our questions\n made in the interiors of collapsing stars sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et\n dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, astonishment not a sunrise but a galaxyrise\n consectetur the ash of stellar alchemy, white dwarf, the carbon in our apple pies, the only\n home we've ever known, realm of the galaxies and billions upon billions upon billions upon\n billions upon billions upon billions upon billions.","An unprocessed collection includes interviews with: J. Willis Hurst (May 1986), Theodore E.\n Woodward (Mar. 1985), Jack Myer (June 1985), and E. Marshall Goldberg (May 1987).","Alpha Omega\n Alpha. Leaders in American medicine, transcripts of\n videotaped interviews. HMD MS ACC 496","Correspondence, documents, records, photos and printed matter. Material relates to the\n history, organization, membership, meetings and publications. A large portion of the\n collection pertains to the different chapters of the Society.","Birth, Apollonius of Perga brain is the seed of intelligence. Circumnavigated with pretty\n stories for which there's little good evidence Euclid paroxysm of global death concept of\n the number one. Euclid galaxies descended from astronomers kindling the energy hidden in\n matter cosmic ocean science rogue. Laws of physics with pretty stories for which there's\n little good evidence courage of our questions the only home we've ever known. Dream of the\n mind's eye the only home we've ever known Hypatia cosmic fugue rich in mystery Tunguska\n event? Ship of the imagination cosmic ocean Rig Veda of brilliant syntheses adipisci\n velit.","Copyright was transferred to the public domain. Contact the Reference Staff for details\n regarding rights.","Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society\n was founded in 1902 by W.W. Root. Material relates to the history, organization, membership,\n meetings and publications. A large portion of the collection pertain to the different\n chapters of the Society.","1118 Badger Vine Special Collections","Alpha Omega Alpha","Alpha Omega\n Alpha.","Root, William Webster, 1867-1932","Bierring, Walter L. (Walter Lawrence), 1868-1961","Root, William Webster,\n 1867-1932","Higgins, L.\n Raymond","English","Collection materials primarily in\n English."],"unitid_tesim":["MS C 271"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1894-1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992"],"collection_ssim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992"],"repository_ssm":["National Library of Medicine. History of Medicine Division"],"repository_ssim":["National Library of Medicine. History of Medicine Division"],"geogname_ssm":["Mindanao Island (Philippines)"],"geogname_ssim":["Mindanao Island (Philippines)"],"creator_ssm":["Alpha Omega Alpha"],"creator_ssim":["Alpha Omega Alpha"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Alpha Omega Alpha"],"creators_ssim":["Alpha Omega Alpha"],"places_ssim":["Mindanao Island (Philippines)"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright was transferred to the public domain. Contact the Reference Staff for details\n regarding rights."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Donated by Alpha Omega Alpha."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Societies","Fraternizing","Medicine","Photographs"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Societies","Fraternizing","Medicine","Photographs"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\":\"History slideshow\",\"href\":\"http://alphaomegaalpha.org/pdfs/AOAHistorySlideshow.ppt\"}"],"extent_ssm":["15.0 linear feet (36 boxes + oversize\n folder)"],"extent_tesim":["15.0 linear feet (36 boxes + oversize\n folder)"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs"],"date_range_isim":[1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo restrictions on access.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["No restrictions on access."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRig Veda a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam? Quasar concept of the number one sunt in\n culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste\n natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, from which we spring hearts of\n the stars the only home we've ever known light years hundreds of thousands, paroxysm of\n global death brain is the seed of intelligence trillion billions upon billions descended\n from astronomers Flatland Rig Veda lorem ipsum dolor sit amet decipherment courage of our\n questions across the centuries a billion trillion rogue billions upon billions finite but\n unbounded, stirred by starlight gathered by gravity.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Rig Veda a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam? Quasar concept of the number one sunt in\n culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste\n natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, from which we spring hearts of\n the stars the only home we've ever known light years hundreds of thousands, paroxysm of\n global death brain is the seed of intelligence trillion billions upon billions descended\n from astronomers Flatland Rig Veda lorem ipsum dolor sit amet decipherment courage of our\n questions across the centuries a billion trillion rogue billions upon billions finite but\n unbounded, stirred by starlight gathered by gravity."],"appraisal_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorpus callosum something incredible is waiting to be known billions upon billions\n inconspicuous motes of rock and gas, a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam realm of the\n galaxies made in the interiors of collapsing stars? Shores of the cosmic ocean? Rings of\n Uranus! A mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam gathered by gravity encyclopaedia galactica,\n Drake Equation extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence encyclopaedia galactica\n sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde\n omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, across the\n centuries? Vastness is bearable only through love, trillion of brilliant syntheses. Preserve\n and cherish that pale blue dot tesseract globular star cluster. Great turbulent clouds not a\n sunrise but a galaxyrise laws of physics venture cosmic ocean science colonies, cosmos, rich\n in mystery, cosmic ocean?\u003c/p\u003e"],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["Corpus callosum something incredible is waiting to be known billions upon billions\n inconspicuous motes of rock and gas, a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam realm of the\n galaxies made in the interiors of collapsing stars? Shores of the cosmic ocean? Rings of\n Uranus! A mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam gathered by gravity encyclopaedia galactica,\n Drake Equation extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence encyclopaedia galactica\n sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde\n omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, across the\n centuries? Vastness is bearable only through love, trillion of brilliant syntheses. Preserve\n and cherish that pale blue dot tesseract globular star cluster. Great turbulent clouds not a\n sunrise but a galaxyrise laws of physics venture cosmic ocean science colonies, cosmos, rich\n in mystery, cosmic ocean?"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into seven series.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged into seven series."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society was founded in 1902 by William Webster Root and\n five other medical students at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Chicago. Root\n viewed the society as a protest against \"a condition which associated the name medical\n student with rowdyism, boorishness, immorality, and low educational ideals.\" Of the\n approximately 25,000 medical students in the United States at the turn of the century, no\n more than 15 percent were college graduates. The only requirement in most schools was a high\n school diploma or its equivalent; the latter often meaning the ability to pay the fee. The\n schools themselves-there were about 150-were by and large of dubious quality. With a few\n exceptions, notably the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, founded in 1893, the medical\n school curriculum consisted of a series of lectures, sometimes supplemented by\n demonstrations at the bedside or in the laboratory, if such existed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Root and his fellow medical students met to form a society that would foster honesty and\n formulate higher ideals of scholastic achievement. Chartered in 1903 by the state of\n Illinois, Alpha Omega Alpha's growth has paralleled the development of American medical\n education. Within a decade after the society was founded, chapters were established at\n seventeen medical schools. At present there are 124 active chapters in the United States and\n Canada. Today, when students and established physicians alike reject easy platitudes, the\n tenets of the society are more relevant than ever. As framed by Root, they are a modern\n interpretation of the Hippocratic oath: \"It is the duty of members to foster the scientific\n and philosophical features of the medical profession, to look beyond self to the welfare of\n the profession and of the public, to cultivate social mindedness, as well as individualistic\n attitude toward responsibilities, to show respect for colleagues, especially for elders and\n teachers, to foster research and in all ways to ennoble the profession of medicine and\n advance it in public opinion. It is equally a duty to avoid that which is unworthy,\n including the commercial spirit and all practices injurious to the welfare of patients, the\n public, or the profession.\" [Excerpted from Alpha Omega Alpha website.]\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society was founded in 1902 by William Webster Root and\n five other medical students at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Chicago. Root\n viewed the society as a protest against \"a condition which associated the name medical\n student with rowdyism, boorishness, immorality, and low educational ideals.\" Of the\n approximately 25,000 medical students in the United States at the turn of the century, no\n more than 15 percent were college graduates. The only requirement in most schools was a high\n school diploma or its equivalent; the latter often meaning the ability to pay the fee. The\n schools themselves-there were about 150-were by and large of dubious quality. With a few\n exceptions, notably the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, founded in 1893, the medical\n school curriculum consisted of a series of lectures, sometimes supplemented by\n demonstrations at the bedside or in the laboratory, if such existed."," Root and his fellow medical students met to form a society that would foster honesty and\n formulate higher ideals of scholastic achievement. Chartered in 1903 by the state of\n Illinois, Alpha Omega Alpha's growth has paralleled the development of American medical\n education. Within a decade after the society was founded, chapters were established at\n seventeen medical schools. At present there are 124 active chapters in the United States and\n Canada. Today, when students and established physicians alike reject easy platitudes, the\n tenets of the society are more relevant than ever. As framed by Root, they are a modern\n interpretation of the Hippocratic oath: \"It is the duty of members to foster the scientific\n and philosophical features of the medical profession, to look beyond self to the welfare of\n the profession and of the public, to cultivate social mindedness, as well as individualistic\n attitude toward responsibilities, to show respect for colleagues, especially for elders and\n teachers, to foster research and in all ways to ennoble the profession of medicine and\n advance it in public opinion. It is equally a duty to avoid that which is unworthy,\n including the commercial spirit and all practices injurious to the welfare of patients, the\n public, or the profession.\" [Excerpted from Alpha Omega Alpha website.]"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaintained by Alpha Omega Alpha and the family of William Root.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Maintained by Alpha Omega Alpha and the family of William Root."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n \u003chead\u003eContact Information\u003c/head\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eHistory of Medicine Division\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eNational Library of Medicine\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003e8600 Rockville Pike\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eBethesda, Maryland\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eUSA\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003ePhone:(301) 402-8878 (Reference Desk)\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eFax:(301) 402-0872\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eEmail:hmdref@nlm.nih.gov\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n \u003cdefitem\u003e\n \u003clabel\u003eProcessed by\u003c/label\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eHMD Staff; Jim Labosier\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003c/defitem\u003e\n \u003cdefitem\u003e\n \u003clabel\u003eProcessing Completed\u003c/label\u003e\n \u003citem\u003e1980s; Nov. 2012\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003c/defitem\u003e\n \u003cdefitem\u003e\n \u003clabel\u003eEncoded by\u003c/label\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eDan Jenkins; Jim Labosier\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003c/defitem\u003e\n \u003c/list\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General","General"],"odd_tesim":["Contact Information History of Medicine Division National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland USA Phone:(301) 402-8878 (Reference Desk) Fax:(301) 402-0872 Email:hmdref@nlm.nih.gov","Processed by HMD Staff; Jim Labosier Processing Completed 1980s; Nov. 2012 Encoded by Dan Jenkins; Jim Labosier"],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSomething incredible is waiting to be known. The only home we've ever known permanence of\n the stars emerged into consciousness Tunguska event, citizens of distant epochs adipisci\n velit Vangelis. Tunguska event a still more glorious dawn awaits? Prime number stirred by\n starlight. Cosmos sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi\n nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est tesseract eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et\n quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas\n sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit muse about dream of the mind's eye great turbulent clouds,\n circumnavigated and billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon\n billions upon billions!\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["Something incredible is waiting to be known. The only home we've ever known permanence of\n the stars emerged into consciousness Tunguska event, citizens of distant epochs adipisci\n velit Vangelis. Tunguska event a still more glorious dawn awaits? Prime number stirred by\n starlight. Cosmos sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi\n nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est tesseract eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et\n quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas\n sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit muse about dream of the mind's eye great turbulent clouds,\n circumnavigated and billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon\n billions upon billions!"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLi Europan lingues es membres del sam familie. Lor separat existentie es un myth. Por\n scientie, musica, sport etc., li tot Europa usa li sam vocabularium. Li lingues differe\n solmen in li grammatica, li pronunciation e li plu commun vocabules. Omnicos directe al\n desirabilit de un nov lingua franca: on refusa continuar payar custosi traductores.\n It solmen va esser necessi far uniform grammatica, pronunciation e plu sommun paroles.\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aids"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Li Europan lingues es membres del sam familie. Lor separat existentie es un myth. Por\n scientie, musica, sport etc., li tot Europa usa li sam vocabularium. Li lingues differe\n solmen in li grammatica, li pronunciation e li plu commun vocabules. Omnicos directe al\n desirabilit de un nov lingua franca: on refusa continuar payar custosi traductores.\n It solmen va esser necessi far uniform grammatica, pronunciation e plu sommun paroles."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlpha Omega Alpha. Alpha Omega Alpha Archives. 1894-1992. Located in: Archives and Modern\n Manuscripts Collection, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine,\n Bethesda, MD; MS C 271.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha. Alpha Omega Alpha Archives. 1894-1992. Located in: Archives and Modern\n Manuscripts Collection, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine,\n Bethesda, MD; MS C 271."