{"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?facet.page=6\u0026page=344\u0026view=compact","prev":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?facet.page=6\u0026page=343\u0026view=compact","next":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?facet.page=6\u0026page=345\u0026view=compact","last":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?facet.page=6\u0026page=539\u0026view=compact"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":344,"next_page":345,"prev_page":343,"total_pages":539,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":3430,"total_count":5389,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"umich-scl-rosenberg_aspace_96d5b236515b376dc8be8ac037107b7c","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Letter from Siegfried Loeb and Emanuel Loeb to Alfred Rosenberg [?], August 17, 1946","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-scl-rosenberg_aspace_96d5b236515b376dc8be8ac037107b7c#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_96d5b236515b376dc8be8ac037107b7c","ref_ssm":["aspace_96d5b236515b376dc8be8ac037107b7c","aspace_96d5b236515b376dc8be8ac037107b7c"],"id":"umich-scl-rosenberg_aspace_96d5b236515b376dc8be8ac037107b7c","title_filing_ssi":"Letter from Siegfried Loeb and Emanuel Loeb to Alfred Rosenberg [?]","title_ssm":["Letter from Siegfried Loeb and Emanuel Loeb to Alfred Rosenberg [?]"],"title_tesim":["Letter from Siegfried Loeb and Emanuel Loeb to Alfred Rosenberg [?]"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["August 17, 1946"],"normalized_date_ssm":["August 17, 1946"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letter from Siegfried Loeb and Emanuel Loeb to Alfred Rosenberg [?], August 17, 1946"],"text":["Letter from Siegfried Loeb and Emanuel Loeb to Alfred Rosenberg [?], August 17, 1946","Rosenberg Family Correspondence, 1938-2010, bulk 1938-1946","Box 2","Folder 34"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ssim":["umich-scl-rosenberg"],"parent_ssi":"umich-scl-rosenberg","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-scl-rosenberg"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Rosenberg Family Correspondence, 1938-2010, bulk 1938-1946"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Rosenberg Family Correspondence, 1938-2010, bulk 1938-1946"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Special Collections Research Center"],"collection_ssim":["Rosenberg Family Correspondence, 1938-2010, bulk 1938-1946"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":103,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright has not been transferred ot the Regents of the University of Michigan. Permission\n        to publish must be obtained from the copyright holder(s)."],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\":\"Letter: 1946 August 17\",\"href\":\"http://name.umdl.umich.edu/8461826.0102.001\"}"],"date_range_isim":[1946],"containers_ssim":["Box 2","Folder 34"],"_nest_path_":"/components#102","_nest_parent_":"umich-scl-rosenberg","_root_":"umich-scl-rosenberg","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:24:49.805Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-scl-rosenberg","title_filing_ssi":"Rosenberg Family Correspondence","title_ssm":["Rosenberg Family Correspondence"],"title_tesim":["Rosenberg Family Correspondence"],"ead_ssi":"umich-scl-rosenberg","unitdate_ssm":["1938-2010","1938-1946"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1938-1946"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1938-2010"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["rosenberg"],"text":["rosenberg","Rosenberg Family Correspondence, 1938-2010, bulk 1938-1946","The collection is open for research.","These letters were written by various members of the Rosenberg family, particularly parents\n        Johanna and Nathan; son Julius, b. 1900 (living in Breisach, Germany, and often writing with\n        his fiancee Emmy); son Eugen, b. 1901 (living in Palestine with his wife Lea and a young\n        son); son Alfred, b. 1911 (living in Brooklyn and later Pennsylvania with his wife, Alise,\n        and her parents). The letters were received and collected by Alfred Rosenberg and donated by\n        his son, Victor Rosenberg. In 1940 Julius, Emmy, Nathan, Johanna, and other extended family\n        members from Breisach were deported to a labor camp in Gurs, France. Johanna died while\n        interned there in 1941. The camp was deported to Auschwitz in August 1942, where Julius was\n        murdered. Further information about Emmy, including her family name, is unknown. Nathan\n        survived the war at a hospice in southern France and died there in December 1945.","This collection contains one linear foot of material and includes 105 letters between\n        Rosenberg family members, friends, and acquaintances. It documents the firsthand experiences\n        of a German Jewish family before, during, and after the Holocaust, and also includes the\n        experiences of family members who emigrated from Germany in the years immediately before the\n        Second World War. The letters were received and collected by Alfred Rosenberg, and as a\n        result most are addressed to him and Alise Rosenberg and few are written by them.","Copyright has not been transferred ot the Regents of the University of Michigan. Permission\n        to publish must be obtained from the copyright holder(s).","The 105 letters in this collection\n        document the experience of a German Jewish family in the years immediately before, during,\n        and shortly after World War II. Nathan and Johannna Rosenberg of Breisach, Germany, had\n        three sons: Julius (1900-1942), Eugen (1901-1964), and Alfred (1911-2005). Eugen left for\n        Palestine in 1935. Alfred, with his wife and her parents immigrated to the United States in\n        August 1938. Most of the letters were written to Alfred by his brothers, his parents, and\n        other relatives between 1938 and 1946. Most of the letters are from Julius, Emmy, Nathan,\n        and Johanna; some of these they wrote from the labor camp in Gurs to which many Jews in\n        Breisach were deported in October 1940. Contains typewritten transcriptions (German) and\n        English translations for most letters. ","Testing import and export","Rosenberg, Alfred","Rosenberg, Alise","Rosenberg, Victor","Rosenberg, Eugen","Rosenberg, Julius","Rosenberg, Johanna","Rosenberg, Nathan","Rosenberg, Emmy","The collection is mostly in\n          German. There are also materials in English,\n          Hebrew, Yiddish, and\n        French."],"unitid_tesim":["rosenberg"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1938-2010, bulk 1938-1946"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Rosenberg Family Correspondence, 1938-2010, bulk 1938-1946"],"collection_title_tesim":["Rosenberg Family Correspondence, 1938-2010, bulk 1938-1946"],"collection_ssim":["Rosenberg Family Correspondence, 1938-2010, bulk 1938-1946"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Special Collections Research Center"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Special Collections Research Center"],"creator_ssm":["Rosenberg, Alfred","Rosenberg, Alise","Rosenberg, Victor","Rosenberg, Eugen","Rosenberg, Julius","Rosenberg, Johanna","Rosenberg, Nathan","Rosenberg, Emmy"],"creator_ssim":["Rosenberg, Alfred","Rosenberg, Alise","Rosenberg, Victor","Rosenberg, Eugen","Rosenberg, Julius","Rosenberg, Johanna","Rosenberg, Nathan","Rosenberg, Emmy"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Rosenberg, Alfred","Rosenberg, Alise","Rosenberg, Victor","Rosenberg, Eugen","Rosenberg, Julius","Rosenberg, Johanna","Rosenberg, Nathan","Rosenberg, Emmy"],"creators_ssim":["Rosenberg, Alfred","Rosenberg, Alise","Rosenberg, Victor","Rosenberg, Eugen","Rosenberg, Julius","Rosenberg, Johanna","Rosenberg, Nathan","Rosenberg, Emmy"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright has not been transferred ot the Regents of the University of Michigan. Permission\n        to publish must be obtained from the copyright holder(s)."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gift of Victor Rosenberg, 2009."],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["1 Linear Feet 2 manuscript boxes"],"extent_tesim":["1 Linear Feet 2 manuscript boxes"],"date_range_isim":[1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThese letters were written by various members of the Rosenberg family, particularly parents\n        Johanna and Nathan; son Julius, b. 1900 (living in Breisach, Germany, and often writing with\n        his fiancee Emmy); son Eugen, b. 1901 (living in Palestine with his wife Lea and a young\n        son); son Alfred, b. 1911 (living in Brooklyn and later Pennsylvania with his wife, Alise,\n        and her parents). The letters were received and collected by Alfred Rosenberg and donated by\n        his son, Victor Rosenberg. In 1940 Julius, Emmy, Nathan, Johanna, and other extended family\n        members from Breisach were deported to a labor camp in Gurs, France. Johanna died while\n        interned there in 1941. The camp was deported to Auschwitz in August 1942, where Julius was\n        murdered. Further information about Emmy, including her family name, is unknown. Nathan\n        survived the war at a hospice in southern France and died there in December 1945.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["These letters were written by various members of the Rosenberg family, particularly parents\n        Johanna and Nathan; son Julius, b. 1900 (living in Breisach, Germany, and often writing with\n        his fiancee Emmy); son Eugen, b. 1901 (living in Palestine with his wife Lea and a young\n        son); son Alfred, b. 1911 (living in Brooklyn and later Pennsylvania with his wife, Alise,\n        and her parents). The letters were received and collected by Alfred Rosenberg and donated by\n        his son, Victor Rosenberg. In 1940 Julius, Emmy, Nathan, Johanna, and other extended family\n        members from Breisach were deported to a labor camp in Gurs, France. Johanna died while\n        interned there in 1941. The camp was deported to Auschwitz in August 1942, where Julius was\n        murdered. Further information about Emmy, including her family name, is unknown. Nathan\n        survived the war at a hospice in southern France and died there in December 1945."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRosenberg Family Correspondence, University of Michigan Library (Special Collections\n        Research Center)\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["Rosenberg Family Correspondence, University of Michigan Library (Special Collections\n        Research Center)"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis collection contains one linear foot of material and includes 105 letters between\n        Rosenberg family members, friends, and acquaintances. It documents the firsthand experiences\n        of a German Jewish family before, during, and after the Holocaust, and also includes the\n        experiences of family members who emigrated from Germany in the years immediately before the\n        Second World War. The letters were received and collected by Alfred Rosenberg, and as a\n        result most are addressed to him and Alise Rosenberg and few are written by them.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This collection contains one linear foot of material and includes 105 letters between\n        Rosenberg family members, friends, and acquaintances. It documents the firsthand experiences\n        of a German Jewish family before, during, and after the Holocaust, and also includes the\n        experiences of family members who emigrated from Germany in the years immediately before the\n        Second World War. The letters were received and collected by Alfred Rosenberg, and as a\n        result most are addressed to him and Alise Rosenberg and few are written by them."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright has not been transferred ot the Regents of the University of Michigan. Permission\n        to publish must be obtained from the copyright holder(s).\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright has not been transferred ot the Regents of the University of Michigan. Permission\n        to publish must be obtained from the copyright holder(s)."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_2a0dde5c38142197e5d859fb9828da6a\"\u003eThe 105 letters in this collection\n        document the experience of a German Jewish family in the years immediately before, during,\n        and shortly after World War II. Nathan and Johannna Rosenberg of Breisach, Germany, had\n        three sons: Julius (1900-1942), Eugen (1901-1964), and Alfred (1911-2005). Eugen left for\n        Palestine in 1935. Alfred, with his wife and her parents immigrated to the United States in\n        August 1938. Most of the letters were written to Alfred by his brothers, his parents, and\n        other relatives between 1938 and 1946. Most of the letters are from Julius, Emmy, Nathan,\n        and Johanna; some of these they wrote from the labor camp in Gurs to which many Jews in\n        Breisach were deported in October 1940. Contains typewritten transcriptions (German) and\n        English translations for most letters. \u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The 105 letters in this collection\n        document the experience of a German Jewish family in the years immediately before, during,\n        and shortly after World War II. Nathan and Johannna Rosenberg of Breisach, Germany, had\n        three sons: Julius (1900-1942), Eugen (1901-1964), and Alfred (1911-2005). Eugen left for\n        Palestine in 1935. Alfred, with his wife and her parents immigrated to the United States in\n        August 1938. Most of the letters were written to Alfred by his brothers, his parents, and\n        other relatives between 1938 and 1946. Most of the letters are from Julius, Emmy, Nathan,\n        and Johanna; some of these they wrote from the labor camp in Gurs to which many Jews in\n        Breisach were deported in October 1940. Contains typewritten transcriptions (German) and\n        English translations for most letters. "],"names_ssim":["Testing import and export","Rosenberg, Alfred","Rosenberg, Alise","Rosenberg, Victor","Rosenberg, Eugen","Rosenberg, Julius","Rosenberg, Johanna","Rosenberg, Nathan","Rosenberg, Emmy"],"corpname_ssim":["Testing import and export"],"persname_ssim":["Rosenberg, Alfred","Rosenberg, Alise","Rosenberg, Victor","Rosenberg, Eugen","Rosenberg, Julius","Rosenberg, Johanna","Rosenberg, Nathan","Rosenberg, Emmy"],"language_ssim":["The collection is mostly in\n          German. There are also materials in English,\n          Hebrew, Yiddish, and\n        French."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":113,"online_item_count_is":104,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-scl-rosenberg","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:24:49.805Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-scl-rosenberg_aspace_96d5b236515b376dc8be8ac037107b7c"}},{"id":"rushbenjaminandjulia_aspace_60bc65ac982c71ade8c13641188f6dbc","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Letters, 1777-1824","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/rushbenjaminandjulia_aspace_60bc65ac982c71ade8c13641188f6dbc#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the 136 letters in the series were composed by Benjamin Rush, and letters he wrote to Julia during the 1793 yellow fever epidemic in Philadelphia form a substantial part of the series. Main topics in the letters include Rush family matters, medical treatments for a wide variety of medical issues, American politics, and the country's relations with European nations. Other topics include mental illness and its treatment, the medical department in the Continental Army, the impact of epidemics upon commerce internationally, reading habits, parenting, and capital punishment. \u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/rushbenjaminandjulia_aspace_60bc65ac982c71ade8c13641188f6dbc#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_60bc65ac982c71ade8c13641188f6dbc","ref_ssm":["aspace_60bc65ac982c71ade8c13641188f6dbc","aspace_60bc65ac982c71ade8c13641188f6dbc"],"id":"rushbenjaminandjulia_aspace_60bc65ac982c71ade8c13641188f6dbc","title_filing_ssi":"Letters","title_ssm":["Letters"],"title_tesim":["Letters"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1777-1824"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1777-1824"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letters, 1777-1824"],"text":["Letters, 1777-1824","Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers, bulk 1766-1845 and undated","1","The majority of the 136 letters in the series were composed by Benjamin Rush, and\n            letters he wrote to Julia during the 1793 yellow fever epidemic in Philadelphia form a\n            substantial part of the series. Main topics in the letters include Rush family matters,\n            medical treatments for a wide variety of medical issues, American politics, and the\n            country's relations with European nations. Other topics include mental illness and its\n            treatment, the medical department in the Continental Army, the impact of epidemics upon\n            commerce internationally, reading habits, parenting, and capital punishment. ","Among the prominent correspondents who wrote one or more personal or professional\n            letters to Rush or his wife are Abigail Adams, John Quincy Adams, Thomas Jefferson,\n            James Madison, Thomas Paine, and George Washington. Letters from others to Julia Rush\n            seek to continue ties with her and the Rush family, and offer condolences following\n            Benjamin's death. Included are several manuscript copies Benjamin Rush made of\n            individual letters he penned."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ssim":["rushbenjaminandjulia"],"parent_ssi":"rushbenjaminandjulia","parent_ids_ssim":["rushbenjaminandjulia"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers, bulk 1766-1845 and undated"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers, bulk 1766-1845 and undated"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"unitid_ssm":["1"],"repository_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers, bulk 1766-1845 and undated"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"child_component_count_isi":136,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":1,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"date_range_isim":[1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824],"corpname_ssim":["University of Pennsylvania -- Faculty","University of Pennsylvania","Dickinson College","St. Thomas' Church (Philadelphia, Pa.) -- History","St. Thomas' Church (Philadelphia, Pa.) -- History","College of Philadelphia. Medical School","University of Pennsylvania -- Faculty","University of Pennsylvania -- Faculty"],"famname_ssim":["Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family","Rush family"],"persname_ssim":["Adams, Abigail,\n                1744-1818","Rush, Julia Stockton","Adams, John\n                Quincy, 1767-1848","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","Dickinson,\n                John, 1732-1808","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","Dickinson,\n                John, 1732-1808","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","Dickinson,\n                John, 1732-1808","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","Gates,\n                Horatio, 1728-1806","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","Greene,\n                Nathanael, 1742-1786","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Hosack,\n                David, 1769-1835","Rush, Julia Stockton","Jefferson, Thomas,\n                1743-1826","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","Jefferson, Thomas,\n                1743-1826","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","Waterhouse, Benjamin, 1754-1846","McHenry,\n                James, 1753-1816","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","Madison,\n                James, 1751-1836","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","Paine,\n                Thomas, 1737-1809","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","Pascalis Ouviere,\n                Felix, 1762-1833","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813 -- Medical inquiries and\n              observations upon the diseases of the mind","Pascalis Ouviere,\n                Felix, 1762-1833","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","Pickering,\n                Timothy, 1745-1829","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","Pickering,\n                Timothy, 1745-1829","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","Pickering,\n                Timothy, 1745-1829","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","Pickering,\n                Timothy, 1745-1829","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Howe , William Howe, Viscount, 1729-1814","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Shippen, William, 1712-1801","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Shippen, William, 1712-1801","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","McHenry, James, 1753-1816.","Shippen, William, 1712-1801","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Shippen, William, 1712-1801","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Greene, Nathanael, 1742-1786","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Read, Jacob, 1752-1816","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Bayard, John Bubenheim, 1738-1807","Armstrong, John, 1758-1843","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Paley, William, 1743-1805 -- Principles of moral and political\n              philosophy","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Sproat, James, 1722-1793","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Clymer, George, 1739-1813","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Shippen, William, 1712-1801","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Newton, John, 1725-1807 -- Cardiphonia","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Thornton, James, 1727-1794","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, 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Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Sharp , Granville, 1735-1813","Grafton, Augustus Henry Fitzroy, Duke of, 1735-1811","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Potter, Nathaniel, 1770-1843.","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Bostock, John, 1773-1846","Bostock, John, 1740-1774","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Bostock, John, 1773-1846","Bostock, John, 1740-1774","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Jones, Walter, 1745-1815","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Miller, Samuel, 1769-1850","Rodgers, John, 1727-1811","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Eustis, William, 1753-1825","Mease, James, 1771-1846.","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Hosack, David, 1769-1835.","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Cullen, William, 1710-1790","Washington, George,\n                1732-1799","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","Wayne,\n                Anthony, 1745-1796","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe majority of the 136 letters in the series were composed by Benjamin Rush, and\n            letters he wrote to Julia during the 1793 yellow fever epidemic in Philadelphia form a\n            substantial part of the series. Main topics in the letters include Rush family matters,\n            medical treatments for a wide variety of medical issues, American politics, and the\n            country's relations with European nations. Other topics include mental illness and its\n            treatment, the medical department in the Continental Army, the impact of epidemics upon\n            commerce internationally, reading habits, parenting, and capital punishment. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAmong the prominent correspondents who wrote one or more personal or professional\n            letters to Rush or his wife are Abigail Adams, John Quincy Adams, Thomas Jefferson,\n            James Madison, Thomas Paine, and George Washington. Letters from others to Julia Rush\n            seek to continue ties with her and the Rush family, and offer condolences following\n            Benjamin's death. Included are several manuscript copies Benjamin Rush made of\n            individual letters he penned.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The majority of the 136 letters in the series were composed by Benjamin Rush, and\n            letters he wrote to Julia during the 1793 yellow fever epidemic in Philadelphia form a\n            substantial part of the series. Main topics in the letters include Rush family matters,\n            medical treatments for a wide variety of medical issues, American politics, and the\n            country's relations with European nations. Other topics include mental illness and its\n            treatment, the medical department in the Continental Army, the impact of epidemics upon\n            commerce internationally, reading habits, parenting, and capital punishment. ","Among the prominent correspondents who wrote one or more personal or professional\n            letters to Rush or his wife are Abigail Adams, John Quincy Adams, Thomas Jefferson,\n            James Madison, Thomas Paine, and George Washington. Letters from others to Julia Rush\n            seek to continue ties with her and the Rush family, and offer condolences following\n            Benjamin's death. Included are several manuscript copies Benjamin Rush made of\n            individual letters he penned."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0","_nest_parent_":"rushbenjaminandjulia","_root_":"rushbenjaminandjulia","timestamp":"2025-02-18T22:58:44.624Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"rushbenjaminandjulia","title_ssm":["Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers"],"title_tesim":["Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers"],"ead_ssi":"rushbenjaminandjulia","unitdate_ssm":["1766-1845 and undated"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1766-1845 and undated"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RL.11044"],"text":["RL.11044","Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers, bulk 1766-1845 and undated","United States -- History -- Revolution, 1775-1783 -- Medical\n        care","United States -- Politics and government -- 1775-1783","Physicians -- Records and correspondence.","Medicine -- Study and teaching -- Pennsylvania --\n        Philadelphia","Mental illness -- Treatment -- United States -- History -- 19th\n        century","Yellow Fever -- Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia","Diaries","Collection is open for research.","Arranged into the following series: Letters, Writings, Financial Records, and Legal\n        Documents and Educational Records.","Benjamin Rush was a physician, politician, social reformer, educator and humanitarian, as\n        well as the founder of Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. He married Julia\n        Stockton in 1776.","Benjamin Rush 1746 January 4 Born, in Byberry Township, Pa. 1760 Graduated with A. B., College of New Jersey (Princeton) 1761-1766 Medical apprenticeship, College of Philadelphia medical department 1768 Completed medical degree, University of Edinburgh 1769 Began medical practice in Philadelphia Appointed Professor of Chemistry in College of Philadelphia's medical\n              department 1776 Took his seat in Second Continental Congress 1776 August 2 Signed Declaration of Independence 1777 April Commissioned Surgeon General of Middle Department of the Continental Army 1778 Resigned from the Army Became lecturer at University of the State of Pennsylvania 1783 Helped found Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pa. 1784-1813 Surgeon at Pennsylvania Hospital, with responsibility for psychiatric\n              ward 1797-1813 Treasurer of the U.S. Mint 1813 Died ","Julia Stockton Rush 1759 Born, at \"Morven\" family estate near Princeton, N.J. 1776 Married Benjamin Rush; the couple went on to have 13 children 1848 Died at their county property, \"Sydenham\" (now 15th Street and Columbus Ave,\n              Philadelphia)","Sarah Eve diary, 1772-1773. Eve was the daughter of ship captain and merchant Oswell Eve,\n        and the fiancee of Benjamin Rush until her death on 4 Dec. 1774, three weeks before the date\n        set for their marriage.","The Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers include letters, writings, financial records, a\n        few legal documents and one educational record. ","Benjamin Rush's personal and professional outgoing letters, with some incoming letters,\n        cover a wide variety of topics, but focus primarily on medical concerns, particularly the\n        1793 and other yellow fever epidemics in Philadelphia, as well as mental illness and its\n        treatment, and the medical department of the Continental Army. ","There are a few letters from others to Julia Stockton Rush that seek to continue ties with\n        her and the Rush family or offer condolences following Benjamin's death. Collection also\n        contains a medical case book and a fragment of an essay or lecture written by Benjamin Rush,\n        along with his travel diary for a trip to meet with the Board of Trustees for Dickinson\n        College in 178[4]; other writings include Julia Rush's devotional journal and exercise book. ","The financial records include a few statements and receipts, but primarily contain two\n        account books, one maintained by Benjamin Rush, the other by Rush with his wife. These\n        account books provide a complete picture of the family finances from the period before the\n        couple married, almost to Julia's death. ","Legal documents include a sworn statement and a land patent, and there is an educational\n        record for one of Rush's students.