{"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?facet.page=6\u0026page=355\u0026view=list","prev":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?facet.page=6\u0026page=354\u0026view=list","next":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?facet.page=6\u0026page=356\u0026view=list","last":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?facet.page=6\u0026page=539\u0026view=list"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":355,"next_page":356,"prev_page":354,"total_pages":539,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":3540,"total_count":5389,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"umich-bhl-9840_aspace_ddb3b407a24fb5bd792cdf1b96f21c58","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Manufactured Housing, slides","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-9840_aspace_ddb3b407a24fb5bd792cdf1b96f21c58#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_ddb3b407a24fb5bd792cdf1b96f21c58","ref_ssm":["aspace_ddb3b407a24fb5bd792cdf1b96f21c58","aspace_ddb3b407a24fb5bd792cdf1b96f21c58"],"id":"umich-bhl-9840_aspace_ddb3b407a24fb5bd792cdf1b96f21c58","title_filing_ssi":"Manufactured Housing, slides","title_ssm":["Manufactured Housing, slides"],"title_tesim":["Manufactured Housing, slides"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Manufactured Housing, slides"],"text":["Manufactured Housing, slides","Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969","Lane Projects","Project Files"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-9840","aspace_2a85f49ecaa452b96278d524dd0bed54","aspace_1d9442eadce1fc29b150f380108525f8"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_1d9442eadce1fc29b150f380108525f8","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-9840","umich-bhl-9840_aspace_2a85f49ecaa452b96278d524dd0bed54","umich-bhl-9840_aspace_1d9442eadce1fc29b150f380108525f8"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969","Lane Projects","Project Files"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969","Lane Projects","Project Files"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","File"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":1,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":29,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to research, except for some files in box 2 that are restricted to staff use only."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#1/components#3","_nest_parent_":"umich-bhl-9840_aspace_1d9442eadce1fc29b150f380108525f8","_root_":"umich-bhl-9840","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:24:36.652Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-9840","title_ssm":["Charles W. Lane papers"],"title_tesim":["Charles W. Lane papers"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-9840","unitdate_ssm":["1935-1997","1958-1969"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1958-1969"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1935-1997"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["9840 Aa 2"],"text":["9840 Aa 2","Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969","Ann Arbor (Mich.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.","Hawaii.","Houma (La.)","Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands, Japan)","Manila (Philippines)","Nagasaki-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Okinawa Island (Japan)","Wakayama-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Architectural practice -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Architects -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Buildings, Prefabricated.","Mobile home parks -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","World War, 1939-1945.","Architectural drawings.","Iwo Jima, Battle of, Japan, 1945.","World War, 1939-1945.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","Military art and science.","Mobile homes.","Schools -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","War damage -- Japan -- Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands)","War damage -- Japan -- Nagasaki-Shi.","War damage -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","War damage -- Japan -- Wakayama-Shi.","War damage -- Philippines -- Manila.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Destruction and pillage.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military personnel.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military life.","Architectural drawings.","Photographs.","The collection is open to research, except for some files in box 2 that are restricted to staff use only.","No further additions to the papers are expected.","Charles Wesley Lane was born in 1919. He began his career as an architect by working at construction sites during his summer breaks from the University of Michigan, from 1937 through 1941. He then worked for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on the MacArthur Lock in Sault St. Marie. Following Lane's graduation from the University of Michigan he served in World War II. He was in Louisiana for a short time, helping to supervise construction of a blimp hangar. He then began work as a Photo Interpretation officer and was part of the landing at Iwo Jima and Okinawa. He also spent some time in Nagasaki after the atomic bomb. Upon returning he went to work as an architect for George Brigham in Ann Arbor. Brigham's office was divided into two areas, research and production. Lane was assigned to work in research as an architect for Brigham's Progressive Homes Corporation (PHC). The goal of PHC was to design a completely prefabricated home that could be erected in eight hours (with the footings already in place) for the price of $1500. Brigham began the company with funders that included Eugene Cassaroll of Dual Motors. Lane describes the other investors as \"auto people from Detroit.\" The investors disassociated Brigham from the research division when his pace of development did not move along as quickly as they had hoped. The head of PHC was Ira E. \"Mickey\" Gillen, a former production manager for Chrysler Motors."," Gillen and the investors acquired 100,000 square feet of space in Pine Bluff, Arkansas to manufacture their homes. Gillen arranged for the building supplies to come from a variety of companies across the U.S. In a reflection of Gillen's automotive background, he wanted the pieces of the houses brought to Arkansas and assembled as pieces of a car are brought to a central location to be assembled. Gillen set up dealerships for the houses in every state and in England, France and South America. In South America he had a contract for 10,000 homes and in California a naval station wanted 5,000 houses, if they were financed by the Federal Housing Administration. The first two manufactured homes were built in Indiana, then Wisconsin. At about the fifth or sixth house, the local authorities would not issue a building permit because the local plumbers union was against the use of stamped steel in the building. Gillen had the support of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) over the plumbers, but the FHA still would not finance the homes. This was the end of the company because no one would finance the building of the houses. Since 1947, 400 homes had come off of the assembly line. Those homes were built around Washington D.C. because of a contract the PHC had with the government, which the latter was forced to honor. By 1948, about 250 similar companies producing manufactured homes had sprung up around the United States."," After the failure of PHC, Lane went to work for the Walter Aneche firm in Ann Arbor; he worked at the firm from 1948 to 1952. Lane designed drawings for  Good Housekeeping  and schools in Michigan. In 1952 Lane established his own firm in Ann Arbor with architects Alex Riebe and Keith Weiland. Lane developed a 24 x 36 steel sheet that was repetitive and was used in about 400 schools in Michigan. Lane designed many schools and residences throughout Michigan with his firm. The firm was hired in the 1960s to design Huron High School in Ann Arbor, Michigan. This was the largest, most unique school that he designed. He originally made 17 designs of the building, all which were rectangular in shape. In an effort to save money he created a circular design that reduced corridor space and cost. Lane was lauded for the unique design and budget reducing measures. In addition to the actual structure, Lane also made recommendations, which were followed, on where Huron Parkway should be placed."," In 1971, shortly after the completion of Huron High School, Lane left his firm to pursue his interest in manufactured housing. Alex Riebe moved the firm to Farmington, Michigan. Lane saw that many of the same obstacles remained, with the exception of the invention of the mobile home park. In the late 1960s Lane designed a mobile home park in Almont, Michigan which was unique because it had paved streets, parking, and landscaping.","The collection is arranged into five series, Brigham Building System, Lane Projects, Huron High School, Personal and World War II Military Service. The series include the many projects that Charles Wesley Lane worked on during his architectural career and some materials from his military service as well. The collection is composed of photographs, slides, microfilm, microfiche and prints. The researcher will be interested in the variety of architectural projects in which Lane was involved, which include schools, mobile homes, churches, and other types of structures. A small number of photographs of Nagasaki after the atomic bomb may also be of interest.","Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Architect based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Project files relate to work with George Brigham and his system of constructing prefabricated homes, 1944-1947; files relating to design and construction of Huron High School in Ann Arbor; other projects concern design of mobile home parks and other Michigan school buildings.","Bentley Historical Library","Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)","Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-","Brigham, George Bickford, 1889-","English","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["9840 Aa 2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"collection_title_tesim":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"collection_ssim":["Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Ann Arbor (Mich.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.","Hawaii.","Houma (La.)","Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands, Japan)","Manila (Philippines)","Nagasaki-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Okinawa Island (Japan)","Wakayama-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945."],"geogname_ssim":["Ann Arbor (Mich.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.","Hawaii.","Houma (La.)","Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands, Japan)","Manila (Philippines)","Nagasaki-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Okinawa Island (Japan)","Wakayama-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945."],"creator_ssm":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"creator_ssim":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"creators_ssim":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"places_ssim":["Ann Arbor (Mich.) -- Buildings, structures, etc.","Hawaii.","Houma (La.)","Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands, Japan)","Manila (Philippines)","Nagasaki-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945.","Okinawa Island (Japan)","Wakayama-Shi (Japan) -- History -- Bombardment, 1945."],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The collection was donated by Charles Wesley Lane (donor  8716 ) in 1998; additions were received from the family in 2008."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Architectural practice -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Architects -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Buildings, Prefabricated.","Mobile home parks -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","World War, 1939-1945.","Architectural drawings.","Iwo Jima, Battle of, Japan, 1945.","World War, 1939-1945.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","Military art and science.","Mobile homes.","Schools -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","War damage -- Japan -- Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands)","War damage -- Japan -- Nagasaki-Shi.","War damage -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","War damage -- Japan -- Wakayama-Shi.","War damage -- Philippines -- Manila.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Destruction and pillage.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military personnel.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military life.","Architectural drawings.","Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Architectural practice -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Architects -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","Buildings, Prefabricated.","Mobile home parks -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","World War, 1939-1945.","Architectural drawings.","Iwo Jima, Battle of, Japan, 1945.","World War, 1939-1945.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Campaigns -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","Military art and science.","Mobile homes.","Schools -- Michigan.","Schools -- Michigan -- Ann Arbor.","War damage -- Japan -- Iwo Jima (Volcano Islands)","War damage -- Japan -- Nagasaki-Shi.","War damage -- Japan -- Okinawa Island.","War damage -- Japan -- Wakayama-Shi.","War damage -- Philippines -- Manila.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Destruction and pillage.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military personnel.","World War, 1939-1945 -- Military life.","Architectural drawings.","Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4.5 linear feet in 6 boxes","7 oversize folders"],"extent_tesim":["4.5 linear feet in 6 boxes","7 oversize folders"],"genreform_ssim":["Architectural drawings.","Photographs."],"date_range_isim":[1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research, except for some files in box 2 that are restricted to staff use only.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research, except for some files in box 2 that are restricted to staff use only."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo further additions to the papers are expected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["No further additions to the papers are expected."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCharles Wesley Lane was born in 1919. He began his career as an architect by working at construction sites during his summer breaks from the University of Michigan, from 1937 through 1941. He then worked for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on the MacArthur Lock in Sault St. Marie. Following Lane's graduation from the University of Michigan he served in World War II. He was in Louisiana for a short time, helping to supervise construction of a blimp hangar. He then began work as a Photo Interpretation officer and was part of the landing at Iwo Jima and Okinawa. He also spent some time in Nagasaki after the atomic bomb. Upon returning he went to work as an architect for George Brigham in Ann Arbor. Brigham's office was divided into two areas, research and production. Lane was assigned to work in research as an architect for Brigham's Progressive Homes Corporation (PHC). The goal of PHC was to design a completely prefabricated home that could be erected in eight hours (with the footings already in place) for the price of $1500. Brigham began the company with funders that included Eugene Cassaroll of Dual Motors. Lane describes the other investors as \"auto people from Detroit.