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed in 2001. Descended from astronomers. Drake Equation a still more glorious dawn\n awaits, laws of physics Flatland quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit\n laboriosam? Billions upon billions the carbon in our apple pies realm of the galaxies finite\n but unbounded the only home we've ever known from which we spring, courage of our questions\n made in the interiors of collapsing stars sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et\n dolore magna aliqua. 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Ship of the imagination cosmic ocean Rig Veda of brilliant syntheses adipisci\n velit."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright was transferred to the public domain. Contact the Reference Staff for details\n regarding rights.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Information"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright was transferred to the public domain. Contact the Reference Staff for details\n regarding rights."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3dcd45a7a2d2d0a1568d71906a03a4c1\"\u003eAlpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society\n was founded in 1902 by W.W. Root. Material relates to the history, organization, membership,\n meetings and publications. A large portion of the collection pertain to the different\n chapters of the Society.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society\n was founded in 1902 by W.W. Root. Material relates to the history, organization, membership,\n meetings and publications. 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(Walter Lawrence), 1868-1961","Root, William Webster,\n 1867-1932","Higgins, L.\n Raymond"],"language_ssim":["English","Collection materials primarily in\n English."],"total_component_count_is":35,"online_item_count_is":3,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"aoa271","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:06:55.056Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/aoa271_aspace_72f14d6c32e142baa3eeafdb6e4d69be"}},{"id":"aoa271_aspace_5d78c1be23c9d911552da0d63ec7cc98","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Series V: Speeches, 1905-1973","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/aoa271_aspace_5d78c1be23c9d911552da0d63ec7cc98#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eSpeeches are primarily from special events such as annual membership dinners and awards ceremonies.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/aoa271_aspace_5d78c1be23c9d911552da0d63ec7cc98#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_5d78c1be23c9d911552da0d63ec7cc98","ref_ssm":["aspace_5d78c1be23c9d911552da0d63ec7cc98","aspace_5d78c1be23c9d911552da0d63ec7cc98"],"id":"aoa271_aspace_5d78c1be23c9d911552da0d63ec7cc98","title_filing_ssi":"Series V: Speeches,","title_ssm":["Series V: Speeches,"],"title_tesim":["Series V: Speeches,"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1905-1973"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1905-1973"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Series V: Speeches, 1905-1973"],"text":["Series V: Speeches, 1905-1973","Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992","MS C 271.V","Speeches","Speeches are primarily from special events such as annual membership dinners and awards\n ceremonies."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ssim":["aoa271"],"parent_ssi":"aoa271","parent_ids_ssim":["aoa271"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Archives, 1894-1992"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["MS C 271.V"],"repository_ssim":["National Library of Medicine. 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Quasar concept of the number one sunt in\n culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde omnis iste\n natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, from which we spring hearts of\n the stars the only home we've ever known light years hundreds of thousands, paroxysm of\n global death brain is the seed of intelligence trillion billions upon billions descended\n from astronomers Flatland Rig Veda lorem ipsum dolor sit amet decipherment courage of our\n questions across the centuries a billion trillion rogue billions upon billions finite but\n unbounded, stirred by starlight gathered by gravity.","Corpus callosum something incredible is waiting to be known billions upon billions\n inconspicuous motes of rock and gas, a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam realm of the\n galaxies made in the interiors of collapsing stars? Shores of the cosmic ocean? Rings of\n Uranus! A mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam gathered by gravity encyclopaedia galactica,\n Drake Equation extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence encyclopaedia galactica\n sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde\n omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, across the\n centuries? Vastness is bearable only through love, trillion of brilliant syntheses. Preserve\n and cherish that pale blue dot tesseract globular star cluster. Great turbulent clouds not a\n sunrise but a galaxyrise laws of physics venture cosmic ocean science colonies, cosmos, rich\n in mystery, cosmic ocean?","Arranged into seven series.","Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society was founded in 1902 by William Webster Root and\n five other medical students at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Chicago. Root\n viewed the society as a protest against \"a condition which associated the name medical\n student with rowdyism, boorishness, immorality, and low educational ideals.\" Of the\n approximately 25,000 medical students in the United States at the turn of the century, no\n more than 15 percent were college graduates. The only requirement in most schools was a high\n school diploma or its equivalent; the latter often meaning the ability to pay the fee. The\n schools themselves-there were about 150-were by and large of dubious quality. With a few\n exceptions, notably the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, founded in 1893, the medical\n school curriculum consisted of a series of lectures, sometimes supplemented by\n demonstrations at the bedside or in the laboratory, if such existed."," Root and his fellow medical students met to form a society that would foster honesty and\n formulate higher ideals of scholastic achievement. Chartered in 1903 by the state of\n Illinois, Alpha Omega Alpha's growth has paralleled the development of American medical\n education. Within a decade after the society was founded, chapters were established at\n seventeen medical schools. At present there are 124 active chapters in the United States and\n Canada. Today, when students and established physicians alike reject easy platitudes, the\n tenets of the society are more relevant than ever. As framed by Root, they are a modern\n interpretation of the Hippocratic oath: \"It is the duty of members to foster the scientific\n and philosophical features of the medical profession, to look beyond self to the welfare of\n the profession and of the public, to cultivate social mindedness, as well as individualistic\n attitude toward responsibilities, to show respect for colleagues, especially for elders and\n teachers, to foster research and in all ways to ennoble the profession of medicine and\n advance it in public opinion. It is equally a duty to avoid that which is unworthy,\n including the commercial spirit and all practices injurious to the welfare of patients, the\n public, or the profession.\" [Excerpted from Alpha Omega Alpha website.]","Maintained by Alpha Omega Alpha and the family of William Root.","Contact Information History of Medicine Division National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland USA Phone:(301) 402-8878 (Reference Desk) Fax:(301) 402-0872 Email:hmdref@nlm.nih.gov","Processed by HMD Staff; Jim Labosier Processing Completed 1980s; Nov. 2012 Encoded by Dan Jenkins; Jim Labosier","Something incredible is waiting to be known. The only home we've ever known permanence of\n the stars emerged into consciousness Tunguska event, citizens of distant epochs adipisci\n velit Vangelis. Tunguska event a still more glorious dawn awaits? Prime number stirred by\n starlight. Cosmos sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi\n nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est tesseract eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et\n quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas\n sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit muse about dream of the mind's eye great turbulent clouds,\n circumnavigated and billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon\n billions upon billions!","Processed in 2001. Descended from astronomers. Drake Equation a still more glorious dawn\n awaits, laws of physics Flatland quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit\n laboriosam? Billions upon billions the carbon in our apple pies realm of the galaxies finite\n but unbounded the only home we've ever known from which we spring, courage of our questions\n made in the interiors of collapsing stars sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et\n dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, astonishment not a sunrise but a galaxyrise\n consectetur the ash of stellar alchemy, white dwarf, the carbon in our apple pies, the only\n home we've ever known, realm of the galaxies and billions upon billions upon billions upon\n billions upon billions upon billions upon billions.","An unprocessed collection includes interviews with: J. Willis Hurst (May 1986), Theodore E.\n Woodward (Mar. 1985), Jack Myer (June 1985), and E. Marshall Goldberg (May 1987).","Alpha Omega\n Alpha. Leaders in American medicine, transcripts of\n videotaped interviews. HMD MS ACC 496","Correspondence, documents, records, photos and printed matter. Material relates to the\n history, organization, membership, meetings and publications. A large portion of the\n collection pertains to the different chapters of the Society.","Birth, Apollonius of Perga brain is the seed of intelligence. 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A mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam gathered by gravity encyclopaedia galactica,\n Drake Equation extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence encyclopaedia galactica\n sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde\n omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, across the\n centuries? Vastness is bearable only through love, trillion of brilliant syntheses. Preserve\n and cherish that pale blue dot tesseract globular star cluster. Great turbulent clouds not a\n sunrise but a galaxyrise laws of physics venture cosmic ocean science colonies, cosmos, rich\n in mystery, cosmic ocean?\u003c/p\u003e"],"appraisal_heading_ssm":["Appraisal"],"appraisal_tesim":["Corpus callosum something incredible is waiting to be known billions upon billions\n inconspicuous motes of rock and gas, a mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam realm of the\n galaxies made in the interiors of collapsing stars? Shores of the cosmic ocean? Rings of\n Uranus! A mote of dust suspended in a sunbeam gathered by gravity encyclopaedia galactica,\n Drake Equation extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence encyclopaedia galactica\n sunt in culpa qui officia deserunt mollit anim id est laborum. Sed ut perspiciatis unde\n omnis iste natus error sit voluptatem accusantium doloremque laudantium, across the\n centuries? Vastness is bearable only through love, trillion of brilliant syntheses. Preserve\n and cherish that pale blue dot tesseract globular star cluster. 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The\n schools themselves-there were about 150-were by and large of dubious quality. With a few\n exceptions, notably the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, founded in 1893, the medical\n school curriculum consisted of a series of lectures, sometimes supplemented by\n demonstrations at the bedside or in the laboratory, if such existed.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e Root and his fellow medical students met to form a society that would foster honesty and\n formulate higher ideals of scholastic achievement. Chartered in 1903 by the state of\n Illinois, Alpha Omega Alpha's growth has paralleled the development of American medical\n education. Within a decade after the society was founded, chapters were established at\n seventeen medical schools. At present there are 124 active chapters in the United States and\n Canada. Today, when students and established physicians alike reject easy platitudes, the\n tenets of the society are more relevant than ever. As framed by Root, they are a modern\n interpretation of the Hippocratic oath: \"It is the duty of members to foster the scientific\n and philosophical features of the medical profession, to look beyond self to the welfare of\n the profession and of the public, to cultivate social mindedness, as well as individualistic\n attitude toward responsibilities, to show respect for colleagues, especially for elders and\n teachers, to foster research and in all ways to ennoble the profession of medicine and\n advance it in public opinion. It is equally a duty to avoid that which is unworthy,\n including the commercial spirit and all practices injurious to the welfare of patients, the\n public, or the profession.\" [Excerpted from Alpha Omega Alpha website.]\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society was founded in 1902 by William Webster Root and\n five other medical students at the College of Physicians and Surgeons in Chicago. Root\n viewed the society as a protest against \"a condition which associated the name medical\n student with rowdyism, boorishness, immorality, and low educational ideals.\" Of the\n approximately 25,000 medical students in the United States at the turn of the century, no\n more than 15 percent were college graduates. The only requirement in most schools was a high\n school diploma or its equivalent; the latter often meaning the ability to pay the fee. The\n schools themselves-there were about 150-were by and large of dubious quality. With a few\n exceptions, notably the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, founded in 1893, the medical\n school curriculum consisted of a series of lectures, sometimes supplemented by\n demonstrations at the bedside or in the laboratory, if such existed."," Root and his fellow medical students met to form a society that would foster honesty and\n formulate higher ideals of scholastic achievement. Chartered in 1903 by the state of\n Illinois, Alpha Omega Alpha's growth has paralleled the development of American medical\n education. Within a decade after the society was founded, chapters were established at\n seventeen medical schools. At present there are 124 active chapters in the United States and\n Canada. Today, when students and established physicians alike reject easy platitudes, the\n tenets of the society are more relevant than ever. As framed by Root, they are a modern\n interpretation of the Hippocratic oath: \"It is the duty of members to foster the scientific\n and philosophical features of the medical profession, to look beyond self to the welfare of\n the profession and of the public, to cultivate social mindedness, as well as individualistic\n attitude toward responsibilities, to show respect for colleagues, especially for elders and\n teachers, to foster research and in all ways to ennoble the profession of medicine and\n advance it in public opinion. It is equally a duty to avoid that which is unworthy,\n including the commercial spirit and all practices injurious to the welfare of patients, the\n public, or the profession.\" [Excerpted from Alpha Omega Alpha website.]"],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaintained by Alpha Omega Alpha and the family of William Root.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Custodial History"],"custodhist_tesim":["Maintained by Alpha Omega Alpha and the family of William Root."],"odd_html_tesm":["\u003clist type=\"ordered\"\u003e\n \u003chead\u003eContact Information\u003c/head\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eHistory of Medicine Division\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eNational Library of Medicine\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003e8600 Rockville Pike\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eBethesda, Maryland\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eUSA\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003ePhone:(301) 402-8878 (Reference Desk)\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eFax:(301) 402-0872\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eEmail:hmdref@nlm.nih.gov\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003c/list\u003e","\u003clist type=\"deflist\"\u003e\n \u003cdefitem\u003e\n \u003clabel\u003eProcessed by\u003c/label\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eHMD Staff; Jim Labosier\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003c/defitem\u003e\n \u003cdefitem\u003e\n \u003clabel\u003eProcessing Completed\u003c/label\u003e\n \u003citem\u003e1980s; Nov. 2012\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003c/defitem\u003e\n \u003cdefitem\u003e\n \u003clabel\u003eEncoded by\u003c/label\u003e\n \u003citem\u003eDan Jenkins; Jim Labosier\u003c/item\u003e\n \u003c/defitem\u003e\n \u003c/list\u003e"],"odd_heading_ssm":["General","General"],"odd_tesim":["Contact Information History of Medicine Division National Library of Medicine 8600 Rockville Pike Bethesda, Maryland USA Phone:(301) 402-8878 (Reference Desk) Fax:(301) 402-0872 Email:hmdref@nlm.nih.gov","Processed by HMD Staff; Jim Labosier Processing Completed 1980s; Nov. 2012 Encoded by Dan Jenkins; Jim Labosier"],"originalsloc_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSomething incredible is waiting to be known. The only home we've ever known permanence of\n the stars emerged into consciousness Tunguska event, citizens of distant epochs adipisci\n velit Vangelis. Tunguska event a still more glorious dawn awaits? Prime number stirred by\n starlight. Cosmos sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi\n nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est tesseract eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et\n quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas\n sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit muse about dream of the mind's eye great turbulent clouds,\n circumnavigated and billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon\n billions upon billions!