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library.","The Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush\n        papers include letters, writings, financial records, a few legal documents and one\n        educational record. Benjamin Rush's personal and professional outgoing letters, with some\n        incoming letters, cover a wide variety of topics, but focus primarily on medical concerns,\n        particularly the 1793 and other yellow fever epidemics in Philadelphia, as well as mental\n        illness and its treatment, and the medical department of the Continental Army. There are a\n        few letters from others to Julia Stockton Rush that seek to continue ties with her and the\n        Rush family or offer condolences following Benjamin's death. Collection also contains a\n        medical case book and a fragment of an essay or lecture written by Benjamin Rush, along with\n        his travel diary for a trip to meet with the Board of Trustees for Dickinson College in\n        178[4]; other writings include Julia Rush's devotional journal and exercise book. The\n        financial records include a few statements and receipts, but primarily contain two account\n        books, one maintained by Benjamin Rush, the other by Rush with his wife. These account books\n        provide a complete picture of the family finances from the period before the couple married,\n        almost to Julia's death. Legal documents include a sworn statement and a land patent, and\n        there is an educational record for one of Rush's students. ","David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","Dickinson College","University of Pennsylvania -- Faculty","University of Pennsylvania","St. Thomas' Church (Philadelphia, Pa.) -- History","College of Philadelphia. Medical School","Rush family","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Adams, Abigail,\n                1744-1818","Adams, John\n                Quincy, 1767-1848","Dickinson,\n                John, 1732-1808","Gates,\n                Horatio, 1728-1806","Greene,\n                Nathanael, 1742-1786","Hosack,\n                David, 1769-1835","Jefferson, Thomas,\n                1743-1826","Waterhouse, Benjamin, 1754-1846","McHenry,\n                James, 1753-1816","Madison,\n                James, 1751-1836","Paine,\n                Thomas, 1737-1809","Pascalis Ouviere,\n                Felix, 1762-1833","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813 -- Medical inquiries and\n              observations upon the diseases of the mind","Pickering,\n                Timothy, 1745-1829","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Howe , William Howe, Viscount, 1729-1814","Shippen, William, 1712-1801","McHenry, James, 1753-1816.","Greene, Nathanael, 1742-1786","Read, Jacob, 1752-1816","Bayard, John Bubenheim, 1738-1807","Armstrong, John, 1758-1843","Paley, William, 1743-1805 -- Principles of moral and political\n              philosophy","Sproat, James, 1722-1793","Clymer, George, 1739-1813","Newton, John, 1725-1807 -- Cardiphonia","Thornton, James, 1727-1794","Sharp , Granville, 1735-1813","Grafton, Augustus Henry Fitzroy, Duke of, 1735-1811","Potter, Nathaniel, 1770-1843.","Bostock, John, 1773-1846","Bostock, John, 1740-1774","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","Jones, Walter, 1745-1815","Miller, Samuel, 1769-1850","Rodgers, John, 1727-1811","Eustis, William, 1753-1825","Mease, James, 1771-1846.","Hosack, David, 1769-1835.","Cullen, William, 1710-1790","Washington, George,\n                1732-1799","Wayne,\n                Anthony, 1745-1796","Rush, Richard,\n              1780-1859","Rush, Julia\n              Stockton","English","Materials are in\n        English."],"unitid_tesim":["RL.11044"],"normalized_date_ssm":["bulk 1766-1845 and undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers, bulk 1766-1845 and undated"],"collection_title_tesim":["Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers, bulk 1766-1845 and undated"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers, bulk 1766-1845 and undated"],"repository_ssm":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"repository_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Revolution, 1775-1783 -- Medical\n        care","United States -- Politics and government -- 1775-1783"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Revolution, 1775-1783 -- Medical\n        care","United States -- Politics and government -- 1775-1783"],"creator_ssm":["Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813"],"creator_ssim":["Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813"],"creators_ssim":["Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Revolution, 1775-1783 -- Medical\n        care","United States -- Politics and government -- 1775-1783"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Physicians -- Records and correspondence.","Medicine -- Study and teaching -- Pennsylvania --\n        Philadelphia","Mental illness -- Treatment -- United States -- History -- 19th\n        century","Yellow Fever -- Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia","Diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Physicians -- Records and correspondence.","Medicine -- Study and teaching -- Pennsylvania --\n        Philadelphia","Mental illness -- Treatment -- United States -- History -- 19th\n        century","Yellow Fever -- Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia","Diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["0.8 Linear Feet 3 boxes, 2 volumes"],"extent_tesim":["0.8 Linear Feet 3 boxes, 2 volumes"],"genreform_ssim":["Diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into the following series: Letters, Writings, Financial Records, and Legal\n        Documents and Educational Records.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged into the following series: Letters, Writings, Financial Records, and Legal\n        Documents and Educational Records."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Rush was a physician, politician, social reformer, educator and humanitarian, as\n        well as the founder of Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. He married Julia\n        Stockton in 1776.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cchronlist\u003e\n        \u003chead\u003eBenjamin Rush\u003c/head\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1746 January 4\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eBorn, in Byberry Township, Pa.\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1760\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eGraduated with A. B., College of New Jersey (Princeton)\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1761-1766\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eMedical apprenticeship, College of Philadelphia medical department\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1768\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eCompleted medical degree, University of Edinburgh\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1769\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eBegan medical practice in Philadelphia\u003c/event\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eAppointed Professor of Chemistry in College of Philadelphia's medical\n              department\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1776\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eTook his seat in Second Continental Congress\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1776 August 2\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eSigned Declaration of Independence\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1777 April\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eCommissioned Surgeon General of Middle Department of the Continental Army\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1778\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eResigned from the Army\u003c/event\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eBecame lecturer at University of the State of Pennsylvania\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1783\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eHelped found Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pa.\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1784-1813\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eSurgeon at Pennsylvania Hospital, with responsibility for psychiatric\n              ward\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1797-1813\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eTreasurer of the U.S. Mint\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1813\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eDied \u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003c/chronlist\u003e","\u003cchronlist\u003e\n        \u003chead\u003eJulia Stockton Rush\u003c/head\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1759\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eBorn, at \"Morven\" family estate near Princeton, N.J.\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1776\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eMarried Benjamin Rush; the couple went on to have 13 children\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1848\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eDied at their county property, \"Sydenham\" (now 15th Street and Columbus Ave,\n              Philadelphia)\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003c/chronlist\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin Rush was a physician, politician, social reformer, educator and humanitarian, as\n        well as the founder of Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. He married Julia\n        Stockton in 1776.","Benjamin Rush 1746 January 4 Born, in Byberry Township, Pa. 1760 Graduated with A. B., College of New Jersey (Princeton) 1761-1766 Medical apprenticeship, College of Philadelphia medical department 1768 Completed medical degree, University of Edinburgh 1769 Began medical practice in Philadelphia Appointed Professor of Chemistry in College of Philadelphia's medical\n              department 1776 Took his seat in Second Continental Congress 1776 August 2 Signed Declaration of Independence 1777 April Commissioned Surgeon General of Middle Department of the Continental Army 1778 Resigned from the Army Became lecturer at University of the State of Pennsylvania 1783 Helped found Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pa. 1784-1813 Surgeon at Pennsylvania Hospital, with responsibility for psychiatric\n              ward 1797-1813 Treasurer of the U.S. Mint 1813 Died ","Julia Stockton Rush 1759 Born, at \"Morven\" family estate near Princeton, N.J. 1776 Married Benjamin Rush; the couple went on to have 13 children 1848 Died at their county property, \"Sydenham\" (now 15th Street and Columbus Ave,\n              Philadelphia)"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers, 1766-1845 and undated,\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library, Duke University.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers, 1766-1845 and undated,\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library, Duke University."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSarah Eve diary, 1772-1773. Eve was the daughter of ship captain and merchant Oswell Eve,\n        and the fiancee of Benjamin Rush until her death on 4 Dec. 1774, three weeks before the date\n        set for their marriage.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Sarah Eve diary, 1772-1773. Eve was the daughter of ship captain and merchant Oswell Eve,\n        and the fiancee of Benjamin Rush until her death on 4 Dec. 1774, three weeks before the date\n        set for their marriage."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers include letters, writings, financial records, a\n        few legal documents and one educational record. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Rush's personal and professional outgoing letters, with some incoming letters,\n        cover a wide variety of topics, but focus primarily on medical concerns, particularly the\n        1793 and other yellow fever epidemics in Philadelphia, as well as mental illness and its\n        treatment, and the medical department of the Continental Army. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are a few letters from others to Julia Stockton Rush that seek to continue ties with\n        her and the Rush family or offer condolences following Benjamin's death. Collection also\n        contains a medical case book and a fragment of an essay or lecture written by Benjamin Rush,\n        along with his travel diary for a trip to meet with the Board of Trustees for Dickinson\n        College in 178[4]; other writings include Julia Rush's devotional journal and exercise book. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe financial records include a few statements and receipts, but primarily contain two\n        account books, one maintained by Benjamin Rush, the other by Rush with his wife. These\n        account books provide a complete picture of the family finances from the period before the\n        couple married, almost to Julia's death. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLegal documents include a sworn statement and a land patent, and there is an educational\n        record for one of Rush's students.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Collection Overview"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers include letters, writings, financial records, a\n        few legal documents and one educational record. ","Benjamin Rush's personal and professional outgoing letters, with some incoming letters,\n        cover a wide variety of topics, but focus primarily on medical concerns, particularly the\n        1793 and other yellow fever epidemics in Philadelphia, as well as mental illness and its\n        treatment, and the medical department of the Continental Army. ","There are a few letters from others to Julia Stockton Rush that seek to continue ties with\n        her and the Rush family or offer condolences following Benjamin's death. Collection also\n        contains a medical case book and a fragment of an essay or lecture written by Benjamin Rush,\n        along with his travel diary for a trip to meet with the Board of Trustees for Dickinson\n        College in 178[4]; other writings include Julia Rush's devotional journal and exercise book. ","The financial records include a few statements and receipts, but primarily contain two\n        account books, one maintained by Benjamin Rush, the other by Rush with his wife. These\n        account books provide a complete picture of the family finances from the period before the\n        couple married, almost to Julia's death. ","Legal documents include a sworn statement and a land patent, and there is an educational\n        record for one of Rush's students."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3fbc83697b6a5a62d0eb0f3a669ea271\"\u003eThe Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush\n        papers include letters, writings, financial records, a few legal documents and one\n        educational record. Benjamin Rush's personal and professional outgoing letters, with some\n        incoming letters, cover a wide variety of topics, but focus primarily on medical concerns,\n        particularly the 1793 and other yellow fever epidemics in Philadelphia, as well as mental\n        illness and its treatment, and the medical department of the Continental Army. There are a\n        few letters from others to Julia Stockton Rush that seek to continue ties with her and the\n        Rush family or offer condolences following Benjamin's death. Collection also contains a\n        medical case book and a fragment of an essay or lecture written by Benjamin Rush, along with\n        his travel diary for a trip to meet with the Board of Trustees for Dickinson College in\n        178[4]; other writings include Julia Rush's devotional journal and exercise book. The\n        financial records include a few statements and receipts, but primarily contain two account\n        books, one maintained by Benjamin Rush, the other by Rush with his wife. These account books\n        provide a complete picture of the family finances from the period before the couple married,\n        almost to Julia's death. Legal documents include a sworn statement and a land patent, and\n        there is an educational record for one of Rush's students. \u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush\n        papers include letters, writings, financial records, a few legal documents and one\n        educational record. Benjamin Rush's personal and professional outgoing letters, with some\n        incoming letters, cover a wide variety of topics, but focus primarily on medical concerns,\n        particularly the 1793 and other yellow fever epidemics in Philadelphia, as well as mental\n        illness and its treatment, and the medical department of the Continental Army. There are a\n        few letters from others to Julia Stockton Rush that seek to continue ties with her and the\n        Rush family or offer condolences following Benjamin's death. Collection also contains a\n        medical case book and a fragment of an essay or lecture written by Benjamin Rush, along with\n        his travel diary for a trip to meet with the Board of Trustees for Dickinson College in\n        178[4]; other writings include Julia Rush's devotional journal and exercise book. The\n        financial records include a few statements and receipts, but primarily contain two account\n        books, one maintained by Benjamin Rush, the other by Rush with his wife. These account books\n        provide a complete picture of the family finances from the period before the couple married,\n        almost to Julia's death. Legal documents include a sworn statement and a land patent, and\n        there is an educational record for one of Rush's students. "],"names_coll_ssim":["Dickinson College","Rush, Julia Stockton"],"names_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","Dickinson College","University of Pennsylvania -- Faculty","University of Pennsylvania","St. Thomas' Church (Philadelphia, Pa.) -- History","College of Philadelphia. Medical School","Rush family","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Adams, Abigail,\n                1744-1818","Adams, John\n                Quincy, 1767-1848","Dickinson,\n                John, 1732-1808","Gates,\n                Horatio, 1728-1806","Greene,\n                Nathanael, 1742-1786","Hosack,\n                David, 1769-1835","Jefferson, Thomas,\n                1743-1826","Waterhouse, Benjamin, 1754-1846","McHenry,\n                James, 1753-1816","Madison,\n                James, 1751-1836","Paine,\n                Thomas, 1737-1809","Pascalis Ouviere,\n                Felix, 1762-1833","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813 -- Medical inquiries and\n              observations upon the diseases of the mind","Pickering,\n                Timothy, 1745-1829","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Howe , William Howe, Viscount, 1729-1814","Shippen, William, 1712-1801","McHenry, James, 1753-1816.","Greene, Nathanael, 1742-1786","Read, Jacob, 1752-1816","Bayard, John Bubenheim, 1738-1807","Armstrong, John, 1758-1843","Paley, William, 1743-1805 -- Principles of moral and political\n              philosophy","Sproat, James, 1722-1793","Clymer, George, 1739-1813","Newton, John, 1725-1807 -- Cardiphonia","Thornton, James, 1727-1794","Sharp , Granville, 1735-1813","Grafton, Augustus Henry Fitzroy, Duke of, 1735-1811","Potter, Nathaniel, 1770-1843.","Bostock, John, 1773-1846","Bostock, John, 1740-1774","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","Jones, Walter, 1745-1815","Miller, Samuel, 1769-1850","Rodgers, John, 1727-1811","Eustis, William, 1753-1825","Mease, James, 1771-1846.","Hosack, David, 1769-1835.","Cullen, William, 1710-1790","Washington, George,\n                1732-1799","Wayne,\n                Anthony, 1745-1796","Rush, Richard,\n              1780-1859","Rush, Julia\n              Stockton"],"corpname_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","Dickinson College","University of Pennsylvania -- Faculty","University of Pennsylvania","St. Thomas' Church (Philadelphia, Pa.) -- History","College of Philadelphia. Medical School"],"famname_ssim":["Rush family"],"persname_ssim":["Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Adams, Abigail,\n                1744-1818","Adams, John\n                Quincy, 1767-1848","Dickinson,\n                John, 1732-1808","Gates,\n                Horatio, 1728-1806","Greene,\n                Nathanael, 1742-1786","Hosack,\n                David, 1769-1835","Jefferson, Thomas,\n                1743-1826","Waterhouse, Benjamin, 1754-1846","McHenry,\n                James, 1753-1816","Madison,\n                James, 1751-1836","Paine,\n                Thomas, 1737-1809","Pascalis Ouviere,\n                Felix, 1762-1833","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813 -- Medical inquiries and\n              observations upon the diseases of the mind","Pickering,\n                Timothy, 1745-1829","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Howe , William Howe, Viscount, 1729-1814","Shippen, William, 1712-1801","McHenry, James, 1753-1816.","Greene, Nathanael, 1742-1786","Read, Jacob, 1752-1816","Bayard, John Bubenheim, 1738-1807","Armstrong, John, 1758-1843","Paley, William, 1743-1805 -- Principles of moral and political\n              philosophy","Sproat, James, 1722-1793","Clymer, George, 1739-1813","Newton, John, 1725-1807 -- Cardiphonia","Thornton, James, 1727-1794","Sharp , Granville, 1735-1813","Grafton, Augustus Henry Fitzroy, Duke of, 1735-1811","Potter, Nathaniel, 1770-1843.","Bostock, John, 1773-1846","Bostock, John, 1740-1774","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","Jones, Walter, 1745-1815","Miller, Samuel, 1769-1850","Rodgers, John, 1727-1811","Eustis, William, 1753-1825","Mease, James, 1771-1846.","Hosack, David, 1769-1835.","Cullen, William, 1710-1790","Washington, George,\n                1732-1799","Wayne,\n                Anthony, 1745-1796","Rush, Richard,\n              1780-1859","Rush, Julia\n              Stockton"],"language_ssim":["English","Materials are in\n        English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":151,"online_item_count_is":147,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"rushbenjaminandjulia","timestamp":"2025-02-18T22:58:44.624Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/rushbenjaminandjulia_aspace_60bc65ac982c71ade8c13641188f6dbc"}},{"id":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_54b06e5ad77cab05ec7f6beeaca50022c47d9c7b","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"Letters and diary to Florence Adams.","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_54b06e5ad77cab05ec7f6beeaca50022c47d9c7b#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e6 items pertaining to Florence Adams including a lengthy diary written by Douglas MacArthur on his return trip from the Philippines in 1904.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_54b06e5ad77cab05ec7f6beeaca50022c47d9c7b#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"al_54b06e5ad77cab05ec7f6beeaca50022c47d9c7b","ref_ssm":["al_54b06e5ad77cab05ec7f6beeaca50022c47d9c7b","al_54b06e5ad77cab05ec7f6beeaca50022c47d9c7b"],"id":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_54b06e5ad77cab05ec7f6beeaca50022c47d9c7b","title_filing_ssi":"Letters and diary to Florence Adams.","title_ssm":["Letters and diary to Florence Adams."],"title_tesim":["Letters and diary to Florence Adams."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letters and diary to Florence Adams."],"text":["Letters and diary to Florence Adams.","Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","Correspondence and Diaries","6 items pertaining to Florence Adams including a lengthy diary written by Douglas MacArthur on his return trip from the Philippines in 1904."],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["umich-wcl-M-2370mac","al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980"],"parent_ssi":"al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-wcl-M-2370mac","umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","Correspondence and Diaries"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","Correspondence and Diaries"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. William L. Clements Library"],"collection_ssim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":6,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":2,"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e6 items pertaining to Florence Adams including a lengthy diary written by Douglas MacArthur on his return trip from the Philippines in 1904.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["6 items pertaining to Florence Adams including a lengthy diary written by Douglas MacArthur on his return trip from the Philippines in 1904."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#0","_nest_parent_":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980","_root_":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:25:17.168Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","title_ssm":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","MacArthur, Douglas collection"],"title_tesim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","MacArthur, Douglas collection"],"ead_ssi":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["wclmss001314"],"text":["wclmss001314","Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","Aisne, Battle of the, France, 1918.","Argonne, Battle of the, 1918.","Chateau-Thierry, Battle of, 1918.","Chemical Warfare.","Chemical Warfare--Safety Measures.","Chemical Weapons.","Communications, Military.","Gases, Asphyxiating and Poisonous--War Use.","Marne, 2nd Battle of the, France, 1918.","Military Assistance, French.","Military Intelligence.","Military Reconnaissance.","Saint-Mihiel (France), Battle of, 1918.","Signals and Signaling.","United States. Army.","United States--History--1913-1921.","World War, 1914-1918.","World War, 1914-1918--Aerial Operations.","World War, 1914-1918--Campaigns-France.","Books.","Diaries.","Diaries.","Letters (correspondence)","Newspapers.","Orders (military records)","Photographs.","The Douglas MacArthur collection has been organized into four series.  Within these series, the papers are separated into distinct sub-series groups. Series I: Correspondence and diaries Sub-series I: Letters and diary to Florence Adams (Box 1) Sub-series II: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell (Brooks) MacArthur (Box 1) Sub-series III: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr. (Box 1) Sub-series IV: Miscellaneous letters and documents pertaining to Douglas MacArthur (Box 1) Series II: Papers related to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division Sub-series I: Military documents to the 42nd Division from external military units (Boxes 1-2) Sub-series II: Military documents from the 42nd Division to various military units (Boxes 2-4) Sub-series III: Internal military documents from and to various military units in the 42nd Division. (Box 5) Sub-series IV: Kenneth A. Sutherland Notebook. (Box 6) Series III: Photographs and miscellaneous papers pertaining to Douglas MacArthur Sub-series I: Aerial photographs and negatives, 91st Reconnaissance Squadron. (Box 7) Sub-series II: Miscellaneous photographs and papers. (Box 8) Series IV:  Published works.","Douglas MacArthur","Douglas MacArthur was born on January 26, 1880, the youngest child of (Capt.) Arthur MacArthur (1845-1912) and Mary Pinkney Hardy (1852-1935). His siblings were Arthur (1876-1923), and Malcolm (1878-1883), who died before his seventh birthday. ","Douglas MacArthur graduated from West Texas Military Academy in 1897 as valedictorian and two years later entered West Point.  In 1903 he graduated as First Captain, West Point's highest honor.  In September 1903, he joined the 3rd Battalion Engineers in San Francisco, and almost immediately was sent to Manila, Philippines. The next year he was promoted to First Lieutenant, and in 1906 returned to the United States.  After being made Captain of Engineers at Leavenworth in 1911, MacArthur was assigned to Vera Cruz to report information to the War Department.  While serving as military aide to the Secretary of War in 1916, he conceived the idea of expanding the existing National Guard through volunteer enlistment and turned into combat divisions - an idea that would be used for the formation of the 42nd Division. ","In 1917, MacArthur was appointed Colonel and Chief of Staff of the 42nd (Rainbow) Division.  As Commander of the 84th Infantry Brigade, he led his troops during the vitally important Argonne Campaign in the last months of the war.  In 1919, the 42nd Division returned to the United States, and MacArthur accepted an appointment as Superintendent of West Point.  While there, he became permanent Brigadier General.  MacArthur married Louise Cromwell Brooks in 1922, the year he was posted to command the Philippine Division, but they divorced seven years later. In November 1929, MacArthur was promoted to General and chosen as the man to replace General Summerall as the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army.  In 1937, MacArthur married a second time - to Jean Marie Faircloth, and they had a son, Arthur, a year later. ","In December 1941, the Japanese Army attacked and defeated MacArthur's Philippine Army on the Bataan Peninsula.  The following March, MacArthur was ordered from the Philippines to command the Allied troops with Thomas Blamey.  For six months, MacArthur concentrated on the defense of New Guinea, which led to an ambitious counter-attack in January and February 1943.  On the day the Japanese surrendered, MacArthur was appointed Supreme Commander of Allied Powers. ","MacArthur remained in occupied Japan until 1950, orchestrating the reformation of the post-war country.  On the 29th of June, 1950, MacArthur went to South Korea with American forces to assess the situation after North Korea's invasion of South Korea.  This assessment led to Truman's commitment of U.S. troops to a ground war in Korea.  The North Koreans abandoned Seoul on September 28, 1950, after MacArthur's successful military plan to attack through Inchon.  As a result of the success of this campaign, China decided to enter the Korean War.  MacArthur was ordered by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Secretary of Defense, in conjunction with a U.N. resolution, to proceed north of the 38th parallel.  Chinese troops attacked, leading to the withdrawal of MacArthur's troops back south of the 38th.  By this time, MacArthur had disobeyed the military order to employ only Korean forces in the frontier provinces.  On the 24th of March, MacArthur issued a lengthy communiqué complaining about the restrictions on his forces and taunted the enemy for their lack of industrial power and inability to maintain even moderate air and naval power. This pronouncement and his previous insubordination caused President Truman to relieve MacArthur of his command. ","In April 1951, General Douglas MacArthur returned to San Francisco to thousands of cheering citizens.  On April 19 he presented his case regarding his relief of command to a joint session of congress.  During his remaining years, MacArthur traveled throughout the United States to make speeches, in which he often denounced communists and socialists, and spoke of corrupt administration and heavy taxation. At the age of 84, on April 5, 1964, Douglas MacArthur died in a hospital in Washington.","The 42nd (Rainbow) Division","The Rainbow Division was created in 1917 as a composite division of members of the Regular Army and the National Guard solely for use in the war in Europe.  The 42nd arrived in Europe in 1917 as the war was entering a new phase: Russia had dropped out of the war, America was joining the war, and Germany was racing to provide tremendous reinforcement before the American forces arrived. ","In February 1918 the 42nd Division, part of the First U.S. Army Corps, was ordered to the Luneville area for a month of training with French units from the 7th French Army Corps.  While there, the Rainbow Division distinguished itself as \"a first class combat Division.\" ","The first assignment for the 42nd was to relieve the 128th French Infantry Division from the Baccarat Sector.  In the war, this was the first time an American Division held a Sector on its own.  The Division successfully held the Baccarat Sector until relief orders were sent on June 16, 1918.  Two weeks later, the 42nd Division went to the front at the Battle of Champagne alongside the 21st French Army Corps.  After an attack by the Germans on the fifteenth of July, the 42nd assisted in the Champagne defense until the end of the battle (July 18).  The Sixth French Army Corps was given the Rainbow Division to pursue the supposedly retreating enemy at the Battle of the Ourcq from July 25-July 27, 1918. From July 28-August 1st, the Allies captured strongpoints of the German position.  August 2-August 3rd, the 42nd Division assisted in pursuing the enemy until relieved by the 4th Regular Division. ","After the Battle of the Ourcq, Douglas MacArthur was given command of the 84th Infantry Brigade (William Hughes, Jr., replaced him as Chief of Staff, 42nd Division).  In September, the Rainbow Division, then under the 4th American Army Corps, was ordered to attack the center of the south side of the San Mihiel Salient and was assigned to the defense of the Essey-Pannes Sector until September 30, when it was relieved by the 89th Division. ","On October 11-12, 1918, the Rainbow Division relieved the 1st Division on the Verdun front.  In order to break the 2nd German line of defense, the hill called The Cote de Chatillon had to be taken.  From October 13-16, Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur commanded the 84th Infantry Division to the successful capture of Hill 288 (a strongly fortified point on the Kreimhilde Stellung), the Tuilerie Ferme, and the Cote de Chatillon (beyond the enemy's strong line of resistance). ","The next attack took place November 1, 1918.  The 42nd Division provided machine gun fire for the advancement of the 2nd and 89th Divisions.  After this victory, and as a result of divisional rivalry (and a difference in opinion as to the exact nature of a memorandum), the 42nd and the 1st Divisions (of the First American Army Corps and the 5th American Army Corps respectively) 'raced' for the glory of partaking in the (potential) final engagement of the war, in Sedan.  On November 6-7, the Rainbow, the 4th French Army, and the 1st and 77th American Divisions, fought south of the Meuse (south of Sedan).  The fighting ended when the enemy requested an armistice on November 9, 1918.  