\" The investors disassociated Brigham from the research division when his pace of development did not move along as quickly as they had hoped. The head of PHC was Ira E. \"Mickey\" Gillen, a former production manager for Chrysler Motors.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Gillen and the investors acquired 100,000 square feet of space in Pine Bluff, Arkansas to manufacture their homes. Gillen arranged for the building supplies to come from a variety of companies across the U.S. In a reflection of Gillen's automotive background, he wanted the pieces of the houses brought to Arkansas and assembled as pieces of a car are brought to a central location to be assembled. Gillen set up dealerships for the houses in every state and in England, France and South America. In South America he had a contract for 10,000 homes and in California a naval station wanted 5,000 houses, if they were financed by the Federal Housing Administration. The first two manufactured homes were built in Indiana, then Wisconsin. At about the fifth or sixth house, the local authorities would not issue a building permit because the local plumbers union was against the use of stamped steel in the building. Gillen had the support of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) over the plumbers, but the FHA still would not finance the homes. This was the end of the company because no one would finance the building of the houses. Since 1947, 400 homes had come off of the assembly line. Those homes were built around Washington D.C. because of a contract the PHC had with the government, which the latter was forced to honor. By 1948, about 250 similar companies producing manufactured homes had sprung up around the United States.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e After the failure of PHC, Lane went to work for the Walter Aneche firm in Ann Arbor; he worked at the firm from 1948 to 1952. Lane designed drawings for \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eGood Housekeeping\u003c/title\u003e and schools in Michigan. In 1952 Lane established his own firm in Ann Arbor with architects Alex Riebe and Keith Weiland. Lane developed a 24 x 36 steel sheet that was repetitive and was used in about 400 schools in Michigan. Lane designed many schools and residences throughout Michigan with his firm. The firm was hired in the 1960s to design Huron High School in Ann Arbor, Michigan. This was the largest, most unique school that he designed. He originally made 17 designs of the building, all which were rectangular in shape. In an effort to save money he created a circular design that reduced corridor space and cost. Lane was lauded for the unique design and budget reducing measures. In addition to the actual structure, Lane also made recommendations, which were followed, on where Huron Parkway should be placed.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1971, shortly after the completion of Huron High School, Lane left his firm to pursue his interest in manufactured housing. Alex Riebe moved the firm to Farmington, Michigan. Lane saw that many of the same obstacles remained, with the exception of the invention of the mobile home park. In the late 1960s Lane designed a mobile home park in Almont, Michigan which was unique because it had paved streets, parking, and landscaping.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Charles Wesley Lane was born in 1919. He began his career as an architect by working at construction sites during his summer breaks from the University of Michigan, from 1937 through 1941. He then worked for the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers on the MacArthur Lock in Sault St. Marie. Following Lane's graduation from the University of Michigan he served in World War II. He was in Louisiana for a short time, helping to supervise construction of a blimp hangar. He then began work as a Photo Interpretation officer and was part of the landing at Iwo Jima and Okinawa. He also spent some time in Nagasaki after the atomic bomb. Upon returning he went to work as an architect for George Brigham in Ann Arbor. Brigham's office was divided into two areas, research and production. Lane was assigned to work in research as an architect for Brigham's Progressive Homes Corporation (PHC). The goal of PHC was to design a completely prefabricated home that could be erected in eight hours (with the footings already in place) for the price of $1500. Brigham began the company with funders that included Eugene Cassaroll of Dual Motors. Lane describes the other investors as \"auto people from Detroit.\" The investors disassociated Brigham from the research division when his pace of development did not move along as quickly as they had hoped. The head of PHC was Ira E. \"Mickey\" Gillen, a former production manager for Chrysler Motors."," Gillen and the investors acquired 100,000 square feet of space in Pine Bluff, Arkansas to manufacture their homes. Gillen arranged for the building supplies to come from a variety of companies across the U.S. In a reflection of Gillen's automotive background, he wanted the pieces of the houses brought to Arkansas and assembled as pieces of a car are brought to a central location to be assembled. Gillen set up dealerships for the houses in every state and in England, France and South America. In South America he had a contract for 10,000 homes and in California a naval station wanted 5,000 houses, if they were financed by the Federal Housing Administration. The first two manufactured homes were built in Indiana, then Wisconsin. At about the fifth or sixth house, the local authorities would not issue a building permit because the local plumbers union was against the use of stamped steel in the building. Gillen had the support of the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) over the plumbers, but the FHA still would not finance the homes. This was the end of the company because no one would finance the building of the houses. Since 1947, 400 homes had come off of the assembly line. Those homes were built around Washington D.C. because of a contract the PHC had with the government, which the latter was forced to honor. By 1948, about 250 similar companies producing manufactured homes had sprung up around the United States."," After the failure of PHC, Lane went to work for the Walter Aneche firm in Ann Arbor; he worked at the firm from 1948 to 1952. Lane designed drawings for  Good Housekeeping  and schools in Michigan. In 1952 Lane established his own firm in Ann Arbor with architects Alex Riebe and Keith Weiland. Lane developed a 24 x 36 steel sheet that was repetitive and was used in about 400 schools in Michigan. Lane designed many schools and residences throughout Michigan with his firm. The firm was hired in the 1960s to design Huron High School in Ann Arbor, Michigan. This was the largest, most unique school that he designed. He originally made 17 designs of the building, all which were rectangular in shape. In an effort to save money he created a circular design that reduced corridor space and cost. Lane was lauded for the unique design and budget reducing measures. In addition to the actual structure, Lane also made recommendations, which were followed, on where Huron Parkway should be placed."," In 1971, shortly after the completion of Huron High School, Lane left his firm to pursue his interest in manufactured housing. Alex Riebe moved the firm to Farmington, Michigan. Lane saw that many of the same obstacles remained, with the exception of the invention of the mobile home park. In the late 1960s Lane designed a mobile home park in Almont, Michigan which was unique because it had paved streets, parking, and landscaping."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item], folder, box, Charles W. Lane papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item], folder, box, Charles W. Lane papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is arranged into five series, Brigham Building System, Lane Projects, Huron High School, Personal and World War II Military Service. The series include the many projects that Charles Wesley Lane worked on during his architectural career and some materials from his military service as well. The collection is composed of photographs, slides, microfilm, microfiche and prints. The researcher will be interested in the variety of architectural projects in which Lane was involved, which include schools, mobile homes, churches, and other types of structures. A small number of photographs of Nagasaki after the atomic bomb may also be of interest.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection is arranged into five series, Brigham Building System, Lane Projects, Huron High School, Personal and World War II Military Service. The series include the many projects that Charles Wesley Lane worked on during his architectural career and some materials from his military service as well. The collection is composed of photographs, slides, microfilm, microfiche and prints. The researcher will be interested in the variety of architectural projects in which Lane was involved, which include schools, mobile homes, churches, and other types of structures. A small number of photographs of Nagasaki after the atomic bomb may also be of interest."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1711e8ec6440e36b108652ca8e44f52e\"\u003eArchitect based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Project files relate to work with George Brigham and his system of constructing prefabricated homes, 1944-1947; files relating to design and construction of Huron High School in Ann Arbor; other projects concern design of mobile home parks and other Michigan school buildings.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Architect based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Project files relate to work with George Brigham and his system of constructing prefabricated homes, 1944-1947; files relating to design and construction of Huron High School in Ann Arbor; other projects concern design of mobile home parks and other Michigan school buildings."],"names_coll_ssim":["Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)","Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)","Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-","Brigham, George Bickford, 1889-","Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-"],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)","Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-","Brigham, George Bickford, 1889-"],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","Huron High School (Ann Arbor, Mich.)"],"persname_ssim":["Lane, Charles W. (Charles Wesley), 1919-","Brigham, George Bickford, 1889-"],"language_ssim":["English","The material is in  English"],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":135,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-9840","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:24:36.652Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-9840_aspace_ddb3b407a24fb5bd792cdf1b96f21c58"}},{"id":"ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_fd2aa7d10791fa06ff225766fb235523d231c470","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Manuscripts, Correspondence, Letter from Ernest to “Dear Dad”, October 28, 1919, with certificate of Authenticity signed by Ernest Hemingway Mainland, June 25, 2007. (This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.), October 28, 1919; June 25, 2007","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_fd2aa7d10791fa06ff225766fb235523d231c470#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"al_fd2aa7d10791fa06ff225766fb235523d231c470","ref_ssm":["al_fd2aa7d10791fa06ff225766fb235523d231c470","al_fd2aa7d10791fa06ff225766fb235523d231c470"],"id":"ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_fd2aa7d10791fa06ff225766fb235523d231c470","title_filing_ssi":"Manuscripts, Correspondence, Letter from Ernest to “Dear Dad”, October 28, 1919, with certificate of Authenticity signed by Ernest Hemingway Mainland, June 25, 2007. (This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.), October 28, 1919; June 25, 2007","title_ssm":["Manuscripts, Correspondence, Letter from Ernest to “Dear Dad”, October 28, 1919, with certificate of Authenticity signed by Ernest Hemingway Mainland, June 25, 2007. (This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.), October 28, 1919; June 25, 2007"],"title_tesim":["Manuscripts, Correspondence, Letter from Ernest to “Dear Dad”, October 28, 1919, with certificate of Authenticity signed by Ernest Hemingway Mainland, June 25, 2007. (This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.), October 28, 1919; June 25, 2007"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Manuscripts, Correspondence, Letter from Ernest to “Dear Dad”, October 28, 1919, with certificate of Authenticity signed by Ernest Hemingway Mainland, June 25, 2007. (This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.), October 28, 1919; June 25, 2007"],"text":["Manuscripts, Correspondence, Letter from Ernest to “Dear Dad”, October 28, 1919, with certificate of Authenticity signed by Ernest Hemingway Mainland, June 25, 2007. (This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.), October 28, 1919; June 25, 2007","Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated","Ernest Hemingway Collection","Box 2","Folder 25"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["ehll--HemingwayErnest","al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980"],"parent_ssi":"al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980","parent_ids_ssim":["ehll--HemingwayErnest","ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated","Ernest Hemingway Collection"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated","Ernest Hemingway Collection"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["Central Michigan University Clarke Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":118,"containers_ssim":["Box 2","Folder 25"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#116","_nest_parent_":"ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980","_root_":"ehll--HemingwayErnest","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:25:31.217Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"ehll--HemingwayErnest","title_ssm":["\nErnest Hemingway Collection,\n \n1901, 2014, and undated\n"],"title_tesim":["\nErnest Hemingway Collection,\n \n1901, 2014, and undated\n"],"ead_ssi":"ehll--HemingwayErnest","level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["\nMSS.\n"],"text":["\nMSS.