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DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.","This record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization.","Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. 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Donor no.  9038"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["13 linear feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"date_range_isim":[1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearch use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Research use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eitem, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["item, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDonor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_85c28ec7f064d103fc6a1b17b4c73c99\"\u003eOrganization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. 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DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.","This record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. 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DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. 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Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. 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With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eitem, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["item, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. 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Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDonor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. 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Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. 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DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.","This record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization.","Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. 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DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eitem, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["item, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. 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Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDonor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_85c28ec7f064d103fc6a1b17b4c73c99\"\u003eOrganization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4f9a3a50370f108b16342d0e56be5abb\"\u003eOffsite storage; prior notification required for access\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Offsite storage; prior notification required for access"],"names_coll_ssim":["Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N.","DeWeese, Paul N.","DeWeese, Paul N."],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N."],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund."],"persname_ssim":["DeWeese, Paul N."],"language_ssim":["English","The materials are in  English."],"total_component_count_is":279,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-014","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:12.778Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-014_aspace_c94a3f3c2b385c0ae72b1bb92ec64ec7"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-0312_aspace_9b0065ac5e7e1c47d821dd76c2927369","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Proposals and Scripts, 1996-1997","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-0312_aspace_9b0065ac5e7e1c47d821dd76c2927369#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_9b0065ac5e7e1c47d821dd76c2927369","ref_ssm":["aspace_9b0065ac5e7e1c47d821dd76c2927369","aspace_9b0065ac5e7e1c47d821dd76c2927369"],"id":"umich-bhl-0312_aspace_9b0065ac5e7e1c47d821dd76c2927369","title_filing_ssi":"Proposals and Scripts","title_ssm":["Proposals and Scripts"],"title_tesim":["Proposals and Scripts"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1996-1997"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1996-1997"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Proposals and Scripts, 1996-1997"],"text":["Proposals and Scripts, 1996-1997","Peter Sparling papers, 1961-2013, bulk 1970-2000","Choreography, 1982-1999","Seven Enigmas","box 1"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-0312","aspace_6660fac86a5c3507d00d532c9318d5a6","aspace_dc4742495a6d5c5bca6d46d6c000596d"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_dc4742495a6d5c5bca6d46d6c000596d","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-0312","umich-bhl-0312_aspace_6660fac86a5c3507d00d532c9318d5a6","umich-bhl-0312_aspace_dc4742495a6d5c5bca6d46d6c000596d"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Peter Sparling papers, 1961-2013, bulk 1970-2000","Choreography, 1982-1999","Seven Enigmas"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Peter Sparling papers, 1961-2013, bulk 1970-2000","Choreography, 1982-1999","Seven Enigmas"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","File"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. 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Equipment needed to view the DVC-Pro digital cassettes in this series is not currently available at the Bentley Library. Contact the reference archivist to arrange for duplication of tapes.","Periodic additions to the records expected.","Peter Sparling is Professor of Dance at the University of Michigan School of Music. Well known as both performer and choreographer, he has danced with Martha Graham and Jose Limon."," Sparling got his first dance training while on a scholarship for violin performance at Interlochen Arts Academy. He added dance to his major and graduated in 1969, and then attended The Juilliard School, receiving his B.F.A. in 1973. While still at Juilliard, Sparling began touring with the Jose Limon Dance Company, traveling to Europe, Russia and Asia. He co-founded Dance Mobile with Janet Eilber, Ange Wolf and Diana Hart, all of whom he met at Interlochen. In 1974, he married another dancer he had met while at Interlochen, Shelley Washington. They divorced after three years."," In 1973, after the death of Jose Limon, Sparling was invited to join the Martha Graham Dance Company. Graham dramatically influenced Sparling's performance and his choreography, and he created and performed his own works during the six years he was with the Graham Company. When he left the company in 1979, he formed Peter Sparling Presents Solo Flight, and then the Peter Sparling Dance Company, as vehicles for his choreography. He continued to dance occasionally with the Graham Company until 1987."," In 1984, after several teaching residencies in such institutions as Barnard College in New York, Florida State University, Cloud Gate Dance Theatre in Taiwan and the Laban Centre for Movement Studies in London, Sparling was hired as Assistant Professor at the University of Michigan Dance Department. He was chair of the Department from 1988 through 1995. In 1984, he co-founded Ann Arbor Dance Works, the University of Michigan's resident dance company. In 1993, Peter founded the Peter Sparling Dance Co. a non-profit organization that continues today. Further information about Sparling's dance company or current work see http://www.dancegalleryfoundation.org.","","The Peter Sparling Papers include materials relating to Sparling's dance training, performance, and teaching. The papers are divided into eight series: Background Materials, Choreography, Correspondence, Dance Companies, Programs, Reviews, Photographs, Performance, Audition, and Rehearsal Videos, and Posters.","Copyright is retained by Peter Sparling. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Peter Sparling is Professor of Dance at the University of Michigan School of Music. Well known as both performer and choreographer, he has danced with Martha Graham and Jose Limon. Papers consist of materials relating to Sparling's dance training, performance, and teaching including background materials; choreography notes and sketches; correspondence; clippings and publicity from dance companies with whom he was associated; programs and reviews; photographs, video and film of performances; and posters.","Bentley Historical Library","University of Michigan. -- Faculty.","University of Michigan. School of Music.","Sparling, Peter.","Sparling, Peter, 1951-","Sparling, Peter, Performances, 1951-","English","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["0312 Aa2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1961-2013, bulk 1970-2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Peter Sparling papers, 1961-2013, bulk 1970-2000"],"collection_title_tesim":["Peter Sparling papers, 1961-2013, bulk 1970-2000"],"collection_ssim":["Peter Sparling papers, 1961-2013, bulk 1970-2000"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. 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Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials were donated by Peter Sparling (donor no. 8992) beginning in 2001."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Choreographers -- United States.","Dancers -- United States.","Ballet -- United States.","Ballet -- Study and teaching.","Choreography.","Ballet -- United States.","Dancers.","Posters.","Videotapes.","Motion pictures.","Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Choreographers -- United States.","Dancers -- United States.","Ballet -- United States.","Ballet -- Study and teaching.","Choreography.","Ballet -- United States.","Dancers.","Posters.","Videotapes.","Motion pictures.","Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["6 linear feet","89.5 GB"],"extent_tesim":["6 linear feet","89.5 GB"],"physfacet_tesim":["online"],"genreform_ssim":["Posters.","Videotapes.","Motion pictures.","Photographs."],"date_range_isim":[1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Access to some of the online digital files in the Performance, Audition, and Rehearsal Videos series is restricted to viewing the Bentley Library Reading Room and at the University of Michigan School of Music, Theatre and Dance. 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In 1974, he married another dancer he had met while at Interlochen, Shelley Washington. They divorced after three years.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1973, after the death of Jose Limon, Sparling was invited to join the Martha Graham Dance Company. Graham dramatically influenced Sparling's performance and his choreography, and he created and performed his own works during the six years he was with the Graham Company. When he left the company in 1979, he formed Peter Sparling Presents Solo Flight, and then the Peter Sparling Dance Company, as vehicles for his choreography. He continued to dance occasionally with the Graham Company until 1987.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1984, after several teaching residencies in such institutions as Barnard College in New York, Florida State University, Cloud Gate Dance Theatre in Taiwan and the Laban Centre for Movement Studies in London, Sparling was hired as Assistant Professor at the University of Michigan Dance Department. He was chair of the Department from 1988 through 1995. In 1984, he co-founded Ann Arbor Dance Works, the University of Michigan's resident dance company. In 1993, Peter founded the Peter Sparling Dance Co. a non-profit organization that continues today. Further information about Sparling's dance company or current work see http://www.dancegalleryfoundation.org.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Peter Sparling is Professor of Dance at the University of Michigan School of Music. Well known as both performer and choreographer, he has danced with Martha Graham and Jose Limon."," Sparling got his first dance training while on a scholarship for violin performance at Interlochen Arts Academy. He added dance to his major and graduated in 1969, and then attended The Juilliard School, receiving his B.F.A. in 1973. While still at Juilliard, Sparling began touring with the Jose Limon Dance Company, traveling to Europe, Russia and Asia. He co-founded Dance Mobile with Janet Eilber, Ange Wolf and Diana Hart, all of whom he met at Interlochen. In 1974, he married another dancer he had met while at Interlochen, Shelley Washington. They divorced after three years."," In 1973, after the death of Jose Limon, Sparling was invited to join the Martha Graham Dance Company. Graham dramatically influenced Sparling's performance and his choreography, and he created and performed his own works during the six years he was with the Graham Company. When he left the company in 1979, he formed Peter Sparling Presents Solo Flight, and then the Peter Sparling Dance Company, as vehicles for his choreography. He continued to dance occasionally with the Graham Company until 1987."," In 1984, after several teaching residencies in such institutions as Barnard College in New York, Florida State University, Cloud Gate Dance Theatre in Taiwan and the Laban Centre for Movement Studies in London, Sparling was hired as Assistant Professor at the University of Michigan Dance Department. He was chair of the Department from 1988 through 1995. In 1984, he co-founded Ann Arbor Dance Works, the University of Michigan's resident dance company. In 1993, Peter founded the Peter Sparling Dance Co. a non-profit organization that continues today. Further information about Sparling's dance company or current work see http://www.dancegalleryfoundation.org."