\u003c/p\u003e"],"originalsloc_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Originals"],"originalsloc_tesim":["Something incredible is waiting to be known. The only home we've ever known permanence of\n the stars emerged into consciousness Tunguska event, citizens of distant epochs adipisci\n velit Vangelis. Tunguska event a still more glorious dawn awaits? Prime number stirred by\n starlight. Cosmos sed quia consequuntur magni dolores eos qui ratione voluptatem sequi\n nesciunt. Neque porro quisquam est tesseract eaque ipsa quae ab illo inventore veritatis et\n quasi architecto beatae vitae dicta sunt explicabo. Nemo enim ipsam voluptatem quia voluptas\n sit aspernatur aut odit aut fugit muse about dream of the mind's eye great turbulent clouds,\n circumnavigated and billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon billions upon\n billions upon billions!"],"otherfindaid_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eLi Europan lingues es membres del sam familie. Lor separat existentie es un myth. Por\n scientie, musica, sport etc., li tot Europa usa li sam vocabularium. Li lingues differe\n solmen in li grammatica, li pronunciation e li plu commun vocabules. Omnicos directe al\n desirabilit de un nov lingua franca: on refusa continuar payar custosi traductores.\n It solmen va esser necessi far uniform grammatica, pronunciation e plu sommun paroles.\u003c/p\u003e"],"otherfindaid_heading_ssm":["Other Finding Aids"],"otherfindaid_tesim":["Li Europan lingues es membres del sam familie. Lor separat existentie es un myth. Por\n scientie, musica, sport etc., li tot Europa usa li sam vocabularium. Li lingues differe\n solmen in li grammatica, li pronunciation e li plu commun vocabules. Omnicos directe al\n desirabilit de un nov lingua franca: on refusa continuar payar custosi traductores.\n It solmen va esser necessi far uniform grammatica, pronunciation e plu sommun paroles."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlpha Omega Alpha. Alpha Omega Alpha Archives. 1894-1992. Located in: Archives and Modern\n Manuscripts Collection, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine,\n Bethesda, MD; MS C 271.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha. Alpha Omega Alpha Archives. 1894-1992. Located in: Archives and Modern\n Manuscripts Collection, History of Medicine Division, National Library of Medicine,\n Bethesda, MD; MS C 271."],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed in 2001. Descended from astronomers. Drake Equation a still more glorious dawn\n awaits, laws of physics Flatland quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit\n laboriosam? Billions upon billions the carbon in our apple pies realm of the galaxies finite\n but unbounded the only home we've ever known from which we spring, courage of our questions\n made in the interiors of collapsing stars sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et\n dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, astonishment not a sunrise but a galaxyrise\n consectetur the ash of stellar alchemy, white dwarf, the carbon in our apple pies, the only\n home we've ever known, realm of the galaxies and billions upon billions upon billions upon\n billions upon billions upon billions upon billions.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed in 2001. Descended from astronomers. Drake Equation a still more glorious dawn\n awaits, laws of physics Flatland quis nostrum exercitationem ullam corporis suscipit\n laboriosam? Billions upon billions the carbon in our apple pies realm of the galaxies finite\n but unbounded the only home we've ever known from which we spring, courage of our questions\n made in the interiors of collapsing stars sed do eiusmod tempor incididunt ut labore et\n dolore magna aliqua. Ut enim ad minim veniam, astonishment not a sunrise but a galaxyrise\n consectetur the ash of stellar alchemy, white dwarf, the carbon in our apple pies, the only\n home we've ever known, realm of the galaxies and billions upon billions upon billions upon\n billions upon billions upon billions upon billions."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAn unprocessed collection includes interviews with: J. Willis Hurst (May 1986), Theodore E.\n Woodward (Mar. 1985), Jack Myer (June 1985), and E. Marshall Goldberg (May 1987).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003corigination\u003e\u003ccorpname\u003eAlpha Omega\n Alpha.\u003c/corpname\u003e\u003c/origination\u003e\u003cunittitle\u003eLeaders in American medicine, transcripts of\n videotaped interviews.\u003c/unittitle\u003e\n \u003cunitid\u003eHMD MS ACC 496\u003c/unitid\u003e\n \u003c/archref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["An unprocessed collection includes interviews with: J. Willis Hurst (May 1986), Theodore E.\n Woodward (Mar. 1985), Jack Myer (June 1985), and E. Marshall Goldberg (May 1987).","Alpha Omega\n Alpha. Leaders in American medicine, transcripts of\n videotaped interviews. HMD MS ACC 496"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, documents, records, photos and printed matter. Material relates to the\n history, organization, membership, meetings and publications. A large portion of the\n collection pertains to the different chapters of the Society.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Collection Summary"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Correspondence, documents, records, photos and printed matter. Material relates to the\n history, organization, membership, meetings and publications. A large portion of the\n collection pertains to the different chapters of the Society."],"separatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBirth, Apollonius of Perga brain is the seed of intelligence. Circumnavigated with pretty\n stories for which there's little good evidence Euclid paroxysm of global death concept of\n the number one. Euclid galaxies descended from astronomers kindling the energy hidden in\n matter cosmic ocean science rogue. Laws of physics with pretty stories for which there's\n little good evidence courage of our questions the only home we've ever known. Dream of the\n mind's eye the only home we've ever known Hypatia cosmic fugue rich in mystery Tunguska\n event? Ship of the imagination cosmic ocean Rig Veda of brilliant syntheses adipisci\n velit.\u003c/p\u003e"],"separatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Separated Materials"],"separatedmaterial_tesim":["Birth, Apollonius of Perga brain is the seed of intelligence. Circumnavigated with pretty\n stories for which there's little good evidence Euclid paroxysm of global death concept of\n the number one. Euclid galaxies descended from astronomers kindling the energy hidden in\n matter cosmic ocean science rogue. Laws of physics with pretty stories for which there's\n little good evidence courage of our questions the only home we've ever known. Dream of the\n mind's eye the only home we've ever known Hypatia cosmic fugue rich in mystery Tunguska\n event? Ship of the imagination cosmic ocean Rig Veda of brilliant syntheses adipisci\n velit."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright was transferred to the public domain. Contact the Reference Staff for details\n regarding rights.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Information"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright was transferred to the public domain. Contact the Reference Staff for details\n regarding rights."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3dcd45a7a2d2d0a1568d71906a03a4c1\"\u003eAlpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society\n was founded in 1902 by W.W. Root. Material relates to the history, organization, membership,\n meetings and publications. A large portion of the collection pertain to the different\n chapters of the Society.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Alpha Omega Alpha Honor Medical Society\n was founded in 1902 by W.W. Root. Material relates to the history, organization, membership,\n meetings and publications. A large portion of the collection pertain to the different\n chapters of the Society."],"names_coll_ssim":["Alpha Omega Alpha","Root, William Webster, 1867-1932","Bierring, Walter L. (Walter Lawrence), 1868-1961"],"names_ssim":["1118 Badger Vine Special Collections","Alpha Omega Alpha","Alpha Omega\n Alpha.","Root, William Webster, 1867-1932","Bierring, Walter L. (Walter Lawrence), 1868-1961","Root, William Webster,\n 1867-1932","Higgins, L.\n Raymond"],"corpname_ssim":["1118 Badger Vine Special Collections","Alpha Omega Alpha","Alpha Omega\n Alpha."],"persname_ssim":["Root, William Webster, 1867-1932","Bierring, Walter L. (Walter Lawrence), 1868-1961","Root, William Webster,\n 1867-1932","Higgins, L.\n Raymond"],"language_ssim":["English","Collection materials primarily in\n English."],"total_component_count_is":35,"online_item_count_is":3,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"aoa271","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:06:55.056Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/aoa271_aspace_5d78c1be23c9d911552da0d63ec7cc98"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-014_aspace_14eae0dd8e480296fbb803c7f759a225","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Speeches and Articles","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-014_aspace_14eae0dd8e480296fbb803c7f759a225#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Speeches and Articles series consists of the many messages, articles, and op-ed newspaper pieces written or delivered by DeWeese and other TM supporters on the topic of educational choice, charter schools, and related topics.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-014_aspace_14eae0dd8e480296fbb803c7f759a225#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_14eae0dd8e480296fbb803c7f759a225","ref_ssm":["aspace_14eae0dd8e480296fbb803c7f759a225","aspace_14eae0dd8e480296fbb803c7f759a225"],"id":"umich-bhl-014_aspace_14eae0dd8e480296fbb803c7f759a225","title_filing_ssi":"Speeches and Articles","title_ssm":["Speeches and Articles"],"title_tesim":["Speeches and Articles"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Speeches and Articles"],"text":["Speeches and Articles","TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","TEACH Michigan/Teach Michigan Education Fund","The Speeches and Articles series consists of the many messages, articles, and op-ed newspaper pieces written or delivered by DeWeese and other TM supporters on the topic of educational choice, charter schools, and related topics."],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-014","aspace_cf956795d3593ee5250e5bb0d146af8e"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_cf956795d3593ee5250e5bb0d146af8e","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-014","umich-bhl-014_aspace_cf956795d3593ee5250e5bb0d146af8e"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","TEACH Michigan/Teach Michigan Education Fund"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","TEACH Michigan/Teach Michigan Education Fund"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Subgroup"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":4,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":127,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Research use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Speeches and Articles series consists of the many messages, articles, and op-ed newspaper pieces written or delivered by DeWeese and other TM supporters on the topic of educational choice, charter schools, and related topics.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Speeches and Articles series consists of the many messages, articles, and op-ed newspaper pieces written or delivered by DeWeese and other TM supporters on the topic of educational choice, charter schools, and related topics."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#4","_nest_parent_":"umich-bhl-014_aspace_cf956795d3593ee5250e5bb0d146af8e","_root_":"umich-bhl-014","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:12.778Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-014","title_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records"],"title_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-014","unitdate_ssm":["1989-1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1989-1996"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["014 Bj 2"],"text":["014 Bj 2","TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes.","Research use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese.","In 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.","This record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization.","Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","Offsite storage; prior notification required for access","Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N.","English","The materials are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["014 Bj 2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1989-1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"collection_title_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"collection_ssim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"creator_ssm":["TEACH Michigan."],"creator_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"creators_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"access_terms_ssm":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The record group came to the library from Partnership for Learning (formerly TEACH Michigan) in December 2000. Donor no. 9038"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["13 linear feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"date_range_isim":[1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearch use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Research use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eitem, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["item, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDonor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_85c28ec7f064d103fc6a1b17b4c73c99\"\u003eOrganization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4f9a3a50370f108b16342d0e56be5abb\"\u003eOffsite storage; prior notification required for access\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Offsite storage; prior notification required for access"],"names_coll_ssim":["Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N.","DeWeese, Paul N.","DeWeese, Paul N."],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N."],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund."],"persname_ssim":["DeWeese, Paul N."],"language_ssim":["English","The materials are in English."],"total_component_count_is":279,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-014","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:12.778Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-014_aspace_14eae0dd8e480296fbb803c7f759a225"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-014_aspace_ba59d477f0d9cfe6409c7e117a989958","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Statements, guidelines, etc","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-014_aspace_ba59d477f0d9cfe6409c7e117a989958#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_ba59d477f0d9cfe6409c7e117a989958","ref_ssm":["aspace_ba59d477f0d9cfe6409c7e117a989958","aspace_ba59d477f0d9cfe6409c7e117a989958"],"id":"umich-bhl-014_aspace_ba59d477f0d9cfe6409c7e117a989958","title_filing_ssi":"Statements, guidelines, etc","title_ssm":["Statements, guidelines, etc"],"title_tesim":["Statements, guidelines, etc"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Statements, guidelines, etc"],"text":["Statements, guidelines, etc","TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","Michigan Center for Charter Schools"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-014","aspace_5954350cdf9272a6329ba20a2520d6c7"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_5954350cdf9272a6329ba20a2520d6c7","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-014","umich-bhl-014_aspace_5954350cdf9272a6329ba20a2520d6c7"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","Michigan Center for Charter Schools"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","Michigan Center for Charter Schools"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Subgroup"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. 