\n","Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated","Authors, American--20th century.","War and society--United States--History--20th century.","World War, 1914-1918--Veterans.","The collection is divided into three series: materials by and about Ernest Hemingway, the diaries of his uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society.","Biography:","Ernest Hemingway was born July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois, the son of Clarence E. Hemingway, a doctor, and Grace Hall-Hemingway, a musician and voice teacher. He had four sisters and a brother. Every summer, the family summered at the family cottage, named Windemere, on Walloon Lake near Petoskey, Michigan.","After Ernest graduated from high school in June 1917, he joined the Missouri Home Guard. Before it was called to active duty, he served as a volunteer ambulance driver for the American Red Cross. On July 8, 1918 Hemingway was wounded by an Austrian trench mortar. He spent the subsequent summer and fall recovering from his leg wounds in the Milan Red Cross hospital. In Europe, Hemingway met nurse Agnes Von Kurowsky. He thought they were engaged when he returned to the U.S. on January 21, 1919, but she broke off whatever relationship they had had in March 1919.","In January 1920, the city editor of the Toronto Star agreed to buy Hemingway’s stories on a piece by piece basis as they suited the paper. The paper regularly printed his features on dental schools, prizefights, free shaves, trout fishing, rum-running and, later, on Chicago gangsters. He returned to Chicago in May 1920.","In September 1921, Hemingway married Hadley Richardson at Horton Bay, Michigan. They had planned to live in Italy, but were advised by Sherwood Anderson that a would-be-writer should live in Paris. In January 1922, the couple moved into an apartment in Paris’ Latin Quarter.","The Hemingways later returned to Toronto, where Ernest found that the new editor of the Star did not like him.  His first assignment upon his return was to cover a prison escape. He used one prisoner as the basis for his male, loner, anti-social characters, which later appeared in a number of his stories.","Hemingway’s first son, John Hadley Nicanor, was born in Toronto in October  1923.","Furious with his editor, Hemingway returned to Paris in January 1924, living near Ezra Pound. His mentors and friends in Paris included Pound, Sylvia Beach, and Gertrude Stein. Through these three writers, he got to know every expatriate American writer and new artists in Paris. Hemingway developed an appreciation for the insider, the man who knew the language, food and customs of foreign countries.","Between 1924 and 1929, Hemingway rose from obscurity to being one of the best-known American writers of his generation.  His publications in those years included In our time (1925), his breakthrough novel, (The) Sun also rises (1926), Men without women (1927), and (A) Farewell to arms (1929). He spent his summers in Spain following bullfights and his winters skiing in Switzerland, with Paris as his base.","Hadley divorced Ernest in April 1927. She received lifelong rights to the income from (The) Sun also rises. Hemingway then married Pauline Pfeiffer, with whom he had had an affair for over a year, in May 1927.","Ernest and Pauline returned to the U.S. for the cesarean birth of their son, Patrick, who was born in 1928. Also in 1928, Ernest’s father, Clarence Hemingway, committed suicide.","Pauline and Ernest enjoyed Key West fishing and Wyoming dude ranches. After a year of living in and out of Paris, they moved back to Key West in 1930.","In 1930, the sale of the film rights to (A) Farewell to arms brought Hemingway $24,000. Besides that, they lived on Pauline’s trust fund and Ernest’s income from writing. Her wealthy uncle, Augustus Pfeiffer, paid for their home in Key West and their African safari. Pauline and Ernest’s second son, Gregory, was born in 1931. Hemingway also was paid for his book, Death in the afternoon (1932).","During the 1930s, Hemingway wrote Winner takes nothing (1933), Green hills of Africa (1935), several short stories, and a series of personal essays called “Letters” for Esquire magazine. In September 1937 he reported on the Spanish Civil War in Madrid.  In October 1937, Hemingway was featured on the cover of Time magazine and wrote To have and have not. Hemingway also wrote a narrative to the film (The) Spanish earth and wrote his only play, (The) Fifth column (1938).","By February 1939, his marriage to Pauline was essentially over. He had an affair with Martha Gellhorn since 1937. Hemingway moved to Havana and began For whom the bell tolls. On December 24, 1939, Ernest and Martha moved to La Finca Vigia, a house with property outside of Havana. There, he finished For whom the bell tolls, which was released to ecstatic reviews on October 21, 1940. Four days later Paramount Pictures offered Hemingway $100,000 for the film rights. In early November 1940, Pauline’s divorce suit against Ernest on the grounds of desertion was granted. He married Martha Gellhorn a few weeks later.","During World War II, Hemingway suffered with the beginning of severe depression and had a long block in his writing ability. Except for writing an introduction of Men at war (1942) he wrote nothing until 1944. In April 1944 he began work as a war correspondent for Collier’s, displacing Martha. By late May 1944 Hemingway’s marriage to Martha was basically over and he met Mary Welsh Monks, soon to be his fourth wife.","Between June and December 1944, Hemingway deliberately put himself in dangerous positions. He went aboard a landing craft on D-Day, June 6. He twice flew on Royal Air Force missions intercepting German rockets and led a group of French irregulars and unattached GIs towards the liberation of Paris and the Ritz Bar. Two of his essays were published in Collier’s.","In 1945 Hemingway returned to New York and Cuba. Mary joined him in May. In September he sued Martha for divorce on the grounds of desertion. In November the sale of two of his stories for movie rights brought him $112,000.","Hemingway married Mary Welsh Monks in Havana in March 1946. In 1947, he was diagnosed with high blood pressure. From that time forward, Hemingway fought hypertension, diabetes, depression, paranoia, and perhaps hemochromatosis. He also began work on a trilogy, Islands, Garden of Eden, and (A) Moveable feast.","From September 1948 through April 1949, the Hemingways lived in northern Italy. There, he became infatuated with an eighteen-year-old beauty, Adriana Ivancich. Mary tolerated it. In late April the Hemingways returned to Cuba. He wrote Across the river and into the trees (1950), about a dying American colonel and a teenage Venetian beauty. It received overwhelmingly negative reviews. By late 1950 Ivancich and her mother were visiting Finca. Mary wanted out of the marriage, but stayed in it.","In 1951 Hemingway complete the first draft of (The) Old man and the sea and the Islands manuscript.","Grace Hall-Hemingway died in June 1951 and Pauline Hemingway in October 1951. The combination of these deaths was difficult for Hemingway to handle.","Life paid him $40,000 for serial rights and sold five million copies of its September 1, 1952 issue containing (The) Old man and the sea. Scribners sold out 40,000 first run copies of the novella. In April 1953, a film crew arrived in Havana to film the epic. In May, Hemingway was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for fiction for the book.","In June, Ernest and Mary left Havana for Europe and Africa. After surviving a nearly fatal plane crash, the Hemingways recuperated in Venice. In June 1954, they returned to Havana. In October, Hemingway learned that he had been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, but due to ill health, he could not travel to Stockholm.","From 1955 to 1961 Hemingway suffered increasing bad health, and paranoia-ridden depression. He wrote steadily on his trilogy. In January 1959, the Batista government fell to the Castro revolution. The Hemingways, on vacation in the U.S., bought a house in Ketchum, Idaho, from which he could watch the revolution on television.","In 1959, Ernest returned to Spain to cover the bullfights. His mood shifts frightened his wife and bewildered his friends. His health worsened. In November 1960 Hemingway entered Mayo Clinic to be treated for hypertension, an enlarged liver, paranoia, and severe depression. He received shock treatments. By late April 1961 Hemingway had twice attempted suicide.","On July 2, 1961 he blew his head off. Hemingway was survived by his wife, two of his ex-wives, and his three sons. (This information is from American National Biography Online).","Materials by and about Ernest Hemingway in the collection include numerous periodicals with Articles by or about Hemingway, his books, and movies based on his books; numerous Movie Posters; other Posters of Hemingway, his homes, books, or exhibits about him; Photographs (copies), mostly from movies based on his books and some from the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library; the (Film) ‘Adventures of a Young Man’, undated (4 reels): Manuscript Correspondence, four Letters written by Hemingway, one to Jim Gamble written on April 18 and 27, 1919, one dated Oct. 28, 1919 to Ernest's father, Dr. Clarence Hemingway (framed), one dated Nov. 12, 1919 to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway (framed), and one dated 2 Feb. 1960 to his son, J. H. N. Hemingway, as well as copies of two letters written by Hemingway to Owen Wister dated March 1 and 11, 1929 (the originals are in the Library of Congress). Brochures; Advertisements; Exhibit Brochures; Postcards; Auction Catalogs; Sheet Music; Miscellaneous materials. Biographical Information (copies) and ramed Items for exhibits, including posters, photographs, and other materials.","Of particular interest is the first letter (original six p., and a copy) written by Hemingway on April 18 and 27, 1919 to his friend Jim Gamble, the Proctor and Gamble heir, detailing his desire to write even though submissions for publication were rejected, his dashed hopes for marriage, his hunger for recognition, his love of northern Michigan and trout fishing, and notes about people whose company he enjoyed while staying at Windemere Cottage, near Petoskey, Michigan. During this time, Hemingway was recovering from war wounds and a broken heart. The letter is typed with his signature. Included with the letter are copies of two Hemingway letters to Owen Wister, March 1 (6 p.) and 11 (5 p.), 1929, copied from the Library of Congress, and a letter to Henry M. Watts from Theodore Voorhees, December 11, 1979, concerning the copied letters. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The second manuscript letter is written by Ernest to “Dear Dad”, dated October 28. This letter is accompanied by a certificate of authenticity by Ernest Hemingway Mainland dated June 25, 2007. The letter is typed with a signature and handwritten P.S. There are notations on the bottom of the letter “Rec’d 10/31/[1]919 and ans.[wered] 11/1/[1]919 CH [Clarence Hemingway]. The letter is two pages on one sheet of paper, which is folded in half, p. 1 is on top and p. 2 is underneath and upside down compared to p. 1. In the letter, Ernest notes he had a hard trip up the Missouri to Petoskey, when he traveled to Boyne City to visit Wesley, and that with his “typer” he is leaving Thursday for Petoskey. Ernest also notes that he is working on the “Woppian Way” and has read several books. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The third letter (original two p. and envelope) written by Hemingway on November 11, 1919, mailed the following day, to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway in Oak Park, Illinois, from Petoskey, Michigan. In this letter, Ernest notes how he has been very ill with a bad sore throat, notes Armistice Day, his prayers for the dead, complains of President Wilson robbing the “wops” and mentions Fiume. [Fiume was given to Yugoslavia from Italy.]He notes it is a lovely day, the linotypers are on strike so eastern magazines are not accepting articles, that he sent an article to the Post, that he is reading and working a lot, mentions the Bumps, and sends love to his family. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The fourth letter from Ernest at Finca Vigia, Cuba, is addressed to his son “Dear Bum,” J. H. N. Hemingway in San Francisco, dated 8 February 1960. It is the only handwritten letter and is accompanied by the envelope, which is also handwritten. In the letter Ernest thanks Bun for his letter, and asks him to check on Christmas gifts, which have not yet arrived, and several addresses. Ernest notes he is very busy working on a piece about bull fights and Death in the Afternoon. He also notes that Mary’s arm is improving with massage and therapy.","Diaries (12), 1938, 1951, of George R. Hemingway, Ernest’s uncle, are also included in the collection. George worked as a representative of the Charlevoix Country Nursery and lived, with his wife, Anna, in East Jordan, Michigan. (This information is from the collection.)","The organizational records, 1990-present, of the Michigan Hemingway Society, including Articles of Incorporations, By-laws, goals and objectives, celebration and conference materials, meeting minutes, financial statements, and other related materials, complete the collection.","While the majority of the collection is in English, some of the movie posters are in French, Italian, Spanish, Danish, Polish, and other languages. The collection is ongoing.","A later addition (Acc# 73683) is three folders donated by Pat Davis. These include 2012 copies of six photographs or postcards of Horton Bay, mainly buildings and scenic views, Correspondence to Wesley about Ernest and Marcelline being in school, 1905, and  to Mrs. Dilworth, announcing Ernest’s engagement, 1921, and sheet music, Song of Welcome, by Grace Hall-Hemingway, 1905. Also included is an announcement card that Dr. Clarence E. Hemingway moved his office to 221 Grove Avenue, 1905.The last folder includes newspaper clippings (copies) of Pat Davis, Dilworth House, and how life when Hemingway was there.","User Note: The collection has a decidedly musty to lightly moldy smell and patrons with allergies or breathing problems should use the collection with care.","Processing Note: Most of the numerous books that came to the Clarke with the collection have been cataloged. Those few books for which no catalog record could be found have been added to this manuscript collection. Later Oversized additions will be added at the end of the collection.","\nThis artificial collection includes articles by or about Hemingway, movie posters and photographs, manuscript letters, printed and miscellaneous materials about Ernest Hemingway and his books, diaries of Ernest's uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society. \n","Clarke Historical Library , Central Michigan University","Michigan Hemingway Society.","Hemingway family.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Biography.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Correspondence.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Criticism and Interpretation.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Farewell to arms.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--For whom the bell tolls.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Cuba--Havana--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Florida--Key West--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Moveable feast.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Old man and the sea.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Portraits--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Sun also rises.","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["\nMSS.\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated"],"collection_ssim":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated"],"repository_ssm":["Central Michigan University Clarke Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["Central Michigan University Clarke Historical Library"],"creator_ssm":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961."],"creator_ssim":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961."],"creators_ssim":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961."],"acqinfo_ssim":["\nAcc# many\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Authors, American--20th century.","War and society--United States--History--20th century.","World War, 1914-1918--Veterans."