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item], folder, box, Peter Sparling papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item], folder, box, Peter Sparling papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cextptr actuate=\"onload\" href=\"digitalproc\" show=\"embed\"\u003e\u003c/extptr\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":[""],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Peter Sparling Papers include materials relating to Sparling's dance training, performance, and teaching. 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Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_e7ba80ca0d30560d8aa900af8025f1a9\"\u003ePeter Sparling is Professor of Dance at the University of Michigan School of Music. Well known as both performer and choreographer, he has danced with Martha Graham and Jose Limon. Papers consist of materials relating to Sparling's dance training, performance, and teaching including background materials; choreography notes and sketches; correspondence; clippings and publicity from dance companies with whom he was associated; programs and reviews; photographs, video and film of performances; and posters.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Peter Sparling is Professor of Dance at the University of Michigan School of Music. Well known as both performer and choreographer, he has danced with Martha Graham and Jose Limon. Papers consist of materials relating to Sparling's dance training, performance, and teaching including background materials; choreography notes and sketches; correspondence; clippings and publicity from dance companies with whom he was associated; programs and reviews; photographs, video and film of performances; and posters."],"names_coll_ssim":["University of Michigan. -- Faculty.","University of Michigan. School of Music.","Sparling, Peter, 1951-","Sparling, Peter, 1951-","Sparling, Peter, Performances, 1951-"],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","University of Michigan. -- Faculty.","University of Michigan. School of Music.","Sparling, Peter.","Sparling, Peter, 1951-","Sparling, Peter, Performances, 1951-"],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","University of Michigan. -- Faculty.","University of Michigan. School of Music."],"persname_ssim":["Sparling, Peter.","Sparling, Peter, 1951-","Sparling, Peter, Performances, 1951-"],"language_ssim":["English","The material is in  English"],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":280,"online_item_count_is":24,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-0312","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:20.872Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-0312_aspace_9b0065ac5e7e1c47d821dd76c2927369"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-014_aspace_00a9090fb62c46898492843870c78cdf","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Prospects for Support","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-014_aspace_00a9090fb62c46898492843870c78cdf#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_00a9090fb62c46898492843870c78cdf","ref_ssm":["aspace_00a9090fb62c46898492843870c78cdf","aspace_00a9090fb62c46898492843870c78cdf"],"id":"umich-bhl-014_aspace_00a9090fb62c46898492843870c78cdf","title_filing_ssi":"Prospects for Support","title_ssm":["Prospects for Support"],"title_tesim":["Prospects for Support"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Prospects for Support"],"text":["Prospects for Support","TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","Michigan Center for Charter Schools","Statements, guidelines, etc","box 13"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-014","aspace_5954350cdf9272a6329ba20a2520d6c7","aspace_ba59d477f0d9cfe6409c7e117a989958"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_ba59d477f0d9cfe6409c7e117a989958","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-014","umich-bhl-014_aspace_5954350cdf9272a6329ba20a2520d6c7","umich-bhl-014_aspace_ba59d477f0d9cfe6409c7e117a989958"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","Michigan Center for Charter Schools","Statements, guidelines, etc"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","Michigan Center for Charter Schools","Statements, guidelines, etc"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Subgroup","Series"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":269,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Research use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"containers_ssim":["box 13"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#7/components#32","_nest_parent_":"umich-bhl-014_aspace_ba59d477f0d9cfe6409c7e117a989958","_root_":"umich-bhl-014","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:12.778Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-014","title_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records"],"title_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-014","unitdate_ssm":["1989-1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1989-1996"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["014 Bj 2"],"text":["014 Bj 2","TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes.","Research use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese.","In 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.","This record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization.","Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","Offsite storage; prior notification required for access","Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N.","English","The materials are in  English."],"unitid_tesim":["014 Bj 2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1989-1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"collection_title_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"collection_ssim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"creator_ssm":["TEACH Michigan."],"creator_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"creators_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"access_terms_ssm":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The record group came to the library from Partnership for Learning (formerly TEACH Michigan) in December 2000. Donor no.  9038"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["13 linear feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"date_range_isim":[1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearch use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Research use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eitem, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["item, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDonor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_85c28ec7f064d103fc6a1b17b4c73c99\"\u003eOrganization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4f9a3a50370f108b16342d0e56be5abb\"\u003eOffsite storage; prior notification required for access\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Offsite storage; prior notification required for access"],"names_coll_ssim":["Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N.","DeWeese, Paul N.","DeWeese, Paul N."],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N."],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund."],"persname_ssim":["DeWeese, Paul N."],"language_ssim":["English","The materials are in  English."],"total_component_count_is":279,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-014","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:12.778Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-014_aspace_00a9090fb62c46898492843870c78cdf"}},{"id":"ohrc072_d1e19237","type":"Interview","attributes":{"title":"Prosser, Franklin April 15, 1996 April 17, 1996","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ohrc072_d1e19237#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eBorn July 4, 1935 in Atlanta, GA, Franklin Prosser arrived in Bloomington as a post-doctoral student in the Chemistry Department under Professor Harrison Shull. Prosser was involved in the development of the IU Computing Center and the Department of Computer Science where he served as Director of Education. In this interview he discusses the development of the curriculum for the Department of Computer Science and the struggles to have the program recognized and accepted by other departments. Also, he discusses the process of tenure in the Department of Computer Science and shares his thoughts on the ethics of emerging technologies.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ohrc072_d1e19237#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"d1e19237","ref_ssm":["d1e19237","d1e19237"],"id":"ohrc072_d1e19237","title_filing_ssi":"Prosser, Franklin April 15, 1996 April 17, 1996","title_ssm":["Prosser, Franklin April 15, 1996 April 17, 1996"],"title_tesim":["Prosser, Franklin April 15, 1996 April 17, 1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Prosser, Franklin April 15, 1996 April 17, 1996"],"text":["Prosser, Franklin April 15, 1996 April 17, 1996","Indiana University Oral History\n            Archive, 1991-1998","96-007","51 pp.; 4 tapes, 1 7/8 ips, 200 minutes; index","chemistry","computers","computer science","computer science development","computer science program","computing","computing center","crescent renovation project","tenure","chair","Director of Education","Open","Born July 4, 1935 in Atlanta, GA, Franklin Prosser arrived in Bloomington as a post-doctoral student in the Chemistry Department under Professor Harrison Shull. Prosser was involved in the development of the IU Computing Center and the Department of Computer Science where he served as Director of Education. In this interview he discusses the development of the curriculum for the Department of Computer Science and the struggles to have the program recognized and accepted by other departments. Also, he discusses the process of tenure in the Department of Computer Science and shares his thoughts on the ethics of emerging technologies."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ssim":["ohrc072"],"parent_ssi":"ohrc072","parent_ids_ssim":["ohrc072"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Indiana University Oral History\n            Archive, 1991-1998"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Indiana University Oral History\n            Archive, 1991-1998"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["96-007"],"repository_ssim":["Indiana University, Center for Documentary Research and Practice"],"collection_ssim":["Indiana University Oral History\n            Archive, 1991-1998"],"physdesc_tesim":["51 pp.; 4 tapes, 1 7/8 ips, 200 minutes; index"],"creator_ssim":["Kraemer, Peter"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Interview"],"level_ssim":["Interview"],"sort_isi":144,"corpname_ssim":["Computing Center","Department of Computer Science","Hewlett-Packard","National Science Foundation","Texas Instruments","University Computing Services","Xerox Corporation"],"persname_ssim":["Kraemer, Peter","Hagstrom, Stanley","Martin, Wayne","Purdom, Paul","Ryan, John","Shull, Harrison","Springer, George","Whitney, Dedaimia","Winkel, David","Wise, David","Wrubel, Marshall","Young, Steve",""],"access_subjects_ssim":["chemistry","computers","computer science","computer science development","computer science program","computing","computing center","crescent renovation project","tenure","chair","Director of Education"],"access_subjects_ssm":["chemistry","computers","computer science","computer science development","computer science program","computing","computing center","crescent renovation project","tenure","chair","Director of Education"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Status"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Open"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn July 4, 1935 in Atlanta, GA, Franklin Prosser arrived in Bloomington as a post-doctoral student in the Chemistry Department under Professor Harrison Shull. Prosser was involved in the development of the IU Computing Center and the Department of Computer Science where he served as Director of Education. In this interview he discusses the development of the curriculum for the Department of Computer Science and the struggles to have the program recognized and accepted by other departments. Also, he discusses the process of tenure in the Department of Computer Science and shares his thoughts on the ethics of emerging technologies.