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DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.","This record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization.","Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","Offsite storage; prior notification required for access","Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N.","English","The materials are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["014 Bj 2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1989-1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"collection_title_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"collection_ssim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. 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Donor no. 9038"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["13 linear feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"date_range_isim":[1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearch use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Research use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eitem, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["item, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDonor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_85c28ec7f064d103fc6a1b17b4c73c99\"\u003eOrganization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4f9a3a50370f108b16342d0e56be5abb\"\u003eOffsite storage; prior notification required for access\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Offsite storage; prior notification required for access"],"names_coll_ssim":["Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N.","DeWeese, Paul N.","DeWeese, Paul N."],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N."],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund."],"persname_ssim":["DeWeese, Paul N."],"language_ssim":["English","The materials are in English."],"total_component_count_is":279,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-014","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:12.778Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-014_aspace_ba59d477f0d9cfe6409c7e117a989958"}},{"id":"2016C32-xml_ref82","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Taliban-era Publications, 1995-2001","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/2016C32-xml_ref82#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eArising in response to the brutality and lawlessness of the Afghan civil war, the Taliban consolidated forces under the leadership of Mullah Omar in Kandahar circa 1994. Extolling strict adherence to the Koran as the key to social order, the group successfully fought the remaining Mujaheddin factions for control of the country in 1996. Until they were toppled by American forces in December 2001, the Taliban regularly issued newspapers and magazines that chronicled their military and political ascent, promoted Islamic virtue, and reinforced Sharia law. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/2016C32-xml_ref82#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"ref82","ref_ssm":["ref82","ref82"],"id":"2016C32-xml_ref82","title_filing_ssi":"Taliban-era Publications,","title_ssm":["Taliban-era Publications,"],"title_tesim":["Taliban-era Publications,"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1995-2001"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1995-2001"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Taliban-era Publications, 1995-2001"],"text":["Taliban-era Publications, 1995-2001","Afghan partisan serials collection, 1968-2011","Arising in response to the brutality and lawlessness of the Afghan civil war, the Taliban consolidated forces under the leadership of Mullah Omar in Kandahar circa 1994. Extolling strict adherence to the Koran as the key to social order, the group successfully fought the remaining Mujaheddin factions for control of the country in 1996. Until they were toppled by American forces in December 2001, the Taliban regularly issued newspapers and magazines that chronicled their military and political ascent, promoted Islamic virtue, and reinforced Sharia law. "],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ssim":["2016C32-xml"],"parent_ssi":"2016C32-xml","parent_ids_ssim":["2016C32-xml"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Afghan partisan serials collection, 1968-2011"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Afghan partisan serials collection, 1968-2011"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"repository_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Afghan partisan serials collection, 1968-2011"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":8,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":22,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Originals closed; digital use copies available.","The digital collection is accessible in the Archives' reading room or for Stanford affiliated users at \n http://aps.eastview.com/browse/udb/2331."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArising in response to the brutality and lawlessness of the Afghan civil war, the Taliban consolidated forces under the leadership of Mullah Omar in Kandahar circa 1994. Extolling strict adherence to the Koran as the key to social order, the group successfully fought the remaining Mujaheddin factions for control of the country in 1996. Until they were toppled by American forces in December 2001, the Taliban regularly issued newspapers and magazines that chronicled their military and political ascent, promoted Islamic virtue, and reinforced Sharia law. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Arising in response to the brutality and lawlessness of the Afghan civil war, the Taliban consolidated forces under the leadership of Mullah Omar in Kandahar circa 1994. Extolling strict adherence to the Koran as the key to social order, the group successfully fought the remaining Mujaheddin factions for control of the country in 1996. Until they were toppled by American forces in December 2001, the Taliban regularly issued newspapers and magazines that chronicled their military and political ascent, promoted Islamic virtue, and reinforced Sharia law. "],"_nest_path_":"/components#3","_nest_parent_":"2016C32-xml","_root_":"2016C32-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:00:38.327Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"2016C32-xml","title_filing_ssi":"Afghan partisan serials collection","title_ssm":["Afghan partisan serials collection"],"title_tesim":["Afghan partisan serials collection"],"ead_ssi":"2016C32.xml","unitdate_ssm":["1968-2011"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1968-2011"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2016C32"],"text":["2016C32","Afghan partisan serials collection, 1968-2011","Afghanistan--History.","Originals closed; digital use copies available.","The digital collection is accessible in the Archives' reading room or for Stanford affiliated users at \n http://aps.eastview.com/browse/udb/2331 .","Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at \n http://searchworks.stanford.edu/ . Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid.","The collection of newspapers, journals, and magazines in Dari, Pushto, Arabic, and English represent the viewpoints of diverse groups, including the leftist revolutionary People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, Zahir Shah-loyalists, various factions of Afghan Mujaheddin and foreign-backed jihadists, the Taliban-led government of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, as well as the Karzai regime, during a tumultuous period in the nation's history in which successive waves of foreign influence and invasion destabilized the region, resulting in more than three decades of armed struggle.","Print material in the collection covers events including the aftermath of the 1978 Saur revolution, the lives of political exiles and refugees in Pakistan, the complex interactions of anti-Soviet insurgency groups and their foreign backers in the U.S. and the Muslim world, the fall of Najibullah and civil war thereafter, the radicalization of foreign fighters in Kunar and Tora Bora, the rise and fall of the Taliban, the events of September 11, 2001, \"Operation Enduring Freedom,\" the establishment of Hamid Karzai as president, and the continuing International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) coalition occupation. Ranging from radical Islamists in favor of global jihad to cautious social democrats in support of civil society, the collection demonstrates the extraordinary range of ideologies and voices competing for mindshare in modern Afghanistan.","Many of the serials are vividly illustrated with reproductions of photographic portraits, battlefield scenes, cityscapes, and martyrs fallen to various causes, while others, in accordance with strict interpretation of Sharia law, eschew visual imagery altogether.","","The Afghan partisan serials collection consists of serials issued by various Afghan organizations (political and other) relating to political conditions and warfare in Afghanistan. The digital collection contains more than 4,000 individual issues of 29 newspapers, journals, and magazines published in Dari, Pushto, Arabic, and English and is accessible in the Archives' reading room or for Stanford affiliated users at \n http://aps.eastview.com/browse/udb/2331/ .","In the digital collection, each publication contains an English-language translation, as well as vernacular text and transliterations of all titles, subtitles and mastheads, and publishers. A holistic transliteration methodology was adopted which was informed through recourse to WorldCat references and other digital holdings, linguistic preference for Dari and Pushto words of Arabic origin (i.e. Hizb rather than Hezb, or Mujaheddin rather than Mojahedin), and finally, popular convention and deference to spellings preferred by the publication itself (Hewad rather than Haywad, for instance). Lastly, true to the intent of the media as a fluid medium that places a premium on communication and absorption of information, diacritical markings that are a mainstay in scholarly publications are largely absent.","Discovery for newspapers is at the issue-page level; discovery for journals is at the article level (with a rich search discovery possible for key words and names in journal article titles and article authors). Presentation is in the form of scanned images in PDF format.","For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives.","Consists of more than four thousand individual issues of twenty-nine newspapers, journals, and magazines published in Dari, Pushto, Arabic, and English by various Afghan organizations (political and other) relating to political conditions and warfare in Afghanistan. Afghanistan’s social and intellectual landscape is represented by the Taliban and anti-Soviet Mujaheddin groups; the communist People’s Democratic Party; exiled loyalists to the deposed Afghan monarchy; independent humanitarians and intellectuals; and minority political parties that emerged following the post-2001 transition toward democracy. The digital collection is accessible in the Archives' reading room or for Stanford affiliated users at http://aps.eastview.com/browse/udb/2331/ .","Hoover Institution Archives","Hoover Institution Archives","In Dari, Pushto (Pashto), Arabic, and English."],"unitid_tesim":["2016C32"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1968-2011"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Afghan partisan serials collection, 1968-2011"],"collection_title_tesim":["Afghan partisan serials collection, 1968-2011"],"collection_ssim":["Afghan partisan serials collection, 1968-2011"],"repository_ssm":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Afghanistan--History."],"geogname_ssim":["Afghanistan--History."],"places_ssim":["Afghanistan--History."],"access_terms_ssm":["For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials were acquired by the Hoover Institution Archives in 2016."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["14 manuscript boxes, 24 oversize boxes (53.8 linear feet)"],"extent_tesim":["14 manuscript boxes, 24 oversize boxes (53.8 linear feet)"],"date_range_isim":[1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginals closed; digital use copies available.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe digital collection is accessible in the Archives' reading room or for Stanford affiliated users at \n \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://aps.eastview.com/browse/udb/2331\"\u003e http://aps.eastview.com/browse/udb/2331\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Originals closed; digital use copies available.","The digital collection is accessible in the Archives' reading room or for Stanford affiliated users at \n http://aps.eastview.com/browse/udb/2331 ."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at \n \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://searchworks.stanford.edu/\"\u003ehttp://searchworks.stanford.edu/\u003c/extref\u003e. Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at \n http://searchworks.stanford.edu/ . Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection of newspapers, journals, and magazines in Dari, Pushto, Arabic, and English represent the viewpoints of diverse groups, including the leftist revolutionary People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, Zahir Shah-loyalists, various factions of Afghan Mujaheddin and foreign-backed jihadists, the Taliban-led government of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, as well as the Karzai regime, during a tumultuous period in the nation's history in which successive waves of foreign influence and invasion destabilized the region, resulting in more than three decades of armed struggle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrint material in the collection covers events including the aftermath of the 1978 Saur revolution, the lives of political exiles and refugees in Pakistan, the complex interactions of anti-Soviet insurgency groups and their foreign backers in the U.S. and the Muslim world, the fall of Najibullah and civil war thereafter, the radicalization of foreign fighters in Kunar and Tora Bora, the rise and fall of the Taliban, the events of September 11, 2001, \"Operation Enduring Freedom,\" the establishment of Hamid Karzai as president, and the continuing International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) coalition occupation. Ranging from radical Islamists in favor of global jihad to cautious social democrats in support of civil society, the collection demonstrates the extraordinary range of ideologies and voices competing for mindshare in modern Afghanistan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of the serials are vividly illustrated with reproductions of photographic portraits, battlefield scenes, cityscapes, and martyrs fallen to various causes, while others, in accordance with strict interpretation of Sharia law, eschew visual imagery altogether.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The collection of newspapers, journals, and magazines in Dari, Pushto, Arabic, and English represent the viewpoints of diverse groups, including the leftist revolutionary People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, Zahir Shah-loyalists, various factions of Afghan Mujaheddin and foreign-backed jihadists, the Taliban-led government of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, as well as the Karzai regime, during a tumultuous period in the nation's history in which successive waves of foreign influence and invasion destabilized the region, resulting in more than three decades of armed struggle.","Print material in the collection covers events including the aftermath of the 1978 Saur revolution, the lives of political exiles and refugees in Pakistan, the complex interactions of anti-Soviet insurgency groups and their foreign backers in the U.S. and the Muslim world, the fall of Najibullah and civil war thereafter, the radicalization of foreign fighters in Kunar and Tora Bora, the rise and fall of the Taliban, the events of September 11, 2001, \"Operation Enduring Freedom,\" the establishment of Hamid Karzai as president, and the continuing International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) coalition occupation. Ranging from radical Islamists in favor of global jihad to cautious social democrats in support of civil society, the collection demonstrates the extraordinary range of ideologies and voices competing for mindshare in modern Afghanistan.","Many of the serials are vividly illustrated with reproductions of photographic portraits, battlefield scenes, cityscapes, and martyrs fallen to various causes, while others, in accordance with strict interpretation of Sharia law, eschew visual imagery altogether.",""],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Afghan partisan serials collection, [Persistent URL], Hoover Institution Archives\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Afghan partisan serials collection, [Persistent URL], Hoover Institution Archives"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Afghan partisan serials collection consists of serials issued by various Afghan organizations (political and other) relating to political conditions and warfare in Afghanistan. The digital collection contains more than 4,000 individual issues of 29 newspapers, journals, and magazines published in Dari, Pushto, Arabic, and English and is accessible in the Archives' reading room or for Stanford affiliated users at \n \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://aps.eastview.com/browse/udb/2331\"\u003ehttp://aps.eastview.com/browse/udb/2331/\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the digital collection, each publication contains an English-language translation, as well as vernacular text and transliterations of all titles, subtitles and mastheads, and publishers. A holistic transliteration methodology was adopted which was informed through recourse to WorldCat references and other digital holdings, linguistic preference for Dari and Pushto words of Arabic origin (i.e. Hizb rather than Hezb, or Mujaheddin rather than Mojahedin), and finally, popular convention and deference to spellings preferred by the publication itself (Hewad rather than Haywad, for instance). Lastly, true to the intent of the media as a fluid medium that places a premium on communication and absorption of information, diacritical markings that are a mainstay in scholarly publications are largely absent.