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Authors, American--20th century.","War and society--United States--History--20th century.","World War, 1914-1918--Veterans."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6 cubic feet (in 7 boxes, 8 Oversized folders, 4 reels in 4 boxes, and 52 framed items)"],"extent_tesim":["6 cubic feet (in 7 boxes, 8 Oversized folders, 4 reels in 4 boxes, and 52 framed items)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into three series: materials by and about Ernest Hemingway, the diaries of his uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into three series: materials by and about Ernest Hemingway, the diaries of his uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBiography:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eErnest Hemingway was born July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois, the son of Clarence E. Hemingway, a doctor, and Grace Hall-Hemingway, a musician and voice teacher. He had four sisters and a brother. Every summer, the family summered at the family cottage, named Windemere, on Walloon Lake near Petoskey, Michigan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter Ernest graduated from high school in June 1917, he joined the Missouri Home Guard. Before it was called to active duty, he served as a volunteer ambulance driver for the American Red Cross. On July 8, 1918 Hemingway was wounded by an Austrian trench mortar. He spent the subsequent summer and fall recovering from his leg wounds in the Milan Red Cross hospital. In Europe, Hemingway met nurse Agnes Von Kurowsky. He thought they were engaged when he returned to the U.S. on January 21, 1919, but she broke off whatever relationship they had had in March 1919.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 1920, the city editor of the Toronto Star agreed to buy Hemingway\u0026#x2019;s stories on a piece by piece basis as they suited the paper. The paper regularly printed his features on dental schools, prizefights, free shaves, trout fishing, rum-running and, later, on Chicago gangsters. He returned to Chicago in May 1920.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn September 1921, Hemingway married Hadley Richardson at Horton Bay, Michigan. They had planned to live in Italy, but were advised by Sherwood Anderson that a would-be-writer should live in Paris. In January 1922, the couple moved into an apartment in Paris\u0026#x2019; Latin Quarter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Hemingways later returned to Toronto, where Ernest found that the new editor of the Star did not like him.  His first assignment upon his return was to cover a prison escape. He used one prisoner as the basis for his male, loner, anti-social characters, which later appeared in a number of his stories.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHemingway\u0026#x2019;s first son, John Hadley Nicanor, was born in Toronto in October  1923.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFurious with his editor, Hemingway returned to Paris in January 1924, living near Ezra Pound. His mentors and friends in Paris included Pound, Sylvia Beach, and Gertrude Stein. Through these three writers, he got to know every expatriate American writer and new artists in Paris. Hemingway developed an appreciation for the insider, the man who knew the language, food and customs of foreign countries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBetween 1924 and 1929, Hemingway rose from obscurity to being one of the best-known American writers of his generation.  His publications in those years included In our time (1925), his breakthrough novel, (The) Sun also rises (1926), Men without women (1927), and (A) Farewell to arms (1929). He spent his summers in Spain following bullfights and his winters skiing in Switzerland, with Paris as his base.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHadley divorced Ernest in April 1927. She received lifelong rights to the income from (The) Sun also rises. Hemingway then married Pauline Pfeiffer, with whom he had had an affair for over a year, in May 1927.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eErnest and Pauline returned to the U.S. for the cesarean birth of their son, Patrick, who was born in 1928. Also in 1928, Ernest\u0026#x2019;s father, Clarence Hemingway, committed suicide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePauline and Ernest enjoyed Key West fishing and Wyoming dude ranches. After a year of living in and out of Paris, they moved back to Key West in 1930.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1930, the sale of the film rights to (A) Farewell to arms brought Hemingway $24,000. Besides that, they lived on Pauline\u0026#x2019;s trust fund and Ernest\u0026#x2019;s income from writing. Her wealthy uncle, Augustus Pfeiffer, paid for their home in Key West and their African safari. Pauline and Ernest\u0026#x2019;s second son, Gregory, was born in 1931. Hemingway also was paid for his book, Death in the afternoon (1932).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1930s, Hemingway wrote Winner takes nothing (1933), Green hills of Africa (1935), several short stories, and a series of personal essays called \u0026#x201C;Letters\u0026#x201D; for Esquire magazine. In September 1937 he reported on the Spanish Civil War in Madrid.  In October 1937, Hemingway was featured on the cover of Time magazine and wrote To have and have not. Hemingway also wrote a narrative to the film (The) Spanish earth and wrote his only play, (The) Fifth column (1938).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy February 1939, his marriage to Pauline was essentially over. He had an affair with Martha Gellhorn since 1937. Hemingway moved to Havana and began For whom the bell tolls. On December 24, 1939, Ernest and Martha moved to La Finca Vigia, a house with property outside of Havana. There, he finished For whom the bell tolls, which was released to ecstatic reviews on October 21, 1940. Four days later Paramount Pictures offered Hemingway $100,000 for the film rights. In early November 1940, Pauline\u0026#x2019;s divorce suit against Ernest on the grounds of desertion was granted. He married Martha Gellhorn a few weeks later.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, Hemingway suffered with the beginning of severe depression and had a long block in his writing ability. Except for writing an introduction of Men at war (1942) he wrote nothing until 1944. In April 1944 he began work as a war correspondent for Collier\u0026#x2019;s, displacing Martha. By late May 1944 Hemingway\u0026#x2019;s marriage to Martha was basically over and he met Mary Welsh Monks, soon to be his fourth wife.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBetween June and December 1944, Hemingway deliberately put himself in dangerous positions. He went aboard a landing craft on D-Day, June 6. He twice flew on Royal Air Force missions intercepting German rockets and led a group of French irregulars and unattached GIs towards the liberation of Paris and the Ritz Bar. Two of his essays were published in Collier\u0026#x2019;s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1945 Hemingway returned to New York and Cuba. Mary joined him in May. In September he sued Martha for divorce on the grounds of desertion. In November the sale of two of his stories for movie rights brought him $112,000.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHemingway married Mary Welsh Monks in Havana in March 1946. In 1947, he was diagnosed with high blood pressure. From that time forward, Hemingway fought hypertension, diabetes, depression, paranoia, and perhaps hemochromatosis. He also began work on a trilogy, Islands, Garden of Eden, and (A) Moveable feast.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom September 1948 through April 1949, the Hemingways lived in northern Italy. There, he became infatuated with an eighteen-year-old beauty, Adriana Ivancich. Mary tolerated it. In late April the Hemingways returned to Cuba. He wrote Across the river and into the trees (1950), about a dying American colonel and a teenage Venetian beauty. It received overwhelmingly negative reviews. By late 1950 Ivancich and her mother were visiting Finca. Mary wanted out of the marriage, but stayed in it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1951 Hemingway complete the first draft of (The) Old man and the sea and the Islands manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGrace Hall-Hemingway died in June 1951 and Pauline Hemingway in October 1951. The combination of these deaths was difficult for Hemingway to handle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLife paid him $40,000 for serial rights and sold five million copies of its September 1, 1952 issue containing (The) Old man and the sea. Scribners sold out 40,000 first run copies of the novella. In April 1953, a film crew arrived in Havana to film the epic. In May, Hemingway was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for fiction for the book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn June, Ernest and Mary left Havana for Europe and Africa. After surviving a nearly fatal plane crash, the Hemingways recuperated in Venice. In June 1954, they returned to Havana. In October, Hemingway learned that he had been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, but due to ill health, he could not travel to Stockholm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1955 to 1961 Hemingway suffered increasing bad health, and paranoia-ridden depression. He wrote steadily on his trilogy. In January 1959, the Batista government fell to the Castro revolution. The Hemingways, on vacation in the U.S., bought a house in Ketchum, Idaho, from which he could watch the revolution on television.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1959, Ernest returned to Spain to cover the bullfights. His mood shifts frightened his wife and bewildered his friends. His health worsened. In November 1960 Hemingway entered Mayo Clinic to be treated for hypertension, an enlarged liver, paranoia, and severe depression. He received shock treatments. By late April 1961 Hemingway had twice attempted suicide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn July 2, 1961 he blew his head off. Hemingway was survived by his wife, two of his ex-wives, and his three sons. (This information is from American National Biography Online).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_tesim":["Biography:","Ernest Hemingway was born July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois, the son of Clarence E. Hemingway, a doctor, and Grace Hall-Hemingway, a musician and voice teacher. He had four sisters and a brother. Every summer, the family summered at the family cottage, named Windemere, on Walloon Lake near Petoskey, Michigan.","After Ernest graduated from high school in June 1917, he joined the Missouri Home Guard. Before it was called to active duty, he served as a volunteer ambulance driver for the American Red Cross. On July 8, 1918 Hemingway was wounded by an Austrian trench mortar. He spent the subsequent summer and fall recovering from his leg wounds in the Milan Red Cross hospital. In Europe, Hemingway met nurse Agnes Von Kurowsky. He thought they were engaged when he returned to the U.S. on January 21, 1919, but she broke off whatever relationship they had had in March 1919.","In January 1920, the city editor of the Toronto Star agreed to buy Hemingway’s stories on a piece by piece basis as they suited the paper. The paper regularly printed his features on dental schools, prizefights, free shaves, trout fishing, rum-running and, later, on Chicago gangsters. He returned to Chicago in May 1920.","In September 1921, Hemingway married Hadley Richardson at Horton Bay, Michigan. They had planned to live in Italy, but were advised by Sherwood Anderson that a would-be-writer should live in Paris. In January 1922, the couple moved into an apartment in Paris’ Latin Quarter.","The Hemingways later returned to Toronto, where Ernest found that the new editor of the Star did not like him.  His first assignment upon his return was to cover a prison escape. He used one prisoner as the basis for his male, loner, anti-social characters, which later appeared in a number of his stories.","Hemingway’s first son, John Hadley Nicanor, was born in Toronto in October  1923.","Furious with his editor, Hemingway returned to Paris in January 1924, living near Ezra Pound. His mentors and friends in Paris included Pound, Sylvia Beach, and Gertrude Stein. Through these three writers, he got to know every expatriate American writer and new artists in Paris. Hemingway developed an appreciation for the insider, the man who knew the language, food and customs of foreign countries.","Between 1924 and 1929, Hemingway rose from obscurity to being one of the best-known American writers of his generation.  His publications in those years included In our time (1925), his breakthrough novel, (The) Sun also rises (1926), Men without women (1927), and (A) Farewell to arms (1929). He spent his summers in Spain following bullfights and his winters skiing in Switzerland, with Paris as his base.","Hadley divorced Ernest in April 1927. She received lifelong rights to the income from (The) Sun also rises. Hemingway then married Pauline Pfeiffer, with whom he had had an affair for over a year, in May 1927.","Ernest and Pauline returned to the U.S. for the cesarean birth of their son, Patrick, who was born in 1928. Also in 1928, Ernest’s father, Clarence Hemingway, committed suicide.","Pauline and Ernest enjoyed Key West fishing and Wyoming dude ranches. After a year of living in and out of Paris, they moved back to Key West in 1930.","In 1930, the sale of the film rights to (A) Farewell to arms brought Hemingway $24,000. Besides that, they lived on Pauline’s trust fund and Ernest’s income from writing. Her wealthy uncle, Augustus Pfeiffer, paid for their home in Key West and their African safari. Pauline and Ernest’s second son, Gregory, was born in 1931. Hemingway also was paid for his book, Death in the afternoon (1932).","During the 1930s, Hemingway wrote Winner takes nothing (1933), Green hills of Africa (1935), several short stories, and a series of personal essays called “Letters” for Esquire magazine. In September 1937 he reported on the Spanish Civil War in Madrid.  