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Born July 4, 1935 in Atlanta, GA, Franklin Prosser arrived in Bloomington as a post-doctoral student in the Chemistry Department under Professor Harrison Shull. Prosser was involved in the development of the IU Computing Center and the Department of Computer Science where he served as Director of Education. In this interview he discusses the development of the curriculum for the Department of Computer Science and the struggles to have the program recognized and accepted by other departments. Also, he discusses the process of tenure in the Department of Computer Science and shares his thoughts on the ethics of emerging technologies."],"_nest_path_":"/components#143","_nest_parent_":"ohrc072","_root_":"ohrc072","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:03:26.449Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"ohrc072","title_ssm":["Indiana University Oral History\n            Archive"],"title_tesim":["Indiana University Oral History\n            Archive"],"ead_ssi":"ohrc072","unitdate_ssm":["1991-1998"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1991-1998"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["ohrc072"],"text":["ohrc072","Indiana University Oral History\n            Archive, 1991-1998",". .","This collection contains 194 interviews conducted over 7 years. All interviews consist\n            of audio tapes and typed transcripts, as well as collateral materials. ","This project is a compilation of interviews\n            of subjects with strong ties to and memories of Indiana University, primarily at the\n            Bloomington campus, including former students, faculty, and staff, among others. The\n            information spans most of the twentieth century and deals with the administrations under\n            presidents Herman B Wells, John Ryan, Thomas Ehrlich, and Myles Brand. The project\n            occurred in two parts. The first round of interviews was with administrators, trustees,\n            and other high-ranking members of the university hierarchy. The second round of\n            interviews was with senior faculty from a number of departments in the College of Arts\n            and Sciences. The project is a survey of Indiana University's history as a whole\n            including information about various academic departments, athletics, student\n            organizations, campus growth, and the university's growth in the twentieth century. This\n            project was funded by President Emeritus John Ryan.","Interviews are housed in Radio-TV Building, Room 314.\n            Copies of interview transcripts are also held by the IU Libraries University Archives.\n            Contact archives@indiana.edu for more information. For other locations housing the\n            interviews from this project, please contact the Center for Documentary Research and\n            Practice office.","Indiana University Center for Documentary Research and Practice","Indiana University Center for the Study of\n               History and Memory","Bloomington National Bank","Indiana University Inter-fraternity Council","Indiana University Office of Risk Management","Indiana University School of Law","United States Student Association","Arthur R. Metz Foundation","Indiana University Department of Chemistry","Little 500","Proctor and Gamble","Purdue University","student foundation","Houghton College","National Association of Schools of Music","New York University","North Texas State University","South Central College","Westminster Choir College","Yale University","","Army ROTC","Athletic Department","School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation","Indiana University Foundation Board","board of trustees","Lilly Endowment","Phi Kappa Psi","Alumni Association","Indiana Department of Public Welfare","Indiana State Chamber of Commerce","Indiana Vocational Technical College","alumni club","Bloomington School of Law","Investment Committee","Standard Life Insurance Company","IUPUI","United States Air Force","Chicago-Kent Law School","FBI","IUPUI School of Law","IUPUI University Library","United States Department of Justice","Indiana University Alumni Association","Indiana University School of Medicine","Green Feathers","Indiana University School of Business","Red Cross","Indiana University Kokomo","Indiana University","Center for Studies of Law in Action","Indiana State Police","Indiana State Police Academy","Indiana University Department of Criminal Justice","Indiana University Department of Police Administration","Northwestern University","Indiana Conference of Higher Education","Indiana University Credit Union","Indiana University Division of Undergraduate Development","Stillman College","Neal Marshall Cultural Center","Omega Psi Chi","American Legion","Indiana University Business Office","Treasurer's Office","Indiana University Lilly Library","United States Navy","Hoosiers for Higher Education","University Apartments","Fair Play for Cuba Committee","Indiana University Foundation","International Business Forum","University of Indianapolis","faculty council","Indiana University Department of Comparative Literature","Indiana University South Bend","Indiana University Collins Living-Learning Center"," Indiana University Department of English","Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and\n                     Reproduction","Indiana University Southeast","Indiana University School of Medicine ","Sigma Chi","American Chemical Society ","Central High School ","Cornell University","Indiana Daily Student","Indiana University School of Dentistry","Johns Hopkins University","National Science Foundation","Indiana University Athletic Committee","Indiana University Men's Club","National Collegiate Athletic Association","Architectural Committee","Union Board","Board of Aeons","Inland Container Corporation","Krannert Charitable Trust","Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy,\n                     Incorporated","Goethe Link Observatory","Harvard Observatory","Indiana University Department of Astronomy","Indiana University Kirkwood Observatory","Lawrence Fellowship","Lowell Observatory","Seymour High School","Brookings Institute","Harvard University","Legal Services Corporation","Stanford University","Board of Trustees","Indiana University Northwest","Indiana University Department of Philosophy","Indiana University School of Music","American Life Convention","Harvard Law School","John Hancock Company","Ku Klux Klan","American Council on Education","Transylvania University","Army Air Corps","Concordia University-St. Paul","ERIC","Reader's Digest","School of Public and Environmental Affairs","University of Minnesota","Bowling Green University","Indiana State Music Association","Notre Dame","Yale","Indiana University student union board","Phi Gamma Delta"," Indiana University Student Association","Center on Philanthropy","Middle Way House","MTV","Women's Wheels","American Broadcasting Company","Hofstra University","Juilliard Conservatory","New School for Social Research","Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra","Sigma Alpha Epsilon","London University","Sheffield University","University of Maryland","University of California at Santa Barbara","Indiana University Kokomo School of Business","University of Michigan","Carnegie Mellon University","Ohio State University ","Phi Betta Kappa","University of Pittsburgh","Western College for Women","Indiana State University","Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne","General Electric Company","Lazarus Department Store","Studebaker Corporation","Beta Gamma Sigma","dean's advisory committee","Phi Beta Kappa","Hoosier 100","Black Student Union","Common Cause","Indiana University Student Association","Alpha Chi Omega","Woodburn Guild","General Motors Corporation","Neal Marshall Black Culture Center","New York Jets","Earlham College","Indiana University East","Iowa State University","Lockheed Corporation","MIT","IUPUI School of Law ","Columbia University School of Law","Air Force ROTC","Ivy Tech State College","Yale Law School","Enhancing Minority Attainment Conference","Lehman College","National Endowment for the Humanities","Indiana University Medical Center","Armstrong Cork Company","Indiana University School of Business ","Thatcher Glass Company","United Way of America","Columbia University","Kabul University","Neal Marshall Cultural Center ","Beta Theta Pi","Detroit Lions","I-Men's Association","Johnson Creamery","Indiana University Bloomington","Indiana University Hospital","Riley Hospital","Beekman and Bogue","Cotton and Franklin ","Interborough Rapid Transit Company ","Indiana University Department of Computer Science","Mini University","Purdue University ","Ford Motor Company","University of Evansville","College of William and Mary","Vassar College","Indiana University Fort Wayne","Purdue Universit","Indiana University Audio Visual Department","Indiana University Department of the Extension Division","Gay Straight Alliance","Indiana University Faculty Council","Sigma Nu","Indiana University Association of Women Students","Jordan River Review","Black Film Center/Archive","Case Western Reserve University","NAACP","Department of Radio and Television","Department of Telecommunications","WTIU","Indiana General Assembly","Indiana University Black Student Union","Indiana University Department of Geology","UCLA","Michigan State University","Fellowship of Christian Athletes","Progressive Reform Party","Students for a Democratic Society","Supreme Court","United States Army","Officers Candidate School","Department of History","Kappa Alpha Psi","Indiana University Human Genome Diversity Project","California Institute of Technology","Indiana University Department of Speech","Indiana University Department of Theater","St. Cloud University","University of Pennsylvania","Barter Theater","Booth Theater","Brown County Playhouse","Department of Theatre","Indiana University of Pennsylvania","Maurer School of Law","Indiana Univeristy Foundation","ROTC","Upjohn Company","Creighton College","Psi Iota Xi","Simpson College","University of Iowa","Sphinx Club","Indiana University Student Athletic Board","Indiana University Law School","Varsity Club","Center for Strategic and International Studies","Republican Party","Bloomington Community Foundation"," board of trustees","Bristol-Myers","Mead Johnson and Company","National Association of College and University Business\n                     Officers","Wayne State University","Little United Nations Assembly","City University of New York","Foster Quad Black Student Association","Echo Press","Guggenheim Foundation","National Endowment for the Arts","University of Colorado, Boulder","University of Nebraska","McKinney School of Law","West Georgia College","Peace Corps","Bloomington World","Marching Hundred","Dow Chemical Company","Kinsey Institute","University of Buffalo","University of Chicago","Computing Center","Department of Computer Science","Hewlett-Packard","Texas Instruments","University Computing Services","Xerox Corporation","Indiana Commission on Higher Education","University of Detroit","Indiana University Department of German","Indiana University Institute for Advanced Study","Sigma Alpha Nu","Blue Key","Claude Rich Scholarship","Monroe County Youth Shelter","Acacia","Lindley Hall","University of Ghana","athletic committee","Bob Knight Endowment","Friends of Music","Indiana University School of Journalism","City Securities Corporation","Indiana University Student Foundation","Merrill Lynch and Company, Incorporated","School of Business","University of California, Berkeley","Army Airways Communication System","Indiana University Department of Speech Communication","Barnes and Thornburg","Barnes, Hickam, Pantzer and Boyd","Big House Coalition","Independent Party","Indiana University All-Campus Party","Indiana University Board of Aeons","Organized Party","Oxford University","Westmont College","Indiana