The 42nd Division backed off and was able to claim that the Americans who got closest to Sedan were members of the 166th Infantry of the 83rd Infantry Brigade.  The armistice was signed two days later. ","The 42nd Division remained in France and occupied Germany until May 1, 1919, when the last unit arrived home. Less than two weeks later, the last Brigade was demobilized. ","The MacArthur collection contains 885 letters, documents, photographs, and published works dating from March 23, 1885, to July 5, 1983. The bulk of the material (710 items) consists of military documents and manuscript notes from September 8, 1917 to January 27, 1919.  ","The military materials include general orders, field orders, field messages, memoranda, intelligence, and communications, related to the U.S. 42nd Division (The Rainbow Division), A.E.F., founded in 1917.  The majority of the collection falls during the period of time from late 1917 to early August 1918, when Douglas MacArthur was Chief of Staff for the 42nd Division.  Documents from military units that fought alongside the 42nd Division (both French and American), the U.S. Chemical Warfare, and the Intelligence Divisions -- as well as various German, French, and American communications -- are included.  Organizational documents, such as training schedules, and march tables, are also present.  A considerable number, if not all, of these materials must have been approved or viewed by MacArthur, and many of the items in this collection bear his initials or the initials of his information assistant, William Hughes, Jr.  From early August 1918 until the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918, MacArthur acted as the commanding officer for the 84th Infantry Brigade, and several military orders bear his name. ","Seventy-six letters in the collection (located in Box 1) are either from Douglas MacArthur or pertain in some way to him.  Six of these items, dated 1904, pertain to MacArthur and Florence Adams, whom he met in the Philippines, including a 46-page diary MacArthur wrote to Adams while he was on board a ship from Manila to the United States.  Five letters, dated 1921 and 1925, are written by MacArthur to Louise Brooks who became Mrs. Douglas MacArthur in 1922.  These letters contain both romantic content as well as personal reflections on the events in MacArthur's life at the time.  Also included are nine letters from MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr., dated 1921-1934.  The remainder of the correspondence is a miscellaneous collection of letters written by Douglas MacArthur, Jean MacArthur, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Harry S. Truman, and others.","The Douglas MacArthur collection also contains a notebook kept by Kenneth A. Sutherland, veteran of the 42nd Division, which contains a selection of items related to the Division's post-war activities and reunions; 40 aerial photographs and negatives taken by the 91st Reconnaissance Squadron, October 10, 1918; several photographs of Douglas MacArthur; thirteen published works by or about the General; and other miscellaneous materials.","The Douglas MacArthur collection is made up of military documents related to General Douglas MacArthur and the 42nd (Rainbow) Division during the first World War, and miscellaneous letters, documents, photographs, published works, and one diary illuminating various aspects of the General's public career and personal life.","William L. Clements Library , University of Michigan","United States. Army--Artillery.","United States. Army--Artillery--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Communication Systems.","United States. Army--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Equipment.","United States. Army--Field Service.","United States. Army--History.","United States. Army--Information Services.","United States. Army--Medals, Badges, Decorations, etc.","United States. Army--Organization.","United States. Army--Records and Correspondence.","United States. Army--Safety Measures.","United States. Army--Sanitary Affairs.","United States. Army. Infantry Division, 42nd.","Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)","Brooks, Louise Cromwell.","Fish, Hamilton, 1849-1936.","Adams, Florence.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969.","Granara, J. Ralph.","Hughes, William.","Hunt, Haroldson L.","Kean, Robert Winthrop.","Luhrs, H. Ernst.","MacArthur, Arthur, 1845-1912.","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964.","MacArthur, Jean Faircloth.","Mark, Clark.","Menoher, Charles Thomas, 1862-1930 ","Rhodes, Weldon E.","Sutherland, Kenneth A.","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972.","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["wclmss001314"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"collection_title_tesim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"collection_ssim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. William L. Clements Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. William L. Clements Library"],"creator_ssm":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)"],"creator_ssim":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)"],"creators_ssim":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)"],"acqinfo_ssim":[" Donated by D. N. Diedrich, 1987-2013.   M-2370 et al ."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Aisne, Battle of the, France, 1918.","Argonne, Battle of the, 1918.","Chateau-Thierry, Battle of, 1918.","Chemical Warfare.","Chemical Warfare--Safety Measures.","Chemical Weapons.","Communications, Military.","Gases, Asphyxiating and Poisonous--War Use.","Marne, 2nd Battle of the, France, 1918.","Military Assistance, French.","Military Intelligence.","Military Reconnaissance.","Saint-Mihiel (France), Battle of, 1918.","Signals and Signaling.","United States. Army.","United States--History--1913-1921.","World War, 1914-1918.","World War, 1914-1918--Aerial Operations.","World War, 1914-1918--Campaigns-France.","Books.","Diaries.","Diaries.","Letters (correspondence)","Newspapers.","Orders (military records)","Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Aisne, Battle of the, France, 1918.","Argonne, Battle of the, 1918.","Chateau-Thierry, Battle of, 1918.","Chemical Warfare.","Chemical Warfare--Safety Measures.","Chemical Weapons.","Communications, Military.","Gases, Asphyxiating and Poisonous--War Use.","Marne, 2nd Battle of the, France, 1918.","Military Assistance, French.","Military Intelligence.","Military Reconnaissance.","Saint-Mihiel (France), Battle of, 1918.","Signals and Signaling.","United States. Army.","United States--History--1913-1921.","World War, 1914-1918.","World War, 1914-1918--Aerial Operations.","World War, 1914-1918--Campaigns-France.","Books.","Diaries.","Diaries.","Letters (correspondence)","Newspapers.","Orders (military records)","Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["885 items"],"extent_tesim":["885 items"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003clist\u003e\n            \u003chead\u003eThe Douglas MacArthur collection has been organized into four series.  Within these series, the papers are separated into distinct sub-series groups.\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003citem\u003eSeries I: Correspondence and diaries\u003clist\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series I: Letters and diary to Florence Adams (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series II: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell (Brooks) MacArthur (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series III: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr. (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series IV: Miscellaneous letters and documents pertaining to Douglas MacArthur (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n               \u003c/list\u003e\n            \u003c/item\u003e\n            \u003citem\u003eSeries II: Papers related to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division\u003clist\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series I: Military documents to the 42nd Division from external military units (Boxes 1-2)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series II: Military documents from the 42nd Division to various military units (Boxes 2-4)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series III: Internal military documents from and to various military units in the 42nd Division. (Box 5)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series IV: Kenneth A. Sutherland Notebook. (Box 6)\u003c/item\u003e\n               \u003c/list\u003e\n            \u003c/item\u003e\n            \u003citem\u003eSeries III: Photographs and miscellaneous papers pertaining to Douglas MacArthur\u003clist\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series I: Aerial photographs and negatives, 91st Reconnaissance Squadron. (Box 7)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series II: Miscellaneous photographs and papers. (Box 8)\u003c/item\u003e\n               \u003c/list\u003e\n            \u003c/item\u003e\n            \u003citem\u003eSeries IV:  Published works.\u003c/item\u003e\n         \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Douglas MacArthur collection has been organized into four series.  Within these series, the papers are separated into distinct sub-series groups. Series I: Correspondence and diaries Sub-series I: Letters and diary to Florence Adams (Box 1) Sub-series II: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell (Brooks) MacArthur (Box 1) Sub-series III: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr. (Box 1) Sub-series IV: Miscellaneous letters and documents pertaining to Douglas MacArthur (Box 1) Series II: Papers related to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division Sub-series I: Military documents to the 42nd Division from external military units (Boxes 1-2) Sub-series II: Military documents from the 42nd Division to various military units (Boxes 2-4) Sub-series III: Internal military documents from and to various military units in the 42nd Division. (Box 5) Sub-series IV: Kenneth A. Sutherland Notebook. (Box 6) Series III: Photographs and miscellaneous papers pertaining to Douglas MacArthur Sub-series I: Aerial photographs and negatives, 91st Reconnaissance Squadron. (Box 7) Sub-series II: Miscellaneous photographs and papers. (Box 8) Series IV:  Published works."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\n            \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\n               \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eDouglas MacArthur\u003c/emph\u003e\n            \u003c/emph\u003e\n         \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDouglas MacArthur was born on January 26, 1880, the youngest child of (Capt.) Arthur MacArthur (1845-1912) and Mary Pinkney Hardy (1852-1935). His siblings were Arthur (1876-1923), and Malcolm (1878-1883), who died before his seventh birthday. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDouglas MacArthur graduated from West Texas Military Academy in 1897 as valedictorian and two years later entered West Point.  In 1903 he graduated as First Captain, West Point's highest honor.  In September 1903, he joined the 3rd Battalion Engineers in San Francisco, and almost immediately was sent to Manila, Philippines. The next year he was promoted to First Lieutenant, and in 1906 returned to the United States.  After being made Captain of Engineers at Leavenworth in 1911, MacArthur was assigned to Vera Cruz to report information to the War Department.  While serving as military aide to the Secretary of War in 1916, he conceived the idea of expanding the existing National Guard through volunteer enlistment and turned into combat divisions - an idea that would be used for the formation of the 42nd Division. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1917, MacArthur was appointed Colonel and Chief of Staff of the 42nd (Rainbow) Division.  As Commander of the 84th Infantry Brigade, he led his troops during the vitally important Argonne Campaign in the last months of the war.  In 1919, the 42nd Division returned to the United States, and MacArthur accepted an appointment as Superintendent of West Point.  While there, he became permanent Brigadier General.  MacArthur married Louise Cromwell Brooks in 1922, the year he was posted to command the Philippine Division, but they divorced seven years later. In November 1929, MacArthur was promoted to General and chosen as the man to replace General Summerall as the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army.  In 1937, MacArthur married a second time - to Jean Marie Faircloth, and they had a son, Arthur, a year later. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn December 1941, the Japanese Army attacked and defeated MacArthur's Philippine Army on the Bataan Peninsula.  The following March, MacArthur was ordered from the Philippines to command the Allied troops with Thomas Blamey.  For six months, MacArthur concentrated on the defense of New Guinea, which led to an ambitious counter-attack in January and February 1943.  On the day the Japanese surrendered, MacArthur was appointed Supreme Commander of Allied Powers. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMacArthur remained in occupied Japan until 1950, orchestrating the reformation of the post-war country.  On the 29th of June, 1950, MacArthur went to South Korea with American forces to assess the situation after North Korea's invasion of South Korea.  This assessment led to Truman's commitment of U.S. troops to a ground war in Korea.  The North Koreans abandoned Seoul on September 28, 1950, after MacArthur's successful military plan to attack through Inchon.  As a result of the success of this campaign, China decided to enter the Korean War.  MacArthur was ordered by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Secretary of Defense, in conjunction with a U.N. resolution, to proceed north of the 38th parallel.  Chinese troops attacked, leading to the withdrawal of MacArthur's troops back south of the 38th.  By this time, MacArthur had disobeyed the military order to employ only Korean forces in the frontier provinces.  On the 24th of March, MacArthur issued a lengthy communiqué complaining about the restrictions on his forces and taunted the enemy for their lack of industrial power and inability to maintain even moderate air and naval power. This pronouncement and his previous insubordination caused President Truman to relieve MacArthur of his command. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn April 1951, General Douglas MacArthur returned to San Francisco to thousands of cheering citizens.  On April 19 he presented his case regarding his relief of command to a joint session of congress.  During his remaining years, MacArthur traveled throughout the United States to make speeches, in which he often denounced communists and socialists, and spoke of corrupt administration and heavy taxation. At the age of 84, on April 5, 1964, Douglas MacArthur died in a hospital in Washington.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n            \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\n               \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eThe 42nd (Rainbow) Division\u003c/emph\u003e\n            \u003c/emph\u003e\n         \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Rainbow Division was created in 1917 as a composite division of members of the Regular Army and the National Guard solely for use in the war in Europe.  The 42nd arrived in Europe in 1917 as the war was entering a new phase: Russia had dropped out of the war, America was joining the war, and Germany was racing to provide tremendous reinforcement before the American forces arrived. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn February 1918 the 42nd Division, part of the First U.S. Army Corps, was ordered to the Luneville area for a month of training with French units from the 7th French Army Corps.  While there, the Rainbow Division distinguished itself as \"a first class combat Division.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first assignment for the 42nd was to relieve the 128th French Infantry Division from the Baccarat Sector.  In the war, this was the first time an American Division held a Sector on its own.  The Division successfully held the Baccarat Sector until relief orders were sent on June 16, 1918.  Two weeks later, the 42nd Division went to the front at the Battle of Champagne alongside the 21st French Army Corps.  After an attack by the Germans on the fifteenth of July, the 42nd assisted in the Champagne defense until the end of the battle (July 18).  The Sixth French Army Corps was given the Rainbow Division to pursue the supposedly retreating enemy at the Battle of the Ourcq from July 25-July 27, 1918. From July 28-August 1st, the Allies captured strongpoints of the German position.  August 2-August 3rd, the 42nd Division assisted in pursuing the enemy until relieved by the 4th Regular Division. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the Battle of the Ourcq, Douglas MacArthur was given command of the 84th Infantry Brigade (William Hughes, Jr., replaced him as Chief of Staff, 42nd Division).  In September, the Rainbow Division, then under the 4th American Army Corps, was ordered to attack the center of the south side of the San Mihiel Salient and was assigned to the defense of the Essey-Pannes Sector until September 30, when it was relieved by the 89th Division. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn October 11-12, 1918, the Rainbow Division relieved the 1st Division on the Verdun front.  In order to break the 2nd German line of defense, the hill called The Cote de Chatillon had to be taken.  From October 13-16, Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur commanded the 84th Infantry Division to the successful capture of Hill 288 (a strongly fortified point on the Kreimhilde Stellung), the Tuilerie Ferme, and the Cote de Chatillon (beyond the enemy's strong line of resistance). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe next attack took place November 1, 1918.  The 42nd Division provided machine gun fire for the advancement of the 2nd and 89th Divisions.  After this victory, and as a result of divisional rivalry (and a difference in opinion as to the exact nature of a memorandum), the 42nd and the 1st Divisions (of the First American Army Corps and the 5th American Army Corps respectively) 'raced' for the glory of partaking in the (potential) final engagement of the war, in Sedan.  On November 6-7, the Rainbow, the 4th French Army, and the 1st and 77th American Divisions, fought south of the Meuse (south of Sedan).  The fighting ended when the enemy requested an armistice on November 9, 1918.  The 42nd Division backed off and was able to claim that the Americans who got closest to Sedan were members of the 166th Infantry of the 83rd Infantry Brigade.  The armistice was signed two days later. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 42nd Division remained in France and occupied Germany until May 1, 1919, when the last unit arrived home. Less than two weeks later, the last Brigade was demobilized. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biography"],"bioghist_tesim":["Douglas MacArthur","Douglas MacArthur was born on January 26, 1880, the youngest child of (Capt.) Arthur MacArthur (1845-1912) and Mary Pinkney Hardy (1852-1935). His siblings were Arthur (1876-1923), and Malcolm (1878-1883), who died before his seventh birthday. ","Douglas MacArthur graduated from West Texas Military Academy in 1897 as valedictorian and two years later entered West Point.  In 1903 he graduated as First Captain, West Point's highest honor.  In September 1903, he joined the 3rd Battalion Engineers in San Francisco, and almost immediately was sent to Manila, Philippines. The next year he was promoted to First Lieutenant, and in 1906 returned to the United States.  After being made Captain of Engineers at Leavenworth in 1911, MacArthur was assigned to Vera Cruz to report information to the War Department.  While serving as military aide to the Secretary of War in 1916, he conceived the idea of expanding the existing National Guard through volunteer enlistment and turned into combat divisions - an idea that would be used for the formation of the 42nd Division. ","In 1917, MacArthur was appointed Colonel and Chief of Staff of the 42nd (Rainbow) Division.  As Commander of the 84th Infantry Brigade, he led his troops during the vitally important Argonne Campaign in the last months of the war.  In 1919, the 42nd Division returned to the United States, and MacArthur accepted an appointment as Superintendent of West Point.  While there, he became permanent Brigadier General.  MacArthur married Louise Cromwell Brooks in 1922, the year he was posted to command the Philippine Division, but they divorced seven years later. In November 1929, MacArthur was promoted to General and chosen as the man to replace General Summerall as the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army.  In 1937, MacArthur married a second time - to Jean Marie Faircloth, and they had a son, Arthur, a year later. ","In December 1941, the Japanese Army attacked and defeated MacArthur's Philippine Army on the Bataan Peninsula.  The following March, MacArthur was ordered from the Philippines to command the Allied troops with Thomas Blamey.  For six months, MacArthur concentrated on the defense of New Guinea, which led to an ambitious counter-attack in January and February 1943.  On the day the Japanese surrendered, MacArthur was appointed Supreme Commander of Allied Powers. ","MacArthur remained in occupied Japan until 1950, orchestrating the reformation of the post-war country.  On the 29th of June, 1950, MacArthur went to South Korea with American forces to assess the situation after North Korea's invasion of South Korea.  This assessment led to Truman's commitment of U.S. troops to a ground war in Korea.  The North Koreans abandoned Seoul on September 28, 1950, after MacArthur's successful military plan to attack through Inchon.  As a result of the success of this campaign, China decided to enter the Korean War.  MacArthur was ordered by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Secretary of Defense, in conjunction with a U.N. resolution, to proceed north of the 38th parallel.  Chinese troops attacked, leading to the withdrawal of MacArthur's troops back south of the 38th.  By this time, MacArthur had disobeyed the military order to employ only Korean forces in the frontier provinces.  On the 24th of March, MacArthur issued a lengthy communiqué complaining about the restrictions on his forces and taunted the enemy for their lack of industrial power and inability to maintain even moderate air and naval power. This pronouncement and his previous insubordination caused President Truman to relieve MacArthur of his command. ","In April 1951, General Douglas MacArthur returned to San Francisco to thousands of cheering citizens.  On April 19 he presented his case regarding his relief of command to a joint session of congress.  During his remaining years, MacArthur traveled throughout the United States to make speeches, in which he often denounced communists and socialists, and spoke of corrupt administration and heavy taxation. At the age of 84, on April 5, 1964, Douglas MacArthur died in a hospital in Washington.","The 42nd (Rainbow) Division","The Rainbow Division was created in 1917 as a composite division of members of the Regular Army and the National Guard solely for use in the war in Europe.  The 42nd arrived in Europe in 1917 as the war was entering a new phase: Russia had dropped out of the war, America was joining the war, and Germany was racing to provide tremendous reinforcement before the American forces arrived. ","In February 1918 the 42nd Division, part of the First U.S. Army Corps, was ordered to the Luneville area for a month of training with French units from the 7th French Army Corps.  While there, the Rainbow Division distinguished itself as \"a first class combat Division.\" ","The first assignment for the 42nd was to relieve the 128th French Infantry Division from the Baccarat Sector.  In the war, this was the first time an American Division held a Sector on its own.  The Division successfully held the Baccarat Sector until relief orders were sent on June 16, 1918.  Two weeks later, the 42nd Division went to the front at the Battle of Champagne alongside the 21st French Army Corps.  After an attack by the Germans on the fifteenth of July, the 42nd assisted in the Champagne defense until the end of the battle (July 18).  The Sixth French Army Corps was given the Rainbow Division to pursue the supposedly retreating enemy at the Battle of the Ourcq from July 25-July 27, 1918. From July 28-August 1st, the Allies captured strongpoints of the German position.  August 2-August 3rd, the 42nd Division assisted in pursuing the enemy until relieved by the 4th Regular Division. ","After the Battle of the Ourcq, Douglas MacArthur was given command of the 84th Infantry Brigade (William Hughes, Jr., replaced him as Chief of Staff, 42nd Division).  In September, the Rainbow Division, then under the 4th American Army Corps, was ordered to attack the center of the south side of the San Mihiel Salient and was assigned to the defense of the Essey-Pannes Sector until September 30, when it was relieved by the 89th Division. ","On October 11-12, 1918, the Rainbow Division relieved the 1st Division on the Verdun front.  In order to break the 2nd German line of defense, the hill called The Cote de Chatillon had to be taken.  From October 13-16, Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur commanded the 84th Infantry Division to the successful capture of Hill 288 (a strongly fortified point on the Kreimhilde Stellung), the Tuilerie Ferme, and the Cote de Chatillon (beyond the enemy's strong line of resistance). ","The next attack took place November 1, 1918.  The 42nd Division provided machine gun fire for the advancement of the 2nd and 89th Divisions.  After this victory, and as a result of divisional rivalry (and a difference in opinion as to the exact nature of a memorandum), the 42nd and the 1st Divisions (of the First American Army Corps and the 5th American Army Corps respectively) 'raced' for the glory of partaking in the (potential) final engagement of the war, in Sedan.  On November 6-7, the Rainbow, the 4th French Army, and the 1st and 77th American Divisions, fought south of the Meuse (south of Sedan).  The fighting ended when the enemy requested an armistice on November 9, 1918.  The 42nd Division backed off and was able to claim that the Americans who got closest to Sedan were members of the 166th Infantry of the 83rd Infantry Brigade.  The armistice was signed two days later. ","The 42nd Division remained in France and occupied Germany until May 1, 1919, when the last unit arrived home. Less than two weeks later, the last Brigade was demobilized. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe MacArthur collection contains 885 letters, documents, photographs, and published works dating from March 23, 1885, to July 5, 1983. The bulk of the material (710 items) consists of military documents and manuscript notes from September 8, 1917 to January 27, 1919.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe military materials include general orders, field orders, field messages, memoranda, intelligence, and communications, related to the U.S. 42nd Division (The Rainbow Division), A.E.F., founded in 1917.  The majority of the collection falls during the period of time from late 1917 to early August 1918, when Douglas MacArthur was Chief of Staff for the 42nd Division.  Documents from military units that fought alongside the 42nd Division (both French and American), the U.S. Chemical Warfare, and the Intelligence Divisions -- as well as various German, French, and American communications -- are included.  Organizational documents, such as training schedules, and march tables, are also present.  A considerable number, if not all, of these materials must have been approved or viewed by MacArthur, and many of the items in this collection bear his initials or the initials of his information assistant, William Hughes, Jr.  From early August 1918 until the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918, MacArthur acted as the commanding officer for the 84th Infantry Brigade, and several military orders bear his name. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeventy-six letters in the collection (located in Box 1) are either from Douglas MacArthur or pertain in some way to him.  Six of these items, dated 1904, pertain to MacArthur and Florence Adams, whom he met in the Philippines, including a 46-page diary MacArthur wrote to Adams while he was on board a ship from Manila to the United States.  Five letters, dated 1921 and 1925, are written by MacArthur to Louise Brooks who became Mrs. Douglas MacArthur in 1922.  These letters contain both romantic content as well as personal reflections on the events in MacArthur's life at the time.  Also included are nine letters from MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr., dated 1921-1934.  The remainder of the correspondence is a miscellaneous collection of letters written by Douglas MacArthur, Jean MacArthur, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Harry S. Truman, and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Douglas MacArthur collection also contains a notebook kept by Kenneth A. Sutherland, veteran of the 42nd Division, which contains a selection of items related to the Division's post-war activities and reunions; 40 aerial photographs and negatives taken by the 91st Reconnaissance Squadron, October 10, 1918; several photographs of Douglas MacArthur; thirteen published works by or about the General; and other miscellaneous materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The MacArthur collection contains 885 letters, documents, photographs, and published works dating from March 23, 1885, to July 5, 1983. The bulk of the material (710 items) consists of military documents and manuscript notes from September 8, 1917 to January 27, 1919.  ","The military materials include general orders, field orders, field messages, memoranda, intelligence, and communications, related to the U.S. 42nd Division (The Rainbow Division), A.E.F., founded in 1917.  The majority of the collection falls during the period of time from late 1917 to early August 1918, when Douglas MacArthur was Chief of Staff for the 42nd Division.  Documents from military units that fought alongside the 42nd Division (both French and American), the U.S. Chemical Warfare, and the Intelligence Divisions -- as well as various German, French, and American communications -- are included.  Organizational documents, such as training schedules, and march tables, are also present.  A considerable number, if not all, of these materials must have been approved or viewed by MacArthur, and many of the items in this collection bear his initials or the initials of his information assistant, William Hughes, Jr.  From early August 1918 until the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918, MacArthur acted as the commanding officer for the 84th Infantry Brigade, and several military orders bear his name. ","Seventy-six letters in the collection (located in Box 1) are either from Douglas MacArthur or pertain in some way to him.  Six of these items, dated 1904, pertain to MacArthur and Florence Adams, whom he met in the Philippines, including a 46-page diary MacArthur wrote to Adams while he was on board a ship from Manila to the United States.  Five letters, dated 1921 and 1925, are written by MacArthur to Louise Brooks who became Mrs. Douglas MacArthur in 1922.  These letters contain both romantic content as well as personal reflections on the events in MacArthur's life at the time.  Also included are nine letters from MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr., dated 1921-1934.  The remainder of the correspondence is a miscellaneous collection of letters written by Douglas MacArthur, Jean MacArthur, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Harry S. Truman, and others.","The Douglas MacArthur collection also contains a notebook kept by Kenneth A. Sutherland, veteran of the 42nd Division, which contains a selection of items related to the Division's post-war activities and reunions; 40 aerial photographs and negatives taken by the 91st Reconnaissance Squadron, October 10, 1918; several photographs of Douglas MacArthur; thirteen published works by or about the General; and other miscellaneous materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract\u003eThe Douglas MacArthur collection is made up of military documents related to General Douglas MacArthur and the 42nd (Rainbow) Division during the first World War, and miscellaneous letters, documents, photographs, published works, and one diary illuminating various aspects of the General's public career and personal life.