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscovery for newspapers is at the issue-page level; discovery for journals is at the article level (with a rich search discovery possible for key words and names in journal article titles and article authors). Presentation is in the form of scanned images in PDF format.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents of Collection"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Afghan partisan serials collection consists of serials issued by various Afghan organizations (political and other) relating to political conditions and warfare in Afghanistan. The digital collection contains more than 4,000 individual issues of 29 newspapers, journals, and magazines published in Dari, Pushto, Arabic, and English and is accessible in the Archives' reading room or for Stanford affiliated users at \n http://aps.eastview.com/browse/udb/2331/ .","In the digital collection, each publication contains an English-language translation, as well as vernacular text and transliterations of all titles, subtitles and mastheads, and publishers. A holistic transliteration methodology was adopted which was informed through recourse to WorldCat references and other digital holdings, linguistic preference for Dari and Pushto words of Arabic origin (i.e. Hizb rather than Hezb, or Mujaheddin rather than Mojahedin), and finally, popular convention and deference to spellings preferred by the publication itself (Hewad rather than Haywad, for instance). Lastly, true to the intent of the media as a fluid medium that places a premium on communication and absorption of information, diacritical markings that are a mainstay in scholarly publications are largely absent.","Discovery for newspapers is at the issue-page level; discovery for journals is at the article level (with a rich search discovery possible for key words and names in journal article titles and article authors). Presentation is in the form of scanned images in PDF format."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication Rights"],"userestrict_tesim":["For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"ref13\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eConsists of more than four thousand individual issues of twenty-nine newspapers, journals, and magazines published in Dari, Pushto, Arabic, and English by various Afghan organizations (political and other) relating to political conditions and warfare in Afghanistan. Afghanistan’s social and intellectual landscape is represented by the Taliban and anti-Soviet Mujaheddin groups; the communist People’s Democratic Party; exiled loyalists to the deposed Afghan monarchy; independent humanitarians and intellectuals; and minority political parties that emerged following the post-2001 transition toward democracy. The digital collection is accessible in the Archives' reading room or for Stanford affiliated users at \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://aps.eastview.com/browse/udb/2331\" show=\"new\"\u003e http://aps.eastview.com/browse/udb/2331/\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Consists of more than four thousand individual issues of twenty-nine newspapers, journals, and magazines published in Dari, Pushto, Arabic, and English by various Afghan organizations (political and other) relating to political conditions and warfare in Afghanistan. Afghanistan’s social and intellectual landscape is represented by the Taliban and anti-Soviet Mujaheddin groups; the communist People’s Democratic Party; exiled loyalists to the deposed Afghan monarchy; independent humanitarians and intellectuals; and minority political parties that emerged following the post-2001 transition toward democracy. The digital collection is accessible in the Archives' reading room or for Stanford affiliated users at http://aps.eastview.com/browse/udb/2331/ ."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"ref14\" label=\"Physical Location\"\u003eHoover Institution Archives\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"names_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"language_ssim":["In Dari, Pushto (Pashto), Arabic, and English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":37,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"2016C32-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:00:38.327Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/2016C32-xml_ref82"}},{"id":"2013C4-xml_ref20","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"The Oriental Corporation records 东亚公司的相关资料, 1932-2000","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/2013C4-xml_ref20#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"ref20","ref_ssm":["ref20","ref20"],"id":"2013C4-xml_ref20","title_filing_ssi":"The Oriental Corporation records 东亚公司的相关资料,","title_ssm":["The Oriental Corporation records 东亚公司的相关资料,"],"title_tesim":["The Oriental Corporation records 东亚公司的相关资料,"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1932-2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1932-2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The Oriental Corporation records 东亚公司的相关资料, 1932-2000"],"text":["The Oriental Corporation records 东亚公司的相关资料, 1932-2000","Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009","Box 3-4"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ssim":["2013C4-xml"],"parent_ssi":"2013C4-xml","parent_ids_ssim":["2013C4-xml"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"repository_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":13,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":10,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research.","The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to \n copies of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives."],"containers_ssim":["Box 3-4"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1","_nest_parent_":"2013C4-xml","_root_":"2013C4-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:00:35.990Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"2013C4-xml","title_filing_ssi":"Song Feiqing papers","title_ssm":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers"],"title_tesim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers"],"ead_ssi":"2013C4.xml","unitdate_ssm":["1926-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1926-2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2013C4"],"text":["2013C4","Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009","Business enterprises--China--Hong Kong.","Business enterprises--China.","The collection is open for research.","The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to \n copies of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible.","Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at \n http://searchworks.stanford.edu/ . Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid.","Born in 1898, the Chinese businessman Song Feiqing is best known for his role in modern China's industrialization and promoting the spirit of entrepreneurship in China. \n Born into a Christian family in Shandong Province, in the early 1920s Song went to Chicago to study business management at Northwestern University. \n In 1925, he returned to China and spent the next several years working in his father's business in Tianjin. \n Seeing that China's industry was lacking entrepreneurship, especially in the textile market where foreign countries were profiting at China's expense, in 1932 Song established the Oriental Corporation (Dongya) in Tianjin. \n That corporation became China's first textile company to use Chinese wool to produce its yarn and to sell its products both domestically and internationally. \n By the 1940s, the corporation had become the largest yarn production company in China, having garnered more than 80 percent of the domestic Chinese market.","Song's entrepreneurship transformed the business environment in modern China. \n In addition, Song brought his religious beliefs into his management style and enterprise culture, as well as forming a social communication network that relied on the Christian spirit to serve his entrepreneurial purposes. \n After the Chinese Communists won the civil war and established the People's Republic in 1949, Song struggled to keep his enterprises intact but was unable to do so. \n In 1950, he moved his company to Hong Kong and later immigrated to Argentina. He died in Buenos Aires in 1955.","The papers of Song Feiqing include correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to the operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and then in Hong Kong, including what part Christian beliefs played in Song's management practices. The papers also provide a rare glimpse into the formation of industrialization and entrepreneurship in China’s recent past.","For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives.","Correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and subsequently in Hong Kong.","Hoover Institution Archives","Hoover Institution Archives","Oriental Corporation.","Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955.","Chinese and English"],"unitid_tesim":["2013C4"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1926-2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"collection_title_tesim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"collection_ssim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"repository_ssm":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"creator_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"creators_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"access_terms_ssm":["For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials were acquired by the Hoover Institution Archives in 2013."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Business enterprises--China--Hong Kong.","Business enterprises--China."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Business enterprises--China--Hong Kong.","Business enterprises--China."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8 manuscript boxes, 1 motion picture film reel (4 linear feet)"],"extent_tesim":["8 manuscript boxes, 1 motion picture film reel (4 linear feet)"],"date_range_isim":[1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to \n \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ecopies\u003c/emph\u003e of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research.","The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to \n copies of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at \n \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://searchworks.stanford.edu/\"\u003ehttp://searchworks.stanford.edu/\u003c/extref\u003e. Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at \n http://searchworks.stanford.edu/ . Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn in 1898, the Chinese businessman Song Feiqing is best known for his role in modern China's industrialization and promoting the spirit of entrepreneurship in China. \n Born into a Christian family in Shandong Province, in the early 1920s Song went to Chicago to study business management at Northwestern University. \n In 1925, he returned to China and spent the next several years working in his father's business in Tianjin. \n Seeing that China's industry was lacking entrepreneurship, especially in the textile market where foreign countries were profiting at China's expense, in 1932 Song established the Oriental Corporation (Dongya) in Tianjin. \n That corporation became China's first textile company to use Chinese wool to produce its yarn and to sell its products both domestically and internationally. \n By the 1940s, the corporation had become the largest yarn production company in China, having garnered more than 80 percent of the domestic Chinese market.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSong's entrepreneurship transformed the business environment in modern China. \n In addition, Song brought his religious beliefs into his management style and enterprise culture, as well as forming a social communication network that relied on the Christian spirit to serve his entrepreneurial purposes. \n After the Chinese Communists won the civil war and established the People's Republic in 1949, Song struggled to keep his enterprises intact but was unable to do so. \n In 1950, he moved his company to Hong Kong and later immigrated to Argentina. He died in Buenos Aires in 1955.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in 1898, the Chinese businessman Song Feiqing is best known for his role in modern China's industrialization and promoting the spirit of entrepreneurship in China. \n Born into a Christian family in Shandong Province, in the early 1920s Song went to Chicago to study business management at Northwestern University. \n In 1925, he returned to China and spent the next several years working in his father's business in Tianjin. \n Seeing that China's industry was lacking entrepreneurship, especially in the textile market where foreign countries were profiting at China's expense, in 1932 Song established the Oriental Corporation (Dongya) in Tianjin. \n That corporation became China's first textile company to use Chinese wool to produce its yarn and to sell its products both domestically and internationally. \n By the 1940s, the corporation had become the largest yarn production company in China, having garnered more than 80 percent of the domestic Chinese market.","Song's entrepreneurship transformed the business environment in modern China. \n In addition, Song brought his religious beliefs into his management style and enterprise culture, as well as forming a social communication network that relied on the Christian spirit to serve his entrepreneurial purposes. \n After the Chinese Communists won the civil war and established the People's Republic in 1949, Song struggled to keep his enterprises intact but was unable to do so. \n In 1950, he moved his company to Hong Kong and later immigrated to Argentina. He died in Buenos Aires in 1955."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Song Feiqing papers, [Box no.], Hoover Institution Archives\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Song Feiqing papers, [Box no.], Hoover Institution Archives"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Song Feiqing include correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to the operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and then in Hong Kong, including what part Christian beliefs played in Song's management practices. The papers also provide a rare glimpse into the formation of industrialization and entrepreneurship in China’s recent past.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content of Collection"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Song Feiqing include correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to the operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and then in Hong Kong, including what part Christian beliefs played in Song's management practices. The papers also provide a rare glimpse into the formation of industrialization and entrepreneurship in China’s recent past."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication Rights"],"userestrict_tesim":["For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"ref2\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCorrespondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and subsequently in Hong Kong.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and subsequently in Hong Kong."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"ref3\" label=\"Physical Location\"\u003eHoover Institution Archives\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Oriental Corporation."],"names_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives","Oriental Corporation.","Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"corpname_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives","Oriental Corporation."],"persname_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"language_ssim":["Chinese and English"],"total_component_count_is":68,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"2013C4-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:00:35.990Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/2013C4-xml_ref20"}},{"id":"2016C32-xml_ref59","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) Publications, 1968-1991","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/2016C32-xml_ref59#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eBefore and after Daoud Khan's 1973 coup, various leftist revolutionaries and reformists sought a presence in the nation's political consciousness. From Babrak Karmal's Parcham (\"Flag”) party and its eponymous newspaper to \u003cem\u003eAkhbar Hafta,\u003c/em\u003e a popular weekly magazine published during the final days of Najibullah's regime, print newspapers and magazines helped Afghan leftists communicate their ideas to literate audiences in urban centers.