University Groups Student Support Services ","American Studies Program","Concordia Seminary","Indiana University Department of Religious Studies","Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod","New York University School of Law","Association of Governing Boards of Universities and Colleges","Ball Corporation","Ball State University","School of Education Alumni Association","Baldwin-Wallace College","Detroit Institute of Technology","Sienna Heights College","Washburn University","AT\u0026T","Eli Lilly and Company","Indiana Bell","Twelfth Man Club","Association of Women Students","Bloomington Hospital","Mid-West Business Administration Association","Human Relations Committee","Illinois State Department of Education","VISTA","Bloomingfoods","Bowes Tailoring","Clerical Workers’ Union","Communications Workers of America","Department of Chemistry","Department of German","School of Music","Shimer College","Sunflower Bakery","University of Wisconsin Madison","Whole Earth Co-Op","Boy Scouts of America","National Guard","Alpha Tau Omega"," Indiana University Department of Management","University of Michiga","Wayne State","Grace Commission","Lambda Chi Alpha","Shortridge High School","Women's Air Force","Getz","Conrad","Krannert","Russell","Finkel","Huffman","Jacobs","Grossman","Tobias","McGreevey","Kraemer, Peter","Kinsey, Alfred C.","Newman, George","Voegelin, Carl F.","Freedman, Jean","Baker, John","Boyd, Roselle","Clapacs, Terry","Cross, Pat","Ehrlich, Ellen","Ehrlich, Thomas","Floyd, Ralph","Knight, Bob","Ryan, John W.","Biddle, Ward G.","Briscoe, Herman T. \"Kay\"","Day, Harry","Hope, Bob","McGlasen, Tom","Metz, Arthur R.","Muhler, Joseph","Pawner, Nelson","Showalter, Grace M.","Stahr, Elvis J.","Wells, Herman B","Appel, Willie","Einstein, Albert","Webb, Charles","Chamberlain, Phillip","Mobley, Tony","Remley, Mary","Stoner, Richard B.","Armstrong, William","Bell, Gregory","Campbell, Milt","Crimmins, Bernie","Dumas, Charles","Mays, Willie","Miller, Jean","Esarey, Logan","Hennel, Cora","Hinkam, John","Meredith, James","Read, Tom","Barker, Clare Wright","Sutton, Joseph Lee","Georges, Robert A.","Bryan, William Lowe","Hill, John","Lead, Roy","Hunt, Virgil","Miller, Herbert","Edlin, George","Gambill, Chris","Gros Louis, Kenneth R.R.","Gross, Robert","Jordan, Dean","Gray, Don","Gucker, Frank G.","Hudson, Herman","Ross, Jimmy","Deiss, Charles Frederick","Fisher, L.L.","Franklin, Joe","Buley, Roscoe Carlyle","Lynch, William Orlando","Akins, Claude","Church, Harold","Franzen, Carl","Rinnick, Red","Anderssohn, John","Briscoe, Herman","Cavanugh, Dean","Kohlmeier, Alfred","Ryan, John","Stahr, Elvis","Sutton, Joe","Wells, Herman","Wilkie, Wendell","","Brenneman, Bill","Parker, Keith","Sonneborn, Tracy","Weimar, Arthur M.","Work, Jim","Kennedy, John Fitzgerald","King, Martin Luther, Jr.","Danzig, Steve","Chaitin, Gil","Flannigan, Clifford","Frenz, Horst","Mitchell, Briand","Solt, Mary Ellen","Weisstein, Ulrich","Bryan, Charlotte Lowe","Collins, Ralph","Hershey, Amos S.","Kabisch, Ernest Bernard","Morrison, Sarah Parke","Visher, Stephen Sargent","Braden, Sam","Pinnell, George","McCaig, Dick","Harmon, Paul","Ritchey, James O.","Kinsey, Clara M.","Lyons, Robert","Mathers, Frank Curry","McCollum, E.V.","Payne, Fernandus","Shriner, Ralph","Cookson, Thomas A.","Cathcart, Jimmy","Edwards, Edward D.","Harper, Fowler V.","Nelson, Alice","Aller, Lawrence","Cogshall, Wilbur A.","Cuffey, Jim","Russell, Henry Norris","Shapley, Harlow","Townsend, Prescott","Wells, Agnes E.","Williams, Kenneth P.","Ball, George A.","Chayes, Abram","Hand, Learned","Bell, Joshua","Bernstein, Leonard","Cohen, Jere Michael","Eissler, David","Jung, Christian","Kemp, Gretchen ","Powell, Bill","Shoemaker, Raymond L.","Oberholtz, Madge","Remy, William H.","Stephenson, David Curtis","Brown, Sylvia","Orescanin, Dan","Confucius","Wright, Wendell W. \"Whack\"","Sheehan, Steven","Bemis, Samuel Flagg","Benns, Lee","Bryan, William Lowe ","Buley, Roscoe Carlyle ","Byrd, Cecil","Byrnes, Robert F. ","Castle, William R., Jr. ","Curtis, Lewis","Dulles, Foster Rhea ","Friedman, Larry","Grant, James ","Grossberg, Michael","Gucker, Frank Thomson ","Jameson, J. Franklin","Kaplan, Larry","Kohlmeier, Albert Ludwig","Kunz, Diane","Lowengrub, Mort","O’Neil, Bob","Stark, Lloyd","Truman, President Harry","Wells, Herman B.","Winther, Oscar Osburn","Bain, Wilfred C.","Carmichael, Hoagy","McMillin, Alvin N. \"Bo\"","Rich, Claude T.","Willis, Hugh","Baker, David","Elliot, Peggy","Hershey, Marjorie","Moody, Michael","Stein, Stephen","Wiggins, William","Wise, Larry","Heineman, Charles","Kessler, James B.","Lofton, Guy","Bain, Wilfred","Bennett, Robert Russell","Ellington, Duke","Horney, Karen","Carter, Gwendolyn","Carter, James Earl, Jr.","Fonda, Jane","Mayberry, Phil","Barber, Cesar","Calinescu, Matei","Gottesman, Ronald","Naremore, James","Rabkin, Gerald","Weisstein, Ulrcih","Work, James","Berkvam, Michael","Billant, Antoinette","Carr, Diana","Hope, Quentin","Michael, Keith","Pfohl, Russell","Will, Samuel","Carmony, Donald","Benns, Frank Lee","Daugherty, Rosemary","Lundin, C. Leonard","Perguson, Dee","Mee, John","Cady, Ed","Bayh, Evan","Helmke, Paul","Udall, Stewart Lee","Bair, Ed","Bonham, Russ","Davidson, Ernie","Hanson, Bob","Parmenter, Charlie","Schafer, Riley","Shull, Harrison","Weurkert, Ernest","Hefner, Ray","Welsh, Matthew E.","Clinton, Hillary Rodham","Clinton, William Jefferson","Marsh, Elisabeth","Klotman, Phyllis","Lowengrub, Morton","Maultsby, Portia","Point, John","Torchinsky, Alberto ","Weidman, Leah E.","Mendel, Bernardo","Patterson, Robert P.","Sandberg, Carl","Sembower, Charles J.","Senour, Frank","Whiteman, Paul","O'Neil, Robert","Friedman, Dan","Prosser, Frank","Shapiro, Stu","Wand, Mitchell","Winkle, David","Franklin, Benjamin","Heighway, George \"Dixie\"","Homestead, Raleigh","Driver, Harold Edson","Merriam, Alan","Purdue, John","Bittner, Walter","Cavanaugh, Robert Emmet","Norman, Hugh","Ferrell, Robert H.","Hale, Will Taliaferro","Chavez, Linda","Dyson, Michael Eric","Bachelor, Joe","Hayes, Billy","Hoover, J. Edgar","Riley, James Whitcomb","Robinson, Sid","Breedan, Bill","Cabot, Nick","Douglas, Paul H.","Minton, Sherman","Roosevelt, Franklin Delano","Truman, Harry S.","Bowen, Otis R.","Christenson, Carroll","Eschbach, Jess","Gavit, Bernard Campbell","Kellogg, Winthrop Niles","Wallace, Leon","Wildermuth, Ora L.","Ferentinos","Counsilman, James \"Doc\"","Simic, Curt","Bidney, David","Kendall, Bonnie","Voegelin, Florence","Michael, R. Keith","Heppner, Hubert","Michael, Marion","Norvelle, Lee","Porterfield, Robert","Johnson, Wendell","Cortis, Eugene","Halkovich, Steve","Swygert, Luther","Bush, George, Sr.","Clinton, Bill","Dunn, Mike","Eisenberg, Paul","Carter, Byrum","Greenley, Betty","Remak, Henry H.H.","Kerr, Clark","Laird, Byron","Porter, John","Annon, Charles","Beckmann, Max","Black, Wendell","Bowie, Theodore","Lowe, Marvin","Megrew, Alden","Pozzatti, Dorothy","Shahn, Ben","Smith, Henry","Wolle, Muriel","Bowen, Otis","Kessler, Jim","Shirley, Janet","Bryan, William","Cravens, John","Kinsey, Alfred","Pyle, Ernie","Mueller, Joseph","Ottison, Skyler","Rau, John","Wenworth, Jack","Howe, Irving","Hagstrom, Stanley","Martin, Wayne","Purdom, Paul","Springer, George","Whitney, Dedaimia","Winkel, David","Wise, David","Wrubel, Marshall","Young, Steve","Bunke, Harvey C.","Evans, Maurice Blakemoore","Gallaway, Jesse James","Hitler, Adolf","Ittner, Robert","Osthus, Carl","Stout, Selatie Edgar","Voss, Bert John","Zucker, Edward","Heighway, George \"Dixie\" ","Brand, Myles","Lombardi, John","Nixon, Richard Milhous","Robinson, Eileen","Sippers, Mary","Crooks, Ed","Hesberg, Ted","Pointer, Nelson","Yeagley, Jerry","Peterson, John","Richardson, Ray","Burton, Bob","Harvey, Bill","Sperber, Murray","Daugherty, Jack","Errenpreis, Irvin","Wallace, George C.","Yelling, Sam","Allen, Robert E. Barton","Millisen, Robert","Snoddy, George Samuel","Atkins, Tom","Bingham, Barry","Blase, David","Donovan, Mike","Edmundson, Frank","Hanson, Norwood Russell","Huston, Tom","Kemp, Gretchen","Link, Goethe","Oswald, Lee Harvey","Owen, Kent","Polk, Jim","Scriven, Michael","Shaffer, Robert","Tesich, Steve","Ferrell, Bob","Gooker, Frank","Ahlstrom, Sydney","Brown, Joseph","Edwards, Jonathan","May, Bill","Sampley, Paul","Stein, Frederick Carl","Stein, Irene Kroggel","Gilliat, Neal","Hewett, Charles Mason","Tobias, David","Kinzer, Bill","Willbern, York","Brown, Stan","Williams, Ed","Coppage, Jim","Foster, Bronja","Holschuh, Albrecht","Johnson, Steve","Leivant, Daniel","Robertson, Ed","Shiner, Jack","Hutchins, Robert","Kuntz, Ed","Ratliff, Willie","Shepard, Randall","Bartley, E. Ross","Gildea, Bob","Johnson, Lyndon Baines","Clüver, Claus","Haeberle, Bill","Bowman, Slyvia","Buhner, Jack","Cohen, Dan","Daghlian, Phil","Gros Louis, Ken","Harrell, Charlie","Higgins, Smith","Reiberg, Rufus","Materials are in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["ohrc072"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1991-1998"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Indiana University Oral History\n            Archive, 1991-1998"],"collection_title_tesim":["Indiana University Oral History\n            Archive, 1991-1998"],"collection_ssim":["Indiana University Oral History\n            Archive, 1991-1998"],"repository_ssm":["Indiana University, Center for Documentary Research and Practice"],"repository_ssim":["Indiana University, Center for Documentary Research and Practice"],"creator_ssm":["Indiana University Center for the Study of\n               History and Memory"],"creator_ssim":["Indiana University Center for the Study of\n               History and Memory"],"creator_corpname_ssim":["Indiana University Center for the Study of\n               History and Memory"],"creators_ssim":["Indiana University Center for the Study of\n               History and Memory"],"acqinfo_ssim":["Oral history interviews conducted by the Indiana University Center for the Study of\n               History and Memory from 1968 to the present, with particular focus on the history of\n               twentieth-century America and the Midwest."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"physdesc_tesim":[". ."],"extent_ssm":["194 interviews Audiotapes, transcripts, and collateral\n               materials"],"extent_tesim":["194 interviews Audiotapes, transcripts, and collateral\n               materials"],"date_range_isim":[1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains 194 interviews conducted over 7 years. All interviews consist\n            of audio tapes and typed transcripts, as well as collateral materials. \u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content Note"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains 194 interviews conducted over 7 years. All interviews consist\n            of audio tapes and typed transcripts, as well as collateral materials. "],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract label=\"Abstract\" encodinganalog=\"520\"\u003eThis project is a compilation of interviews\n            of subjects with strong ties to and memories of Indiana University, primarily at the\n            Bloomington campus, including former students, faculty, and staff, among others. The\n            information spans most of the twentieth century and deals with the administrations under\n            presidents Herman B Wells, John Ryan, Thomas Ehrlich, and Myles Brand. The project\n            occurred in two parts. The first round of interviews was with administrators, trustees,\n            and other high-ranking members of the university hierarchy. The second round of\n            interviews was with senior faculty from a number of departments in the College of Arts\n            and Sciences. The project is a survey of Indiana University's history as a whole\n            including information about various academic departments, athletics, student\n            organizations, campus growth, and the university's growth in the twentieth century. This\n            project was funded by President Emeritus John Ryan.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["This project is a compilation of interviews\n            of subjects with strong ties to and memories of Indiana University, primarily at the\n            Bloomington campus, including former students, faculty, and staff, among others. The\n            information spans most of the twentieth century and deals with the administrations under\n            presidents Herman B Wells, John Ryan, Thomas Ehrlich, and Myles Brand. The project\n            occurred in two parts. The first round of interviews was with administrators, trustees,\n            and other high-ranking members of the university hierarchy. The second round of\n            interviews was with senior faculty from a number of departments in the College of Arts\n            and Sciences. The project is a survey of Indiana University's history as a whole\n            including information about various academic departments, athletics, student\n            organizations, campus growth, and the university's growth in the twentieth century. This\n            project was funded by President Emeritus John Ryan."