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Douglas MacArthur collection is made up of military documents related to General Douglas MacArthur and the 42nd (Rainbow) Division during the first World War, and miscellaneous letters, documents, photographs, published works, and one diary illuminating various aspects of the General's public career and personal life."],"names_ssim":["William L. Clements Library , University of Michigan","United States. Army--Artillery.","United States. Army--Artillery--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Communication Systems.","United States. Army--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Equipment.","United States. Army--Field Service.","United States. Army--History.","United States. Army--Information Services.","United States. Army--Medals, Badges, Decorations, etc.","United States. Army--Organization.","United States. Army--Records and Correspondence.","United States. Army--Safety Measures.","United States. Army--Sanitary Affairs.","United States. Army. Infantry Division, 42nd.","Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)","Brooks, Louise Cromwell.","Fish, Hamilton, 1849-1936.","Adams, Florence.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969.","Granara, J. Ralph.","Hughes, William.","Hunt, Haroldson L.","Kean, Robert Winthrop.","Luhrs, H. Ernst.","MacArthur, Arthur, 1845-1912.","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964.","MacArthur, Jean Faircloth.","Mark, Clark.","Menoher, Charles Thomas, 1862-1930 ","Rhodes, Weldon E.","Sutherland, Kenneth A.","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972."],"corpname_ssim":["William L. Clements Library , University of Michigan","United States. Army--Artillery.","United States. Army--Artillery--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Communication Systems.","United States. Army--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Equipment.","United States. Army--Field Service.","United States. Army--History.","United States. Army--Information Services.","United States. Army--Medals, Badges, Decorations, etc.","United States. Army--Organization.","United States. Army--Records and Correspondence.","United States. Army--Safety Measures.","United States. Army--Sanitary Affairs.","United States. Army. Infantry Division, 42nd."],"persname_ssim":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)","Brooks, Louise Cromwell.","Fish, Hamilton, 1849-1936.","Adams, Florence.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969.","Granara, J. Ralph.","Hughes, William.","Hunt, Haroldson L.","Kean, Robert Winthrop.","Luhrs, H. Ernst.","MacArthur, Arthur, 1845-1912.","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964.","MacArthur, Jean Faircloth.","Mark, Clark.","Menoher, Charles Thomas, 1862-1930 ","Rhodes, Weldon E.","Sutherland, Kenneth A.","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972."],"language_ssim":["The material is in  English"],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":154,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:25:17.168Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_54b06e5ad77cab05ec7f6beeaca50022c47d9c7b"}},{"id":"2013C4-xml_ref43","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Letters between Hong Kong and California 年审前预备会议之后的香港和加州两地的通信摘要, 1961-1962","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/2013C4-xml_ref43#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"ref43","ref_ssm":["ref43","ref43"],"id":"2013C4-xml_ref43","title_filing_ssi":"Letters between Hong Kong and California 年审前预备会议之后的香港和加州两地的通信摘要,","title_ssm":["Letters between Hong Kong and California 年审前预备会议之后的香港和加州两地的通信摘要,"],"title_tesim":["Letters between Hong Kong and California 年审前预备会议之后的香港和加州两地的通信摘要,"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1961-1962"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1961-1962"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letters between Hong Kong and California 年审前预备会议之后的香港和加州两地的通信摘要, 1961-1962"],"text":["Letters between Hong Kong and California 年审前预备会议之后的香港和加州两地的通信摘要, 1961-1962","Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009","Documents for pretrial and trial on factory ownership in Hong Kong 有關香港工廠所有權問題的开庭相关文件, 1952-1963","Box-folder 4:14"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["2013C4-xml","ref34"],"parent_ssi":"ref34","parent_ids_ssim":["2013C4-xml","2013C4-xml_ref34"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009","Documents for pretrial and trial on factory ownership in Hong Kong 有關香港工廠所有權問題的开庭相关文件, 1952-1963"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009","Documents for pretrial and trial on factory ownership in Hong Kong 有關香港工廠所有權問題的开庭相关文件, 1952-1963"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":33,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research.","The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to \n                copies of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives."],"containers_ssim":["Box-folder 4:14"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#8","_nest_parent_":"2013C4-xml_ref34","_root_":"2013C4-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:00:35.990Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"2013C4-xml","title_filing_ssi":"Song Feiqing papers","title_ssm":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers"],"title_tesim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers"],"ead_ssi":"2013C4.xml","unitdate_ssm":["1926-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1926-2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2013C4"],"text":["2013C4","Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009","Business enterprises--China--Hong Kong.","Business enterprises--China.","The collection is open for research.","The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to \n                 copies  of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible.","Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at \n                 http://searchworks.stanford.edu/ . Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid.","Born in 1898, the Chinese businessman Song Feiqing is best known for his role in modern China's industrialization and promoting the spirit of entrepreneurship in China. \n                Born into a Christian family in Shandong Province, in the early 1920s Song went to Chicago to study business management at Northwestern University. \n                In 1925, he returned to China and spent the next several years working in his father's business in Tianjin. \n                Seeing that China's industry was lacking entrepreneurship, especially in the textile market where foreign countries were profiting at China's expense, in 1932 Song established the Oriental Corporation (Dongya) in Tianjin. \n                That corporation became China's first textile company to use Chinese wool to produce its yarn and to sell its products both domestically and internationally. \n                By the 1940s, the corporation had become the largest yarn production company in China, having garnered more than 80 percent of the domestic Chinese market.","Song's entrepreneurship transformed the business environment in modern China. \n                In addition, Song brought his religious beliefs into his management style and enterprise culture, as well as forming a social communication network that relied on the Christian spirit to serve his entrepreneurial purposes. \n                After the Chinese Communists won the civil war and established the People's Republic in 1949, Song struggled to keep his enterprises intact but was unable to do so. \n                In 1950, he moved his company to Hong Kong and later immigrated to Argentina. He died in Buenos Aires in 1955.","The papers of Song Feiqing include correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to the operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and then in Hong Kong, including what part Christian beliefs played in Song's management practices. The papers also provide a rare glimpse into the formation of industrialization and entrepreneurship in China’s recent past.","For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives.","Correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and subsequently in Hong Kong.","Hoover Institution Archives","Hoover Institution Archives","Oriental Corporation.","Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955.","Chinese  and  English"],"unitid_tesim":["2013C4"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1926-2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"collection_title_tesim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"collection_ssim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"repository_ssm":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"creator_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"creators_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"access_terms_ssm":["For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials were acquired by the Hoover Institution Archives in 2013."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Business enterprises--China--Hong Kong.","Business enterprises--China."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Business enterprises--China--Hong Kong.","Business enterprises--China."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8 manuscript boxes, 1 motion picture film reel (4 linear feet)"],"extent_tesim":["8 manuscript boxes, 1 motion picture film reel (4 linear feet)"],"date_range_isim":[1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to \n                \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ecopies\u003c/emph\u003e of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research.","The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to \n                 copies  of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at \n                \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://searchworks.stanford.edu/\"\u003ehttp://searchworks.stanford.edu/\u003c/extref\u003e. Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at \n                 http://searchworks.stanford.edu/ . Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn in 1898, the Chinese businessman Song Feiqing is best known for his role in modern China's industrialization and promoting the spirit of entrepreneurship in China. \n                Born into a Christian family in Shandong Province, in the early 1920s Song went to Chicago to study business management at Northwestern University. \n                In 1925, he returned to China and spent the next several years working in his father's business in Tianjin. \n                Seeing that China's industry was lacking entrepreneurship, especially in the textile market where foreign countries were profiting at China's expense, in 1932 Song established the Oriental Corporation (Dongya) in Tianjin. \n                That corporation became China's first textile company to use Chinese wool to produce its yarn and to sell its products both domestically and internationally. \n                By the 1940s, the corporation had become the largest yarn production company in China, having garnered more than 80 percent of the domestic Chinese market.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSong's entrepreneurship transformed the business environment in modern China. \n                In addition, Song brought his religious beliefs into his management style and enterprise culture, as well as forming a social communication network that relied on the Christian spirit to serve his entrepreneurial purposes. \n                After the Chinese Communists won the civil war and established the People's Republic in 1949, Song struggled to keep his enterprises intact but was unable to do so. \n                In 1950, he moved his company to Hong Kong and later immigrated to Argentina. He died in Buenos Aires in 1955.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in 1898, the Chinese businessman Song Feiqing is best known for his role in modern China's industrialization and promoting the spirit of entrepreneurship in China. \n                Born into a Christian family in Shandong Province, in the early 1920s Song went to Chicago to study business management at Northwestern University. \n                In 1925, he returned to China and spent the next several years working in his father's business in Tianjin. \n                Seeing that China's industry was lacking entrepreneurship, especially in the textile market where foreign countries were profiting at China's expense, in 1932 Song established the Oriental Corporation (Dongya) in Tianjin. \n                That corporation became China's first textile company to use Chinese wool to produce its yarn and to sell its products both domestically and internationally. \n                By the 1940s, the corporation had become the largest yarn production company in China, having garnered more than 80 percent of the domestic Chinese market.","Song's entrepreneurship transformed the business environment in modern China. \n                In addition, Song brought his religious beliefs into his management style and enterprise culture, as well as forming a social communication network that relied on the Christian spirit to serve his entrepreneurial purposes. \n                After the Chinese Communists won the civil war and established the People's Republic in 1949, Song struggled to keep his enterprises intact but was unable to do so. \n                In 1950, he moved his company to Hong Kong and later immigrated to Argentina. He died in Buenos Aires in 1955."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Song Feiqing papers, [Box no.], Hoover Institution Archives\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Song Feiqing papers, [Box no.], Hoover Institution Archives"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Song Feiqing include correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to the operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and then in Hong Kong, including what part Christian beliefs played in Song's management practices. The papers also provide a rare glimpse into the formation of industrialization and entrepreneurship in China’s recent past.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content of Collection"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Song Feiqing include correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to the operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and then in Hong Kong, including what part Christian beliefs played in Song's management practices. The papers also provide a rare glimpse into the formation of industrialization and entrepreneurship in China’s recent past."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication Rights"],"userestrict_tesim":["For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"ref2\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCorrespondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and subsequently in Hong Kong.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and subsequently in Hong Kong."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"ref3\" label=\"Physical Location\"\u003eHoover Institution Archives\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Oriental Corporation."],"names_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives","Oriental Corporation.","Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"corpname_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives","Oriental Corporation."],"persname_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"language_ssim":["Chinese  and  English"],"total_component_count_is":68,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"2013C4-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:00:35.990Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/2013C4-xml_ref43"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-0047_aspace_e2805df6f12b2cd7f5fa02c74174d2d3","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Letters, cards, postcards, 1989-2000","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-0047_aspace_e2805df6f12b2cd7f5fa02c74174d2d3#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_e2805df6f12b2cd7f5fa02c74174d2d3","ref_ssm":["aspace_e2805df6f12b2cd7f5fa02c74174d2d3","aspace_e2805df6f12b2cd7f5fa02c74174d2d3"],"id":"umich-bhl-0047_aspace_e2805df6f12b2cd7f5fa02c74174d2d3","title_filing_ssi":"Letters, cards, postcards","title_ssm":["Letters, cards, postcards"],"title_tesim":["Letters, cards, postcards"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1989-2000"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1989-2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letters, cards, postcards, 1989-2000"],"text":["Letters, cards, postcards, 1989-2000","Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000","Papers, Correspondence, and Events","Correspondence","box 1"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-0047","aspace_336d22eb22bf889fec665a72c9552068","aspace_67a4e665d06796c06e893070be305c0c"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_67a4e665d06796c06e893070be305c0c","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-0047","umich-bhl-0047_aspace_336d22eb22bf889fec665a72c9552068","umich-bhl-0047_aspace_67a4e665d06796c06e893070be305c0c"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000","Papers, Correspondence, and Events","Correspondence"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000","Papers, Correspondence, and Events","Correspondence"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","File"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":5,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"date_range_isim":[1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"containers_ssim":["box 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#2/components#0","_nest_parent_":"umich-bhl-0047_aspace_67a4e665d06796c06e893070be305c0c","_root_":"umich-bhl-0047","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:06.070Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-0047","title_ssm":["Ruth Ellis papers"],"title_tesim":["Ruth Ellis papers"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-0047","unitdate_ssm":["1910-2000","1997-2000"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1997-2000"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1910-2000"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0047 Aa 2 Ac"],"text":["0047 Aa 2 Ac","Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000","Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Printers.","Printing press.","Photographs.","The collection is open to research.","No further additions to the papers are expected.","Digitization:  The Library has undertaken the digitization of a number of sound recordings within this collection. The resulting audio files are available for playback only in the Bentley Library Reading Room. Links to item images and additional information are available within this finding aid. Original sound recordings are only available for staff use.","Ruth Ellis was born on July 23, 1899 in Springfield Illinois, the youngest of four children born to Charles and Carrie Ellis. After the death of her mother, Ellis and her brothers were raised by her father. At age 37, she moved to Detroit and was soon joined by her partner, Cicilene \"Babe\" Franklin also of Springfield. The couple stayed together for more than thirty years, during which time they bought a home on Oakland Avenue and opened a small print shop, the Ellis and Franklin Printing Company."," During the late 1930s and 1940s the Ellis/Franklin house served as a meeting place and temporary shelter for Gay men and Lesbians. Ms. Ellis ran the print shop until her retirement at age 65. She actively participated in the events of the Lesbian community nation-wide until her death in 2000 at the age of 101.","The Ruth Ellis collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications related to Ms. Ellis's life and her activities in the Gay and Lesbian community. The papers are arranged in the following series: Papers, Correspondence, and Events; Photographs; and Miscellaneous Materials.","Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Ruth Ellis of Detroit, Michigan was well known in the Gay community as the oldest known African American Lesbian. She was a business woman, owned a printing company, and held social gatherings at her home at a time when there were few opportunities for Gay African Americans to gather. During the last twenty years of her life she was active in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender community and in the Senior Citizens movement. The collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications.","Bentley Historical Library","Ellis family.","Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000","English","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["0047 Aa 2 Ac"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000"],"collection_ssim":["Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"creator_ssm":["Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"creator_ssim":["Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"creators_ssim":["Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Collection received from Ruth Ellis (donor no.  8774 ) in 2000."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Printers.","Printing press.","Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African Americans -- Michigan -- Detroit.","African American lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Lesbians -- Michigan -- Detroit.","Printers.","Printing press.","Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["2.5 linear feet","3.6 GB"],"extent_tesim":["2.5 linear feet","3.6 GB"],"physfacet_tesim":["online"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs."],"date_range_isim":[1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo further additions to the papers are expected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["No further additions to the papers are expected."],"altformavail_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"bold\"\u003eDigitization:\u003c/emph\u003e The Library has undertaken the digitization of a number of sound recordings within this collection. The resulting audio files are available for playback only in the Bentley Library Reading Room. Links to item images and additional information are available within this finding aid. Original sound recordings are only available for staff use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"altformavail_heading_ssm":["Existence and Location of Copies"],"altformavail_tesim":["Digitization:  The Library has undertaken the digitization of a number of sound recordings within this collection. The resulting audio files are available for playback only in the Bentley Library Reading Room. Links to item images and additional information are available within this finding aid. Original sound recordings are only available for staff use."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eRuth Ellis was born on July 23, 1899 in Springfield Illinois, the youngest of four children born to Charles and Carrie Ellis. After the death of her mother, Ellis and her brothers were raised by her father. At age 37, she moved to Detroit and was soon joined by her partner, Cicilene \"Babe\" Franklin also of Springfield. The couple stayed together for more than thirty years, during which time they bought a home on Oakland Avenue and opened a small print shop, the Ellis and Franklin Printing Company.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e During the late 1930s and 1940s the Ellis/Franklin house served as a meeting place and temporary shelter for Gay men and Lesbians. Ms. Ellis ran the print shop until her retirement at age 65. She actively participated in the events of the Lesbian community nation-wide until her death in 2000 at the age of 101.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Ruth Ellis was born on July 23, 1899 in Springfield Illinois, the youngest of four children born to Charles and Carrie Ellis. After the death of her mother, Ellis and her brothers were raised by her father. At age 37, she moved to Detroit and was soon joined by her partner, Cicilene \"Babe\" Franklin also of Springfield. The couple stayed together for more than thirty years, during which time they bought a home on Oakland Avenue and opened a small print shop, the Ellis and Franklin Printing Company."," During the late 1930s and 1940s the Ellis/Franklin house served as a meeting place and temporary shelter for Gay men and Lesbians. Ms. Ellis ran the print shop until her retirement at age 65. She actively participated in the events of the Lesbian community nation-wide until her death in 2000 at the age of 101."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item], folder, box, Ruth Ellis papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item], folder, box, Ruth Ellis papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Ruth Ellis collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications related to Ms. Ellis's life and her activities in the Gay and Lesbian community. The papers are arranged in the following series: Papers, Correspondence, and Events; Photographs; and Miscellaneous Materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Ruth Ellis collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications related to Ms. Ellis's life and her activities in the Gay and Lesbian community. The papers are arranged in the following series: Papers, Correspondence, and Events; Photographs; and Miscellaneous Materials."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_14322b7e892c746399263b939c268594\"\u003eRuth Ellis of Detroit, Michigan was well known in the Gay community as the oldest known African American Lesbian. She was a business woman, owned a printing company, and held social gatherings at her home at a time when there were few opportunities for Gay African Americans to gather. During the last twenty years of her life she was active in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender community and in the Senior Citizens movement. The collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Ruth Ellis of Detroit, Michigan was well known in the Gay community as the oldest known African American Lesbian. She was a business woman, owned a printing company, and held social gatherings at her home at a time when there were few opportunities for Gay African Americans to gather. During the last twenty years of her life she was active in the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender community and in the Senior Citizens movement. The collection contains correspondence, photographs, and publications."],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","Ellis family.","Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Ellis family.","Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000","Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"famname_ssim":["Ellis family."],"persname_ssim":["Ellis, Ruth, 1899-2000"],"language_ssim":["English","The material is in  English"],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":35,"online_item_count_is":2,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-0047","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:06.070Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-0047_aspace_e2805df6f12b2cd7f5fa02c74174d2d3"}},{"id":"2013C4-xml_ref38","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Letters exchanged with lawyer Alfredo Barry 与Alfredo Barry 律师的信件交流, 1955-1956","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/2013C4-xml_ref38#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"ref38","ref_ssm":["ref38","ref38"],"id":"2013C4-xml_ref38","title_filing_ssi":"Letters exchanged with lawyer Alfredo Barry 与Alfredo Barry 律师的信件交流,","title_ssm":["Letters exchanged with lawyer Alfredo Barry 与Alfredo Barry 律师的信件交流,"],"title_tesim":["Letters exchanged with lawyer Alfredo Barry 与Alfredo Barry 律师的信件交流,"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["1955-1956"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1955-1956"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letters exchanged with lawyer Alfredo Barry 与Alfredo Barry 律师的信件交流, 1955-1956"],"text":["Letters exchanged with lawyer Alfredo Barry 与Alfredo Barry 律师的信件交流, 1955-1956","Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009","Documents for pretrial and trial on factory ownership in Hong Kong 有關香港工廠所有權問題的开庭相关文件, 1952-1963","Box-folder 4:9"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["2013C4-xml","ref34"],"parent_ssi":"ref34","parent_ids_ssim":["2013C4-xml","2013C4-xml_ref34"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009","Documents for pretrial and trial on factory ownership in Hong Kong 有關香港工廠所有權問題的开庭相关文件, 1952-1963"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009","Documents for pretrial and trial on factory ownership in Hong Kong 有關香港工廠所有權問題的开庭相关文件, 1952-1963"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":28,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research.","The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to \n                copies of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives."],"containers_ssim":["Box-folder 4:9"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#3","_nest_parent_":"2013C4-xml_ref34","_root_":"2013C4-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:00:35.990Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"2013C4-xml","title_filing_ssi":"Song Feiqing papers","title_ssm":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers"],"title_tesim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers"],"ead_ssi":"2013C4.xml","unitdate_ssm":["1926-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1926-2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2013C4"],"text":["2013C4","Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009","Business enterprises--China--Hong Kong.","Business enterprises--China.","The collection is open for research.","The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to \n                 copies  of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible.","Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at \n                 http://searchworks.stanford.edu/ . Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid.","Born in 1898, the Chinese businessman Song Feiqing is best known for his role in modern China's industrialization and promoting the spirit of entrepreneurship in China. \n                Born into a Christian family in Shandong Province, in the early 1920s Song went to Chicago to study business management at Northwestern University. \n                In 1925, he returned to China and spent the next several years working in his father's business in Tianjin. \n                Seeing that China's industry was lacking entrepreneurship, especially in the textile market where foreign countries were profiting at China's expense, in 1932 Song established the Oriental Corporation (Dongya) in Tianjin. \n                That corporation became China's first textile company to use Chinese wool to produce its yarn and to sell its products both domestically and internationally. \n                By the 1940s, the corporation had become the largest yarn production company in China, having garnered more than 80 percent of the domestic Chinese market.","Song's entrepreneurship transformed the business environment in modern China. \n                In addition, Song brought his religious beliefs into his management style and enterprise culture, as well as forming a social communication network that relied on the Christian spirit to serve his entrepreneurial purposes. \n                After the Chinese Communists won the civil war and established the People's Republic in 1949, Song struggled to keep his enterprises intact but was unable to do so. \n                In 1950, he moved his company to Hong Kong and later immigrated to Argentina. He died in Buenos Aires in 1955.","The papers of Song Feiqing include correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to the operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and then in Hong Kong, including what part Christian beliefs played in Song's management practices. The papers also provide a rare glimpse into the formation of industrialization and entrepreneurship in China’s recent past.","For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives.","Correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and subsequently in Hong Kong.","Hoover Institution Archives","Hoover Institution Archives","Oriental Corporation.","Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955.","Chinese  and  English"],"unitid_tesim":["2013C4"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1926-2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"collection_title_tesim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"collection_ssim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"repository_ssm":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"creator_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"creators_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"access_terms_ssm":["For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials were acquired by the Hoover Institution Archives in 2013."