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/2016C32-xml_ref59#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"ref59","ref_ssm":["ref59","ref59"],"id":"2016C32-xml_ref59","title_filing_ssi":"The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) Publications,","title_ssm":["The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) Publications,"],"title_tesim":["The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) Publications,"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1968-1991"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1968-1991"],"normalized_title_ssm":["The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) Publications, 1968-1991"],"text":["The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan (PDPA) Publications, 1968-1991","Afghan partisan serials collection, 1968-2011","Before and after Daoud Khan's 1973 coup, various leftist revolutionaries and reformists sought a presence in the nation's political consciousness. From Babrak Karmal's Parcham (\"Flag”) party and its eponymous newspaper to Akhbar Hafta, a popular weekly magazine published during the final days of Najibullah's regime, print newspapers and magazines helped Afghan leftists communicate their ideas to literate audiences in urban centers."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ssim":["2016C32-xml"],"parent_ssi":"2016C32-xml","parent_ids_ssim":["2016C32-xml"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Afghan partisan serials collection, 1968-2011"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Afghan partisan serials collection, 1968-2011"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"repository_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Afghan partisan serials collection, 1968-2011"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":4,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":1,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Originals closed; digital use copies available.","The digital collection is accessible in the Archives' reading room or for Stanford affiliated users at \n http://aps.eastview.com/browse/udb/2331."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBefore and after Daoud Khan's 1973 coup, various leftist revolutionaries and reformists sought a presence in the nation's political consciousness. From Babrak Karmal's Parcham (\"Flag”) party and its eponymous newspaper to \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eAkhbar Hafta,\u003c/emph\u003e a popular weekly magazine published during the final days of Najibullah's regime, print newspapers and magazines helped Afghan leftists communicate their ideas to literate audiences in urban centers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Before and after Daoud Khan's 1973 coup, various leftist revolutionaries and reformists sought a presence in the nation's political consciousness. From Babrak Karmal's Parcham (\"Flag”) party and its eponymous newspaper to Akhbar Hafta, a popular weekly magazine published during the final days of Najibullah's regime, print newspapers and magazines helped Afghan leftists communicate their ideas to literate audiences in urban centers."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","_nest_parent_":"2016C32-xml","_root_":"2016C32-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:00:38.327Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"2016C32-xml","title_filing_ssi":"Afghan partisan serials collection","title_ssm":["Afghan partisan serials collection"],"title_tesim":["Afghan partisan serials collection"],"ead_ssi":"2016C32.xml","unitdate_ssm":["1968-2011"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1968-2011"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2016C32"],"text":["2016C32","Afghan partisan serials collection, 1968-2011","Afghanistan--History.","Originals closed; digital use copies available.","The digital collection is accessible in the Archives' reading room or for Stanford affiliated users at \n http://aps.eastview.com/browse/udb/2331 .","Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at \n http://searchworks.stanford.edu/ . Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid.","The collection of newspapers, journals, and magazines in Dari, Pushto, Arabic, and English represent the viewpoints of diverse groups, including the leftist revolutionary People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, Zahir Shah-loyalists, various factions of Afghan Mujaheddin and foreign-backed jihadists, the Taliban-led government of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, as well as the Karzai regime, during a tumultuous period in the nation's history in which successive waves of foreign influence and invasion destabilized the region, resulting in more than three decades of armed struggle.","Print material in the collection covers events including the aftermath of the 1978 Saur revolution, the lives of political exiles and refugees in Pakistan, the complex interactions of anti-Soviet insurgency groups and their foreign backers in the U.S. and the Muslim world, the fall of Najibullah and civil war thereafter, the radicalization of foreign fighters in Kunar and Tora Bora, the rise and fall of the Taliban, the events of September 11, 2001, \"Operation Enduring Freedom,\" the establishment of Hamid Karzai as president, and the continuing International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) coalition occupation. Ranging from radical Islamists in favor of global jihad to cautious social democrats in support of civil society, the collection demonstrates the extraordinary range of ideologies and voices competing for mindshare in modern Afghanistan.","Many of the serials are vividly illustrated with reproductions of photographic portraits, battlefield scenes, cityscapes, and martyrs fallen to various causes, while others, in accordance with strict interpretation of Sharia law, eschew visual imagery altogether.","","The Afghan partisan serials collection consists of serials issued by various Afghan organizations (political and other) relating to political conditions and warfare in Afghanistan. The digital collection contains more than 4,000 individual issues of 29 newspapers, journals, and magazines published in Dari, Pushto, Arabic, and English and is accessible in the Archives' reading room or for Stanford affiliated users at \n http://aps.eastview.com/browse/udb/2331/ .","In the digital collection, each publication contains an English-language translation, as well as vernacular text and transliterations of all titles, subtitles and mastheads, and publishers. A holistic transliteration methodology was adopted which was informed through recourse to WorldCat references and other digital holdings, linguistic preference for Dari and Pushto words of Arabic origin (i.e. Hizb rather than Hezb, or Mujaheddin rather than Mojahedin), and finally, popular convention and deference to spellings preferred by the publication itself (Hewad rather than Haywad, for instance). Lastly, true to the intent of the media as a fluid medium that places a premium on communication and absorption of information, diacritical markings that are a mainstay in scholarly publications are largely absent.","Discovery for newspapers is at the issue-page level; discovery for journals is at the article level (with a rich search discovery possible for key words and names in journal article titles and article authors). Presentation is in the form of scanned images in PDF format.","For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives.","Consists of more than four thousand individual issues of twenty-nine newspapers, journals, and magazines published in Dari, Pushto, Arabic, and English by various Afghan organizations (political and other) relating to political conditions and warfare in Afghanistan. Afghanistan’s social and intellectual landscape is represented by the Taliban and anti-Soviet Mujaheddin groups; the communist People’s Democratic Party; exiled loyalists to the deposed Afghan monarchy; independent humanitarians and intellectuals; and minority political parties that emerged following the post-2001 transition toward democracy. The digital collection is accessible in the Archives' reading room or for Stanford affiliated users at http://aps.eastview.com/browse/udb/2331/ .","Hoover Institution Archives","Hoover Institution Archives","In Dari, Pushto (Pashto), Arabic, and English."],"unitid_tesim":["2016C32"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1968-2011"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Afghan partisan serials collection, 1968-2011"],"collection_title_tesim":["Afghan partisan serials collection, 1968-2011"],"collection_ssim":["Afghan partisan serials collection, 1968-2011"],"repository_ssm":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"geogname_ssm":["Afghanistan--History."],"geogname_ssim":["Afghanistan--History."],"places_ssim":["Afghanistan--History."],"access_terms_ssm":["For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials were acquired by the Hoover Institution Archives in 2016."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["14 manuscript boxes, 24 oversize boxes (53.8 linear feet)"],"extent_tesim":["14 manuscript boxes, 24 oversize boxes (53.8 linear feet)"],"date_range_isim":[1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOriginals closed; digital use copies available.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe digital collection is accessible in the Archives' reading room or for Stanford affiliated users at \n \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://aps.eastview.com/browse/udb/2331\"\u003e http://aps.eastview.com/browse/udb/2331\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Originals closed; digital use copies available.","The digital collection is accessible in the Archives' reading room or for Stanford affiliated users at \n http://aps.eastview.com/browse/udb/2331 ."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at \n \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://searchworks.stanford.edu/\"\u003ehttp://searchworks.stanford.edu/\u003c/extref\u003e. Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at \n http://searchworks.stanford.edu/ . Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection of newspapers, journals, and magazines in Dari, Pushto, Arabic, and English represent the viewpoints of diverse groups, including the leftist revolutionary People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, Zahir Shah-loyalists, various factions of Afghan Mujaheddin and foreign-backed jihadists, the Taliban-led government of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, as well as the Karzai regime, during a tumultuous period in the nation's history in which successive waves of foreign influence and invasion destabilized the region, resulting in more than three decades of armed struggle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePrint material in the collection covers events including the aftermath of the 1978 Saur revolution, the lives of political exiles and refugees in Pakistan, the complex interactions of anti-Soviet insurgency groups and their foreign backers in the U.S. and the Muslim world, the fall of Najibullah and civil war thereafter, the radicalization of foreign fighters in Kunar and Tora Bora, the rise and fall of the Taliban, the events of September 11, 2001, \"Operation Enduring Freedom,\" the establishment of Hamid Karzai as president, and the continuing International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) coalition occupation. Ranging from radical Islamists in favor of global jihad to cautious social democrats in support of civil society, the collection demonstrates the extraordinary range of ideologies and voices competing for mindshare in modern Afghanistan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMany of the serials are vividly illustrated with reproductions of photographic portraits, battlefield scenes, cityscapes, and martyrs fallen to various causes, while others, in accordance with strict interpretation of Sharia law, eschew visual imagery altogether.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Historical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The collection of newspapers, journals, and magazines in Dari, Pushto, Arabic, and English represent the viewpoints of diverse groups, including the leftist revolutionary People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan, Zahir Shah-loyalists, various factions of Afghan Mujaheddin and foreign-backed jihadists, the Taliban-led government of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, as well as the Karzai regime, during a tumultuous period in the nation's history in which successive waves of foreign influence and invasion destabilized the region, resulting in more than three decades of armed struggle.","Print material in the collection covers events including the aftermath of the 1978 Saur revolution, the lives of political exiles and refugees in Pakistan, the complex interactions of anti-Soviet insurgency groups and their foreign backers in the U.S. and the Muslim world, the fall of Najibullah and civil war thereafter, the radicalization of foreign fighters in Kunar and Tora Bora, the rise and fall of the Taliban, the events of September 11, 2001, \"Operation Enduring Freedom,\" the establishment of Hamid Karzai as president, and the continuing International Security Assistance Force (ISAF) coalition occupation. Ranging from radical Islamists in favor of global jihad to cautious social democrats in support of civil society, the collection demonstrates the extraordinary range of ideologies and voices competing for mindshare in modern Afghanistan.","Many of the serials are vividly illustrated with reproductions of photographic portraits, battlefield scenes, cityscapes, and martyrs fallen to various causes, while others, in accordance with strict interpretation of Sharia law, eschew visual imagery altogether.",""],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Afghan partisan serials collection, [Persistent URL], Hoover Institution Archives\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Afghan partisan serials collection, [Persistent URL], Hoover Institution Archives"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Afghan partisan serials collection consists of serials issued by various Afghan organizations (political and other) relating to political conditions and warfare in Afghanistan. The digital collection contains more than 4,000 individual issues of 29 newspapers, journals, and magazines published in Dari, Pushto, Arabic, and English and is accessible in the Archives' reading room or for Stanford affiliated users at \n \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://aps.eastview.com/browse/udb/2331\"\u003ehttp://aps.eastview.com/browse/udb/2331/\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn the digital collection, each publication contains an English-language translation, as well as vernacular text and transliterations of all titles, subtitles and mastheads, and publishers. A holistic transliteration methodology was adopted which was informed through recourse to WorldCat references and other digital holdings, linguistic preference for Dari and Pushto words of Arabic origin (i.e. Hizb rather than Hezb, or Mujaheddin rather than Mojahedin), and finally, popular convention and deference to spellings preferred by the publication itself (Hewad rather than Haywad, for instance). Lastly, true to the intent of the media as a fluid medium that places a premium on communication and absorption of information, diacritical markings that are a mainstay in scholarly publications are largely absent.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiscovery for newspapers is at the issue-page level; discovery for journals is at the article level (with a rich search discovery possible for key words and names in journal article titles and article authors). Presentation is in the form of scanned images in PDF format.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents of Collection"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Afghan partisan serials collection consists of serials issued by various Afghan organizations (political and other) relating to political conditions and warfare in Afghanistan. The digital collection contains more than 4,000 individual issues of 29 newspapers, journals, and magazines published in Dari, Pushto, Arabic, and English and is accessible in the Archives' reading room or for Stanford affiliated users at \n http://aps.eastview.com/browse/udb/2331/ .","In the digital collection, each publication contains an English-language translation, as well as vernacular text and transliterations of all titles, subtitles and mastheads, and publishers. A holistic transliteration methodology was adopted which was informed through recourse to WorldCat references and other digital holdings, linguistic preference for Dari and Pushto words of Arabic origin (i.e. Hizb rather than Hezb, or Mujaheddin rather than Mojahedin), and finally, popular convention and deference to spellings preferred by the publication itself (Hewad rather than Haywad, for instance). Lastly, true to the intent of the media as a fluid medium that places a premium on communication and absorption of information, diacritical markings that are a mainstay in scholarly publications are largely absent.","Discovery for newspapers is at the issue-page level; discovery for journals is at the article level (with a rich search discovery possible for key words and names in journal article titles and article authors). Presentation is in the form of scanned images in PDF format."