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc label=\"Physical Location\"\u003eInterviews are housed in Radio-TV Building, Room 314.\n            Copies of interview transcripts are also held by the IU Libraries University Archives.\n            Contact archives@indiana.edu for more information. For other locations housing the\n            interviews from this project, please contact the Center for Documentary Research and\n            Practice office.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Interviews are housed in Radio-TV Building, Room 314.\n            Copies of interview transcripts are also held by the IU Libraries University Archives.\n            Contact archives@indiana.edu for more information. For other locations housing the\n            interviews from this project, please contact the Center for Documentary Research and\n            Practice office."],"names_ssim":["Indiana University Center for Documentary Research and Practice","Indiana University Center for the Study of\n               History and Memory","Bloomington National Bank","Indiana University Inter-fraternity Council","Indiana University Office of Risk Management","Indiana University School of Law","United States Student Association","Arthur R. Metz Foundation","Indiana University Department of Chemistry","Little 500","Proctor and Gamble","Purdue University","student foundation","Houghton College","National Association of Schools of Music","New York University","North Texas State University","South Central College","Westminster Choir College","Yale University","","Army ROTC","Athletic Department","School of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation","Indiana University Foundation Board","board of trustees","Lilly Endowment","Phi Kappa Psi","Alumni Association","Indiana Department of Public Welfare","Indiana State Chamber of Commerce","Indiana Vocational Technical College","alumni club","Bloomington School of Law","Investment Committee","Standard Life Insurance Company","IUPUI","United States Air Force","Chicago-Kent Law School","FBI","IUPUI School of Law","IUPUI University Library","United States Department of Justice","Indiana University Alumni Association","Indiana University School of Medicine","Green Feathers","Indiana University School of Business","Red Cross","Indiana University Kokomo","Indiana University","Center for Studies of Law in Action","Indiana State Police","Indiana State Police Academy","Indiana University Department of Criminal Justice","Indiana University Department of Police Administration","Northwestern University","Indiana Conference of Higher Education","Indiana University Credit Union","Indiana University Division of Undergraduate Development","Stillman College","Neal Marshall Cultural Center","Omega Psi Chi","American Legion","Indiana University Business Office","Treasurer's Office","Indiana University Lilly Library","United States Navy","Hoosiers for Higher Education","University Apartments","Fair Play for Cuba Committee","Indiana University Foundation","International Business Forum","University of Indianapolis","faculty council","Indiana University Department of Comparative Literature","Indiana University South Bend","Indiana University Collins Living-Learning Center"," Indiana University Department of English","Kinsey Institute for Research in Sex, Gender, and\n                     Reproduction","Indiana University Southeast","Indiana University School of Medicine ","Sigma Chi","American Chemical Society ","Central High School ","Cornell University","Indiana Daily Student","Indiana University School of Dentistry","Johns Hopkins University","National Science Foundation","Indiana University Athletic Committee","Indiana University Men's Club","National Collegiate Athletic Association","Architectural Committee","Union Board","Board of Aeons","Inland Container Corporation","Krannert Charitable Trust","Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy,\n                     Incorporated","Goethe Link Observatory","Harvard Observatory","Indiana University Department of Astronomy","Indiana University Kirkwood Observatory","Lawrence Fellowship","Lowell Observatory","Seymour High School","Brookings Institute","Harvard University","Legal Services Corporation","Stanford University","Board of Trustees","Indiana University Northwest","Indiana University Department of Philosophy","Indiana University School of Music","American Life Convention","Harvard Law School","John Hancock Company","Ku Klux Klan","American Council on Education","Transylvania University","Army Air Corps","Concordia University-St. Paul","ERIC","Reader's Digest","School of Public and Environmental Affairs","University of Minnesota","Bowling Green University","Indiana State Music Association","Notre Dame","Yale","Indiana University student union board","Phi Gamma Delta"," Indiana University Student Association","Center on Philanthropy","Middle Way House","MTV","Women's Wheels","American Broadcasting Company","Hofstra University","Juilliard Conservatory","New School for Social Research","Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra","Sigma Alpha Epsilon","London University","Sheffield University","University of Maryland","University of California at Santa Barbara","Indiana University Kokomo School of Business","University of Michigan","Carnegie Mellon University","Ohio State University ","Phi Betta Kappa","University of Pittsburgh","Western College for Women","Indiana State University","Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne","General Electric Company","Lazarus Department Store","Studebaker Corporation","Beta Gamma Sigma","dean's advisory committee","Phi Beta Kappa","Hoosier 100","Black Student Union","Common Cause","Indiana University Student Association","Alpha Chi Omega","Woodburn Guild","General Motors Corporation","Neal Marshall Black Culture Center","New York Jets","Earlham College","Indiana University East","Iowa State University","Lockheed Corporation","MIT","IUPUI School of Law ","Columbia University School of Law","Air Force ROTC","Ivy Tech State College","Yale Law School","Enhancing Minority Attainment Conference","Lehman College","National Endowment for the Humanities","Indiana University Medical Center","Armstrong Cork Company","Indiana University School of Business ","Thatcher Glass Company","United Way of America","Columbia University","Kabul University","Neal Marshall Cultural Center ","Beta Theta Pi","Detroit Lions","I-Men's Association","Johnson Creamery","Indiana University Bloomington","Indiana University Hospital","Riley Hospital","Beekman and Bogue","Cotton and Franklin ","Interborough Rapid Transit Company ","Indiana University Department of Computer Science","Mini University","Purdue University ","Ford Motor Company","University of Evansville","College of William and Mary","Vassar College","Indiana University Fort Wayne","Purdue Universit","Indiana University Audio Visual Department","Indiana University Department of the Extension Division","Gay Straight Alliance","Indiana University Faculty Council","Sigma Nu","Indiana University Association of Women Students","Jordan River Review","Black Film Center/Archive","Case Western Reserve University","NAACP","Department of Radio and Television","Department of Telecommunications","WTIU","Indiana General Assembly","Indiana University Black Student Union","Indiana University Department of Geology","UCLA","Michigan State University","Fellowship of Christian Athletes","Progressive Reform Party","Students for a Democratic Society","Supreme Court","United States Army","Officers Candidate School","Department of History","Kappa Alpha Psi","Indiana University Human Genome Diversity Project","California Institute of Technology","Indiana University Department of Speech","Indiana University Department of Theater","St. Cloud University","University of Pennsylvania","Barter Theater","Booth Theater","Brown County Playhouse","Department of Theatre","Indiana University of Pennsylvania","Maurer School of Law","Indiana Univeristy Foundation","ROTC","Upjohn Company","Creighton College","Psi Iota Xi","Simpson College","University of Iowa","Sphinx Club","Indiana University Student Athletic Board","Indiana University Law School","Varsity Club","Center for Strategic and International Studies","Republican Party","Bloomington Community Foundation"," board of trustees","Bristol-Myers","Mead Johnson and Company","National Association of College and University Business\n                     Officers","Wayne State University","Little United Nations Assembly","City University of New York","Foster Quad Black Student Association","Echo Press","Guggenheim Foundation","National Endowment for the Arts","University of Colorado, Boulder","University of Nebraska","McKinney School of Law","West Georgia College","Peace Corps","Bloomington World","Marching Hundred","Dow Chemical Company","Kinsey Institute","University of Buffalo","University of Chicago","Computing Center","Department of Computer Science","Hewlett-Packard","Texas Instruments","University Computing Services","Xerox Corporation","Indiana Commission on Higher Education","University of Detroit","Indiana University Department of German","Indiana University Institute for Advanced Study","Sigma Alpha Nu","Blue Key","Claude Rich Scholarship","Monroe County Youth Shelter","Acacia","Lindley Hall","University of Ghana","athletic committee","Bob Knight Endowment","Friends of Music","Indiana University School of Journalism","City Securities Corporation","Indiana University Student Foundation","Merrill Lynch and Company, Incorporated","School of Business","University of California, Berkeley","Army Airways Communication System","Indiana University Department of Speech Communication","Barnes and Thornburg","Barnes, Hickam, Pantzer and Boyd","Big House Coalition","Independent Party","Indiana University All-Campus Party","Indiana University Board of Aeons","Organized Party","Oxford University","Westmont College","Indiana University Groups Student Support Services ","American Studies Program","Concordia Seminary","Indiana University Department of Religious Studies","Lutheran Church-Missouri Synod","New York University School of Law","Association of Governing Boards of Universities and Colleges","Ball Corporation","Ball State University","School of Education Alumni Association","Baldwin-Wallace College","Detroit Institute of Technology","Sienna Heights College","Washburn University","AT\u0026T","Eli Lilly and Company","Indiana Bell","Twelfth Man Club","Association of Women Students","Bloomington Hospital","Mid-West Business Administration Association","Human Relations Committee","Illinois State Department of Education","VISTA","Bloomingfoods","Bowes Tailoring","Clerical Workers’ Union","Communications Workers of America","Department of Chemistry","Department of German","School of Music","Shimer College","Sunflower Bakery","University of Wisconsin Madison","Whole Earth Co-Op","Boy Scouts of America","National Guard","Alpha Tau Omega"," Indiana University Department of Management","University of Michiga","Wayne State","Grace Commission","Lambda Chi Alpha","Shortridge High School","Women's Air Force","Getz","Conrad","Krannert","Russell","Finkel","Huffman","Jacobs","Grossman","Tobias","McGreevey","Kraemer, Peter","Kinsey, Alfred C.","Newman, George","Voegelin, Carl F.","Freedman, Jean","Baker, John","Boyd, Roselle","Clapacs, Terry","Cross, Pat","Ehrlich, Ellen","Ehrlich, Thomas","Floyd, Ralph","Knight, Bob","Ryan, John W.","Biddle, Ward G.","Briscoe, Herman T. \"Kay\"","Day, Harry","Hope, Bob","McGlasen, Tom","Metz, Arthur R.","Muhler, Joseph","Pawner, Nelson","Showalter, Grace M.","Stahr, Elvis J.","Wells, Herman B","Appel, Willie","Einstein, Albert","Webb, Charles","Chamberlain, Phillip","Mobley, Tony","Remley, Mary","Stoner, Richard B.","Armstrong, William","Bell, Gregory","Campbell, Milt","Crimmins, Bernie","Dumas, Charles","Mays, Willie","Miller, Jean","Esarey, Logan","Hennel, Cora","Hinkam, John","Meredith, James","Read, Tom","Barker, Clare Wright","Sutton, Joseph Lee","Georges, Robert A.","Bryan, William Lowe","Hill, John","Lead, Roy","Hunt, Virgil","Miller, 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Robert","Mathers, Frank Curry","McCollum, E.V.","Payne, Fernandus","Shriner, Ralph","Cookson, Thomas A.","Cathcart, Jimmy","Edwards, Edward D.","Harper, Fowler V.","Nelson, Alice","Aller, Lawrence","Cogshall, Wilbur A.","Cuffey, Jim","Russell, Henry Norris","Shapley, Harlow","Townsend, Prescott","Wells, Agnes E.","Williams, Kenneth P.","Ball, George A.","Chayes, Abram","Hand, Learned","Bell, Joshua","Bernstein, Leonard","Cohen, Jere Michael","Eissler, David","Jung, Christian","Kemp, Gretchen ","Powell, Bill","Shoemaker, Raymond L.","Oberholtz, Madge","Remy, William H.","Stephenson, David Curtis","Brown, Sylvia","Orescanin, Dan","Confucius","Wright, Wendell W. \"Whack\"","Sheehan, Steven","Bemis, Samuel Flagg","Benns, Lee","Bryan, William Lowe ","Buley, Roscoe Carlyle ","Byrd, Cecil","Byrnes, Robert F. ","Castle, William R., Jr. ","Curtis, Lewis","Dulles, Foster Rhea ","Friedman, Larry","Grant, James ","Grossberg, Michael","Gucker, Frank Thomson ","Jameson, J. Franklin","Kaplan, Larry","Kohlmeier, Albert Ludwig","Kunz, Diane","Lowengrub, Mort","O’Neil, Bob","Stark, Lloyd","Truman, President Harry","Wells, Herman B.","Winther, Oscar Osburn","Bain, Wilfred C.","Carmichael, Hoagy","McMillin, Alvin N. \"Bo\"","Rich, Claude T.","Willis, Hugh","Baker, David","Elliot, Peggy","Hershey, Marjorie","Moody, Michael","Stein, Stephen","Wiggins, William","Wise, Larry","Heineman, Charles","Kessler, James B.","Lofton, Guy","Bain, Wilfred","Bennett, Robert Russell","Ellington, Duke","Horney, Karen","Carter, Gwendolyn","Carter, James Earl, Jr.","Fonda, Jane","Mayberry, Phil","Barber, Cesar","Calinescu, Matei","Gottesman, Ronald","Naremore, James","Rabkin, Gerald","Weisstein, Ulrcih","Work, James","Berkvam, Michael","Billant, Antoinette","Carr, Diana","Hope, Quentin","Michael, Keith","Pfohl, Russell","Will, Samuel","Carmony, Donald","Benns, Frank Lee","Daugherty, Rosemary","Lundin, C. 