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Business enterprises--China--Hong Kong.","Business enterprises--China."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Business enterprises--China--Hong Kong.","Business enterprises--China."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8 manuscript boxes, 1 motion picture film reel (4 linear feet)"],"extent_tesim":["8 manuscript boxes, 1 motion picture film reel (4 linear feet)"],"date_range_isim":[1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to \n                \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ecopies\u003c/emph\u003e of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research.","The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to \n                 copies  of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at \n                \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://searchworks.stanford.edu/\"\u003ehttp://searchworks.stanford.edu/\u003c/extref\u003e. Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at \n                 http://searchworks.stanford.edu/ . Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn in 1898, the Chinese businessman Song Feiqing is best known for his role in modern China's industrialization and promoting the spirit of entrepreneurship in China. \n                Born into a Christian family in Shandong Province, in the early 1920s Song went to Chicago to study business management at Northwestern University. \n                In 1925, he returned to China and spent the next several years working in his father's business in Tianjin. \n                Seeing that China's industry was lacking entrepreneurship, especially in the textile market where foreign countries were profiting at China's expense, in 1932 Song established the Oriental Corporation (Dongya) in Tianjin. \n                That corporation became China's first textile company to use Chinese wool to produce its yarn and to sell its products both domestically and internationally. \n                By the 1940s, the corporation had become the largest yarn production company in China, having garnered more than 80 percent of the domestic Chinese market.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSong's entrepreneurship transformed the business environment in modern China. \n                In addition, Song brought his religious beliefs into his management style and enterprise culture, as well as forming a social communication network that relied on the Christian spirit to serve his entrepreneurial purposes. \n                After the Chinese Communists won the civil war and established the People's Republic in 1949, Song struggled to keep his enterprises intact but was unable to do so. \n                In 1950, he moved his company to Hong Kong and later immigrated to Argentina. He died in Buenos Aires in 1955.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in 1898, the Chinese businessman Song Feiqing is best known for his role in modern China's industrialization and promoting the spirit of entrepreneurship in China. \n                Born into a Christian family in Shandong Province, in the early 1920s Song went to Chicago to study business management at Northwestern University. \n                In 1925, he returned to China and spent the next several years working in his father's business in Tianjin. \n                Seeing that China's industry was lacking entrepreneurship, especially in the textile market where foreign countries were profiting at China's expense, in 1932 Song established the Oriental Corporation (Dongya) in Tianjin. \n                That corporation became China's first textile company to use Chinese wool to produce its yarn and to sell its products both domestically and internationally. \n                By the 1940s, the corporation had become the largest yarn production company in China, having garnered more than 80 percent of the domestic Chinese market.","Song's entrepreneurship transformed the business environment in modern China. \n                In addition, Song brought his religious beliefs into his management style and enterprise culture, as well as forming a social communication network that relied on the Christian spirit to serve his entrepreneurial purposes. \n                After the Chinese Communists won the civil war and established the People's Republic in 1949, Song struggled to keep his enterprises intact but was unable to do so. \n                In 1950, he moved his company to Hong Kong and later immigrated to Argentina. He died in Buenos Aires in 1955."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Song Feiqing papers, [Box no.], Hoover Institution Archives\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Song Feiqing papers, [Box no.], Hoover Institution Archives"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Song Feiqing include correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to the operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and then in Hong Kong, including what part Christian beliefs played in Song's management practices. The papers also provide a rare glimpse into the formation of industrialization and entrepreneurship in China’s recent past.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content of Collection"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Song Feiqing include correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to the operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and then in Hong Kong, including what part Christian beliefs played in Song's management practices. The papers also provide a rare glimpse into the formation of industrialization and entrepreneurship in China’s recent past."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication Rights"],"userestrict_tesim":["For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"ref2\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCorrespondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and subsequently in Hong Kong.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and subsequently in Hong Kong."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"ref3\" label=\"Physical Location\"\u003eHoover Institution Archives\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Oriental Corporation."],"names_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives","Oriental Corporation.","Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"corpname_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives","Oriental Corporation."],"persname_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"language_ssim":["Chinese  and  English"],"total_component_count_is":68,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"2013C4-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:00:35.990Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/2013C4-xml_ref38"}},{"id":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_f2fa58f04b50eccf3f19c9d75db9d3e8cb44fd98","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr.","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_f2fa58f04b50eccf3f19c9d75db9d3e8cb44fd98#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e9 Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish Jr. during the period of time when MacArthur was Superintendent of West Point, and Chief of Staff, U.S. Army.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_f2fa58f04b50eccf3f19c9d75db9d3e8cb44fd98#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"al_f2fa58f04b50eccf3f19c9d75db9d3e8cb44fd98","ref_ssm":["al_f2fa58f04b50eccf3f19c9d75db9d3e8cb44fd98","al_f2fa58f04b50eccf3f19c9d75db9d3e8cb44fd98"],"id":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_f2fa58f04b50eccf3f19c9d75db9d3e8cb44fd98","title_filing_ssi":"Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr.","title_ssm":["Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr."],"title_tesim":["Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr."],"text":["Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr.","Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","Correspondence and Diaries","9 Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish Jr. during the period of time when MacArthur was Superintendent of West Point, and Chief of Staff, U.S. Army."],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["umich-wcl-M-2370mac","al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980"],"parent_ssi":"al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-wcl-M-2370mac","umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","Correspondence and Diaries"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","Correspondence and Diaries"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. William L. Clements Library"],"collection_ssim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":9,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":15,"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e9 Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish Jr. during the period of time when MacArthur was Superintendent of West Point, and Chief of Staff, U.S. Army.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["9 Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish Jr. during the period of time when MacArthur was Superintendent of West Point, and Chief of Staff, U.S. Army."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#2","_nest_parent_":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980","_root_":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:25:17.168Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","title_ssm":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","MacArthur, Douglas collection"],"title_tesim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","MacArthur, Douglas collection"],"ead_ssi":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["wclmss001314"],"text":["wclmss001314","Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","Aisne, Battle of the, France, 1918.","Argonne, Battle of the, 1918.","Chateau-Thierry, Battle of, 1918.","Chemical Warfare.","Chemical Warfare--Safety Measures.","Chemical Weapons.","Communications, Military.","Gases, Asphyxiating and Poisonous--War Use.","Marne, 2nd Battle of the, France, 1918.","Military Assistance, French.","Military Intelligence.","Military Reconnaissance.","Saint-Mihiel (France), Battle of, 1918.","Signals and Signaling.","United States. Army.","United States--History--1913-1921.","World War, 1914-1918.","World War, 1914-1918--Aerial Operations.","World War, 1914-1918--Campaigns-France.","Books.","Diaries.","Diaries.","Letters (correspondence)","Newspapers.","Orders (military records)","Photographs.","The Douglas MacArthur collection has been organized into four series.  Within these series, the papers are separated into distinct sub-series groups. Series I: Correspondence and diaries Sub-series I: Letters and diary to Florence Adams (Box 1) Sub-series II: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell (Brooks) MacArthur (Box 1) Sub-series III: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr. (Box 1) Sub-series IV: Miscellaneous letters and documents pertaining to Douglas MacArthur (Box 1) Series II: Papers related to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division Sub-series I: Military documents to the 42nd Division from external military units (Boxes 1-2) Sub-series II: Military documents from the 42nd Division to various military units (Boxes 2-4) Sub-series III: Internal military documents from and to various military units in the 42nd Division. (Box 5) Sub-series IV: Kenneth A. Sutherland Notebook. (Box 6) Series III: Photographs and miscellaneous papers pertaining to Douglas MacArthur Sub-series I: Aerial photographs and negatives, 91st Reconnaissance Squadron. (Box 7) Sub-series II: Miscellaneous photographs and papers. (Box 8) Series IV:  Published works.","Douglas MacArthur","Douglas MacArthur was born on January 26, 1880, the youngest child of (Capt.) Arthur MacArthur (1845-1912) and Mary Pinkney Hardy (1852-1935). His siblings were Arthur (1876-1923), and Malcolm (1878-1883), who died before his seventh birthday. ","Douglas MacArthur graduated from West Texas Military Academy in 1897 as valedictorian and two years later entered West Point.  In 1903 he graduated as First Captain, West Point's highest honor.  In September 1903, he joined the 3rd Battalion Engineers in San Francisco, and almost immediately was sent to Manila, Philippines. The next year he was promoted to First Lieutenant, and in 1906 returned to the United States.  After being made Captain of Engineers at Leavenworth in 1911, MacArthur was assigned to Vera Cruz to report information to the War Department.  While serving as military aide to the Secretary of War in 1916, he conceived the idea of expanding the existing National Guard through volunteer enlistment and turned into combat divisions - an idea that would be used for the formation of the 42nd Division. ","In 1917, MacArthur was appointed Colonel and Chief of Staff of the 42nd (Rainbow) Division.  As Commander of the 84th Infantry Brigade, he led his troops during the vitally important Argonne Campaign in the last months of the war.  In 1919, the 42nd Division returned to the United States, and MacArthur accepted an appointment as Superintendent of West Point.  While there, he became permanent Brigadier General.  MacArthur married Louise Cromwell Brooks in 1922, the year he was posted to command the Philippine Division, but they divorced seven years later. In November 1929, MacArthur was promoted to General and chosen as the man to replace General Summerall as the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army.  In 1937, MacArthur married a second time - to Jean Marie Faircloth, and they had a son, Arthur, a year later. ","In December 1941, the Japanese Army attacked and defeated MacArthur's Philippine Army on the Bataan Peninsula.  The following March, MacArthur was ordered from the Philippines to command the Allied troops with Thomas Blamey.  For six months, MacArthur concentrated on the defense of New Guinea, which led to an ambitious counter-attack in January and February 1943.  On the day the Japanese surrendered, MacArthur was appointed Supreme Commander of Allied Powers. ","MacArthur remained in occupied Japan until 1950, orchestrating the reformation of the post-war country.  On the 29th of June, 1950, MacArthur went to South Korea with American forces to assess the situation after North Korea's invasion of South Korea.  This assessment led to Truman's commitment of U.S. troops to a ground war in Korea.  The North Koreans abandoned Seoul on September 28, 1950, after MacArthur's successful military plan to attack through Inchon.  As a result of the success of this campaign, China decided to enter the Korean War.  MacArthur was ordered by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Secretary of Defense, in conjunction with a U.N. resolution, to proceed north of the 38th parallel.  Chinese troops attacked, leading to the withdrawal of MacArthur's troops back south of the 38th.  By this time, MacArthur had disobeyed the military order to employ only Korean forces in the frontier provinces.  On the 24th of March, MacArthur issued a lengthy communiqué complaining about the restrictions on his forces and taunted the enemy for their lack of industrial power and inability to maintain even moderate air and naval power. This pronouncement and his previous insubordination caused President Truman to relieve MacArthur of his command. ","In April 1951, General Douglas MacArthur returned to San Francisco to thousands of cheering citizens.  On April 19 he presented his case regarding his relief of command to a joint session of congress.  During his remaining years, MacArthur traveled throughout the United States to make speeches, in which he often denounced communists and socialists, and spoke of corrupt administration and heavy taxation. At the age of 84, on April 5, 1964, Douglas MacArthur died in a hospital in Washington.","The 42nd (Rainbow) Division","The Rainbow Division was created in 1917 as a composite division of members of the Regular Army and the National Guard solely for use in the war in Europe.  The 42nd arrived in Europe in 1917 as the war was entering a new phase: Russia had dropped out of the war, America was joining the war, and Germany was racing to provide tremendous reinforcement before the American forces arrived. ","In February 1918 the 42nd Division, part of the First U.S. Army Corps, was ordered to the Luneville area for a month of training with French units from the 7th French Army Corps.  While there, the Rainbow Division distinguished itself as \"a first class combat Division.\" ","The first assignment for the 42nd was to relieve the 128th French Infantry Division from the Baccarat Sector.  In the war, this was the first time an American Division held a Sector on its own.  The Division successfully held the Baccarat Sector until relief orders were sent on June 16, 1918.  Two weeks later, the 42nd Division went to the front at the Battle of Champagne alongside the 21st French Army Corps.  After an attack by the Germans on the fifteenth of July, the 42nd assisted in the Champagne defense until the end of the battle (July 18).  The Sixth French Army Corps was given the Rainbow Division to pursue the supposedly retreating enemy at the Battle of the Ourcq from July 25-July 27, 1918. From July 28-August 1st, the Allies captured strongpoints of the German position.  August 2-August 3rd, the 42nd Division assisted in pursuing the enemy until relieved by the 4th Regular Division. ","After the Battle of the Ourcq, Douglas MacArthur was given command of the 84th Infantry Brigade (William Hughes, Jr., replaced him as Chief of Staff, 42nd Division).  In September, the Rainbow Division, then under the 4th American Army Corps, was ordered to attack the center of the south side of the San Mihiel Salient and was assigned to the defense of the Essey-Pannes Sector until September 30, when it was relieved by the 89th Division. ","On October 11-12, 1918, the Rainbow Division relieved the 1st Division on the Verdun front.  In order to break the 2nd German line of defense, the hill called The Cote de Chatillon had to be taken.  From October 13-16, Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur commanded the 84th Infantry Division to the successful capture of Hill 288 (a strongly fortified point on the Kreimhilde Stellung), the Tuilerie Ferme, and the Cote de Chatillon (beyond the enemy's strong line of resistance). ","The next attack took place November 1, 1918.  The 42nd Division provided machine gun fire for the advancement of the 2nd and 89th Divisions.  After this victory, and as a result of divisional rivalry (and a difference in opinion as to the exact nature of a memorandum), the 42nd and the 1st Divisions (of the First American Army Corps and the 5th American Army Corps respectively) 'raced' for the glory of partaking in the (potential) final engagement of the war, in Sedan.  On November 6-7, the Rainbow, the 4th French Army, and the 1st and 77th American Divisions, fought south of the Meuse (south of Sedan).  The fighting ended when the enemy requested an armistice on November 9, 1918.  The 42nd Division backed off and was able to claim that the Americans who got closest to Sedan were members of the 166th Infantry of the 83rd Infantry Brigade.  The armistice was signed two days later. ","The 42nd Division remained in France and occupied Germany until May 1, 1919, when the last unit arrived home. Less than two weeks later, the last Brigade was demobilized. ","The MacArthur collection contains 885 letters, documents, photographs, and published works dating from March 23, 1885, to July 5, 1983. The bulk of the material (710 items) consists of military documents and manuscript notes from September 8, 1917 to January 27, 1919.  ","The military materials include general orders, field orders, field messages, memoranda, intelligence, and communications, related to the U.S. 42nd Division (The Rainbow Division), A.E.F., founded in 1917.  The majority of the collection falls during the period of time from late 1917 to early August 1918, when Douglas MacArthur was Chief of Staff for the 42nd Division.  Documents from military units that fought alongside the 42nd Division (both French and American), the U.S. Chemical Warfare, and the Intelligence Divisions -- as well as various German, French, and American communications -- are included.  Organizational documents, such as training schedules, and march tables, are also present.  A considerable number, if not all, of these materials must have been approved or viewed by MacArthur, and many of the items in this collection bear his initials or the initials of his information assistant, William Hughes, Jr.  From early August 1918 until the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918, MacArthur acted as the commanding officer for the 84th Infantry Brigade, and several military orders bear his name. ","Seventy-six letters in the collection (located in Box 1) are either from Douglas MacArthur or pertain in some way to him.  Six of these items, dated 1904, pertain to MacArthur and Florence Adams, whom he met in the Philippines, including a 46-page diary MacArthur wrote to Adams while he was on board a ship from Manila to the United States.  Five letters, dated 1921 and 1925, are written by MacArthur to Louise Brooks who became Mrs. Douglas MacArthur in 1922.  These letters contain both romantic content as well as personal reflections on the events in MacArthur's life at the time.  Also included are nine letters from MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr., dated 1921-1934.  The remainder of the correspondence is a miscellaneous collection of letters written by Douglas MacArthur, Jean MacArthur, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Harry S. Truman, and others.","The Douglas MacArthur collection also contains a notebook kept by Kenneth A. Sutherland, veteran of the 42nd Division, which contains a selection of items related to the Division's post-war activities and reunions; 40 aerial photographs and negatives taken by the 91st Reconnaissance Squadron, October 10, 1918; several photographs of Douglas MacArthur; thirteen published works by or about the General; and other miscellaneous materials.","The Douglas MacArthur collection is made up of military documents related to General Douglas MacArthur and the 42nd (Rainbow) Division during the first World War, and miscellaneous letters, documents, photographs, published works, and one diary illuminating various aspects of the General's public career and personal life.","William L. Clements Library , University of Michigan","United States. Army--Artillery.","United States. Army--Artillery--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Communication Systems.","United States. Army--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Equipment.","United States. Army--Field Service.","United States. Army--History.","United States. Army--Information Services.","United States. Army--Medals, Badges, Decorations, etc.","United States. Army--Organization.","United States. Army--Records and Correspondence.","United States. Army--Safety Measures.","United States. Army--Sanitary Affairs.","United States. Army. Infantry Division, 42nd.","Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)","Brooks, Louise Cromwell.","Fish, Hamilton, 1849-1936.","Adams, Florence.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969.","Granara, J. Ralph.","Hughes, William.","Hunt, Haroldson L.","Kean, Robert Winthrop.","Luhrs, H. Ernst.","MacArthur, Arthur, 1845-1912.","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964.","MacArthur, Jean Faircloth.","Mark, Clark.","Menoher, Charles Thomas, 1862-1930 ","Rhodes, Weldon E.","Sutherland, Kenneth A.","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972.","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["wclmss001314"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"collection_title_tesim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"collection_ssim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. William L. Clements Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. William L. Clements Library"],"creator_ssm":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)"],"creator_ssim":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)"],"creators_ssim":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)"],"acqinfo_ssim":[" Donated by D. N. Diedrich, 1987-2013.   M-2370 et al ."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Aisne, Battle of the, France, 1918.","Argonne, Battle of the, 1918.","Chateau-Thierry, Battle of, 1918.","Chemical Warfare.","Chemical Warfare--Safety Measures.","Chemical Weapons.","Communications, Military.","Gases, Asphyxiating and Poisonous--War Use.","Marne, 2nd Battle of the, France, 1918.","Military Assistance, French.","Military Intelligence.","Military Reconnaissance.","Saint-Mihiel (France), Battle of, 1918.","Signals and Signaling.","United States. Army.","United States--History--1913-1921.","World War, 1914-1918.","World War, 1914-1918--Aerial Operations.","World War, 1914-1918--Campaigns-France.","Books.","Diaries.","Diaries.","Letters (correspondence)","Newspapers.","Orders (military records)","Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Aisne, Battle of the, France, 1918.","Argonne, Battle of the, 1918.","Chateau-Thierry, Battle of, 1918.","Chemical Warfare.","Chemical Warfare--Safety Measures.","Chemical Weapons.","Communications, Military.","Gases, Asphyxiating and Poisonous--War Use.","Marne, 2nd Battle of the, France, 1918.","Military Assistance, French.","Military Intelligence.","Military Reconnaissance.","Saint-Mihiel (France), Battle of, 1918.","Signals and Signaling.","United States. Army.","United States--History--1913-1921.","World War, 1914-1918.","World War, 1914-1918--Aerial Operations.","World War, 1914-1918--Campaigns-France.","Books.","Diaries.","Diaries.","Letters (correspondence)","Newspapers.","Orders (military records)","Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["885 items"],"extent_tesim":["885 items"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003clist\u003e\n            \u003chead\u003eThe Douglas MacArthur collection has been organized into four series.  Within these series, the papers are separated into distinct sub-series groups.\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003citem\u003eSeries I: Correspondence and diaries\u003clist\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series I: Letters and diary to Florence Adams (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series II: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell (Brooks) MacArthur (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series III: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr. (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series IV: Miscellaneous letters and documents pertaining to Douglas MacArthur (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n               \u003c/list\u003e\n            \u003c/item\u003e\n            \u003citem\u003eSeries II: Papers related to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division\u003clist\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series I: Military documents to the 42nd Division from external military units (Boxes 1-2)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series II: Military documents from the 42nd Division to various military units (Boxes 2-4)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series III: Internal military documents from and to various military units in the 42nd Division. (Box 5)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series IV: Kenneth A. Sutherland Notebook. (Box 6)\u003c/item\u003e\n               \u003c/list\u003e\n            \u003c/item\u003e\n            \u003citem\u003eSeries III: Photographs and miscellaneous papers pertaining to Douglas MacArthur\u003clist\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series I: Aerial photographs and negatives, 91st Reconnaissance Squadron. (Box 7)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series II: Miscellaneous photographs and papers. (Box 8)\u003c/item\u003e\n               \u003c/list\u003e\n            \u003c/item\u003e\n            \u003citem\u003eSeries IV:  Published works.\u003c/item\u003e\n         \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Douglas MacArthur collection has been organized into four series.  Within these series, the papers are separated into distinct sub-series groups. Series I: Correspondence and diaries Sub-series I: Letters and diary to Florence Adams (Box 1) Sub-series II: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell (Brooks) MacArthur (Box 1) Sub-series III: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr. (Box 1) Sub-series IV: Miscellaneous letters and documents pertaining to Douglas MacArthur (Box 1) Series II: Papers related to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division Sub-series I: Military documents to the 42nd Division from external military units (Boxes 1-2) Sub-series II: Military documents from the 42nd Division to various military units (Boxes 2-4) Sub-series III: Internal military documents from and to various military units in the 42nd Division. (Box 5) Sub-series IV: Kenneth A. Sutherland Notebook. (Box 6) Series III: Photographs and miscellaneous papers pertaining to Douglas MacArthur Sub-series I: Aerial photographs and negatives, 91st Reconnaissance Squadron. (Box 7) Sub-series II: Miscellaneous photographs and papers. (Box 8) Series IV:  Published works."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\n            \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\n               \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eDouglas MacArthur\u003c/emph\u003e\n            \u003c/emph\u003e\n         \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDouglas MacArthur was born on January 26, 1880, the youngest child of (Capt.) Arthur MacArthur (1845-1912) and Mary Pinkney Hardy (1852-1935). His siblings were Arthur (1876-1923), and Malcolm (1878-1883), who died before his seventh birthday. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDouglas MacArthur graduated from West Texas Military Academy in 1897 as valedictorian and two years later entered West Point.  In 1903 he graduated as First Captain, West Point's highest honor.  In September 1903, he joined the 3rd Battalion Engineers in San Francisco, and almost immediately was sent to Manila, Philippines. The next year he was promoted to First Lieutenant, and in 1906 returned to the United States.  After being made Captain of Engineers at Leavenworth in 1911, MacArthur was assigned to Vera Cruz to report information to the War Department.  While serving as military aide to the Secretary of War in 1916, he conceived the idea of expanding the existing National Guard through volunteer enlistment and turned into combat divisions - an idea that would be used for the formation of the 42nd Division. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1917, MacArthur was appointed Colonel and Chief of Staff of the 42nd (Rainbow) Division.  As Commander of the 84th Infantry Brigade, he led his troops during the vitally important Argonne Campaign in the last months of the war.  In 1919, the 42nd Division returned to the United States, and MacArthur accepted an appointment as Superintendent of West Point.  While there, he became permanent Brigadier General.  