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication Rights"],"userestrict_tesim":["For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"ref13\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eConsists of more than four thousand individual issues of twenty-nine newspapers, journals, and magazines published in Dari, Pushto, Arabic, and English by various Afghan organizations (political and other) relating to political conditions and warfare in Afghanistan. Afghanistan’s social and intellectual landscape is represented by the Taliban and anti-Soviet Mujaheddin groups; the communist People’s Democratic Party; exiled loyalists to the deposed Afghan monarchy; independent humanitarians and intellectuals; and minority political parties that emerged following the post-2001 transition toward democracy. The digital collection is accessible in the Archives' reading room or for Stanford affiliated users at \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" href=\"http://aps.eastview.com/browse/udb/2331\" show=\"new\"\u003e http://aps.eastview.com/browse/udb/2331/\u003c/extref\u003e.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Consists of more than four thousand individual issues of twenty-nine newspapers, journals, and magazines published in Dari, Pushto, Arabic, and English by various Afghan organizations (political and other) relating to political conditions and warfare in Afghanistan. Afghanistan’s social and intellectual landscape is represented by the Taliban and anti-Soviet Mujaheddin groups; the communist People’s Democratic Party; exiled loyalists to the deposed Afghan monarchy; independent humanitarians and intellectuals; and minority political parties that emerged following the post-2001 transition toward democracy. The digital collection is accessible in the Archives' reading room or for Stanford affiliated users at http://aps.eastview.com/browse/udb/2331/ ."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"ref14\" label=\"Physical Location\"\u003eHoover Institution Archives\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"names_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"language_ssim":["In Dari, Pushto (Pashto), Arabic, and English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":37,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"2016C32-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:00:38.327Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/2016C32-xml_ref59"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-014_aspace_5910f5f526e85f8db58d0510f4c6b5ec","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Topical File","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-014_aspace_5910f5f526e85f8db58d0510f4c6b5ec#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe Topical File series is the largest grouping of files. Partially drawn together various files of DeWeese and others, this series contains the most complete documentation of TM/TMED activities. In this series will be found files relating to organizational strategy and planning, with substantive material on constitutional reform and the organization's support for specific pieces of legislation. Also noteworthy in this series are files relating to the relationship between TM and other related organizations, such as the Michigan Association of Non-Public Schools (MANS), the Coalition for Better Schools, and the Mackinac Center for Public Policy.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-014_aspace_5910f5f526e85f8db58d0510f4c6b5ec#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_5910f5f526e85f8db58d0510f4c6b5ec","ref_ssm":["aspace_5910f5f526e85f8db58d0510f4c6b5ec","aspace_5910f5f526e85f8db58d0510f4c6b5ec"],"id":"umich-bhl-014_aspace_5910f5f526e85f8db58d0510f4c6b5ec","title_filing_ssi":"Topical File","title_ssm":["Topical File"],"title_tesim":["Topical File"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Topical File"],"text":["Topical File","TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","TEACH Michigan/Teach Michigan Education Fund","The Topical File series is the largest grouping of files. Partially drawn together various files of DeWeese and others, this series contains the most complete documentation of TM/TMED activities. In this series will be found files relating to organizational strategy and planning, with substantive material on constitutional reform and the organization's support for specific pieces of legislation. Also noteworthy in this series are files relating to the relationship between TM and other related organizations, such as the Michigan Association of Non-Public Schools (MANS), the Coalition for Better Schools, and the Mackinac Center for Public Policy."],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-014","aspace_cf956795d3593ee5250e5bb0d146af8e"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_cf956795d3593ee5250e5bb0d146af8e","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-014","umich-bhl-014_aspace_cf956795d3593ee5250e5bb0d146af8e"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","TEACH Michigan/Teach Michigan Education Fund"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","TEACH Michigan/Teach Michigan Education Fund"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Subgroup"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":52,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":33,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Research use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Topical File series is the largest grouping of files. Partially drawn together various files of DeWeese and others, this series contains the most complete documentation of TM/TMED activities. In this series will be found files relating to organizational strategy and planning, with substantive material on constitutional reform and the organization's support for specific pieces of legislation. Also noteworthy in this series are files relating to the relationship between TM and other related organizations, such as the Michigan Association of Non-Public Schools (MANS), the Coalition for Better Schools, and the Mackinac Center for Public Policy.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Topical File series is the largest grouping of files. Partially drawn together various files of DeWeese and others, this series contains the most complete documentation of TM/TMED activities. In this series will be found files relating to organizational strategy and planning, with substantive material on constitutional reform and the organization's support for specific pieces of legislation. Also noteworthy in this series are files relating to the relationship between TM and other related organizations, such as the Michigan Association of Non-Public Schools (MANS), the Coalition for Better Schools, and the Mackinac Center for Public Policy."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#2","_nest_parent_":"umich-bhl-014_aspace_cf956795d3593ee5250e5bb0d146af8e","_root_":"umich-bhl-014","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:12.778Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-014","title_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records"],"title_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-014","unitdate_ssm":["1989-1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1989-1996"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["014 Bj 2"],"text":["014 Bj 2","TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes.","Research use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese.","In 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.","This record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization.","Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","Offsite storage; prior notification required for access","Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N.","English","The materials are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["014 Bj 2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1989-1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"collection_title_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"collection_ssim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"creator_ssm":["TEACH Michigan."],"creator_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"creators_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"access_terms_ssm":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The record group came to the library from Partnership for Learning (formerly TEACH Michigan) in December 2000. Donor no. 9038"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["13 linear feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"date_range_isim":[1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearch use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Research use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eitem, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["item, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDonor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_85c28ec7f064d103fc6a1b17b4c73c99\"\u003eOrganization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4f9a3a50370f108b16342d0e56be5abb\"\u003eOffsite storage; prior notification required for access\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Offsite storage; prior notification required for access"],"names_coll_ssim":["Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N.","DeWeese, Paul N.","DeWeese, Paul N."],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N."],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund."],"persname_ssim":["DeWeese, Paul N."],"language_ssim":["English","The materials are in English."],"total_component_count_is":279,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-014","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:12.778Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-014_aspace_5910f5f526e85f8db58d0510f4c6b5ec"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-014_aspace_ff4a0ccea6004f45b3f146aa5c5435d6","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Topical Files","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-014_aspace_ff4a0ccea6004f45b3f146aa5c5435d6#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_ff4a0ccea6004f45b3f146aa5c5435d6","ref_ssm":["aspace_ff4a0ccea6004f45b3f146aa5c5435d6","aspace_ff4a0ccea6004f45b3f146aa5c5435d6"],"id":"umich-bhl-014_aspace_ff4a0ccea6004f45b3f146aa5c5435d6","title_filing_ssi":"Topical Files","title_ssm":["Topical Files"],"title_tesim":["Topical Files"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Topical Files"],"text":["Topical Files","TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","Michigan Center for Charter Schools"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-014","aspace_5954350cdf9272a6329ba20a2520d6c7"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_5954350cdf9272a6329ba20a2520d6c7","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-014","umich-bhl-014_aspace_5954350cdf9272a6329ba20a2520d6c7"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","Michigan Center for Charter Schools"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","Michigan Center for Charter Schools"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Subgroup"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. 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DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.","This record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization.","Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","Offsite storage; prior notification required for access","Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N.","English","The materials are in English."],"unitid_tesim":["014 Bj 2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1989-1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"collection_title_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"collection_ssim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. 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Donor no. 9038"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["13 linear feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"date_range_isim":[1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearch use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Research use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eitem, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["item, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDonor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_85c28ec7f064d103fc6a1b17b4c73c99\"\u003eOrganization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4f9a3a50370f108b16342d0e56be5abb\"\u003eOffsite storage; prior notification required for access\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Offsite storage; prior notification required for access"],"names_coll_ssim":["Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N.","DeWeese, Paul N.","DeWeese, Paul N."],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N."],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund."],"persname_ssim":["DeWeese, Paul N."],"language_ssim":["English","The materials are in English."],"total_component_count_is":279,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-014","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:12.778Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-014_aspace_ff4a0ccea6004f45b3f146aa5c5435d6"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_e7981e76ff84dcba502dd35a3f1f5f5a","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Voter Newsletter","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_e7981e76ff84dcba502dd35a3f1f5f5a#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe \u003cem\u003eVoter\u003c/em\u003e Newsletter series contains locally-produced copies of the \u003cem\u003eVoter\u003c/em\u003e, a newsletter published by each branch of the LWV. The newsletter covers the period from January 1978 to May 2001 for the Livonia group, October 1985 to May 1993 (with some gaps) for the Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi group, and July 2001 to December 2004 for the combined Northwest Wayne County group. Taken collectively, the publications provide comprehensive yet concise insight into the activities of the various branches.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_e7981e76ff84dcba502dd35a3f1f5f5a#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_e7981e76ff84dcba502dd35a3f1f5f5a","ref_ssm":["aspace_e7981e76ff84dcba502dd35a3f1f5f5a","aspace_e7981e76ff84dcba502dd35a3f1f5f5a"],"id":"umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_e7981e76ff84dcba502dd35a3f1f5f5a","title_filing_ssi":"Voter Newsletter","title_ssm":["Voter Newsletter"],"title_tesim":["Voter Newsletter"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Voter Newsletter"],"text":["Voter Newsletter","League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992","The Voter Newsletter series contains locally-produced copies of the Voter , a newsletter published by each branch of the LWV. The newsletter covers the period from January 1978 to May 2001 for the Livonia group, October 1985 to May 1993 (with some gaps) for the Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi group, and July 2001 to December 2004 for the combined Northwest Wayne County group. Taken collectively, the publications provide comprehensive yet concise insight into the activities of the various branches."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-2014137"],"parent_ssi":"umich-bhl-2014137","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-2014137"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":3,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":67,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVoter\u003c/title\u003e Newsletter series contains locally-produced copies of the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVoter\u003c/title\u003e, a newsletter published by each branch of the LWV. The newsletter covers the period from January 1978 to May 2001 for the Livonia group, October 1985 to May 1993 (with some gaps) for the Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi group, and July 2001 to December 2004 for the combined Northwest Wayne County group. Taken collectively, the publications provide comprehensive yet concise insight into the activities of the various branches.