In October 1937, Hemingway was featured on the cover of Time magazine and wrote To have and have not. Hemingway also wrote a narrative to the film (The) Spanish earth and wrote his only play, (The) Fifth column (1938).","By February 1939, his marriage to Pauline was essentially over. He had an affair with Martha Gellhorn since 1937. Hemingway moved to Havana and began For whom the bell tolls. On December 24, 1939, Ernest and Martha moved to La Finca Vigia, a house with property outside of Havana. There, he finished For whom the bell tolls, which was released to ecstatic reviews on October 21, 1940. Four days later Paramount Pictures offered Hemingway $100,000 for the film rights. In early November 1940, Pauline’s divorce suit against Ernest on the grounds of desertion was granted. He married Martha Gellhorn a few weeks later.","During World War II, Hemingway suffered with the beginning of severe depression and had a long block in his writing ability. Except for writing an introduction of Men at war (1942) he wrote nothing until 1944. In April 1944 he began work as a war correspondent for Collier’s, displacing Martha. By late May 1944 Hemingway’s marriage to Martha was basically over and he met Mary Welsh Monks, soon to be his fourth wife.","Between June and December 1944, Hemingway deliberately put himself in dangerous positions. He went aboard a landing craft on D-Day, June 6. He twice flew on Royal Air Force missions intercepting German rockets and led a group of French irregulars and unattached GIs towards the liberation of Paris and the Ritz Bar. Two of his essays were published in Collier’s.","In 1945 Hemingway returned to New York and Cuba. Mary joined him in May. In September he sued Martha for divorce on the grounds of desertion. In November the sale of two of his stories for movie rights brought him $112,000.","Hemingway married Mary Welsh Monks in Havana in March 1946. In 1947, he was diagnosed with high blood pressure. From that time forward, Hemingway fought hypertension, diabetes, depression, paranoia, and perhaps hemochromatosis. He also began work on a trilogy, Islands, Garden of Eden, and (A) Moveable feast.","From September 1948 through April 1949, the Hemingways lived in northern Italy. There, he became infatuated with an eighteen-year-old beauty, Adriana Ivancich. Mary tolerated it. In late April the Hemingways returned to Cuba. He wrote Across the river and into the trees (1950), about a dying American colonel and a teenage Venetian beauty. It received overwhelmingly negative reviews. By late 1950 Ivancich and her mother were visiting Finca. Mary wanted out of the marriage, but stayed in it.","In 1951 Hemingway complete the first draft of (The) Old man and the sea and the Islands manuscript.","Grace Hall-Hemingway died in June 1951 and Pauline Hemingway in October 1951. The combination of these deaths was difficult for Hemingway to handle.","Life paid him $40,000 for serial rights and sold five million copies of its September 1, 1952 issue containing (The) Old man and the sea. Scribners sold out 40,000 first run copies of the novella. In April 1953, a film crew arrived in Havana to film the epic. In May, Hemingway was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for fiction for the book.","In June, Ernest and Mary left Havana for Europe and Africa. After surviving a nearly fatal plane crash, the Hemingways recuperated in Venice. In June 1954, they returned to Havana. In October, Hemingway learned that he had been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, but due to ill health, he could not travel to Stockholm.","From 1955 to 1961 Hemingway suffered increasing bad health, and paranoia-ridden depression. He wrote steadily on his trilogy. In January 1959, the Batista government fell to the Castro revolution. The Hemingways, on vacation in the U.S., bought a house in Ketchum, Idaho, from which he could watch the revolution on television.","In 1959, Ernest returned to Spain to cover the bullfights. His mood shifts frightened his wife and bewildered his friends. His health worsened. In November 1960 Hemingway entered Mayo Clinic to be treated for hypertension, an enlarged liver, paranoia, and severe depression. He received shock treatments. By late April 1961 Hemingway had twice attempted suicide.","On July 2, 1961 he blew his head off. Hemingway was survived by his wife, two of his ex-wives, and his three sons. (This information is from American National Biography Online)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials by and about Ernest Hemingway in the collection include numerous periodicals with Articles by or about Hemingway, his books, and movies based on his books; numerous Movie Posters; other Posters of Hemingway, his homes, books, or exhibits about him; Photographs (copies), mostly from movies based on his books and some from the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library; the (Film) \u0026#x2018;Adventures of a Young Man\u0026#x2019;, undated (4 reels): Manuscript Correspondence, four Letters written by Hemingway, one to Jim Gamble written on April 18 and 27, 1919, one dated Oct. 28, 1919 to Ernest's father, Dr. Clarence Hemingway (framed), one dated Nov. 12, 1919 to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway (framed), and one dated 2 Feb. 1960 to his son, J. H. N. Hemingway, as well as copies of two letters written by Hemingway to Owen Wister dated March 1 and 11, 1929 (the originals are in the Library of Congress). Brochures; Advertisements; Exhibit Brochures; Postcards; Auction Catalogs; Sheet Music; Miscellaneous materials. Biographical Information (copies) and ramed Items for exhibits, including posters, photographs, and other materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf particular interest is the first letter (original six p., and a copy) written by Hemingway on April 18 and 27, 1919 to his friend Jim Gamble, the Proctor and Gamble heir, detailing his desire to write even though submissions for publication were rejected, his dashed hopes for marriage, his hunger for recognition, his love of northern Michigan and trout fishing, and notes about people whose company he enjoyed while staying at Windemere Cottage, near Petoskey, Michigan. During this time, Hemingway was recovering from war wounds and a broken heart. The letter is typed with his signature. Included with the letter are copies of two Hemingway letters to Owen Wister, March 1 (6 p.) and 11 (5 p.), 1929, copied from the Library of Congress, and a letter to Henry M. Watts from Theodore Voorhees, December 11, 1979, concerning the copied letters. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second manuscript letter is written by Ernest to \u0026#x201C;Dear Dad\u0026#x201D;, dated October 28. This letter is accompanied by a certificate of authenticity by Ernest Hemingway Mainland dated June 25, 2007. The letter is typed with a signature and handwritten P.S. There are notations on the bottom of the letter \u0026#x201C;Rec\u0026#x2019;d 10/31/[1]919 and ans.[wered] 11/1/[1]919 CH [Clarence Hemingway]. The letter is two pages on one sheet of paper, which is folded in half, p. 1 is on top and p. 2 is underneath and upside down compared to p. 1. In the letter, Ernest notes he had a hard trip up the Missouri to Petoskey, when he traveled to Boyne City to visit Wesley, and that with his \u0026#x201C;typer\u0026#x201D; he is leaving Thursday for Petoskey. Ernest also notes that he is working on the \u0026#x201C;Woppian Way\u0026#x201D; and has read several books. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe third letter (original two p. and envelope) written by Hemingway on November 11, 1919, mailed the following day, to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway in Oak Park, Illinois, from Petoskey, Michigan. In this letter, Ernest notes how he has been very ill with a bad sore throat, notes Armistice Day, his prayers for the dead, complains of President Wilson robbing the \u0026#x201C;wops\u0026#x201D; and mentions Fiume. [Fiume was given to Yugoslavia from Italy.]He notes it is a lovely day, the linotypers are on strike so eastern magazines are not accepting articles, that he sent an article to the Post, that he is reading and working a lot, mentions the Bumps, and sends love to his family. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth letter from Ernest at Finca Vigia, Cuba, is addressed to his son \u0026#x201C;Dear Bum,\u0026#x201D; J. H. N. Hemingway in San Francisco, dated 8 February 1960. It is the only handwritten letter and is accompanied by the envelope, which is also handwritten. In the letter Ernest thanks Bun for his letter, and asks him to check on Christmas gifts, which have not yet arrived, and several addresses. Ernest notes he is very busy working on a piece about bull fights and Death in the Afternoon. He also notes that Mary\u0026#x2019;s arm is improving with massage and therapy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiaries (12), 1938, 1951, of George R. Hemingway, Ernest\u0026#x2019;s uncle, are also included in the collection. George worked as a representative of the Charlevoix Country Nursery and lived, with his wife, Anna, in East Jordan, Michigan. (This information is from the collection.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe organizational records, 1990-present, of the Michigan Hemingway Society, including Articles of Incorporations, By-laws, goals and objectives, celebration and conference materials, meeting minutes, financial statements, and other related materials, complete the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the majority of the collection is in English, some of the movie posters are in French, Italian, Spanish, Danish, Polish, and other languages. The collection is ongoing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA later addition (Acc# 73683) is three folders donated by Pat Davis. These include 2012 copies of six photographs or postcards of Horton Bay, mainly buildings and scenic views, Correspondence to Wesley about Ernest and Marcelline being in school, 1905, and  to Mrs. Dilworth, announcing Ernest\u0026#x2019;s engagement, 1921, and sheet music, Song of Welcome, by Grace Hall-Hemingway, 1905. Also included is an announcement card that Dr. Clarence E. Hemingway moved his office to 221 Grove Avenue, 1905.The last folder includes newspaper clippings (copies) of Pat Davis, Dilworth House, and how life when Hemingway was there.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUser Note: The collection has a decidedly musty to lightly moldy smell and patrons with allergies or breathing problems should use the collection with care.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessing Note: Most of the numerous books that came to the Clarke with the collection have been cataloged. Those few books for which no catalog record could be found have been added to this manuscript collection. Later Oversized additions will be added at the end of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials by and about Ernest Hemingway in the collection include numerous periodicals with Articles by or about Hemingway, his books, and movies based on his books; numerous Movie Posters; other Posters of Hemingway, his homes, books, or exhibits about him; Photographs (copies), mostly from movies based on his books and some from the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library; the (Film) ‘Adventures of a Young Man’, undated (4 reels): Manuscript Correspondence, four Letters written by Hemingway, one to Jim Gamble written on April 18 and 27, 1919, one dated Oct. 28, 1919 to Ernest's father, Dr. Clarence Hemingway (framed), one dated Nov. 12, 1919 to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway (framed), and one dated 2 Feb. 1960 to his son, J. H. N. Hemingway, as well as copies of two letters written by Hemingway to Owen Wister dated March 1 and 11, 1929 (the originals are in the Library of Congress). Brochures; Advertisements; Exhibit Brochures; Postcards; Auction Catalogs; Sheet Music; Miscellaneous materials. Biographical Information (copies) and ramed Items for exhibits, including posters, photographs, and other materials.","Of particular interest is the first letter (original six p., and a copy) written by Hemingway on April 18 and 27, 1919 to his friend Jim Gamble, the Proctor and Gamble heir, detailing his desire to write even though submissions for publication were rejected, his dashed hopes for marriage, his hunger for recognition, his love of northern Michigan and trout fishing, and notes about people whose company he enjoyed while staying at Windemere Cottage, near Petoskey, Michigan. During this time, Hemingway was recovering from war wounds and a broken heart. The letter is typed with his signature. Included with the letter are copies of two Hemingway letters to Owen Wister, March 1 (6 p.) and 11 (5 p.), 1929, copied from the Library of Congress, and a letter to Henry M. Watts from Theodore Voorhees, December 11, 1979, concerning the copied letters. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The second manuscript letter is written by Ernest to “Dear Dad”, dated October 28. This letter is accompanied by a certificate of authenticity by Ernest Hemingway Mainland dated June 25, 2007. The letter is typed with a signature and handwritten P.S. There are notations on the bottom of the letter “Rec’d 10/31/[1]919 and ans.[wered] 11/1/[1]919 CH [Clarence Hemingway]. The letter is two pages on one sheet of paper, which is folded in half, p. 1 is on top and p. 2 is underneath and upside down compared to p. 1. In the letter, Ernest notes he had a hard trip up the Missouri to Petoskey, when he traveled to Boyne City to visit Wesley, and that with his “typer” he is leaving Thursday for Petoskey. Ernest also notes that he is working on the “Woppian Way” and has read several books. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The third letter (original two p. and envelope) written by Hemingway on November 11, 1919, mailed the following day, to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway in Oak Park, Illinois, from Petoskey, Michigan. In this letter, Ernest notes how he has been very ill with a bad sore throat, notes Armistice Day, his prayers for the dead, complains of President Wilson robbing the “wops” and mentions Fiume. [Fiume was given to Yugoslavia from Italy.]He notes it is a lovely day, the linotypers are on strike so eastern magazines are not accepting articles, that he sent an article to the Post, that he is reading and working a lot, mentions the Bumps, and sends love to his family. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The fourth letter from Ernest at Finca Vigia, Cuba, is addressed to his son “Dear Bum,” J. H. N. Hemingway in San Francisco, dated 8 February 1960. It is the only handwritten letter and is accompanied by the envelope, which is also handwritten. In the letter Ernest thanks Bun for his letter, and asks him to check on Christmas gifts, which have not yet arrived, and several addresses. Ernest notes he is very busy working on a piece about bull fights and Death in the Afternoon. He also notes that Mary’s arm is improving with massage and therapy.","Diaries (12), 1938, 1951, of George R. Hemingway, Ernest’s uncle, are also included in the collection. George worked as a representative of the Charlevoix Country Nursery and lived, with his wife, Anna, in East Jordan, Michigan. (This information is from the collection.)","The organizational records, 1990-present, of the Michigan Hemingway Society, including Articles of Incorporations, By-laws, goals and objectives, celebration and conference materials, meeting minutes, financial statements, and other related materials, complete the collection.","While the majority of the collection is in English, some of the movie posters are in French, Italian, Spanish, Danish, Polish, and other languages. The collection is ongoing.","A later addition (Acc# 73683) is three folders donated by Pat Davis. These include 2012 copies of six photographs or postcards of Horton Bay, mainly buildings and scenic views, Correspondence to Wesley about Ernest and Marcelline being in school, 1905, and  to Mrs. Dilworth, announcing Ernest’s engagement, 1921, and sheet music, Song of Welcome, by Grace Hall-Hemingway, 1905. Also included is an announcement card that Dr. Clarence E. Hemingway moved his office to 221 Grove Avenue, 1905.The last folder includes newspaper clippings (copies) of Pat Davis, Dilworth House, and how life when Hemingway was there.","User Note: The collection has a decidedly musty to lightly moldy smell and patrons with allergies or breathing problems should use the collection with care.","Processing Note: Most of the numerous books that came to the Clarke with the collection have been cataloged. Those few books for which no catalog record could be found have been added to this manuscript collection. Later Oversized additions will be added at the end of the collection."