MacArthur married Louise Cromwell Brooks in 1922, the year he was posted to command the Philippine Division, but they divorced seven years later. In November 1929, MacArthur was promoted to General and chosen as the man to replace General Summerall as the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army.  In 1937, MacArthur married a second time - to Jean Marie Faircloth, and they had a son, Arthur, a year later. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn December 1941, the Japanese Army attacked and defeated MacArthur's Philippine Army on the Bataan Peninsula.  The following March, MacArthur was ordered from the Philippines to command the Allied troops with Thomas Blamey.  For six months, MacArthur concentrated on the defense of New Guinea, which led to an ambitious counter-attack in January and February 1943.  On the day the Japanese surrendered, MacArthur was appointed Supreme Commander of Allied Powers. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMacArthur remained in occupied Japan until 1950, orchestrating the reformation of the post-war country.  On the 29th of June, 1950, MacArthur went to South Korea with American forces to assess the situation after North Korea's invasion of South Korea.  This assessment led to Truman's commitment of U.S. troops to a ground war in Korea.  The North Koreans abandoned Seoul on September 28, 1950, after MacArthur's successful military plan to attack through Inchon.  As a result of the success of this campaign, China decided to enter the Korean War.  MacArthur was ordered by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Secretary of Defense, in conjunction with a U.N. resolution, to proceed north of the 38th parallel.  Chinese troops attacked, leading to the withdrawal of MacArthur's troops back south of the 38th.  By this time, MacArthur had disobeyed the military order to employ only Korean forces in the frontier provinces.  On the 24th of March, MacArthur issued a lengthy communiqué complaining about the restrictions on his forces and taunted the enemy for their lack of industrial power and inability to maintain even moderate air and naval power. This pronouncement and his previous insubordination caused President Truman to relieve MacArthur of his command. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn April 1951, General Douglas MacArthur returned to San Francisco to thousands of cheering citizens.  On April 19 he presented his case regarding his relief of command to a joint session of congress.  During his remaining years, MacArthur traveled throughout the United States to make speeches, in which he often denounced communists and socialists, and spoke of corrupt administration and heavy taxation. At the age of 84, on April 5, 1964, Douglas MacArthur died in a hospital in Washington.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n            \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\n               \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eThe 42nd (Rainbow) Division\u003c/emph\u003e\n            \u003c/emph\u003e\n         \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Rainbow Division was created in 1917 as a composite division of members of the Regular Army and the National Guard solely for use in the war in Europe.  The 42nd arrived in Europe in 1917 as the war was entering a new phase: Russia had dropped out of the war, America was joining the war, and Germany was racing to provide tremendous reinforcement before the American forces arrived. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn February 1918 the 42nd Division, part of the First U.S. Army Corps, was ordered to the Luneville area for a month of training with French units from the 7th French Army Corps.  While there, the Rainbow Division distinguished itself as \"a first class combat Division.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first assignment for the 42nd was to relieve the 128th French Infantry Division from the Baccarat Sector.  In the war, this was the first time an American Division held a Sector on its own.  The Division successfully held the Baccarat Sector until relief orders were sent on June 16, 1918.  Two weeks later, the 42nd Division went to the front at the Battle of Champagne alongside the 21st French Army Corps.  After an attack by the Germans on the fifteenth of July, the 42nd assisted in the Champagne defense until the end of the battle (July 18).  The Sixth French Army Corps was given the Rainbow Division to pursue the supposedly retreating enemy at the Battle of the Ourcq from July 25-July 27, 1918. From July 28-August 1st, the Allies captured strongpoints of the German position.  August 2-August 3rd, the 42nd Division assisted in pursuing the enemy until relieved by the 4th Regular Division. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the Battle of the Ourcq, Douglas MacArthur was given command of the 84th Infantry Brigade (William Hughes, Jr., replaced him as Chief of Staff, 42nd Division).  In September, the Rainbow Division, then under the 4th American Army Corps, was ordered to attack the center of the south side of the San Mihiel Salient and was assigned to the defense of the Essey-Pannes Sector until September 30, when it was relieved by the 89th Division. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn October 11-12, 1918, the Rainbow Division relieved the 1st Division on the Verdun front.  In order to break the 2nd German line of defense, the hill called The Cote de Chatillon had to be taken.  From October 13-16, Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur commanded the 84th Infantry Division to the successful capture of Hill 288 (a strongly fortified point on the Kreimhilde Stellung), the Tuilerie Ferme, and the Cote de Chatillon (beyond the enemy's strong line of resistance). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe next attack took place November 1, 1918.  The 42nd Division provided machine gun fire for the advancement of the 2nd and 89th Divisions.  After this victory, and as a result of divisional rivalry (and a difference in opinion as to the exact nature of a memorandum), the 42nd and the 1st Divisions (of the First American Army Corps and the 5th American Army Corps respectively) 'raced' for the glory of partaking in the (potential) final engagement of the war, in Sedan.  On November 6-7, the Rainbow, the 4th French Army, and the 1st and 77th American Divisions, fought south of the Meuse (south of Sedan).  The fighting ended when the enemy requested an armistice on November 9, 1918.  The 42nd Division backed off and was able to claim that the Americans who got closest to Sedan were members of the 166th Infantry of the 83rd Infantry Brigade.  The armistice was signed two days later. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 42nd Division remained in France and occupied Germany until May 1, 1919, when the last unit arrived home. Less than two weeks later, the last Brigade was demobilized. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biography"],"bioghist_tesim":["Douglas MacArthur","Douglas MacArthur was born on January 26, 1880, the youngest child of (Capt.) Arthur MacArthur (1845-1912) and Mary Pinkney Hardy (1852-1935). His siblings were Arthur (1876-1923), and Malcolm (1878-1883), who died before his seventh birthday. ","Douglas MacArthur graduated from West Texas Military Academy in 1897 as valedictorian and two years later entered West Point.  In 1903 he graduated as First Captain, West Point's highest honor.  In September 1903, he joined the 3rd Battalion Engineers in San Francisco, and almost immediately was sent to Manila, Philippines. The next year he was promoted to First Lieutenant, and in 1906 returned to the United States.  After being made Captain of Engineers at Leavenworth in 1911, MacArthur was assigned to Vera Cruz to report information to the War Department.  While serving as military aide to the Secretary of War in 1916, he conceived the idea of expanding the existing National Guard through volunteer enlistment and turned into combat divisions - an idea that would be used for the formation of the 42nd Division. ","In 1917, MacArthur was appointed Colonel and Chief of Staff of the 42nd (Rainbow) Division.  As Commander of the 84th Infantry Brigade, he led his troops during the vitally important Argonne Campaign in the last months of the war.  In 1919, the 42nd Division returned to the United States, and MacArthur accepted an appointment as Superintendent of West Point.  While there, he became permanent Brigadier General.  MacArthur married Louise Cromwell Brooks in 1922, the year he was posted to command the Philippine Division, but they divorced seven years later. In November 1929, MacArthur was promoted to General and chosen as the man to replace General Summerall as the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army.  In 1937, MacArthur married a second time - to Jean Marie Faircloth, and they had a son, Arthur, a year later. ","In December 1941, the Japanese Army attacked and defeated MacArthur's Philippine Army on the Bataan Peninsula.  The following March, MacArthur was ordered from the Philippines to command the Allied troops with Thomas Blamey.  For six months, MacArthur concentrated on the defense of New Guinea, which led to an ambitious counter-attack in January and February 1943.  On the day the Japanese surrendered, MacArthur was appointed Supreme Commander of Allied Powers. ","MacArthur remained in occupied Japan until 1950, orchestrating the reformation of the post-war country.  On the 29th of June, 1950, MacArthur went to South Korea with American forces to assess the situation after North Korea's invasion of South Korea.  This assessment led to Truman's commitment of U.S. troops to a ground war in Korea.  The North Koreans abandoned Seoul on September 28, 1950, after MacArthur's successful military plan to attack through Inchon.  As a result of the success of this campaign, China decided to enter the Korean War.  MacArthur was ordered by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Secretary of Defense, in conjunction with a U.N. resolution, to proceed north of the 38th parallel.  Chinese troops attacked, leading to the withdrawal of MacArthur's troops back south of the 38th.  By this time, MacArthur had disobeyed the military order to employ only Korean forces in the frontier provinces.  On the 24th of March, MacArthur issued a lengthy communiqué complaining about the restrictions on his forces and taunted the enemy for their lack of industrial power and inability to maintain even moderate air and naval power. This pronouncement and his previous insubordination caused President Truman to relieve MacArthur of his command. ","In April 1951, General Douglas MacArthur returned to San Francisco to thousands of cheering citizens.  On April 19 he presented his case regarding his relief of command to a joint session of congress.  During his remaining years, MacArthur traveled throughout the United States to make speeches, in which he often denounced communists and socialists, and spoke of corrupt administration and heavy taxation. At the age of 84, on April 5, 1964, Douglas MacArthur died in a hospital in Washington.","The 42nd (Rainbow) Division","The Rainbow Division was created in 1917 as a composite division of members of the Regular Army and the National Guard solely for use in the war in Europe.  The 42nd arrived in Europe in 1917 as the war was entering a new phase: Russia had dropped out of the war, America was joining the war, and Germany was racing to provide tremendous reinforcement before the American forces arrived. ","In February 1918 the 42nd Division, part of the First U.S. Army Corps, was ordered to the Luneville area for a month of training with French units from the 7th French Army Corps.  While there, the Rainbow Division distinguished itself as \"a first class combat Division.\" ","The first assignment for the 42nd was to relieve the 128th French Infantry Division from the Baccarat Sector.  In the war, this was the first time an American Division held a Sector on its own.  The Division successfully held the Baccarat Sector until relief orders were sent on June 16, 1918.  Two weeks later, the 42nd Division went to the front at the Battle of Champagne alongside the 21st French Army Corps.  After an attack by the Germans on the fifteenth of July, the 42nd assisted in the Champagne defense until the end of the battle (July 18).  The Sixth French Army Corps was given the Rainbow Division to pursue the supposedly retreating enemy at the Battle of the Ourcq from July 25-July 27, 1918. From July 28-August 1st, the Allies captured strongpoints of the German position.  August 2-August 3rd, the 42nd Division assisted in pursuing the enemy until relieved by the 4th Regular Division. ","After the Battle of the Ourcq, Douglas MacArthur was given command of the 84th Infantry Brigade (William Hughes, Jr., replaced him as Chief of Staff, 42nd Division).  In September, the Rainbow Division, then under the 4th American Army Corps, was ordered to attack the center of the south side of the San Mihiel Salient and was assigned to the defense of the Essey-Pannes Sector until September 30, when it was relieved by the 89th Division. ","On October 11-12, 1918, the Rainbow Division relieved the 1st Division on the Verdun front.  In order to break the 2nd German line of defense, the hill called The Cote de Chatillon had to be taken.  From October 13-16, Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur commanded the 84th Infantry Division to the successful capture of Hill 288 (a strongly fortified point on the Kreimhilde Stellung), the Tuilerie Ferme, and the Cote de Chatillon (beyond the enemy's strong line of resistance). ","The next attack took place November 1, 1918.  The 42nd Division provided machine gun fire for the advancement of the 2nd and 89th Divisions.  After this victory, and as a result of divisional rivalry (and a difference in opinion as to the exact nature of a memorandum), the 42nd and the 1st Divisions (of the First American Army Corps and the 5th American Army Corps respectively) 'raced' for the glory of partaking in the (potential) final engagement of the war, in Sedan.  On November 6-7, the Rainbow, the 4th French Army, and the 1st and 77th American Divisions, fought south of the Meuse (south of Sedan).  The fighting ended when the enemy requested an armistice on November 9, 1918.  The 42nd Division backed off and was able to claim that the Americans who got closest to Sedan were members of the 166th Infantry of the 83rd Infantry Brigade.  The armistice was signed two days later. ","The 42nd Division remained in France and occupied Germany until May 1, 1919, when the last unit arrived home. Less than two weeks later, the last Brigade was demobilized. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe MacArthur collection contains 885 letters, documents, photographs, and published works dating from March 23, 1885, to July 5, 1983. The bulk of the material (710 items) consists of military documents and manuscript notes from September 8, 1917 to January 27, 1919.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe military materials include general orders, field orders, field messages, memoranda, intelligence, and communications, related to the U.S. 42nd Division (The Rainbow Division), A.E.F., founded in 1917.  The majority of the collection falls during the period of time from late 1917 to early August 1918, when Douglas MacArthur was Chief of Staff for the 42nd Division.  Documents from military units that fought alongside the 42nd Division (both French and American), the U.S. Chemical Warfare, and the Intelligence Divisions -- as well as various German, French, and American communications -- are included.  Organizational documents, such as training schedules, and march tables, are also present.  A considerable number, if not all, of these materials must have been approved or viewed by MacArthur, and many of the items in this collection bear his initials or the initials of his information assistant, William Hughes, Jr.  From early August 1918 until the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918, MacArthur acted as the commanding officer for the 84th Infantry Brigade, and several military orders bear his name. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeventy-six letters in the collection (located in Box 1) are either from Douglas MacArthur or pertain in some way to him.  Six of these items, dated 1904, pertain to MacArthur and Florence Adams, whom he met in the Philippines, including a 46-page diary MacArthur wrote to Adams while he was on board a ship from Manila to the United States.  Five letters, dated 1921 and 1925, are written by MacArthur to Louise Brooks who became Mrs. Douglas MacArthur in 1922.  These letters contain both romantic content as well as personal reflections on the events in MacArthur's life at the time.  Also included are nine letters from MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr., dated 1921-1934.  The remainder of the correspondence is a miscellaneous collection of letters written by Douglas MacArthur, Jean MacArthur, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Harry S. Truman, and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Douglas MacArthur collection also contains a notebook kept by Kenneth A. Sutherland, veteran of the 42nd Division, which contains a selection of items related to the Division's post-war activities and reunions; 40 aerial photographs and negatives taken by the 91st Reconnaissance Squadron, October 10, 1918; several photographs of Douglas MacArthur; thirteen published works by or about the General; and other miscellaneous materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The MacArthur collection contains 885 letters, documents, photographs, and published works dating from March 23, 1885, to July 5, 1983. The bulk of the material (710 items) consists of military documents and manuscript notes from September 8, 1917 to January 27, 1919.  ","The military materials include general orders, field orders, field messages, memoranda, intelligence, and communications, related to the U.S. 42nd Division (The Rainbow Division), A.E.F., founded in 1917.  The majority of the collection falls during the period of time from late 1917 to early August 1918, when Douglas MacArthur was Chief of Staff for the 42nd Division.  Documents from military units that fought alongside the 42nd Division (both French and American), the U.S. Chemical Warfare, and the Intelligence Divisions -- as well as various German, French, and American communications -- are included.  Organizational documents, such as training schedules, and march tables, are also present.  A considerable number, if not all, of these materials must have been approved or viewed by MacArthur, and many of the items in this collection bear his initials or the initials of his information assistant, William Hughes, Jr.  From early August 1918 until the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918, MacArthur acted as the commanding officer for the 84th Infantry Brigade, and several military orders bear his name. ","Seventy-six letters in the collection (located in Box 1) are either from Douglas MacArthur or pertain in some way to him.  Six of these items, dated 1904, pertain to MacArthur and Florence Adams, whom he met in the Philippines, including a 46-page diary MacArthur wrote to Adams while he was on board a ship from Manila to the United States.  Five letters, dated 1921 and 1925, are written by MacArthur to Louise Brooks who became Mrs. Douglas MacArthur in 1922.  These letters contain both romantic content as well as personal reflections on the events in MacArthur's life at the time.  Also included are nine letters from MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr., dated 1921-1934.  The remainder of the correspondence is a miscellaneous collection of letters written by Douglas MacArthur, Jean MacArthur, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Harry S. Truman, and others.","The Douglas MacArthur collection also contains a notebook kept by Kenneth A. Sutherland, veteran of the 42nd Division, which contains a selection of items related to the Division's post-war activities and reunions; 40 aerial photographs and negatives taken by the 91st Reconnaissance Squadron, October 10, 1918; several photographs of Douglas MacArthur; thirteen published works by or about the General; and other miscellaneous materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract\u003eThe Douglas MacArthur collection is made up of military documents related to General Douglas MacArthur and the 42nd (Rainbow) Division during the first World War, and miscellaneous letters, documents, photographs, published works, and one diary illuminating various aspects of the General's public career and personal life.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Douglas MacArthur collection is made up of military documents related to General Douglas MacArthur and the 42nd (Rainbow) Division during the first World War, and miscellaneous letters, documents, photographs, published works, and one diary illuminating various aspects of the General's public career and personal life."],"names_ssim":["William L. Clements Library , University of Michigan","United States. Army--Artillery.","United States. Army--Artillery--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Communication Systems.","United States. Army--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Equipment.","United States. Army--Field Service.","United States. Army--History.","United States. Army--Information Services.","United States. Army--Medals, Badges, Decorations, etc.","United States. Army--Organization.","United States. Army--Records and Correspondence.","United States. Army--Safety Measures.","United States. Army--Sanitary Affairs.","United States. Army. Infantry Division, 42nd.","Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)","Brooks, Louise Cromwell.","Fish, Hamilton, 1849-1936.","Adams, Florence.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969.","Granara, J. Ralph.","Hughes, William.","Hunt, Haroldson L.","Kean, Robert Winthrop.","Luhrs, H. Ernst.","MacArthur, Arthur, 1845-1912.","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964.","MacArthur, Jean Faircloth.","Mark, Clark.","Menoher, Charles Thomas, 1862-1930 ","Rhodes, Weldon E.","Sutherland, Kenneth A.","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972."],"corpname_ssim":["William L. Clements Library , University of Michigan","United States. Army--Artillery.","United States. Army--Artillery--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Communication Systems.","United States. Army--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Equipment.","United States. Army--Field Service.","United States. Army--History.","United States. Army--Information Services.","United States. Army--Medals, Badges, Decorations, etc.","United States. Army--Organization.","United States. Army--Records and Correspondence.","United States. Army--Safety Measures.","United States. Army--Sanitary Affairs.","United States. Army. Infantry Division, 42nd."],"persname_ssim":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)","Brooks, Louise Cromwell.","Fish, Hamilton, 1849-1936.","Adams, Florence.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969.","Granara, J. Ralph.","Hughes, William.","Hunt, Haroldson L.","Kean, Robert Winthrop.","Luhrs, H. Ernst.","MacArthur, Arthur, 1845-1912.","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964.","MacArthur, Jean Faircloth.","Mark, Clark.","Menoher, Charles Thomas, 1862-1930 ","Rhodes, Weldon E.","Sutherland, Kenneth A.","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972."],"language_ssim":["The material is in  English"],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":154,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:25:17.168Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_f2fa58f04b50eccf3f19c9d75db9d3e8cb44fd98"}},{"id":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_a2836a5660ec456799f888ce61a7b73e384f8ce5","type":"Subseries","attributes":{"title":"Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell (Brooks) MacArthur.","abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_a2836a5660ec456799f888ce61a7b73e384f8ce5#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e5 letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell Brooks (later Mrs. Louise MacArthur) including romantic letters and a reflection on his father after visiting Kenesaw Mountain where he fought during the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_a2836a5660ec456799f888ce61a7b73e384f8ce5#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"al_a2836a5660ec456799f888ce61a7b73e384f8ce5","ref_ssm":["al_a2836a5660ec456799f888ce61a7b73e384f8ce5","al_a2836a5660ec456799f888ce61a7b73e384f8ce5"],"id":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_a2836a5660ec456799f888ce61a7b73e384f8ce5","title_filing_ssi":"Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell (Brooks) MacArthur.","title_ssm":["Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell (Brooks) MacArthur."],"title_tesim":["Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell (Brooks) MacArthur."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell (Brooks) MacArthur."],"text":["Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell (Brooks) MacArthur.","Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","Correspondence and Diaries","5 letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell Brooks (later Mrs. Louise MacArthur) including romantic letters and a reflection on his father after visiting Kenesaw Mountain where he fought during the Civil War."],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["umich-wcl-M-2370mac","al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980"],"parent_ssi":"al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-wcl-M-2370mac","umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","Correspondence and Diaries"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","Correspondence and Diaries"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. William L. Clements Library"],"collection_ssim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":5,"level_ssm":["Subseries"],"level_ssim":["Subseries"],"sort_isi":9,"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e5 letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell Brooks (later Mrs. Louise MacArthur) including romantic letters and a reflection on his father after visiting Kenesaw Mountain where he fought during the Civil War.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["5 letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell Brooks (later Mrs. Louise MacArthur) including romantic letters and a reflection on his father after visiting Kenesaw Mountain where he fought during the Civil War."],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#1","_nest_parent_":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980","_root_":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:25:17.168Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","title_ssm":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","MacArthur, Douglas collection"],"title_tesim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","MacArthur, Douglas collection"],"ead_ssi":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["wclmss001314"],"text":["wclmss001314","Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","Aisne, Battle of the, France, 1918.","Argonne, Battle of the, 1918.","Chateau-Thierry, Battle of, 1918.","Chemical Warfare.","Chemical Warfare--Safety Measures.","Chemical Weapons.","Communications, Military.","Gases, Asphyxiating and Poisonous--War Use.","Marne, 2nd Battle of the, France, 1918.","Military Assistance, French.","Military Intelligence.","Military Reconnaissance.","Saint-Mihiel (France), Battle of, 1918.","Signals and Signaling.","United States. Army.","United States--History--1913-1921.","World War, 1914-1918.","World War, 1914-1918--Aerial Operations.","World War, 1914-1918--Campaigns-France.","Books.","Diaries.","Diaries.","Letters (correspondence)","Newspapers.","Orders (military records)","Photographs.","The Douglas MacArthur collection has been organized into four series.  Within these series, the papers are separated into distinct sub-series groups. Series I: Correspondence and diaries Sub-series I: Letters and diary to Florence Adams (Box 1) Sub-series II: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell (Brooks) MacArthur (Box 1) Sub-series III: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr. (Box 1) Sub-series IV: Miscellaneous letters and documents pertaining to Douglas MacArthur (Box 1) Series II: Papers related to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division Sub-series I: Military documents to the 42nd Division from external military units (Boxes 1-2) Sub-series II: Military documents from the 42nd Division to various military units (Boxes 2-4) Sub-series III: Internal military documents from and to various military units in the 42nd Division. (Box 5) Sub-series IV: Kenneth A. Sutherland Notebook. (Box 6) Series III: Photographs and miscellaneous papers pertaining to Douglas MacArthur Sub-series I: Aerial photographs and negatives, 91st Reconnaissance Squadron. (Box 7) Sub-series II: Miscellaneous photographs and papers. (Box 8) Series IV:  Published works.","Douglas MacArthur","Douglas MacArthur was born on January 26, 1880, the youngest child of (Capt.) Arthur MacArthur (1845-1912) and Mary Pinkney Hardy (1852-1935). His siblings were Arthur (1876-1923), and Malcolm (1878-1883), who died before his seventh birthday. ","Douglas MacArthur graduated from West Texas Military Academy in 1897 as valedictorian and two years later entered West Point.  In 1903 he graduated as First Captain, West Point's highest honor.  In September 1903, he joined the 3rd Battalion Engineers in San Francisco, and almost immediately was sent to Manila, Philippines. The next year he was promoted to First Lieutenant, and in 1906 returned to the United States.  After being made Captain of Engineers at Leavenworth in 1911, MacArthur was assigned to Vera Cruz to report information to the War Department.  While serving as military aide to the Secretary of War in 1916, he conceived the idea of expanding the existing National Guard through volunteer enlistment and turned into combat divisions - an idea that would be used for the formation of the 42nd Division. ","In 1917, MacArthur was appointed Colonel and Chief of Staff of the 42nd (Rainbow) Division.  As Commander of the 84th Infantry Brigade, he led his troops during the vitally important Argonne Campaign in the last months of the war.  In 1919, the 42nd Division returned to the United States, and MacArthur accepted an appointment as Superintendent of West Point.  While there, he became permanent Brigadier General.  MacArthur married Louise Cromwell Brooks in 1922, the year he was posted to command the Philippine Division, but they divorced seven years later. In November 1929, MacArthur was promoted to General and chosen as the man to replace General Summerall as the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army.  In 1937, MacArthur married a second time - to Jean Marie Faircloth, and they had a son, Arthur, a year later. ","In December 1941, the Japanese Army attacked and defeated MacArthur's Philippine Army on the Bataan Peninsula.  The following March, MacArthur was ordered from the Philippines to command the Allied troops with Thomas Blamey.  For six months, MacArthur concentrated on the defense of New Guinea, which led to an ambitious counter-attack in January and February 1943.  On the day the Japanese surrendered, MacArthur was appointed Supreme Commander of Allied Powers. ","MacArthur remained in occupied Japan until 1950, orchestrating the reformation of the post-war country.  On the 29th of June, 1950, MacArthur went to South Korea with American forces to assess the situation after North Korea's invasion of South Korea.  This assessment led to Truman's commitment of U.S. troops to a ground war in Korea.  The North Koreans abandoned Seoul on September 28, 1950, after MacArthur's successful military plan to attack through Inchon.  As a result of the success of this campaign, China decided to enter the Korean War.  MacArthur was ordered by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Secretary of Defense, in conjunction with a U.N. resolution, to proceed north of the 38th parallel.  Chinese troops attacked, leading to the withdrawal of MacArthur's troops back south of the 38th.  By this time, MacArthur had disobeyed the military order to employ only Korean forces in the frontier provinces.  