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Sirhan Defense","box 1"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-0234","aspace_6ecf7d59a1116af0e6f62f241e4914fa","aspace_03b0dba5c766a8934a56a164d62784ee"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_03b0dba5c766a8934a56a164d62784ee","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-0234","umich-bhl-0234_aspace_6ecf7d59a1116af0e6f62f241e4914fa","umich-bhl-0234_aspace_03b0dba5c766a8934a56a164d62784ee"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993","Litigation/Court Cases","Sirhan B. Sirhan Defense"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993","Litigation/Court Cases","Sirhan B. Sirhan Defense"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":20,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to research except for indicated restricted files which require the written permission of the donor for access. These files open with the passing of Mr. Jabara."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Abdeen M. Jabara reserves copyright during his lifetime. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"date_range_isim":[1975],"containers_ssim":["box 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0/components#17","_nest_parent_":"umich-bhl-0234_aspace_03b0dba5c766a8934a56a164d62784ee","_root_":"umich-bhl-0234","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:16.849Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-0234","title_ssm":["Abdeen Jabara papers"],"title_tesim":["Abdeen Jabara papers"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-0234","unitdate_ssm":["1956-1994","1968-1993"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1968-1993"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1956-1994"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0234 Aa 2"],"text":["0234 Aa 2","Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993","Israel -- Relations -- Lebanon.","Lebanon -- Relations -- Israel.","Arab Americans -- Civil rights.","Arab Americans -- Michigan.","Human rights -- Israel.","Human rights -- Palestine.","Lawyers -- Michigan.","Photographs.","The collection is open to research except for indicated restricted files which require the written permission of the donor for access. These files open with the passing of Mr. Jabara.","No further additions to the papers are expected.","Abdeen M. Jabara was born in Mancelona, Michigan in 1940 to Lebanese parents who had immigrated to the United States in the early 20th century, eventually settling in northern Michigan. Jabara took an interest in Middle Eastern affairs throughout his youth and upon graduation from high school in 1958 decided to attend the University of Michigan, largely because the school offered courses in Arabic and had a prominent Arab student population. During his early undergraduate years Jabara determined that in order to learn the Arabic language properly he would have to immerse himself in that culture and so he spent five months living in Cairo, Egypt. He then journeyed by freighter to Lebanon to visit his father's village, where he met his uncle for the first time."," Upon returning from this trip, Jabara's focus centered more on the completion of his undergraduate education at Michigan than on Middle East issues. However, during his years of law school at Wayne State University in Detroit he gradually became more involved with civil rights issues and founded a local chapter of the Civil Rights Research Council. He graduated from law school in 1965 and returned to Lebanon to further develop his Arabic language skills through additional schooling."," Jabara returned to Detroit in 1966 to open his law practice. In 1967, the Arab-Israeli war and the anti-Arab sentiment it created prompted Jabara to become heavily involved with Arab-American issues. Academics of Arab heritage met at the University of Michigan to discuss the political situation and formed the Association of Arab-American University Graduates (AAUG) in 1968. The mission of the AAUG was to promote educational and cultural activities and information about the Arab world and the Arab-American community. Jabara served as the first executive secretary and was later elected president of the group in 1972."," In 1970, Jabara joined the law firm of Lafferty, Reosti, Jabara, Papakhian, Stickgold, James and Smith in Detroit. For the next decade and a half he would fight for the rights of Arabs living or traveling in the United States as well as political activists in general. He did so by challenging the practice of collecting information and maintaining surveillance of Arabs and Arab Americans by such institutions as the Detroit and Michigan State Police, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Secretary of State. Jabara's own case against the FBI, for which he enlisted the help of the ACLU, finally ended in victory in 1984 with the FBI agreeing to destroy his file and acknowledging that collecting the information found within the file violated his constitutional rights."," Throughout his legal career Jabara would take on nationally prominent cases of Arabs and Arab-Americans. Such cases included Sirhan B. Sirhan, convicted in the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy in 1968, and Ziad Abu Eain, wanted for extradition to Israel for a 1979 Palestine Liberation Organization bombing."," Jabara was also involved in the National Lawyer's Guild, an organization founded as an alternative to the more conservative American Bar Association. In 1977 he traveled to Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and the Occupied Territories as part of the NLG's Middle East delegation to report on the condition and treatment of Palestinians living in the Occupied Territories. Jabara became president of the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee in 1986. The ADC, founded by former Senator James Abourezk in 1980, devoted itself to the protection of the rights of people of Arab descent and promoting their cultural heritage. Jabara now (2002) works for the ADC Research Institute in Washington D.C. He recently worked as part of the defense team for Omar Ahmad Ali Abdel Rahman, accused of plotting to blow up New York City landmarks and the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center. Jabara resides in New York City.","The collection has been divided into two series: Litigation/Court Cases and Political and Cultural Activities. The many files of correspondence and press clippings document the types of legal and political battles and causes that Jabara has tackled throughout his career. A limited amount of material in the collection is in Arabic, mostly correspondence and press clippings, and is noted as such in the contents list.","Abdeen M. Jabara reserves copyright during his lifetime. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","New York attorney originally based in Detroit. Jabara was concerned with issues of civil rights of Arab Americans and the rights of Arabs living or traveling in the United States. He challenged practice of law enforcement agencies to collect information and maintain surveillance of Arabs and Arab Americans. Jabara was involved in the murder trial of Sirhan Sirhan and the extradition case of Ziad Abu Eain. Litigation and case files; subject files regarding his Arab American activism, organizational involvements, and participation in the Middle East delegation of the National Lawyers Guild.","Bentley Historical Library","American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee.","B'nai B'rith. Anti-defamation League.","National Lawyers Guild.","Jabara, Abdeen.","Abu Ayn, Ziyad.","Jabara, Abdeen, 1940-","Sirhan, Sirhan Bishara, 1944- -- Trials, litigation, etc.","English","The material is in  English  and  Arabic ."],"unitid_tesim":["0234 Aa 2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993"],"collection_title_tesim":["Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993"],"collection_ssim":["Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Israel -- Relations -- Lebanon.","Lebanon -- Relations -- Israel."],"geogname_ssim":["Israel -- Relations -- Lebanon.","Lebanon -- Relations -- Israel."],"creator_ssm":["Jabara, Abdeen."],"creator_ssim":["Jabara, Abdeen."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Jabara, Abdeen."],"creators_ssim":["Jabara, Abdeen."],"places_ssim":["Israel -- Relations -- Lebanon.","Lebanon -- Relations -- Israel."],"access_terms_ssm":["Abdeen M. Jabara reserves copyright during his lifetime. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated by Abdeen M. Jabara (Donor No.  9120 ) and came to the library in August, 2001. Additions were received in 2007 and in 2012."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Arab Americans -- Civil rights.","Arab Americans -- Michigan.","Human rights -- Israel.","Human rights -- Palestine.","Lawyers -- Michigan.","Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Arab Americans -- Civil rights.","Arab Americans -- Michigan.","Human rights -- Israel.","Human rights -- Palestine.","Lawyers -- Michigan.","Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["14.4 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["14.4 linear feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs."],"date_range_isim":[1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research except for indicated restricted files which require the written permission of the donor for access. These files open with the passing of Mr. Jabara.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research except for indicated restricted files which require the written permission of the donor for access. These files open with the passing of Mr. Jabara."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo further additions to the papers are expected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["No further additions to the papers are expected."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAbdeen M. Jabara was born in Mancelona, Michigan in 1940 to Lebanese parents who had immigrated to the United States in the early 20th century, eventually settling in northern Michigan. Jabara took an interest in Middle Eastern affairs throughout his youth and upon graduation from high school in 1958 decided to attend the University of Michigan, largely because the school offered courses in Arabic and had a prominent Arab student population. During his early undergraduate years Jabara determined that in order to learn the Arabic language properly he would have to immerse himself in that culture and so he spent five months living in Cairo, Egypt. He then journeyed by freighter to Lebanon to visit his father's village, where he met his uncle for the first time.