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract\u003e\nThis artificial collection includes articles by or about Hemingway, movie posters and photographs, manuscript letters, printed and miscellaneous materials about Ernest Hemingway and his books, diaries of Ernest's uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society. \n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["\nThis artificial collection includes articles by or about Hemingway, movie posters and photographs, manuscript letters, printed and miscellaneous materials about Ernest Hemingway and his books, diaries of Ernest's uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society. \n"],"names_ssim":["Clarke Historical Library , Central Michigan University","Michigan Hemingway Society.","Hemingway family.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Biography.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Correspondence.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Criticism and Interpretation.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Farewell to arms.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--For whom the bell tolls.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Cuba--Havana--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Florida--Key West--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Moveable feast.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Old man and the sea.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Portraits--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Sun also rises."],"corpname_ssim":["Clarke Historical Library , Central Michigan University","Michigan Hemingway Society."],"famname_ssim":["Hemingway family."],"persname_ssim":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Biography.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Correspondence.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Criticism and Interpretation.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Farewell to arms.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--For whom the bell tolls.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Cuba--Havana--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Florida--Key West--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Moveable feast.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Old man and the sea.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Portraits--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Sun also rises."],"language_ssim":["The material is in  English"],"total_component_count_is":303,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"ehll--HemingwayErnest","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:25:31.217Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_fd2aa7d10791fa06ff225766fb235523d231c470"}},{"id":"ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_9c4cb3413abedee64f542cdc7f122e9a09c9ca1c","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Manuscripts, Correspondence, Letter from Ernest to “Dear Mother,” November 11, 1919, envelope November 12, 1919 (This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.), November 11-12, 1919","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_9c4cb3413abedee64f542cdc7f122e9a09c9ca1c#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"al_9c4cb3413abedee64f542cdc7f122e9a09c9ca1c","ref_ssm":["al_9c4cb3413abedee64f542cdc7f122e9a09c9ca1c","al_9c4cb3413abedee64f542cdc7f122e9a09c9ca1c"],"id":"ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_9c4cb3413abedee64f542cdc7f122e9a09c9ca1c","title_filing_ssi":"Manuscripts, Correspondence, Letter from Ernest to “Dear Mother,” November 11, 1919, envelope November 12, 1919 (This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.), November 11-12, 1919","title_ssm":["Manuscripts, Correspondence, Letter from Ernest to “Dear Mother,” November 11, 1919, envelope November 12, 1919 (This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.), November 11-12, 1919"],"title_tesim":["Manuscripts, Correspondence, Letter from Ernest to “Dear Mother,” November 11, 1919, envelope November 12, 1919 (This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.), November 11-12, 1919"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Manuscripts, Correspondence, Letter from Ernest to “Dear Mother,” November 11, 1919, envelope November 12, 1919 (This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.), November 11-12, 1919"],"text":["Manuscripts, Correspondence, Letter from Ernest to “Dear Mother,” November 11, 1919, envelope November 12, 1919 (This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.), November 11-12, 1919","Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated","Ernest Hemingway Collection","Box 2","Folder 26"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["ehll--HemingwayErnest","al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980"],"parent_ssi":"al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980","parent_ids_ssim":["ehll--HemingwayErnest","ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated","Ernest Hemingway Collection"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated","Ernest Hemingway Collection"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["Central Michigan University Clarke Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":119,"containers_ssim":["Box 2","Folder 26"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#117","_nest_parent_":"ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980","_root_":"ehll--HemingwayErnest","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:25:31.217Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"ehll--HemingwayErnest","title_ssm":["\nErnest Hemingway Collection,\n \n1901, 2014, and undated\n"],"title_tesim":["\nErnest Hemingway Collection,\n \n1901, 2014, and undated\n"],"ead_ssi":"ehll--HemingwayErnest","level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["\nMSS.\n"],"text":["\nMSS.\n","Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated","Authors, American--20th century.","War and society--United States--History--20th century.","World War, 1914-1918--Veterans.","The collection is divided into three series: materials by and about Ernest Hemingway, the diaries of his uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society.","Biography:","Ernest Hemingway was born July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois, the son of Clarence E. Hemingway, a doctor, and Grace Hall-Hemingway, a musician and voice teacher. He had four sisters and a brother. Every summer, the family summered at the family cottage, named Windemere, on Walloon Lake near Petoskey, Michigan.","After Ernest graduated from high school in June 1917, he joined the Missouri Home Guard. Before it was called to active duty, he served as a volunteer ambulance driver for the American Red Cross. On July 8, 1918 Hemingway was wounded by an Austrian trench mortar. He spent the subsequent summer and fall recovering from his leg wounds in the Milan Red Cross hospital. In Europe, Hemingway met nurse Agnes Von Kurowsky. He thought they were engaged when he returned to the U.S. on January 21, 1919, but she broke off whatever relationship they had had in March 1919.","In January 1920, the city editor of the Toronto Star agreed to buy Hemingway’s stories on a piece by piece basis as they suited the paper. The paper regularly printed his features on dental schools, prizefights, free shaves, trout fishing, rum-running and, later, on Chicago gangsters. He returned to Chicago in May 1920.","In September 1921, Hemingway married Hadley Richardson at Horton Bay, Michigan. They had planned to live in Italy, but were advised by Sherwood Anderson that a would-be-writer should live in Paris. In January 1922, the couple moved into an apartment in Paris’ Latin Quarter.","The Hemingways later returned to Toronto, where Ernest found that the new editor of the Star did not like him.  His first assignment upon his return was to cover a prison escape. He used one prisoner as the basis for his male, loner, anti-social characters, which later appeared in a number of his stories.","Hemingway’s first son, John Hadley Nicanor, was born in Toronto in October  1923.","Furious with his editor, Hemingway returned to Paris in January 1924, living near Ezra Pound. His mentors and friends in Paris included Pound, Sylvia Beach, and Gertrude Stein. Through these three writers, he got to know every expatriate American writer and new artists in Paris. Hemingway developed an appreciation for the insider, the man who knew the language, food and customs of foreign countries.","Between 1924 and 1929, Hemingway rose from obscurity to being one of the best-known American writers of his generation.  His publications in those years included In our time (1925), his breakthrough novel, (The) Sun also rises (1926), Men without women (1927), and (A) Farewell to arms (1929). He spent his summers in Spain following bullfights and his winters skiing in Switzerland, with Paris as his base.","Hadley divorced Ernest in April 1927. She received lifelong rights to the income from (The) Sun also rises. Hemingway then married Pauline Pfeiffer, with whom he had had an affair for over a year, in May 1927.","Ernest and Pauline returned to the U.S. for the cesarean birth of their son, Patrick, who was born in 1928. Also in 1928, Ernest’s father, Clarence Hemingway, committed suicide.","Pauline and Ernest enjoyed Key West fishing and Wyoming dude ranches. After a year of living in and out of Paris, they moved back to Key West in 1930.","In 1930, the sale of the film rights to (A) Farewell to arms brought Hemingway $24,000. Besides that, they lived on Pauline’s trust fund and Ernest’s income from writing. Her wealthy uncle, Augustus Pfeiffer, paid for their home in Key West and their African safari. Pauline and Ernest’s second son, Gregory, was born in 1931. Hemingway also was paid for his book, Death in the afternoon (1932).","During the 1930s, Hemingway wrote Winner takes nothing (1933), Green hills of Africa (1935), several short stories, and a series of personal essays called “Letters” for Esquire magazine. In September 1937 he reported on the Spanish Civil War in Madrid.  In October 1937, Hemingway was featured on the cover of Time magazine and wrote To have and have not. Hemingway also wrote a narrative to the film (The) Spanish earth and wrote his only play, (The) Fifth column (1938).","By February 1939, his marriage to Pauline was essentially over. He had an affair with Martha Gellhorn since 1937. Hemingway moved to Havana and began For whom the bell tolls. On December 24, 1939, Ernest and Martha moved to La Finca Vigia, a house with property outside of Havana. There, he finished For whom the bell tolls, which was released to ecstatic reviews on October 21, 1940. Four days later Paramount Pictures offered Hemingway $100,000 for the film rights. In early November 1940, Pauline’s divorce suit against Ernest on the grounds of desertion was granted. He married Martha Gellhorn a few weeks later.","During World War II, Hemingway suffered with the beginning of severe depression and had a long block in his writing ability. Except for writing an introduction of Men at war (1942) he wrote nothing until 1944. In April 1944 he began work as a war correspondent for Collier’s, displacing Martha. By late May 1944 Hemingway’s marriage to Martha was basically over and he met Mary Welsh Monks, soon to be his fourth wife.","Between June and December 1944, Hemingway deliberately put himself in dangerous positions. He went aboard a landing craft on D-Day, June 6. He twice flew on Royal Air Force missions intercepting German rockets and led a group of French irregulars and unattached GIs towards the liberation of Paris and the Ritz Bar. Two of his essays were published in Collier’s.","In 1945 Hemingway returned to New York and Cuba. Mary joined him in May. In September he sued Martha for divorce on the grounds of desertion. In November the sale of two of his stories for movie rights brought him $112,000.","Hemingway married Mary Welsh Monks in Havana in March 1946. In 1947, he was diagnosed with high blood pressure. From that time forward, Hemingway fought hypertension, diabetes, depression, paranoia, and perhaps hemochromatosis. He also began work on a trilogy, Islands, Garden of Eden, and (A) Moveable feast.","From September 1948 through April 1949, the Hemingways lived in northern Italy. There, he became infatuated with an eighteen-year-old beauty, Adriana Ivancich. Mary tolerated it. In late April the Hemingways returned to Cuba. He wrote Across the river and into the trees (1950), about a dying American colonel and a teenage Venetian beauty. It received overwhelmingly negative reviews. By late 1950 Ivancich and her mother were visiting Finca. Mary wanted out of the marriage, but stayed in it.","In 1951 Hemingway complete the first draft of (The) Old man and the sea and the Islands manuscript.","Grace Hall-Hemingway died in June 1951 and Pauline Hemingway in October 1951. The combination of these deaths was difficult for Hemingway to handle.","Life paid him $40,000 for serial rights and sold five million copies of its September 1, 1952 issue containing (The) Old man and the sea. Scribners sold out 40,000 first run copies of the novella. In April 1953, a film crew arrived in Havana to film the epic. In May, Hemingway was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for fiction for the book.","In June, Ernest and Mary left Havana for Europe and Africa. After surviving a nearly fatal plane crash, the Hemingways recuperated in Venice. In June 1954, they returned to Havana. In October, Hemingway learned that he had been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, but due to ill health, he could not travel to Stockholm.","From 1955 to 1961 Hemingway suffered increasing bad health, and paranoia-ridden depression. He wrote steadily on his trilogy. In January 1959, the Batista government fell to the Castro revolution. The Hemingways, on vacation in the U.S., bought a house in Ketchum, Idaho, from which he could watch the revolution on television.","In 1959, Ernest returned to Spain to cover the bullfights. His mood shifts frightened his wife and bewildered his friends. His health worsened. In November 1960 Hemingway entered Mayo Clinic to be treated for hypertension, an enlarged liver, paranoia, and severe depression. He received shock treatments. By late April 1961 Hemingway had twice attempted suicide.","On July 2, 1961 he blew his head off. Hemingway was survived by his wife, two of his ex-wives, and his three sons. (This information is from American National Biography Online).","Materials by and about Ernest Hemingway in the collection include numerous periodicals with Articles by or about Hemingway, his books, and movies based on his books; numerous Movie Posters; other Posters of Hemingway, his homes, books, or exhibits about him; Photographs (copies), mostly from movies based on his books and some from the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library; the (Film) ‘Adventures of a Young Man’, undated (4 reels): Manuscript Correspondence, four Letters written by Hemingway, one to Jim Gamble written on April 18 and 27, 1919, one dated Oct. 28, 1919 to Ernest's father, Dr. Clarence Hemingway (framed), one dated Nov. 12, 1919 to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway (framed), and one dated 2 Feb. 1960 to his son, J. H. N. Hemingway, as well as copies of two letters written by Hemingway to Owen Wister dated March 1 and 11, 1929 (the originals are in the Library of Congress). Brochures; Advertisements; Exhibit Brochures; Postcards; Auction Catalogs; Sheet Music; Miscellaneous materials. Biographical Information (copies) and ramed Items for exhibits, including posters, photographs, and other materials.","Of particular interest is the first letter (original six p., and a copy) written by Hemingway on April 18 and 27, 1919 to his friend Jim Gamble, the Proctor and Gamble heir, detailing his desire to write even though submissions for publication were rejected, his dashed hopes for marriage, his hunger for recognition, his love of northern Michigan and trout fishing, and notes about people whose company he enjoyed while staying at Windemere Cottage, near Petoskey, Michigan. During this time, Hemingway was recovering from war wounds and a broken heart. The letter is typed with his signature. Included with the letter are copies of two Hemingway letters to Owen Wister, March 1 (6 p.) and 11 (5 p.), 1929, copied from the Library of Congress, and a letter to Henry M. Watts from Theodore Voorhees, December 11, 1979, concerning the copied letters. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The second manuscript letter is written by Ernest to “Dear Dad”, dated October 28. This letter is accompanied by a certificate of authenticity by Ernest Hemingway Mainland dated June 25, 2007. The letter is typed with a signature and handwritten P.S. There are notations on the bottom of the letter “Rec’d 10/31/[1]919 and ans.[wered] 11/1/[1]919 CH [Clarence Hemingway]. The letter is two pages on one sheet of paper, which is folded in half, p. 1 is on top and p. 2 is underneath and upside down compared to p. 1. In the letter, Ernest notes he had a hard trip up the Missouri to Petoskey, when he traveled to Boyne City to visit Wesley, and that with his “typer” he is leaving Thursday for Petoskey. Ernest also notes that he is working on the “Woppian Way” and has read several books. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The third letter (original two p. and envelope) written by Hemingway on November 11, 1919, mailed the following day, to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway in Oak Park, Illinois, from Petoskey, Michigan. In this letter, Ernest notes how he has been very ill with a bad sore throat, notes Armistice Day, his prayers for the dead, complains of President Wilson robbing the “wops” and mentions Fiume. [Fiume was given to Yugoslavia from Italy.]He notes it is a lovely day, the linotypers are on strike so eastern magazines are not accepting articles, that he sent an article to the Post, that he is reading and working a lot, mentions the Bumps, and sends love to his family. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The fourth letter from Ernest at Finca Vigia, Cuba, is addressed to his son “Dear Bum,” J. H. N. Hemingway in San Francisco, dated 8 February 1960. It is the only handwritten letter and is accompanied by the envelope, which is also handwritten. In the letter Ernest thanks Bun for his letter, and asks him to check on Christmas gifts, which have not yet arrived, and several addresses. Ernest notes he is very busy working on a piece about bull fights and Death in the Afternoon. He also notes that Mary’s arm is improving with massage and therapy.","Diaries (12), 1938, 1951, of George R. Hemingway, Ernest’s uncle, are also included in the collection. George worked as a representative of the Charlevoix Country Nursery and lived, with his wife, Anna, in East Jordan, Michigan. (This information is from the collection.)","The organizational records, 1990-present, of the Michigan Hemingway Society, including Articles of Incorporations, By-laws, goals and objectives, celebration and conference materials, meeting minutes, financial statements, and other related materials, complete the collection.","While the majority of the collection is in English, some of the movie posters are in French, Italian, Spanish, Danish, Polish, and other languages. The collection is ongoing.","A later addition (Acc# 73683) is three folders donated by Pat Davis. These include 2012 copies of six photographs or postcards of Horton Bay, mainly buildings and scenic views, Correspondence to Wesley about Ernest and Marcelline being in school, 1905, and  to Mrs. Dilworth, announcing Ernest’s engagement, 1921, and sheet music, Song of Welcome, by Grace Hall-Hemingway, 1905. Also included is an announcement card that Dr. Clarence E. Hemingway moved his office to 221 Grove Avenue, 1905.The last folder includes newspaper clippings (copies) of Pat Davis, Dilworth House, and how life when Hemingway was there.","User Note: The collection has a decidedly musty to lightly moldy smell and patrons with allergies or breathing problems should use the collection with care.","Processing Note: Most of the numerous books that came to the Clarke with the collection have been cataloged. Those few books for which no catalog record could be found have been added to this manuscript collection. Later Oversized additions will be added at the end of the collection.","\nThis artificial collection includes articles by or about Hemingway, movie posters and photographs, manuscript letters, printed and miscellaneous materials about Ernest Hemingway and his books, diaries of Ernest's uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society. \n","Clarke Historical Library , Central Michigan University","Michigan Hemingway Society.","Hemingway family.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Biography.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Correspondence.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Criticism and Interpretation.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Farewell to arms.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--For whom the bell tolls.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Cuba--Havana--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Florida--Key West--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Moveable feast.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Old man and the sea.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Portraits--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Sun also rises.","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["\nMSS.\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated"],"collection_ssim":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated"],"repository_ssm":["Central Michigan University Clarke Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["Central Michigan University Clarke Historical Library"],"creator_ssm":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961."],"creator_ssim":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961."],"creators_ssim":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961."],"acqinfo_ssim":["\nAcc# many\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Authors, American--20th century.","War and society--United States--History--20th century.","World War, 1914-1918--Veterans."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Authors, American--20th century.","War and society--United States--History--20th century.","World War, 1914-1918--Veterans."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6 cubic feet (in 7 boxes, 8 Oversized folders, 4 reels in 4 boxes, and 52 framed items)"],"extent_tesim":["6 cubic feet (in 7 boxes, 8 Oversized folders, 4 reels in 4 boxes, and 52 framed items)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into three series: materials by and about Ernest Hemingway, the diaries of his uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into three series: materials by and about Ernest Hemingway, the diaries of his uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBiography:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eErnest Hemingway was born July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois, the son of Clarence E. Hemingway, a doctor, and Grace Hall-Hemingway, a musician and voice teacher. He had four sisters and a brother. Every summer, the family summered at the family cottage, named Windemere, on Walloon Lake near Petoskey, Michigan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter Ernest graduated from high school in June 1917, he joined the Missouri Home Guard. Before it was called to active duty, he served as a volunteer ambulance driver for the American Red Cross. On July 8, 1918 Hemingway was wounded by an Austrian trench mortar. He spent the subsequent summer and fall recovering from his leg wounds in the Milan Red Cross hospital. In Europe, Hemingway met nurse Agnes Von Kurowsky. He thought they were engaged when he returned to the U.S. on January 21, 1919, but she broke off whatever relationship they had had in March 1919.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 1920, the city editor of the Toronto Star agreed to buy Hemingway\u0026#x2019;s stories on a piece by piece basis as they suited the paper. The paper regularly printed his features on dental schools, prizefights, free shaves, trout fishing, rum-running and, later, on Chicago gangsters. He returned to Chicago in May 1920.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn September 1921, Hemingway married Hadley Richardson at Horton Bay, Michigan. They had planned to live in Italy, but were advised by Sherwood Anderson that a would-be-writer should live in Paris. In January 1922, the couple moved into an apartment in Paris\u0026#x2019; Latin Quarter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Hemingways later returned to Toronto, where Ernest found that the new editor of the Star did not like him.  His first assignment upon his return was to cover a prison escape. He used one prisoner as the basis for his male, loner, anti-social characters, which later appeared in a number of his stories.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHemingway\u0026#x2019;s first son, John Hadley Nicanor, was born in Toronto in October  1923.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFurious with his editor, Hemingway returned to Paris in January 1924, living near Ezra Pound. His mentors and friends in Paris included Pound, Sylvia Beach, and Gertrude Stein. Through these three writers, he got to know every expatriate American writer and new artists in Paris. Hemingway developed an appreciation for the insider, the man who knew the language, food and customs of foreign countries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBetween 1924 and 1929, Hemingway rose from obscurity to being one of the best-known American writers of his generation.  His publications in those years included In our time (1925), his breakthrough novel, (The) Sun also rises (1926), Men without women (1927), and (A) Farewell to arms (1929). He spent his summers in Spain following bullfights and his winters skiing in Switzerland, with Paris as his base.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHadley divorced Ernest in April 1927. She received lifelong rights to the income from (The) Sun also rises. Hemingway then married Pauline Pfeiffer, with whom he had had an affair for over a year, in May 1927.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eErnest and Pauline returned to the U.S. for the cesarean birth of their son, Patrick, who was born in 1928. Also in 1928, Ernest\u0026#x2019;s father, Clarence Hemingway, committed suicide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePauline and Ernest enjoyed Key West fishing and Wyoming dude ranches. After a year of living in and out of Paris, they moved back to Key West in 1930.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1930, the sale of the film rights to (A) Farewell to arms brought Hemingway $24,000. Besides that, they lived on Pauline\u0026#x2019;s trust fund and Ernest\u0026#x2019;s income from writing. Her wealthy uncle, Augustus Pfeiffer, paid for their home in Key West and their African safari. Pauline and Ernest\u0026#x2019;s second son, Gregory, was born in 1931. Hemingway also was paid for his book, Death in the afternoon (1932).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1930s, Hemingway wrote Winner takes nothing (1933), Green hills of Africa (1935), several short stories, and a series of personal essays called \u0026#x201C;Letters\u0026#x201D; for Esquire magazine. In September 1937 he reported on the Spanish Civil War in Madrid.  In October 1937, Hemingway was featured on the cover of Time magazine and wrote To have and have not. Hemingway also wrote a narrative to the film (The) Spanish earth and wrote his only play, (The) Fifth column (1938).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy February 1939, his marriage to Pauline was essentially over. He had an affair with Martha Gellhorn since 1937. Hemingway moved to Havana and began For whom the bell tolls. On December 24, 1939, Ernest and Martha moved to La Finca Vigia, a house with property outside of Havana. There, he finished For whom the bell tolls, which was released to ecstatic reviews on October 21, 1940. Four days later Paramount Pictures offered Hemingway $100,000 for the film rights. In early November 1940, Pauline\u0026#x2019;s divorce suit against Ernest on the grounds of desertion was granted. He married Martha Gellhorn a few weeks later.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, Hemingway suffered with the beginning of severe depression and had a long block in his writing ability. Except for writing an introduction of Men at war (1942) he wrote nothing until 1944. In April 1944 he began work as a war correspondent for Collier\u0026#x2019;s, displacing Martha. By late May 1944 Hemingway\u0026#x2019;s marriage to Martha was basically over and he met Mary Welsh Monks, soon to be his fourth wife.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBetween June and December 1944, Hemingway deliberately put himself in dangerous positions. He went aboard a landing craft on D-Day, June 6. He twice flew on Royal Air Force missions intercepting German rockets and led a group of French irregulars and unattached GIs towards the liberation of Paris and the Ritz Bar. Two of his essays were published in Collier\u0026#x2019;s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1945 Hemingway returned to New York and Cuba. Mary joined him in May. In September he sued Martha for divorce on the grounds of desertion. In November the sale of two of his stories for movie rights brought him $112,000.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHemingway married Mary Welsh Monks in Havana in March 1946. In 1947, he was diagnosed with high blood pressure. From that time forward, Hemingway fought hypertension, diabetes, depression, paranoia, and perhaps hemochromatosis. He also began work on a trilogy, Islands, Garden of Eden, and (A) Moveable feast.