On the 24th of March, MacArthur issued a lengthy communiqué complaining about the restrictions on his forces and taunted the enemy for their lack of industrial power and inability to maintain even moderate air and naval power. This pronouncement and his previous insubordination caused President Truman to relieve MacArthur of his command. ","In April 1951, General Douglas MacArthur returned to San Francisco to thousands of cheering citizens.  On April 19 he presented his case regarding his relief of command to a joint session of congress.  During his remaining years, MacArthur traveled throughout the United States to make speeches, in which he often denounced communists and socialists, and spoke of corrupt administration and heavy taxation. At the age of 84, on April 5, 1964, Douglas MacArthur died in a hospital in Washington.","The 42nd (Rainbow) Division","The Rainbow Division was created in 1917 as a composite division of members of the Regular Army and the National Guard solely for use in the war in Europe.  The 42nd arrived in Europe in 1917 as the war was entering a new phase: Russia had dropped out of the war, America was joining the war, and Germany was racing to provide tremendous reinforcement before the American forces arrived. ","In February 1918 the 42nd Division, part of the First U.S. Army Corps, was ordered to the Luneville area for a month of training with French units from the 7th French Army Corps.  While there, the Rainbow Division distinguished itself as \"a first class combat Division.\" ","The first assignment for the 42nd was to relieve the 128th French Infantry Division from the Baccarat Sector.  In the war, this was the first time an American Division held a Sector on its own.  The Division successfully held the Baccarat Sector until relief orders were sent on June 16, 1918.  Two weeks later, the 42nd Division went to the front at the Battle of Champagne alongside the 21st French Army Corps.  After an attack by the Germans on the fifteenth of July, the 42nd assisted in the Champagne defense until the end of the battle (July 18).  The Sixth French Army Corps was given the Rainbow Division to pursue the supposedly retreating enemy at the Battle of the Ourcq from July 25-July 27, 1918. From July 28-August 1st, the Allies captured strongpoints of the German position.  August 2-August 3rd, the 42nd Division assisted in pursuing the enemy until relieved by the 4th Regular Division. ","After the Battle of the Ourcq, Douglas MacArthur was given command of the 84th Infantry Brigade (William Hughes, Jr., replaced him as Chief of Staff, 42nd Division).  In September, the Rainbow Division, then under the 4th American Army Corps, was ordered to attack the center of the south side of the San Mihiel Salient and was assigned to the defense of the Essey-Pannes Sector until September 30, when it was relieved by the 89th Division. ","On October 11-12, 1918, the Rainbow Division relieved the 1st Division on the Verdun front.  In order to break the 2nd German line of defense, the hill called The Cote de Chatillon had to be taken.  From October 13-16, Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur commanded the 84th Infantry Division to the successful capture of Hill 288 (a strongly fortified point on the Kreimhilde Stellung), the Tuilerie Ferme, and the Cote de Chatillon (beyond the enemy's strong line of resistance). ","The next attack took place November 1, 1918.  The 42nd Division provided machine gun fire for the advancement of the 2nd and 89th Divisions.  After this victory, and as a result of divisional rivalry (and a difference in opinion as to the exact nature of a memorandum), the 42nd and the 1st Divisions (of the First American Army Corps and the 5th American Army Corps respectively) 'raced' for the glory of partaking in the (potential) final engagement of the war, in Sedan.  On November 6-7, the Rainbow, the 4th French Army, and the 1st and 77th American Divisions, fought south of the Meuse (south of Sedan).  The fighting ended when the enemy requested an armistice on November 9, 1918.  The 42nd Division backed off and was able to claim that the Americans who got closest to Sedan were members of the 166th Infantry of the 83rd Infantry Brigade.  The armistice was signed two days later. ","The 42nd Division remained in France and occupied Germany until May 1, 1919, when the last unit arrived home. Less than two weeks later, the last Brigade was demobilized. ","The MacArthur collection contains 885 letters, documents, photographs, and published works dating from March 23, 1885, to July 5, 1983. The bulk of the material (710 items) consists of military documents and manuscript notes from September 8, 1917 to January 27, 1919.  ","The military materials include general orders, field orders, field messages, memoranda, intelligence, and communications, related to the U.S. 42nd Division (The Rainbow Division), A.E.F., founded in 1917.  The majority of the collection falls during the period of time from late 1917 to early August 1918, when Douglas MacArthur was Chief of Staff for the 42nd Division.  Documents from military units that fought alongside the 42nd Division (both French and American), the U.S. Chemical Warfare, and the Intelligence Divisions -- as well as various German, French, and American communications -- are included.  Organizational documents, such as training schedules, and march tables, are also present.  A considerable number, if not all, of these materials must have been approved or viewed by MacArthur, and many of the items in this collection bear his initials or the initials of his information assistant, William Hughes, Jr.  From early August 1918 until the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918, MacArthur acted as the commanding officer for the 84th Infantry Brigade, and several military orders bear his name. ","Seventy-six letters in the collection (located in Box 1) are either from Douglas MacArthur or pertain in some way to him.  Six of these items, dated 1904, pertain to MacArthur and Florence Adams, whom he met in the Philippines, including a 46-page diary MacArthur wrote to Adams while he was on board a ship from Manila to the United States.  Five letters, dated 1921 and 1925, are written by MacArthur to Louise Brooks who became Mrs. Douglas MacArthur in 1922.  These letters contain both romantic content as well as personal reflections on the events in MacArthur's life at the time.  Also included are nine letters from MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr., dated 1921-1934.  The remainder of the correspondence is a miscellaneous collection of letters written by Douglas MacArthur, Jean MacArthur, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Harry S. Truman, and others.","The Douglas MacArthur collection also contains a notebook kept by Kenneth A. Sutherland, veteran of the 42nd Division, which contains a selection of items related to the Division's post-war activities and reunions; 40 aerial photographs and negatives taken by the 91st Reconnaissance Squadron, October 10, 1918; several photographs of Douglas MacArthur; thirteen published works by or about the General; and other miscellaneous materials.","The Douglas MacArthur collection is made up of military documents related to General Douglas MacArthur and the 42nd (Rainbow) Division during the first World War, and miscellaneous letters, documents, photographs, published works, and one diary illuminating various aspects of the General's public career and personal life.","William L. Clements Library , University of Michigan","United States. Army--Artillery.","United States. Army--Artillery--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Communication Systems.","United States. Army--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Equipment.","United States. Army--Field Service.","United States. Army--History.","United States. Army--Information Services.","United States. Army--Medals, Badges, Decorations, etc.","United States. Army--Organization.","United States. Army--Records and Correspondence.","United States. Army--Safety Measures.","United States. Army--Sanitary Affairs.","United States. Army. Infantry Division, 42nd.","Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)","Brooks, Louise Cromwell.","Fish, Hamilton, 1849-1936.","Adams, Florence.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969.","Granara, J. Ralph.","Hughes, William.","Hunt, Haroldson L.","Kean, Robert Winthrop.","Luhrs, H. Ernst.","MacArthur, Arthur, 1845-1912.","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964.","MacArthur, Jean Faircloth.","Mark, Clark.","Menoher, Charles Thomas, 1862-1930 ","Rhodes, Weldon E.","Sutherland, Kenneth A.","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972.","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["wclmss001314"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"collection_title_tesim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"collection_ssim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. William L. Clements Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. William L. Clements Library"],"creator_ssm":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)"],"creator_ssim":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)"],"creators_ssim":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)"],"acqinfo_ssim":[" Donated by D. N. Diedrich, 1987-2013.   M-2370 et al ."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Aisne, Battle of the, France, 1918.","Argonne, Battle of the, 1918.","Chateau-Thierry, Battle of, 1918.","Chemical Warfare.","Chemical Warfare--Safety Measures.","Chemical Weapons.","Communications, Military.","Gases, Asphyxiating and Poisonous--War Use.","Marne, 2nd Battle of the, France, 1918.","Military Assistance, French.","Military Intelligence.","Military Reconnaissance.","Saint-Mihiel (France), Battle of, 1918.","Signals and Signaling.","United States. Army.","United States--History--1913-1921.","World War, 1914-1918.","World War, 1914-1918--Aerial Operations.","World War, 1914-1918--Campaigns-France.","Books.","Diaries.","Diaries.","Letters (correspondence)","Newspapers.","Orders (military records)","Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Aisne, Battle of the, France, 1918.","Argonne, Battle of the, 1918.","Chateau-Thierry, Battle of, 1918.","Chemical Warfare.","Chemical Warfare--Safety Measures.","Chemical Weapons.","Communications, Military.","Gases, Asphyxiating and Poisonous--War Use.","Marne, 2nd Battle of the, France, 1918.","Military Assistance, French.","Military Intelligence.","Military Reconnaissance.","Saint-Mihiel (France), Battle of, 1918.","Signals and Signaling.","United States. Army.","United States--History--1913-1921.","World War, 1914-1918.","World War, 1914-1918--Aerial Operations.","World War, 1914-1918--Campaigns-France.","Books.","Diaries.","Diaries.","Letters (correspondence)","Newspapers.","Orders (military records)","Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["885 items"],"extent_tesim":["885 items"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003clist\u003e\n            \u003chead\u003eThe Douglas MacArthur collection has been organized into four series.  Within these series, the papers are separated into distinct sub-series groups.\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003citem\u003eSeries I: Correspondence and diaries\u003clist\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series I: Letters and diary to Florence Adams (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series II: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell (Brooks) MacArthur (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series III: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr. (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series IV: Miscellaneous letters and documents pertaining to Douglas MacArthur (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n               \u003c/list\u003e\n            \u003c/item\u003e\n            \u003citem\u003eSeries II: Papers related to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division\u003clist\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series I: Military documents to the 42nd Division from external military units (Boxes 1-2)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series II: Military documents from the 42nd Division to various military units (Boxes 2-4)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series III: Internal military documents from and to various military units in the 42nd Division. (Box 5)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series IV: Kenneth A. Sutherland Notebook. (Box 6)\u003c/item\u003e\n               \u003c/list\u003e\n            \u003c/item\u003e\n            \u003citem\u003eSeries III: Photographs and miscellaneous papers pertaining to Douglas MacArthur\u003clist\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series I: Aerial photographs and negatives, 91st Reconnaissance Squadron. (Box 7)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series II: Miscellaneous photographs and papers. (Box 8)\u003c/item\u003e\n               \u003c/list\u003e\n            \u003c/item\u003e\n            \u003citem\u003eSeries IV:  Published works.\u003c/item\u003e\n         \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Douglas MacArthur collection has been organized into four series.  Within these series, the papers are separated into distinct sub-series groups. Series I: Correspondence and diaries Sub-series I: Letters and diary to Florence Adams (Box 1) Sub-series II: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell (Brooks) MacArthur (Box 1) Sub-series III: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr. (Box 1) Sub-series IV: Miscellaneous letters and documents pertaining to Douglas MacArthur (Box 1) Series II: Papers related to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division Sub-series I: Military documents to the 42nd Division from external military units (Boxes 1-2) Sub-series II: Military documents from the 42nd Division to various military units (Boxes 2-4) Sub-series III: Internal military documents from and to various military units in the 42nd Division. (Box 5) Sub-series IV: Kenneth A. Sutherland Notebook. (Box 6) Series III: Photographs and miscellaneous papers pertaining to Douglas MacArthur Sub-series I: Aerial photographs and negatives, 91st Reconnaissance Squadron. (Box 7) Sub-series II: Miscellaneous photographs and papers. (Box 8) Series IV:  Published works."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\n            \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\n               \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eDouglas MacArthur\u003c/emph\u003e\n            \u003c/emph\u003e\n         \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDouglas MacArthur was born on January 26, 1880, the youngest child of (Capt.) Arthur MacArthur (1845-1912) and Mary Pinkney Hardy (1852-1935). His siblings were Arthur (1876-1923), and Malcolm (1878-1883), who died before his seventh birthday. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDouglas MacArthur graduated from West Texas Military Academy in 1897 as valedictorian and two years later entered West Point.  In 1903 he graduated as First Captain, West Point's highest honor.  In September 1903, he joined the 3rd Battalion Engineers in San Francisco, and almost immediately was sent to Manila, Philippines. The next year he was promoted to First Lieutenant, and in 1906 returned to the United States.  After being made Captain of Engineers at Leavenworth in 1911, MacArthur was assigned to Vera Cruz to report information to the War Department.  While serving as military aide to the Secretary of War in 1916, he conceived the idea of expanding the existing National Guard through volunteer enlistment and turned into combat divisions - an idea that would be used for the formation of the 42nd Division. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1917, MacArthur was appointed Colonel and Chief of Staff of the 42nd (Rainbow) Division.  As Commander of the 84th Infantry Brigade, he led his troops during the vitally important Argonne Campaign in the last months of the war.  In 1919, the 42nd Division returned to the United States, and MacArthur accepted an appointment as Superintendent of West Point.  While there, he became permanent Brigadier General.  MacArthur married Louise Cromwell Brooks in 1922, the year he was posted to command the Philippine Division, but they divorced seven years later. In November 1929, MacArthur was promoted to General and chosen as the man to replace General Summerall as the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army.  In 1937, MacArthur married a second time - to Jean Marie Faircloth, and they had a son, Arthur, a year later. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn December 1941, the Japanese Army attacked and defeated MacArthur's Philippine Army on the Bataan Peninsula.  The following March, MacArthur was ordered from the Philippines to command the Allied troops with Thomas Blamey.  For six months, MacArthur concentrated on the defense of New Guinea, which led to an ambitious counter-attack in January and February 1943.  On the day the Japanese surrendered, MacArthur was appointed Supreme Commander of Allied Powers. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMacArthur remained in occupied Japan until 1950, orchestrating the reformation of the post-war country.  On the 29th of June, 1950, MacArthur went to South Korea with American forces to assess the situation after North Korea's invasion of South Korea.  This assessment led to Truman's commitment of U.S. troops to a ground war in Korea.  The North Koreans abandoned Seoul on September 28, 1950, after MacArthur's successful military plan to attack through Inchon.  As a result of the success of this campaign, China decided to enter the Korean War.  MacArthur was ordered by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Secretary of Defense, in conjunction with a U.N. resolution, to proceed north of the 38th parallel.  Chinese troops attacked, leading to the withdrawal of MacArthur's troops back south of the 38th.  By this time, MacArthur had disobeyed the military order to employ only Korean forces in the frontier provinces.  On the 24th of March, MacArthur issued a lengthy communiqué complaining about the restrictions on his forces and taunted the enemy for their lack of industrial power and inability to maintain even moderate air and naval power. This pronouncement and his previous insubordination caused President Truman to relieve MacArthur of his command. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn April 1951, General Douglas MacArthur returned to San Francisco to thousands of cheering citizens.  On April 19 he presented his case regarding his relief of command to a joint session of congress.  During his remaining years, MacArthur traveled throughout the United States to make speeches, in which he often denounced communists and socialists, and spoke of corrupt administration and heavy taxation. At the age of 84, on April 5, 1964, Douglas MacArthur died in a hospital in Washington.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n            \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\n               \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eThe 42nd (Rainbow) Division\u003c/emph\u003e\n            \u003c/emph\u003e\n         \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Rainbow Division was created in 1917 as a composite division of members of the Regular Army and the National Guard solely for use in the war in Europe.  The 42nd arrived in Europe in 1917 as the war was entering a new phase: Russia had dropped out of the war, America was joining the war, and Germany was racing to provide tremendous reinforcement before the American forces arrived. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn February 1918 the 42nd Division, part of the First U.S. Army Corps, was ordered to the Luneville area for a month of training with French units from the 7th French Army Corps.  While there, the Rainbow Division distinguished itself as \"a first class combat Division.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first assignment for the 42nd was to relieve the 128th French Infantry Division from the Baccarat Sector.  In the war, this was the first time an American Division held a Sector on its own.  The Division successfully held the Baccarat Sector until relief orders were sent on June 16, 1918.  Two weeks later, the 42nd Division went to the front at the Battle of Champagne alongside the 21st French Army Corps.  After an attack by the Germans on the fifteenth of July, the 42nd assisted in the Champagne defense until the end of the battle (July 18).  The Sixth French Army Corps was given the Rainbow Division to pursue the supposedly retreating enemy at the Battle of the Ourcq from July 25-July 27, 1918. From July 28-August 1st, the Allies captured strongpoints of the German position.  August 2-August 3rd, the 42nd Division assisted in pursuing the enemy until relieved by the 4th Regular Division. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the Battle of the Ourcq, Douglas MacArthur was given command of the 84th Infantry Brigade (William Hughes, Jr., replaced him as Chief of Staff, 42nd Division).  In September, the Rainbow Division, then under the 4th American Army Corps, was ordered to attack the center of the south side of the San Mihiel Salient and was assigned to the defense of the Essey-Pannes Sector until September 30, when it was relieved by the 89th Division. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn October 11-12, 1918, the Rainbow Division relieved the 1st Division on the Verdun front.  In order to break the 2nd German line of defense, the hill called The Cote de Chatillon had to be taken.  From October 13-16, Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur commanded the 84th Infantry Division to the successful capture of Hill 288 (a strongly fortified point on the Kreimhilde Stellung), the Tuilerie Ferme, and the Cote de Chatillon (beyond the enemy's strong line of resistance). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe next attack took place November 1, 1918.  The 42nd Division provided machine gun fire for the advancement of the 2nd and 89th Divisions.  After this victory, and as a result of divisional rivalry (and a difference in opinion as to the exact nature of a memorandum), the 42nd and the 1st Divisions (of the First American Army Corps and the 5th American Army Corps respectively) 'raced' for the glory of partaking in the (potential) final engagement of the war, in Sedan.  On November 6-7, the Rainbow, the 4th French Army, and the 1st and 77th American Divisions, fought south of the Meuse (south of Sedan).  The fighting ended when the enemy requested an armistice on November 9, 1918.  The 42nd Division backed off and was able to claim that the Americans who got closest to Sedan were members of the 166th Infantry of the 83rd Infantry Brigade.  The armistice was signed two days later. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 42nd Division remained in France and occupied Germany until May 1, 1919, when the last unit arrived home. Less than two weeks later, the last Brigade was demobilized. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biography"],"bioghist_tesim":["Douglas MacArthur","Douglas MacArthur was born on January 26, 1880, the youngest child of (Capt.) Arthur MacArthur (1845-1912) and Mary Pinkney Hardy (1852-1935). His siblings were Arthur (1876-1923), and Malcolm (1878-1883), who died before his seventh birthday. ","Douglas MacArthur graduated from West Texas Military Academy in 1897 as valedictorian and two years later entered West Point.  In 1903 he graduated as First Captain, West Point's highest honor.  In September 1903, he joined the 3rd Battalion Engineers in San Francisco, and almost immediately was sent to Manila, Philippines. The next year he was promoted to First Lieutenant, and in 1906 returned to the United States.  After being made Captain of Engineers at Leavenworth in 1911, MacArthur was assigned to Vera Cruz to report information to the War Department.  While serving as military aide to the Secretary of War in 1916, he conceived the idea of expanding the existing National Guard through volunteer enlistment and turned into combat divisions - an idea that would be used for the formation of the 42nd Division. ","In 1917, MacArthur was appointed Colonel and Chief of Staff of the 42nd (Rainbow) Division.  As Commander of the 84th Infantry Brigade, he led his troops during the vitally important Argonne Campaign in the last months of the war.  In 1919, the 42nd Division returned to the United States, and MacArthur accepted an appointment as Superintendent of West Point.  While there, he became permanent Brigadier General.  MacArthur married Louise Cromwell Brooks in 1922, the year he was posted to command the Philippine Division, but they divorced seven years later. In November 1929, MacArthur was promoted to General and chosen as the man to replace General Summerall as the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army.  In 1937, MacArthur married a second time - to Jean Marie Faircloth, and they had a son, Arthur, a year later. ","In December 1941, the Japanese Army attacked and defeated MacArthur's Philippine Army on the Bataan Peninsula.  The following March, MacArthur was ordered from the Philippines to command the Allied troops with Thomas Blamey.  For six months, MacArthur concentrated on the defense of New Guinea, which led to an ambitious counter-attack in January and February 1943.  On the day the Japanese surrendered, MacArthur was appointed Supreme Commander of Allied Powers. ","MacArthur remained in occupied Japan until 1950, orchestrating the reformation of the post-war country.  On the 29th of June, 1950, MacArthur went to South Korea with American forces to assess the situation after North Korea's invasion of South Korea.  This assessment led to Truman's commitment of U.S. troops to a ground war in Korea.  The North Koreans abandoned Seoul on September 28, 1950, after MacArthur's successful military plan to attack through Inchon.  As a result of the success of this campaign, China decided to enter the Korean War.  MacArthur was ordered by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Secretary of Defense, in conjunction with a U.N. resolution, to proceed north of the 38th parallel.  Chinese troops attacked, leading to the withdrawal of MacArthur's troops back south of the 38th.  By this time, MacArthur had disobeyed the military order to employ only Korean forces in the frontier provinces.  On the 24th of March, MacArthur issued a lengthy communiqué complaining about the restrictions on his forces and taunted the enemy for their lack of industrial power and inability to maintain even moderate air and naval power. This pronouncement and his previous insubordination caused President Truman to relieve MacArthur of his command. ","In April 1951, General Douglas MacArthur returned to San Francisco to thousands of cheering citizens.  On April 19 he presented his case regarding his relief of command to a joint session of congress.  During his remaining years, MacArthur traveled throughout the United States to make speeches, in which he often denounced communists and socialists, and spoke of corrupt administration and heavy taxation. At the age of 84, on April 5, 1964, Douglas MacArthur died in a hospital in Washington.","The 42nd (Rainbow) Division","The Rainbow Division was created in 1917 as a composite division of members of the Regular Army and the National Guard solely for use in the war in Europe.  The 42nd arrived in Europe in 1917 as the war was entering a new phase: Russia had dropped out of the war, America was joining the war, and Germany was racing to provide tremendous reinforcement before the American forces arrived. ","In February 1918 the 42nd Division, part of the First U.S. Army Corps, was ordered to the Luneville area for a month of training with French units from the 7th French Army Corps.  While there, the Rainbow Division distinguished itself as \"a first class combat Division.\" ","The first assignment for the 42nd was to relieve the 128th French Infantry Division from the Baccarat Sector.  In the war, this was the first time an American Division held a Sector on its own.  The Division successfully held the Baccarat Sector until relief orders were sent on June 16, 1918.  Two weeks later, the 42nd Division went to the front at the Battle of Champagne alongside the 21st French Army Corps.  After an attack by the Germans on the fifteenth of July, the 42nd assisted in the Champagne defense until the end of the battle (July 18).  The Sixth French Army Corps was given the Rainbow Division to pursue the supposedly retreating enemy at the Battle of the Ourcq from July 25-July 27, 1918. From July 28-August 1st, the Allies captured strongpoints of the German position.  August 2-August 3rd, the 42nd Division assisted in pursuing the enemy until relieved by the 4th Regular Division. ","After the Battle of the Ourcq, Douglas MacArthur was given command of the 84th Infantry Brigade (William Hughes, Jr., replaced him as Chief of Staff, 42nd Division).  In September, the Rainbow Division, then under the 4th American Army Corps, was ordered to attack the center of the south side of the San Mihiel Salient and was assigned to the defense of the Essey-Pannes Sector until September 30, when it was relieved by the 89th Division. ","On October 11-12, 1918, the Rainbow Division relieved the 1st Division on the Verdun front.  In order to break the 2nd German line of defense, the hill called The Cote de Chatillon had to be taken.  From October 13-16, Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur commanded the 84th Infantry Division to the successful capture of Hill 288 (a strongly fortified point on the Kreimhilde Stellung), the Tuilerie Ferme, and the Cote de Chatillon (beyond the enemy's strong line of resistance). ","The next attack took place November 1, 1918.  The 42nd Division provided machine gun fire for the advancement of the 2nd and 89th Divisions.  After this victory, and as a result of divisional rivalry (and a difference in opinion as to the exact nature of a memorandum), the 42nd and the 1st Divisions (of the First American Army Corps and the 5th American Army Corps respectively) 'raced' for the glory of partaking in the (potential) final engagement of the war, in Sedan.  On November 6-7, the Rainbow, the 4th French Army, and the 1st and 77th American Divisions, fought south of the Meuse (south of Sedan).  The fighting ended when the enemy requested an armistice on November 9, 1918.  The 42nd Division backed off and was able to claim that the Americans who got closest to Sedan were members of the 166th Infantry of the 83rd Infantry Brigade.  The armistice was signed two days later. ","The 42nd Division remained in France and occupied Germany until May 1, 1919, when the last unit arrived home. Less than two weeks later, the last Brigade was demobilized. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe MacArthur collection contains 885 letters, documents, photographs, and published works dating from March 23, 1885, to July 5, 1983. The bulk of the material (710 items) consists of military documents and manuscript notes from September 8, 1917 to January 27, 1919.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe military materials include general orders, field orders, field messages, memoranda, intelligence, and communications, related to the U.S. 42nd Division (The Rainbow Division), A.E.F., founded in 1917.  The majority of the collection falls during the period of time from late 1917 to early August 1918, when Douglas MacArthur was Chief of Staff for the 42nd Division.  Documents from military units that fought alongside the 42nd Division (both French and American), the U.S. Chemical Warfare, and the Intelligence Divisions -- as well as various German, French, and American communications -- are included.  Organizational documents, such as training schedules, and march tables, are also present.  A considerable number, if not all, of these materials must have been approved or viewed by MacArthur, and many of the items in this collection bear his initials or the initials of his information assistant, William Hughes, Jr.  From early August 1918 until the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918, MacArthur acted as the commanding officer for the 84th Infantry Brigade, and several military orders bear his name. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeventy-six letters in the collection (located in Box 1) are either from Douglas MacArthur or pertain in some way to him.  