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Voter Newsletter series contains locally-produced copies of the Voter , a newsletter published by each branch of the LWV. The newsletter covers the period from January 1978 to May 2001 for the Livonia group, October 1985 to May 1993 (with some gaps) for the Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi group, and July 2001 to December 2004 for the combined Northwest Wayne County group. Taken collectively, the publications provide comprehensive yet concise insight into the activities of the various branches."],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","_nest_parent_":"umich-bhl-2014137","_root_":"umich-bhl-2014137","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:58.686Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-2014137","title_ssm":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records"],"title_tesim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-2014137","unitdate_ssm":["1957-2013","1973-1992"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1973-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1957-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2014137 Aa 2"],"text":["2014137 Aa 2","League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992","Wayne County (Mich.) -- Politics and government.","Environmental protection -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Intergovernmental relations in the United States -- Michigan.","Women -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Women -- Political activity -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Videotapes.","The collection is open to research.","No further additions to the records are expected.","The records are divided into three series based on content and type: Issues, Organizational Records, and Voter Newsletter.","The League of Women Voters (LWV) is a nonpartisan political organization that strives to increase active and knowledgeable participation by voters in the electoral process, educates citizens about critical public policy issues, and shapes these policies through its advocacy and educational programs. The LWV of Livonia, Mich. began with thirty-five members in 1960 and aimed to encourage active participation of local voters in the democratic process. In 2001, the branch was renamed the League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County; by 2014, its scope encompassed Livonia, Plymouth, Canton, Redford, Wayne, Garden City, Westland, and Northville Township. As of 2010, the Northwest Wayne County League had fifty volunteer members, both male and female. Members are also part of the League of Women Voters of Michigan (LWVMI) and the national League of Women Voters, both founded in 1920."," Northwest Wayne County's branch educates individuals to devise positive solutions to public policy problems and emphasizes conflict management. The organization maintains a nonpartisan stance, providing information on candidates but never endorsing or opposing any politician or political party. The League publishes free voter guides and \"They Represent You,\" a pamphlet furnishing contact information for local, state, and federal government representatives. Interested voters may also attend candidate forums and educational meetings about ballot proposals and public policy concerns of interest to northwest Wayne County. The group frequently undertakes intensive studies of policy issues ranging from waste disposal to education to prison reform, making a recommendation only after members reach consensus. Furthermore, with money from dues, donations, and fundraisers, the branch funds scholarships for local students."," Members of the Northwest Wayne County group have received awards from the University of Michigan-Dearborn and other organizations for their community service and others have gone on to serve as LWVMI officers.","Researchers may also wish to consult the following collections:"," League of Women Voters of Allen Park, records"," League of Women Voters of Berrien and Cass Counties, records"," League of Women Voters of Dearborn-Dearborn Heights (Mich.), records"," League of Women Voters of Grosse Pointe, records"," League of Women Voters of Michigan, records"," League of Women Voters of Monroe (Mich.), records"," League of Women Voters of Mount Clemens-Clinton Area, records"," League of Women Voters of the Ann Arbor Area, records","The records of the League of Women Voters (LWV) of Northwest County include organizational documents and publications, correspondence, membership rosters, local studies, and extensive meeting minutes drawn from all predecessor organizations but primarily from the LWV of Livonia. Although the documents encompass the years from 1957 to 2013, most are from the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. Researchers will find records of LWV operations, such as fundraising and board elections, as well as a wealth of information relating to urban challenges, social issues, and environmental concerns of the greater Detroit area in the late 20th century. A glimpse into broader state issues, such as Michigan's penitential system, also emerges in the documents. Extensive collections of LWV newsletters from the Livonia and Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi branches, as well as the subsequent merged organization, will also be of interest to those researching the political participation of women during and after the women's liberation movement.","Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Records of the League of Women Voters (LWV) of Northwest Wayne County in Michigan and its predecessor organizations, the LWV of Livonia and the LWV of Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi. Collection includes organizational records, newsletters, correspondence, and other records documenting the activities of the three groups.","Bentley Historical Library","League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County.","English","The material is in English"],"unitid_tesim":["2014137 Aa 2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992"],"collection_title_tesim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992"],"collection_ssim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Wayne County (Mich.) -- Politics and government."],"geogname_ssim":["Wayne County (Mich.) -- Politics and government."],"creator_ssm":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County."],"creator_ssim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County."],"creators_ssim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County."],"places_ssim":["Wayne County (Mich.) -- Politics and government."],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The record group was donated by the League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County (donor no. 11100 ) in May 2014."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Environmental protection -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Intergovernmental relations in the United States -- Michigan.","Women -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Women -- Political activity -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Videotapes."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Environmental protection -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Intergovernmental relations in the United States -- Michigan.","Women -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Women -- Political activity -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Videotapes."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["3 linear feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Videotapes."],"date_range_isim":[1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo further additions to the records are expected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["No further additions to the records are expected."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records are divided into three series based on content and type: Issues, Organizational Records, and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVoter\u003c/title\u003e Newsletter.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The records are divided into three series based on content and type: Issues, Organizational Records, and Voter Newsletter."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe League of Women Voters (LWV) is a nonpartisan political organization that strives to increase active and knowledgeable participation by voters in the electoral process, educates citizens about critical public policy issues, and shapes these policies through its advocacy and educational programs. The LWV of Livonia, Mich. began with thirty-five members in 1960 and aimed to encourage active participation of local voters in the democratic process. In 2001, the branch was renamed the League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County; by 2014, its scope encompassed Livonia, Plymouth, Canton, Redford, Wayne, Garden City, Westland, and Northville Township. As of 2010, the Northwest Wayne County League had fifty volunteer members, both male and female. Members are also part of the League of Women Voters of Michigan (LWVMI) and the national League of Women Voters, both founded in 1920.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Northwest Wayne County's branch educates individuals to devise positive solutions to public policy problems and emphasizes conflict management. The organization maintains a nonpartisan stance, providing information on candidates but never endorsing or opposing any politician or political party. The League publishes free voter guides and \"They Represent You,\" a pamphlet furnishing contact information for local, state, and federal government representatives. Interested voters may also attend candidate forums and educational meetings about ballot proposals and public policy concerns of interest to northwest Wayne County. The group frequently undertakes intensive studies of policy issues ranging from waste disposal to education to prison reform, making a recommendation only after members reach consensus. Furthermore, with money from dues, donations, and fundraisers, the branch funds scholarships for local students.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Members of the Northwest Wayne County group have received awards from the University of Michigan-Dearborn and other organizations for their community service and others have gone on to serve as LWVMI officers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The League of Women Voters (LWV) is a nonpartisan political organization that strives to increase active and knowledgeable participation by voters in the electoral process, educates citizens about critical public policy issues, and shapes these policies through its advocacy and educational programs. The LWV of Livonia, Mich. began with thirty-five members in 1960 and aimed to encourage active participation of local voters in the democratic process. In 2001, the branch was renamed the League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County; by 2014, its scope encompassed Livonia, Plymouth, Canton, Redford, Wayne, Garden City, Westland, and Northville Township. As of 2010, the Northwest Wayne County League had fifty volunteer members, both male and female. Members are also part of the League of Women Voters of Michigan (LWVMI) and the national League of Women Voters, both founded in 1920."," Northwest Wayne County's branch educates individuals to devise positive solutions to public policy problems and emphasizes conflict management. The organization maintains a nonpartisan stance, providing information on candidates but never endorsing or opposing any politician or political party. The League publishes free voter guides and \"They Represent You,\" a pamphlet furnishing contact information for local, state, and federal government representatives. Interested voters may also attend candidate forums and educational meetings about ballot proposals and public policy concerns of interest to northwest Wayne County. The group frequently undertakes intensive studies of policy issues ranging from waste disposal to education to prison reform, making a recommendation only after members reach consensus. Furthermore, with money from dues, donations, and fundraisers, the branch funds scholarships for local students."," Members of the Northwest Wayne County group have received awards from the University of Michigan-Dearborn and other organizations for their community service and others have gone on to serve as LWVMI officers."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item], folder, box, League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item], folder, box, League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers may also wish to consult the following collections:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Allen Park, records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Berrien and Cass Counties, records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Dearborn-Dearborn Heights (Mich.), records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Grosse Pointe, records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Michigan, records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Monroe (Mich.), records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Mount Clemens-Clinton Area, records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of the Ann Arbor Area, records\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Researchers may also wish to consult the following collections:"," League of Women Voters of Allen Park, records"," League of Women Voters of Berrien and Cass Counties, records"," League of Women Voters of Dearborn-Dearborn Heights (Mich.), records"," League of Women Voters of Grosse Pointe, records"," League of Women Voters of Michigan, records"," League of Women Voters of Monroe (Mich.), records"," League of Women Voters of Mount Clemens-Clinton Area, records"," League of Women Voters of the Ann Arbor Area, records"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records of the League of Women Voters (LWV) of Northwest County include organizational documents and publications, correspondence, membership rosters, local studies, and extensive meeting minutes drawn from all predecessor organizations but primarily from the LWV of Livonia. Although the documents encompass the years from 1957 to 2013, most are from the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. Researchers will find records of LWV operations, such as fundraising and board elections, as well as a wealth of information relating to urban challenges, social issues, and environmental concerns of the greater Detroit area in the late 20th century. A glimpse into broader state issues, such as Michigan's penitential system, also emerges in the documents. Extensive collections of LWV newsletters from the Livonia and Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi branches, as well as the subsequent merged organization, will also be of interest to those researching the political participation of women during and after the women's liberation movement.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The records of the League of Women Voters (LWV) of Northwest County include organizational documents and publications, correspondence, membership rosters, local studies, and extensive meeting minutes drawn from all predecessor organizations but primarily from the LWV of Livonia. Although the documents encompass the years from 1957 to 2013, most are from the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. Researchers will find records of LWV operations, such as fundraising and board elections, as well as a wealth of information relating to urban challenges, social issues, and environmental concerns of the greater Detroit area in the late 20th century. A glimpse into broader state issues, such as Michigan's penitential system, also emerges in the documents. Extensive collections of LWV newsletters from the Livonia and Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi branches, as well as the subsequent merged organization, will also be of interest to those researching the political participation of women during and after the women's liberation movement."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1194f506255c3ab03350e6f4d84d06ca\"\u003eRecords of the League of Women Voters (LWV) of Northwest Wayne County in Michigan and its predecessor organizations, the LWV of Livonia and the LWV of Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi. Collection includes organizational records, newsletters, correspondence, and other records documenting the activities of the three groups.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Records of the League of Women Voters (LWV) of Northwest Wayne County in Michigan and its predecessor organizations, the LWV of Livonia and the LWV of Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi. Collection includes organizational records, newsletters, correspondence, and other records documenting the activities of the three groups."],"names_coll_ssim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County."],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County."],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County."],"language_ssim":["English","The material is in English"],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":80,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-2014137","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:58.686Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_e7981e76ff84dcba502dd35a3f1f5f5a"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"David V. Tinder Collection of Michigan Photography, County File, Wayne County 1865-1985","value":"David V. 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