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Upon returning from this trip, Jabara's focus centered more on the completion of his undergraduate education at Michigan than on Middle East issues. However, during his years of law school at Wayne State University in Detroit he gradually became more involved with civil rights issues and founded a local chapter of the Civil Rights Research Council. He graduated from law school in 1965 and returned to Lebanon to further develop his Arabic language skills through additional schooling.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Jabara returned to Detroit in 1966 to open his law practice. In 1967, the Arab-Israeli war and the anti-Arab sentiment it created prompted Jabara to become heavily involved with Arab-American issues. Academics of Arab heritage met at the University of Michigan to discuss the political situation and formed the Association of Arab-American University Graduates (AAUG) in 1968. The mission of the AAUG was to promote educational and cultural activities and information about the Arab world and the Arab-American community. Jabara served as the first executive secretary and was later elected president of the group in 1972.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1970, Jabara joined the law firm of Lafferty, Reosti, Jabara, Papakhian, Stickgold, James and Smith in Detroit. For the next decade and a half he would fight for the rights of Arabs living or traveling in the United States as well as political activists in general. He did so by challenging the practice of collecting information and maintaining surveillance of Arabs and Arab Americans by such institutions as the Detroit and Michigan State Police, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Secretary of State. Jabara's own case against the FBI, for which he enlisted the help of the ACLU, finally ended in victory in 1984 with the FBI agreeing to destroy his file and acknowledging that collecting the information found within the file violated his constitutional rights.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Throughout his legal career Jabara would take on nationally prominent cases of Arabs and Arab-Americans. Such cases included Sirhan B. Sirhan, convicted in the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy in 1968, and Ziad Abu Eain, wanted for extradition to Israel for a 1979 Palestine Liberation Organization bombing.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Jabara was also involved in the National Lawyer's Guild, an organization founded as an alternative to the more conservative American Bar Association. In 1977 he traveled to Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and the Occupied Territories as part of the NLG's Middle East delegation to report on the condition and treatment of Palestinians living in the Occupied Territories. Jabara became president of the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee in 1986. The ADC, founded by former Senator James Abourezk in 1980, devoted itself to the protection of the rights of people of Arab descent and promoting their cultural heritage. Jabara now (2002) works for the ADC Research Institute in Washington D.C. He recently worked as part of the defense team for Omar Ahmad Ali Abdel Rahman, accused of plotting to blow up New York City landmarks and the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center. Jabara resides in New York City.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Abdeen M. Jabara was born in Mancelona, Michigan in 1940 to Lebanese parents who had immigrated to the United States in the early 20th century, eventually settling in northern Michigan. Jabara took an interest in Middle Eastern affairs throughout his youth and upon graduation from high school in 1958 decided to attend the University of Michigan, largely because the school offered courses in Arabic and had a prominent Arab student population. During his early undergraduate years Jabara determined that in order to learn the Arabic language properly he would have to immerse himself in that culture and so he spent five months living in Cairo, Egypt. He then journeyed by freighter to Lebanon to visit his father's village, where he met his uncle for the first time."," Upon returning from this trip, Jabara's focus centered more on the completion of his undergraduate education at Michigan than on Middle East issues. However, during his years of law school at Wayne State University in Detroit he gradually became more involved with civil rights issues and founded a local chapter of the Civil Rights Research Council. He graduated from law school in 1965 and returned to Lebanon to further develop his Arabic language skills through additional schooling."," Jabara returned to Detroit in 1966 to open his law practice. In 1967, the Arab-Israeli war and the anti-Arab sentiment it created prompted Jabara to become heavily involved with Arab-American issues. Academics of Arab heritage met at the University of Michigan to discuss the political situation and formed the Association of Arab-American University Graduates (AAUG) in 1968. The mission of the AAUG was to promote educational and cultural activities and information about the Arab world and the Arab-American community. Jabara served as the first executive secretary and was later elected president of the group in 1972."," In 1970, Jabara joined the law firm of Lafferty, Reosti, Jabara, Papakhian, Stickgold, James and Smith in Detroit. For the next decade and a half he would fight for the rights of Arabs living or traveling in the United States as well as political activists in general. He did so by challenging the practice of collecting information and maintaining surveillance of Arabs and Arab Americans by such institutions as the Detroit and Michigan State Police, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Secretary of State. Jabara's own case against the FBI, for which he enlisted the help of the ACLU, finally ended in victory in 1984 with the FBI agreeing to destroy his file and acknowledging that collecting the information found within the file violated his constitutional rights."," Throughout his legal career Jabara would take on nationally prominent cases of Arabs and Arab-Americans. Such cases included Sirhan B. Sirhan, convicted in the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy in 1968, and Ziad Abu Eain, wanted for extradition to Israel for a 1979 Palestine Liberation Organization bombing."," Jabara was also involved in the National Lawyer's Guild, an organization founded as an alternative to the more conservative American Bar Association. In 1977 he traveled to Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and the Occupied Territories as part of the NLG's Middle East delegation to report on the condition and treatment of Palestinians living in the Occupied Territories. Jabara became president of the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee in 1986. The ADC, founded by former Senator James Abourezk in 1980, devoted itself to the protection of the rights of people of Arab descent and promoting their cultural heritage. Jabara now (2002) works for the ADC Research Institute in Washington D.C. He recently worked as part of the defense team for Omar Ahmad Ali Abdel Rahman, accused of plotting to blow up New York City landmarks and the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center. Jabara resides in New York City."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item], folder, box, Abdeen Jabara papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item], folder, box, Abdeen Jabara papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been divided into two series: Litigation/Court Cases and Political and Cultural Activities. The many files of correspondence and press clippings document the types of legal and political battles and causes that Jabara has tackled throughout his career. A limited amount of material in the collection is in Arabic, mostly correspondence and press clippings, and is noted as such in the contents list.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection has been divided into two series: Litigation/Court Cases and Political and Cultural Activities. The many files of correspondence and press clippings document the types of legal and political battles and causes that Jabara has tackled throughout his career. A limited amount of material in the collection is in Arabic, mostly correspondence and press clippings, and is noted as such in the contents list."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAbdeen M. Jabara reserves copyright during his lifetime. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Abdeen M. Jabara reserves copyright during his lifetime. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c5e379c29afd7cfcdefb5c46ebbbf0dc\"\u003eNew York attorney originally based in Detroit. Jabara was concerned with issues of civil rights of Arab Americans and the rights of Arabs living or traveling in the United States. He challenged practice of law enforcement agencies to collect information and maintain surveillance of Arabs and Arab Americans. Jabara was involved in the murder trial of Sirhan Sirhan and the extradition case of Ziad Abu Eain. Litigation and case files; subject files regarding his Arab American activism, organizational involvements, and participation in the Middle East delegation of the National Lawyers Guild.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["New York attorney originally based in Detroit. Jabara was concerned with issues of civil rights of Arab Americans and the rights of Arabs living or traveling in the United States. He challenged practice of law enforcement agencies to collect information and maintain surveillance of Arabs and Arab Americans. Jabara was involved in the murder trial of Sirhan Sirhan and the extradition case of Ziad Abu Eain. Litigation and case files; subject files regarding his Arab American activism, organizational involvements, and participation in the Middle East delegation of the National Lawyers Guild."],"names_coll_ssim":["American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee.","B'nai B'rith. Anti-defamation League.","National Lawyers Guild.","Abu Ayn, Ziyad.","Jabara, Abdeen, 1940-","Sirhan, Sirhan Bishara, 1944- -- Trials, litigation, etc."],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee.","B'nai B'rith. Anti-defamation League.","National Lawyers Guild.","Jabara, Abdeen.","Abu Ayn, Ziyad.","Jabara, Abdeen, 1940-","Sirhan, Sirhan Bishara, 1944- -- Trials, litigation, etc."],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee.","B'nai B'rith. Anti-defamation League.","National Lawyers Guild."],"persname_ssim":["Jabara, Abdeen.","Abu Ayn, Ziyad.","Jabara, Abdeen, 1940-","Sirhan, Sirhan Bishara, 1944- -- Trials, litigation, etc."],"language_ssim":["English","The material is in  English  and  Arabic ."],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":253,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-0234","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:16.849Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-0234_aspace_8ed602cbc358473472d9cbd9e99b895a"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-014_aspace_e7ce477ef560db0a585fd47d50df5810","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Public Act 118","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-014_aspace_e7ce477ef560db0a585fd47d50df5810#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_e7ce477ef560db0a585fd47d50df5810","ref_ssm":["aspace_e7ce477ef560db0a585fd47d50df5810","aspace_e7ce477ef560db0a585fd47d50df5810"],"id":"umich-bhl-014_aspace_e7ce477ef560db0a585fd47d50df5810","title_filing_ssi":"Public Act 118","title_ssm":["Public Act 118"],"title_tesim":["Public Act 118"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Public Act 118"],"text":["Public Act 118","TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","TEACH Michigan/Teach Michigan Education Fund","Topical File","Legislation","box 3"],"component_level_isim":[4],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-014","aspace_cf956795d3593ee5250e5bb0d146af8e","aspace_5910f5f526e85f8db58d0510f4c6b5ec","aspace_ca504081d05f06ec4b872600b5272bf1"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_ca504081d05f06ec4b872600b5272bf1","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-014","umich-bhl-014_aspace_cf956795d3593ee5250e5bb0d146af8e","umich-bhl-014_aspace_5910f5f526e85f8db58d0510f4c6b5ec","umich-bhl-014_aspace_ca504081d05f06ec4b872600b5272bf1"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","TEACH Michigan/Teach Michigan Education Fund","Topical File","Legislation"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","TEACH