Six of these items, dated 1904, pertain to MacArthur and Florence Adams, whom he met in the Philippines, including a 46-page diary MacArthur wrote to Adams while he was on board a ship from Manila to the United States.  Five letters, dated 1921 and 1925, are written by MacArthur to Louise Brooks who became Mrs. Douglas MacArthur in 1922.  These letters contain both romantic content as well as personal reflections on the events in MacArthur's life at the time.  Also included are nine letters from MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr., dated 1921-1934.  The remainder of the correspondence is a miscellaneous collection of letters written by Douglas MacArthur, Jean MacArthur, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Harry S. Truman, and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Douglas MacArthur collection also contains a notebook kept by Kenneth A. Sutherland, veteran of the 42nd Division, which contains a selection of items related to the Division's post-war activities and reunions; 40 aerial photographs and negatives taken by the 91st Reconnaissance Squadron, October 10, 1918; several photographs of Douglas MacArthur; thirteen published works by or about the General; and other miscellaneous materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The MacArthur collection contains 885 letters, documents, photographs, and published works dating from March 23, 1885, to July 5, 1983. The bulk of the material (710 items) consists of military documents and manuscript notes from September 8, 1917 to January 27, 1919.  ","The military materials include general orders, field orders, field messages, memoranda, intelligence, and communications, related to the U.S. 42nd Division (The Rainbow Division), A.E.F., founded in 1917.  The majority of the collection falls during the period of time from late 1917 to early August 1918, when Douglas MacArthur was Chief of Staff for the 42nd Division.  Documents from military units that fought alongside the 42nd Division (both French and American), the U.S. Chemical Warfare, and the Intelligence Divisions -- as well as various German, French, and American communications -- are included.  Organizational documents, such as training schedules, and march tables, are also present.  A considerable number, if not all, of these materials must have been approved or viewed by MacArthur, and many of the items in this collection bear his initials or the initials of his information assistant, William Hughes, Jr.  From early August 1918 until the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918, MacArthur acted as the commanding officer for the 84th Infantry Brigade, and several military orders bear his name. ","Seventy-six letters in the collection (located in Box 1) are either from Douglas MacArthur or pertain in some way to him.  Six of these items, dated 1904, pertain to MacArthur and Florence Adams, whom he met in the Philippines, including a 46-page diary MacArthur wrote to Adams while he was on board a ship from Manila to the United States.  Five letters, dated 1921 and 1925, are written by MacArthur to Louise Brooks who became Mrs. Douglas MacArthur in 1922.  These letters contain both romantic content as well as personal reflections on the events in MacArthur's life at the time.  Also included are nine letters from MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr., dated 1921-1934.  The remainder of the correspondence is a miscellaneous collection of letters written by Douglas MacArthur, Jean MacArthur, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Harry S. Truman, and others.","The Douglas MacArthur collection also contains a notebook kept by Kenneth A. Sutherland, veteran of the 42nd Division, which contains a selection of items related to the Division's post-war activities and reunions; 40 aerial photographs and negatives taken by the 91st Reconnaissance Squadron, October 10, 1918; several photographs of Douglas MacArthur; thirteen published works by or about the General; and other miscellaneous materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract\u003eThe Douglas MacArthur collection is made up of military documents related to General Douglas MacArthur and the 42nd (Rainbow) Division during the first World War, and miscellaneous letters, documents, photographs, published works, and one diary illuminating various aspects of the General's public career and personal life.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Douglas MacArthur collection is made up of military documents related to General Douglas MacArthur and the 42nd (Rainbow) Division during the first World War, and miscellaneous letters, documents, photographs, published works, and one diary illuminating various aspects of the General's public career and personal life."],"names_ssim":["William L. Clements Library , University of Michigan","United States. Army--Artillery.","United States. Army--Artillery--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Communication Systems.","United States. Army--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Equipment.","United States. Army--Field Service.","United States. Army--History.","United States. Army--Information Services.","United States. Army--Medals, Badges, Decorations, etc.","United States. Army--Organization.","United States. Army--Records and Correspondence.","United States. Army--Safety Measures.","United States. Army--Sanitary Affairs.","United States. Army. Infantry Division, 42nd.","Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)","Brooks, Louise Cromwell.","Fish, Hamilton, 1849-1936.","Adams, Florence.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969.","Granara, J. Ralph.","Hughes, William.","Hunt, Haroldson L.","Kean, Robert Winthrop.","Luhrs, H. Ernst.","MacArthur, Arthur, 1845-1912.","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964.","MacArthur, Jean Faircloth.","Mark, Clark.","Menoher, Charles Thomas, 1862-1930 ","Rhodes, Weldon E.","Sutherland, Kenneth A.","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972."],"corpname_ssim":["William L. Clements Library , University of Michigan","United States. Army--Artillery.","United States. Army--Artillery--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Communication Systems.","United States. Army--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Equipment.","United States. Army--Field Service.","United States. Army--History.","United States. Army--Information Services.","United States. Army--Medals, Badges, Decorations, etc.","United States. Army--Organization.","United States. Army--Records and Correspondence.","United States. Army--Safety Measures.","United States. Army--Sanitary Affairs.","United States. Army. Infantry Division, 42nd."],"persname_ssim":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)","Brooks, Louise Cromwell.","Fish, Hamilton, 1849-1936.","Adams, Florence.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969.","Granara, J. Ralph.","Hughes, William.","Hunt, Haroldson L.","Kean, Robert Winthrop.","Luhrs, H. Ernst.","MacArthur, Arthur, 1845-1912.","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964.","MacArthur, Jean Faircloth.","Mark, Clark.","Menoher, Charles Thomas, 1862-1930 ","Rhodes, Weldon E.","Sutherland, Kenneth A.","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972."],"language_ssim":["The material is in  English"],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":154,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:25:17.168Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_a2836a5660ec456799f888ce61a7b73e384f8ce5"}},{"id":"m0299-xml_aspace_ref40_cn8","type":"Unspecified","attributes":{"title":"Letters of St. Peter.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/m0299-xml_aspace_ref40_cn8#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_ref40_cn8","ref_ssm":["aspace_ref40_cn8","aspace_ref40_cn8"],"id":"m0299-xml_aspace_ref40_cn8","title_filing_ssi":"Letters of St. Peter.","title_ssm":["Letters of St. Peter."],"title_tesim":["Letters of St. Peter."],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letters of St. Peter."],"text":["Letters of St. Peter.","Medieval fragments study collection, 11th-16th century","12th Century","26","box 1","folder 4"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["m0299-xml","aspace_ref17_y0v"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_ref17_y0v","parent_ids_ssim":["m0299-xml","m0299-xml_aspace_ref17_y0v"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Medieval fragments study collection, 11th-16th century","12th Century"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Medieval fragments study collection, 11th-16th century","12th Century"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Unspecified"],"unitid_ssm":["26"],"repository_ssim":["Stanford University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Medieval fragments study collection, 11th-16th century"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Unspecified"],"level_ssim":["Unspecified"],"sort_isi":28,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["None."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Property rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections."],"containers_ssim":["box 1","folder 4"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#20","_nest_parent_":"m0299-xml_aspace_ref17_y0v","_root_":"m0299-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:07:38.949Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"m0299-xml","title_ssm":["Medieval fragments study collection"],"title_tesim":["Medieval fragments study collection"],"ead_ssi":"m0299.xml","unitdate_ssm":["11th-16th century"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["11th-16th century"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M0299"],"text":["M0299","Medieval fragments study collection, 11th-16th century","None.","Purchased, 1969 and 1978.","Primarily fragments, these specimens were acquired to demonstrate the development of writing in the western world. A variety of scripts are represented, from Carolingian minuscule to the humanistic hands and the \"cancelleresca.\"","Papers and Photographs:  Many items in this collection have been studied by Stanford paleography students. Items for which student papers (usually including transcriptions) are available, are marked by an asterisk in this guide. Also note that photographs are available for more than half of the items, which are marked `+' in the guide. They may be borrowed from the library for a five-week loan period. If interested in either papers or photographs, please ask at the front desk.","Items marked  oversize  are stored in Box no. 5 in numerical order. Item no. 97 is stored separately in the map case.","Property rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections.","Department of Special Collections and University Archives","English, Middle (1100-1500)"],"unitid_tesim":["M0299"],"normalized_date_ssm":["11th-16th century"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Medieval fragments study collection, 11th-16th century"],"collection_title_tesim":["Medieval fragments study collection, 11th-16th century"],"collection_ssim":["Medieval fragments study collection, 11th-16th century"],"repository_ssm":["Stanford University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Stanford University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives"],"access_terms_ssm":["Property rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["130 item(s)"],"extent_tesim":["130 item(s)"],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["None."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePurchased, 1969 and 1978.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["Purchased, 1969 and 1978."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item] Medieval fragments study collection, 11th-16th cent., M0299, Dept. of Special Collections, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, Calif.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item] Medieval fragments study collection, 11th-16th cent., M0299, Dept. of Special Collections, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, Calif."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003ePrimarily fragments, these specimens were acquired to demonstrate the development of writing in the western world. A variety of scripts are represented, from Carolingian minuscule to the humanistic hands and the \"cancelleresca.\"\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ePapers and Photographs: \u003c/emph\u003eMany items in this collection have been studied by Stanford paleography students. Items for which student papers (usually including transcriptions) are available, are marked by an asterisk in this guide. Also note that photographs are available for more than half of the items, which are marked `+' in the guide. They may be borrowed from the library for a five-week loan period. If interested in either papers or photographs, please ask at the front desk.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eItems marked \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eoversize \u003c/emph\u003eare stored in Box no. 5 in numerical order. Item no. 97 is stored separately in the map case.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Primarily fragments, these specimens were acquired to demonstrate the development of writing in the western world. A variety of scripts are represented, from Carolingian minuscule to the humanistic hands and the \"cancelleresca.\"","Papers and Photographs:  Many items in this collection have been studied by Stanford paleography students. Items for which student papers (usually including transcriptions) are available, are marked by an asterisk in this guide. Also note that photographs are available for more than half of the items, which are marked `+' in the guide. They may be borrowed from the library for a five-week loan period. If interested in either papers or photographs, please ask at the front desk.","Items marked  oversize  are stored in Box no. 5 in numerical order. Item no. 97 is stored separately in the map case."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProperty rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication Rights"],"userestrict_tesim":["Property rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections."],"names_ssim":["Department of Special Collections and University Archives"],"corpname_ssim":["Department of Special Collections and University Archives"],"language_ssim":["English, Middle (1100-1500)"],"total_component_count_is":132,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"m0299-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:07:38.949Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/m0299-xml_aspace_ref40_cn8"}},{"id":"m0292-xml_aspace_ref240_u2w","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Letters of sympathy, (1963-5)","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/m0292-xml_aspace_ref240_u2w#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_ref240_u2w","ref_ssm":["aspace_ref240_u2w","aspace_ref240_u2w"],"id":"m0292-xml_aspace_ref240_u2w","title_filing_ssi":"Letters of sympathy","title_ssm":["Letters of sympathy"],"title_tesim":["Letters of sympathy"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["(1963-5)"],"normalized_date_ssm":["(1963-5)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Letters of sympathy, (1963-5)"],"text":["Letters of sympathy, (1963-5)","Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968","PAMPHLETS","box 15","folder 3"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["m0292-xml","aspace_ref215_1ba"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_ref215_1ba","parent_ids_ssim":["m0292-xml","m0292-xml_aspace_ref215_1ba"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968","PAMPHLETS"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968","PAMPHLETS"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","File"],"repository_ssim":["Stanford University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":226,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["None."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Property rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections."],"containers_ssim":["box 15","folder 3"],"_nest_path_":"/components#8/components#24","_nest_parent_":"m0292-xml_aspace_ref215_1ba","_root_":"m0292-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:07:35.736Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"m0292-xml","title_ssm":["Clarke Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Clarke Family Papers"],"ead_ssi":"m0292.xml","unitdate_ssm":["1904-1968"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1904-1968"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M0292"],"text":["M0292","Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968","None.","1. Palmer, J.P.:  Jade  Spring Books; London, 1967.","2.  The Encyclopedia Sinica  Couling, Samuel Kelly \u0026 Walsh; Shanghai, 1917.","3. Thiel, albert W.R.:  Chinese Pottery and Stoneware  Thos. nelson \u0026 Sons; N.Y., N.D.","4. Goette, John:  Jade Lore  Kelly \u0026 Walsh; Shanghai, 1936.","5. Forsyth, Robb. Coventry:  Shanting, The Sacred Province of China  Christian Literature Society; Shanghai, 1912","6. Graham, Dorothy:  Through the moon Door  J. H. Sears \u0026 Co.; N.Y., 1926.","7. Brandt, J.:  Introduction to Literary Chinese  North China Union Language School; Peking, 1927.","8. Weale, B.L. Putnam:  The Vanished Empire  Macmillan \u0026 Co.; London, 1926.","9. Jennu, Delia:  Letter from Peking  Oxford UP; London, 1967.","10. Busheel, Stephen W.:  Chinese [UNK]  V. I Eyre \u0026 Spottiswoode; London, 1909.","11. Smith, Arthur H.:  Chinese Characteristics  3rd ed. Fleming H. Revell Co.; n.y., 1894.","12. Grubb, Norman P.:  C.T.Studd,  Cricketer \u0026 Pioneer  Religious Tract Society; London, 1933.","13. Martin, W.A.P.:  The Siege in Peking  Oliphant Anderson \u0026 Ferrier; Edinburgh, 1900.","14. Lymn, Jermyn Chi-Hung:  Social Life of The Chinese in Peking  China Booksellers; Peking, 1928.","15. Strong, [UNK] [UNK]:  a Sketch of Chinese Cuts \u0026 Crafts  China Bhsellers; Peking, 1926.","The daughter of Dr. Charles Fletcher Johnson and Agnes Elliott Johnson, Ruth Clarke was born on April 2, 1890 in Wei Hsien, Shantung, China where she quickly mastered Mandarin Chinese. She was educated at Miss Jewell's School in Shanghai which was also attended by Miss Pearl Buck. After visiting her Uncle Hosmer Johnson in Washington D.C., Ruth entered and graduated from Wilson College (Chambersburg, Pa.) in 1912. She then returned to Shanghai to accept a teaching position at Miss Jewell's.","In 1916 Ruth Johnson accepted a new position in the Peking American School. It was there that she met J. Eric G. Clarke whom she married on June 21, 1916 in Tsinanfu, Shantung. The Rev. W. P. Chalfant officiated. Kathleen Clarke, Margaret Emma Johnson, Gerald Clarke and Hosmer F. Johnson were members of the wedding party Dating from this ceremony, the couple often signed their combined correspondence Rutheric. Following a brief honeymoon in Tai Shan, the couple returned to Peking where they resided for the next 16 years. During this period Mrs. Clarke made several trips to the United States where she exhibited many of the fabulous Oriental art treasures she had collected throughout her stay in China.","Soon after the couple moved to Shanghai the threat of war between Japan and China became reality. Overnight, internment camps were set up for aliens like the Clarkes. Their homes were occupied by Japanese soldiers as soon as they were evacuated by the local Occupation authorities. From April 10, 1943 until a few weeks following the Japanese surrender to MacArthur on August 14, 1945, the Clarkes were confined at Lung Hwa Camp near Peking.","Among the nearly 1800 interns at Lung Hwa were men and women from all professions and backgrounds. Although spirits were high during the first season at the camp, morale worsened during the winter--food became scarce and poorer in quality and the stoves which the Japanese installed on each floor of the ten dormitories were never lit. The cubicles they occupied were 4`8 by 22' long. Despite the difficult conditions they encountered at the camp, the Clarkes and their fellow inmates managed to maintain a high level of personal development which is reflected in the many activities enjoyed at the camp: lectures, plays, musical productions and many other kinds of intellectual stimulation. One of the most amusing highlights of their stay was the development of a game called Dictionary Please. Because of their limited reading material, the Clarkes designed a game which relied only upon the dictionary they brought with them and their active imaginations. The game was so successful that it became a partial livelihood following their return to America in 1946.","Residing in Portland, Oregon, Mr. and Mrs. Clarke remained active socially and intellectually. Mrs. Clarke served as president of Zonta International and the Lewis and Clarke's Women's League. Mrs. Clarke now resides in Mountain View, California.","Gift of Ruth Elliott Johnson Clarke.","Correspondence, photographs (of China), books and pamphlets about Chinese art, etc.","Property rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections.","Department of Special Collections and University Archives","Clarke family","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M0292"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1904-1968"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968"],"collection_title_tesim":["Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968"],"collection_ssim":["Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968"],"repository_ssm":["Stanford University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Stanford University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Clarke family"],"creator_ssim":["Clarke family"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Clarke family"],"creators_ssim":["Clarke family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Property rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10 Linear Feet ca. 10 linear ft."],"extent_tesim":["10 Linear Feet ca. 10 linear ft."],"date_range_isim":[1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["None."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003e1. Palmer, J.P.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eJade \u003c/emph\u003eSpring Books; London, 1967.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e2. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Encyclopedia Sinica \u003c/emph\u003eCouling, Samuel Kelly \u0026amp; Walsh; Shanghai, 1917.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e3. Thiel, albert W.R.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eChinese Pottery and Stoneware \u003c/emph\u003eThos. nelson \u0026amp; Sons; N.Y., N.D.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e4. Goette, John: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eJade Lore \u003c/emph\u003eKelly \u0026amp; Walsh; Shanghai, 1936.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e5. Forsyth, Robb. Coventry: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eShanting, The Sacred Province of China \u003c/emph\u003eChristian Literature Society; Shanghai, 1912\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e6. Graham, Dorothy: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThrough the moon Door \u003c/emph\u003eJ. H. Sears \u0026amp; Co.; N.Y., 1926.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e7. Brandt, J.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eIntroduction to Literary Chinese \u003c/emph\u003eNorth China Union Language School; Peking, 1927.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e8. Weale, B.L. Putnam: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Vanished Empire \u003c/emph\u003eMacmillan \u0026amp; Co.; London, 1926.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e9. Jennu, Delia: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLetter from Peking \u003c/emph\u003eOxford UP; London, 1967.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e10. Busheel, Stephen W.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eChinese [UNK] \u003c/emph\u003eV. I Eyre \u0026amp; Spottiswoode; London, 1909.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e11. Smith, Arthur H.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eChinese Characteristics \u003c/emph\u003e3rd ed. Fleming H. Revell Co.; n.y., 1894.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e12. 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Thiel, albert W.R.:  Chinese Pottery and Stoneware  Thos. nelson \u0026 Sons; N.Y., N.D.","4. Goette, John:  Jade Lore  Kelly \u0026 Walsh; Shanghai, 1936.","5. Forsyth, Robb. Coventry:  Shanting, The Sacred Province of China  Christian Literature Society; Shanghai, 1912","6. Graham, Dorothy:  Through the moon Door  J. H. Sears \u0026 Co.; N.Y., 1926.","7. Brandt, J.:  Introduction to Literary Chinese  North China Union Language School; Peking, 1927.","8. Weale, B.L. Putnam:  The Vanished Empire  Macmillan \u0026 Co.; London, 1926.","9. Jennu, Delia:  Letter from Peking  Oxford UP; London, 1967.","10. Busheel, Stephen W.:  Chinese [UNK]  V. I Eyre \u0026 Spottiswoode; London, 1909.","11. Smith, Arthur H.:  Chinese Characteristics  3rd ed. Fleming H. Revell Co.; n.y., 1894.","12. Grubb, Norman P.:  C.T.Studd,  Cricketer \u0026 Pioneer  Religious Tract Society; London, 1933.","13. Martin, W.A.P.:  The Siege in Peking  Oliphant Anderson \u0026 Ferrier; Edinburgh, 1900.","14. Lymn, Jermyn Chi-Hung:  Social Life of The Chinese in Peking  China Booksellers; Peking, 1928.","15. Strong, [UNK] [UNK]:  a Sketch of Chinese Cuts \u0026 Crafts  China Bhsellers; Peking, 1926."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe daughter of Dr. Charles Fletcher Johnson and Agnes Elliott Johnson, Ruth Clarke was born on April 2, 1890 in Wei Hsien, Shantung, China where she quickly mastered Mandarin Chinese. She was educated at Miss Jewell's School in Shanghai which was also attended by Miss Pearl Buck. After visiting her Uncle Hosmer Johnson in Washington D.C., Ruth entered and graduated from Wilson College (Chambersburg, Pa.) in 1912. She then returned to Shanghai to accept a teaching position at Miss Jewell's.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1916 Ruth Johnson accepted a new position in the Peking American School. It was there that she met J. Eric G. Clarke whom she married on June 21, 1916 in Tsinanfu, Shantung. The Rev. W. P. Chalfant officiated. Kathleen Clarke, Margaret Emma Johnson, Gerald Clarke and Hosmer F. Johnson were members of the wedding party Dating from this ceremony, the couple often signed their combined correspondence Rutheric. Following a brief honeymoon in Tai Shan, the couple returned to Peking where they resided for the next 16 years. During this period Mrs. Clarke made several trips to the United States where she exhibited many of the fabulous Oriental art treasures she had collected throughout her stay in China.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSoon after the couple moved to Shanghai the threat of war between Japan and China became reality. Overnight, internment camps were set up for aliens like the Clarkes. Their homes were occupied by Japanese soldiers as soon as they were evacuated by the local Occupation authorities. 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After visiting her Uncle Hosmer Johnson in Washington D.C., Ruth entered and graduated from Wilson College (Chambersburg, Pa.) in 1912. She then returned to Shanghai to accept a teaching position at Miss Jewell's.","In 1916 Ruth Johnson accepted a new position in the Peking American School. It was there that she met J. Eric G. Clarke whom she married on June 21, 1916 in Tsinanfu, Shantung. The Rev. W. P. Chalfant officiated. Kathleen Clarke, Margaret Emma Johnson, Gerald Clarke and Hosmer F. Johnson were members of the wedding party Dating from this ceremony, the couple often signed their combined correspondence Rutheric. Following a brief honeymoon in Tai Shan, the couple returned to Peking where they resided for the next 16 years. During this period Mrs. Clarke made several trips to the United States where she exhibited many of the fabulous Oriental art treasures she had collected throughout her stay in China.","Soon after the couple moved to Shanghai the threat of war between Japan and China became reality. Overnight, internment camps were set up for aliens like the Clarkes. Their homes were occupied by Japanese soldiers as soon as they were evacuated by the local Occupation authorities. From April 10, 1943 until a few weeks following the Japanese surrender to MacArthur on August 14, 1945, the Clarkes were confined at Lung Hwa Camp near Peking.","Among the nearly 1800 interns at Lung Hwa were men and women from all professions and backgrounds. Although spirits were high during the first season at the camp, morale worsened during the winter--food became scarce and poorer in quality and the stoves which the Japanese installed on each floor of the ten dormitories were never lit. The cubicles they occupied were 4`8 by 22' long. Despite the difficult conditions they encountered at the camp, the Clarkes and their fellow inmates managed to maintain a high level of personal development which is reflected in the many activities enjoyed at the camp: lectures, plays, musical productions and many other kinds of intellectual stimulation. One of the most amusing highlights of their stay was the development of a game called Dictionary Please. Because of their limited reading material, the Clarkes designed a game which relied only upon the dictionary they brought with them and their active imaginations. The game was so successful that it became a partial livelihood following their return to America in 1946.","Residing in Portland, Oregon, Mr. and Mrs. Clarke remained active socially and intellectually. Mrs. Clarke served as president of Zonta International and the Lewis and Clarke's Women's League. Mrs. Clarke now resides in Mountain View, California."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGift of Ruth Elliott Johnson Clarke.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["Gift of Ruth Elliott Johnson Clarke."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item] Clarke Family Papers, M0292, Dept. of Special Collections, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, Calif.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item] Clarke Family Papers, M0292, Dept. of Special Collections, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, Calif."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, photographs (of China), books and pamphlets about Chinese art, etc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Correspondence, photographs (of China), books and pamphlets about Chinese art, etc."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProperty rights reside with the repository. 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To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections."],"names_ssim":["Department of Special Collections and University Archives","Clarke family"],"corpname_ssim":["Department of Special Collections and University Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Clarke family"],"famname_ssim":["Clarke family"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":348,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"m0292-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:07:35.736Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/m0292-xml_aspace_ref240_u2w"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"David V. Tinder Collection of Michigan Photography, County File, Wayne County 1865-1985","value":"David V. Tinder Collection of Michigan Photography, County File, Wayne County 1865-1985","hits":366},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=David+V.+Tinder+Collection+of+Michigan+Photography%2C+County+File%2C+Wayne+County+1865-1985\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968","value":"Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968","hits":349},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Clarke+Family+Papers%2C+1904-1968\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Re-Imagining Collection, 1993-2016","value":"Re-Imagining Collection, 1993-2016","hits":346},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Re-Imagining+Collection%2C+1993-2016\u0026view=compact"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Dossiers of Award Nominees\n1984-1985, 1998, 2016","value":"Dossiers of Award Nominees\n1984-1985, 1998, 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