Michigan/Teach Michigan Education Fund","Topical File","Legislation"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Subgroup","Series","File"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":63,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Research use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"containers_ssim":["box 3"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#2/components#19/components#0","_nest_parent_":"umich-bhl-014_aspace_ca504081d05f06ec4b872600b5272bf1","_root_":"umich-bhl-014","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:12.778Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-014","title_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records"],"title_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-014","unitdate_ssm":["1989-1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1989-1996"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["014 Bj 2"],"text":["014 Bj 2","TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes.","Research use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese.","In 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.","This record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization.","Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","Offsite storage; prior notification required for access","Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N.","English","The materials are in  English."],"unitid_tesim":["014 Bj 2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1989-1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"collection_title_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"collection_ssim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"creator_ssm":["TEACH Michigan."],"creator_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"creators_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"access_terms_ssm":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The record group came to the library from Partnership for Learning (formerly TEACH Michigan) in December 2000. Donor no.  9038"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["13 linear feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"date_range_isim":[1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearch use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Research use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eitem, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["item, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDonor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_85c28ec7f064d103fc6a1b17b4c73c99\"\u003eOrganization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4f9a3a50370f108b16342d0e56be5abb\"\u003eOffsite storage; prior notification required for access\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Offsite storage; prior notification required for access"],"names_coll_ssim":["Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N.","DeWeese, Paul N.","DeWeese, Paul N."],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N."],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund."],"persname_ssim":["DeWeese, Paul N."],"language_ssim":["English","The materials are in  English."],"total_component_count_is":279,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-014","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:12.778Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-014_aspace_e7ce477ef560db0a585fd47d50df5810"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-014_aspace_7ef826c68dccd914cd27d818a9d1f4b0","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Public Act 362 (Senate Bill 896)","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-014_aspace_7ef826c68dccd914cd27d818a9d1f4b0#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_7ef826c68dccd914cd27d818a9d1f4b0","ref_ssm":["aspace_7ef826c68dccd914cd27d818a9d1f4b0","aspace_7ef826c68dccd914cd27d818a9d1f4b0"],"id":"umich-bhl-014_aspace_7ef826c68dccd914cd27d818a9d1f4b0","title_filing_ssi":"Public Act 362 (Senate Bill 896)","title_ssm":["Public Act 362 (Senate Bill 896)"],"title_tesim":["Public Act 362 (Senate Bill 896)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Public Act 362 (Senate Bill 896)"],"text":["Public Act 362 (Senate Bill 896)","TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","TEACH Michigan/Teach Michigan Education Fund","Topical File","Legislation","box 3"],"component_level_isim":[4],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-014","aspace_cf956795d3593ee5250e5bb0d146af8e","aspace_5910f5f526e85f8db58d0510f4c6b5ec","aspace_ca504081d05f06ec4b872600b5272bf1"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_ca504081d05f06ec4b872600b5272bf1","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-014","umich-bhl-014_aspace_cf956795d3593ee5250e5bb0d146af8e","umich-bhl-014_aspace_5910f5f526e85f8db58d0510f4c6b5ec","umich-bhl-014_aspace_ca504081d05f06ec4b872600b5272bf1"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","TEACH Michigan/Teach Michigan Education Fund","Topical File","Legislation"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","TEACH Michigan/Teach Michigan Education Fund","Topical File","Legislation"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Subgroup","Series","File"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. 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DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.","This record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization.","Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","Offsite storage; prior notification required for access","Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N.","English","The materials are in  English."],"unitid_tesim":["014 Bj 2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1989-1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"collection_title_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"collection_ssim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"creator_ssm":["TEACH Michigan."],"creator_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"creators_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"access_terms_ssm":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The record group came to the library from Partnership for Learning (formerly TEACH Michigan) in December 2000. Donor no.  9038"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["13 linear feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"date_range_isim":[1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearch use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Research use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eitem, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["item, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDonor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_85c28ec7f064d103fc6a1b17b4c73c99\"\u003eOrganization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4f9a3a50370f108b16342d0e56be5abb\"\u003eOffsite storage; prior notification required for access\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Offsite storage; prior notification required for access"],"names_coll_ssim":["Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N.","DeWeese, Paul N.","DeWeese, Paul N."],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N."],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund."],"persname_ssim":["DeWeese, Paul N."],"language_ssim":["English","The materials are in  English."],"total_component_count_is":279,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-014","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:12.778Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-014_aspace_7ef826c68dccd914cd27d818a9d1f4b0"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-014_aspace_2cd303523f621b4ffa6d1b51c5192ffb","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Publications List","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-014_aspace_2cd303523f621b4ffa6d1b51c5192ffb#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_2cd303523f621b4ffa6d1b51c5192ffb","ref_ssm":["aspace_2cd303523f621b4ffa6d1b51c5192ffb","aspace_2cd303523f621b4ffa6d1b51c5192ffb"],"id":"umich-bhl-014_aspace_2cd303523f621b4ffa6d1b51c5192ffb","title_filing_ssi":"Publications List","title_ssm":["Publications List"],"title_tesim":["Publications List"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Publications List"],"text":["Publications List","TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","Michigan Center for Charter Schools","Statements, guidelines, etc","box 13"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-014","aspace_5954350cdf9272a6329ba20a2520d6c7","aspace_ba59d477f0d9cfe6409c7e117a989958"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_ba59d477f0d9cfe6409c7e117a989958","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-014","umich-bhl-014_aspace_5954350cdf9272a6329ba20a2520d6c7","umich-bhl-014_aspace_ba59d477f0d9cfe6409c7e117a989958"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","Michigan Center for Charter Schools","Statements, guidelines, etc"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","Michigan Center for Charter Schools","Statements, guidelines, etc"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Subgroup","Series"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. 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Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"containers_ssim":["box 13"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#7/components#33","_nest_parent_":"umich-bhl-014_aspace_ba59d477f0d9cfe6409c7e117a989958","_root_":"umich-bhl-014","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:12.778Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-014","title_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records"],"title_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-014","unitdate_ssm":["1989-1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1989-1996"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["014 Bj 2"],"text":["014 Bj 2","TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes.","Research use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese.","In 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.","This record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization.","Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","Offsite storage; prior notification required for access","Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N.","English","The materials are in  English."],"unitid_tesim":["014 Bj 2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1989-1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"collection_title_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"collection_ssim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"creator_ssm":["TEACH Michigan."],"creator_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"creators_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"access_terms_ssm":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The record group came to the library from Partnership for Learning (formerly TEACH Michigan) in December 2000. Donor no.  9038"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["13 linear feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"date_range_isim":[1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearch use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Research use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eitem, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["item, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDonor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_85c28ec7f064d103fc6a1b17b4c73c99\"\u003eOrganization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4f9a3a50370f108b16342d0e56be5abb\"\u003eOffsite storage; prior notification required for access\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Offsite storage; prior notification required for access"],"names_coll_ssim":["Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N.","DeWeese, Paul N.","DeWeese, Paul N."],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N."],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund."],"persname_ssim":["DeWeese, Paul N."],"language_ssim":["English","The materials are in  English."],"total_component_count_is":279,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-014","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:12.778Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-014_aspace_2cd303523f621b4ffa6d1b51c5192ffb"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"David V. 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