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom September 1948 through April 1949, the Hemingways lived in northern Italy. There, he became infatuated with an eighteen-year-old beauty, Adriana Ivancich. Mary tolerated it. In late April the Hemingways returned to Cuba. He wrote Across the river and into the trees (1950), about a dying American colonel and a teenage Venetian beauty. It received overwhelmingly negative reviews. By late 1950 Ivancich and her mother were visiting Finca. Mary wanted out of the marriage, but stayed in it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1951 Hemingway complete the first draft of (The) Old man and the sea and the Islands manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGrace Hall-Hemingway died in June 1951 and Pauline Hemingway in October 1951. The combination of these deaths was difficult for Hemingway to handle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLife paid him $40,000 for serial rights and sold five million copies of its September 1, 1952 issue containing (The) Old man and the sea. Scribners sold out 40,000 first run copies of the novella. In April 1953, a film crew arrived in Havana to film the epic. In May, Hemingway was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for fiction for the book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn June, Ernest and Mary left Havana for Europe and Africa. After surviving a nearly fatal plane crash, the Hemingways recuperated in Venice. In June 1954, they returned to Havana. In October, Hemingway learned that he had been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, but due to ill health, he could not travel to Stockholm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1955 to 1961 Hemingway suffered increasing bad health, and paranoia-ridden depression. He wrote steadily on his trilogy. In January 1959, the Batista government fell to the Castro revolution. The Hemingways, on vacation in the U.S., bought a house in Ketchum, Idaho, from which he could watch the revolution on television.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1959, Ernest returned to Spain to cover the bullfights. His mood shifts frightened his wife and bewildered his friends. His health worsened. In November 1960 Hemingway entered Mayo Clinic to be treated for hypertension, an enlarged liver, paranoia, and severe depression. He received shock treatments. By late April 1961 Hemingway had twice attempted suicide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn July 2, 1961 he blew his head off. Hemingway was survived by his wife, two of his ex-wives, and his three sons. (This information is from American National Biography Online).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_tesim":["Biography:","Ernest Hemingway was born July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois, the son of Clarence E. Hemingway, a doctor, and Grace Hall-Hemingway, a musician and voice teacher. He had four sisters and a brother. Every summer, the family summered at the family cottage, named Windemere, on Walloon Lake near Petoskey, Michigan.","After Ernest graduated from high school in June 1917, he joined the Missouri Home Guard. Before it was called to active duty, he served as a volunteer ambulance driver for the American Red Cross. On July 8, 1918 Hemingway was wounded by an Austrian trench mortar. He spent the subsequent summer and fall recovering from his leg wounds in the Milan Red Cross hospital. In Europe, Hemingway met nurse Agnes Von Kurowsky. He thought they were engaged when he returned to the U.S. on January 21, 1919, but she broke off whatever relationship they had had in March 1919.","In January 1920, the city editor of the Toronto Star agreed to buy Hemingway’s stories on a piece by piece basis as they suited the paper. The paper regularly printed his features on dental schools, prizefights, free shaves, trout fishing, rum-running and, later, on Chicago gangsters. He returned to Chicago in May 1920.","In September 1921, Hemingway married Hadley Richardson at Horton Bay, Michigan. They had planned to live in Italy, but were advised by Sherwood Anderson that a would-be-writer should live in Paris. In January 1922, the couple moved into an apartment in Paris’ Latin Quarter.","The Hemingways later returned to Toronto, where Ernest found that the new editor of the Star did not like him.  His first assignment upon his return was to cover a prison escape. He used one prisoner as the basis for his male, loner, anti-social characters, which later appeared in a number of his stories.","Hemingway’s first son, John Hadley Nicanor, was born in Toronto in October  1923.","Furious with his editor, Hemingway returned to Paris in January 1924, living near Ezra Pound. His mentors and friends in Paris included Pound, Sylvia Beach, and Gertrude Stein. Through these three writers, he got to know every expatriate American writer and new artists in Paris. Hemingway developed an appreciation for the insider, the man who knew the language, food and customs of foreign countries.","Between 1924 and 1929, Hemingway rose from obscurity to being one of the best-known American writers of his generation.  His publications in those years included In our time (1925), his breakthrough novel, (The) Sun also rises (1926), Men without women (1927), and (A) Farewell to arms (1929). He spent his summers in Spain following bullfights and his winters skiing in Switzerland, with Paris as his base.","Hadley divorced Ernest in April 1927. She received lifelong rights to the income from (The) Sun also rises. Hemingway then married Pauline Pfeiffer, with whom he had had an affair for over a year, in May 1927.","Ernest and Pauline returned to the U.S. for the cesarean birth of their son, Patrick, who was born in 1928. Also in 1928, Ernest’s father, Clarence Hemingway, committed suicide.","Pauline and Ernest enjoyed Key West fishing and Wyoming dude ranches. After a year of living in and out of Paris, they moved back to Key West in 1930.","In 1930, the sale of the film rights to (A) Farewell to arms brought Hemingway $24,000. Besides that, they lived on Pauline’s trust fund and Ernest’s income from writing. Her wealthy uncle, Augustus Pfeiffer, paid for their home in Key West and their African safari. Pauline and Ernest’s second son, Gregory, was born in 1931. Hemingway also was paid for his book, Death in the afternoon (1932).","During the 1930s, Hemingway wrote Winner takes nothing (1933), Green hills of Africa (1935), several short stories, and a series of personal essays called “Letters” for Esquire magazine. In September 1937 he reported on the Spanish Civil War in Madrid.  In October 1937, Hemingway was featured on the cover of Time magazine and wrote To have and have not. Hemingway also wrote a narrative to the film (The) Spanish earth and wrote his only play, (The) Fifth column (1938).","By February 1939, his marriage to Pauline was essentially over. He had an affair with Martha Gellhorn since 1937. Hemingway moved to Havana and began For whom the bell tolls. On December 24, 1939, Ernest and Martha moved to La Finca Vigia, a house with property outside of Havana. There, he finished For whom the bell tolls, which was released to ecstatic reviews on October 21, 1940. Four days later Paramount Pictures offered Hemingway $100,000 for the film rights. In early November 1940, Pauline’s divorce suit against Ernest on the grounds of desertion was granted. He married Martha Gellhorn a few weeks later.","During World War II, Hemingway suffered with the beginning of severe depression and had a long block in his writing ability. Except for writing an introduction of Men at war (1942) he wrote nothing until 1944. In April 1944 he began work as a war correspondent for Collier’s, displacing Martha. By late May 1944 Hemingway’s marriage to Martha was basically over and he met Mary Welsh Monks, soon to be his fourth wife.","Between June and December 1944, Hemingway deliberately put himself in dangerous positions. He went aboard a landing craft on D-Day, June 6. He twice flew on Royal Air Force missions intercepting German rockets and led a group of French irregulars and unattached GIs towards the liberation of Paris and the Ritz Bar. Two of his essays were published in Collier’s.","In 1945 Hemingway returned to New York and Cuba. Mary joined him in May. In September he sued Martha for divorce on the grounds of desertion. In November the sale of two of his stories for movie rights brought him $112,000.","Hemingway married Mary Welsh Monks in Havana in March 1946. In 1947, he was diagnosed with high blood pressure. From that time forward, Hemingway fought hypertension, diabetes, depression, paranoia, and perhaps hemochromatosis. He also began work on a trilogy, Islands, Garden of Eden, and (A) Moveable feast.","From September 1948 through April 1949, the Hemingways lived in northern Italy. There, he became infatuated with an eighteen-year-old beauty, Adriana Ivancich. Mary tolerated it. In late April the Hemingways returned to Cuba. He wrote Across the river and into the trees (1950), about a dying American colonel and a teenage Venetian beauty. It received overwhelmingly negative reviews. By late 1950 Ivancich and her mother were visiting Finca. Mary wanted out of the marriage, but stayed in it.","In 1951 Hemingway complete the first draft of (The) Old man and the sea and the Islands manuscript.","Grace Hall-Hemingway died in June 1951 and Pauline Hemingway in October 1951. The combination of these deaths was difficult for Hemingway to handle.","Life paid him $40,000 for serial rights and sold five million copies of its September 1, 1952 issue containing (The) Old man and the sea. Scribners sold out 40,000 first run copies of the novella. In April 1953, a film crew arrived in Havana to film the epic. In May, Hemingway was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for fiction for the book.","In June, Ernest and Mary left Havana for Europe and Africa. After surviving a nearly fatal plane crash, the Hemingways recuperated in Venice. In June 1954, they returned to Havana. In October, Hemingway learned that he had been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, but due to ill health, he could not travel to Stockholm.","From 1955 to 1961 Hemingway suffered increasing bad health, and paranoia-ridden depression. He wrote steadily on his trilogy. In January 1959, the Batista government fell to the Castro revolution. The Hemingways, on vacation in the U.S., bought a house in Ketchum, Idaho, from which he could watch the revolution on television.","In 1959, Ernest returned to Spain to cover the bullfights. His mood shifts frightened his wife and bewildered his friends. His health worsened. In November 1960 Hemingway entered Mayo Clinic to be treated for hypertension, an enlarged liver, paranoia, and severe depression. He received shock treatments. By late April 1961 Hemingway had twice attempted suicide.","On July 2, 1961 he blew his head off. Hemingway was survived by his wife, two of his ex-wives, and his three sons. (This information is from American National Biography Online)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials by and about Ernest Hemingway in the collection include numerous periodicals with Articles by or about Hemingway, his books, and movies based on his books; numerous Movie Posters; other Posters of Hemingway, his homes, books, or exhibits about him; Photographs (copies), mostly from movies based on his books and some from the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library; the (Film) \u0026#x2018;Adventures of a Young Man\u0026#x2019;, undated (4 reels): Manuscript Correspondence, four Letters written by Hemingway, one to Jim Gamble written on April 18 and 27, 1919, one dated Oct. 28, 1919 to Ernest's father, Dr. Clarence Hemingway (framed), one dated Nov. 12, 1919 to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway (framed), and one dated 2 Feb. 1960 to his son, J. H. N. Hemingway, as well as copies of two letters written by Hemingway to Owen Wister dated March 1 and 11, 1929 (the originals are in the Library of Congress). Brochures; Advertisements; Exhibit Brochures; Postcards; Auction Catalogs; Sheet Music; Miscellaneous materials. Biographical Information (copies) and ramed Items for exhibits, including posters, photographs, and other materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf particular interest is the first letter (original six p., and a copy) written by Hemingway on April 18 and 27, 1919 to his friend Jim Gamble, the Proctor and Gamble heir, detailing his desire to write even though submissions for publication were rejected, his dashed hopes for marriage, his hunger for recognition, his love of northern Michigan and trout fishing, and notes about people whose company he enjoyed while staying at Windemere Cottage, near Petoskey, Michigan. During this time, Hemingway was recovering from war wounds and a broken heart. The letter is typed with his signature. Included with the letter are copies of two Hemingway letters to Owen Wister, March 1 (6 p.) and 11 (5 p.), 1929, copied from the Library of Congress, and a letter to Henry M. Watts from Theodore Voorhees, December 11, 1979, concerning the copied letters. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second manuscript letter is written by Ernest to \u0026#x201C;Dear Dad\u0026#x201D;, dated October 28. This letter is accompanied by a certificate of authenticity by Ernest Hemingway Mainland dated June 25, 2007. The letter is typed with a signature and handwritten P.S. There are notations on the bottom of the letter \u0026#x201C;Rec\u0026#x2019;d 10/31/[1]919 and ans.[wered] 11/1/[1]919 CH [Clarence Hemingway]. The letter is two pages on one sheet of paper, which is folded in half, p. 1 is on top and p. 2 is underneath and upside down compared to p. 1. In the letter, Ernest notes he had a hard trip up the Missouri to Petoskey, when he traveled to Boyne City to visit Wesley, and that with his \u0026#x201C;typer\u0026#x201D; he is leaving Thursday for Petoskey. Ernest also notes that he is working on the \u0026#x201C;Woppian Way\u0026#x201D; and has read several books. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe third letter (original two p. and envelope) written by Hemingway on November 11, 1919, mailed the following day, to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway in Oak Park, Illinois, from Petoskey, Michigan. In this letter, Ernest notes how he has been very ill with a bad sore throat, notes Armistice Day, his prayers for the dead, complains of President Wilson robbing the \u0026#x201C;wops\u0026#x201D; and mentions Fiume. [Fiume was given to Yugoslavia from Italy.]He notes it is a lovely day, the linotypers are on strike so eastern magazines are not accepting articles, that he sent an article to the Post, that he is reading and working a lot, mentions the Bumps, and sends love to his family. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth letter from Ernest at Finca Vigia, Cuba, is addressed to his son \u0026#x201C;Dear Bum,\u0026#x201D; J. H. N. Hemingway in San Francisco, dated 8 February 1960. It is the only handwritten letter and is accompanied by the envelope, which is also handwritten. In the letter Ernest thanks Bun for his letter, and asks him to check on Christmas gifts, which have not yet arrived, and several addresses. Ernest notes he is very busy working on a piece about bull fights and Death in the Afternoon. He also notes that Mary\u0026#x2019;s arm is improving with massage and therapy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiaries (12), 1938, 1951, of George R. Hemingway, Ernest\u0026#x2019;s uncle, are also included in the collection. George worked as a representative of the Charlevoix Country Nursery and lived, with his wife, Anna, in East Jordan, Michigan. (This information is from the collection.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe organizational records, 1990-present, of the Michigan Hemingway Society, including Articles of Incorporations, By-laws, goals and objectives, celebration and conference materials, meeting minutes, financial statements, and other related materials, complete the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the majority of the collection is in English, some of the movie posters are in French, Italian, Spanish, Danish, Polish, and other languages. The collection is ongoing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA later addition (Acc# 73683) is three folders donated by Pat Davis. These include 2012 copies of six photographs or postcards of Horton Bay, mainly buildings and scenic views, Correspondence to Wesley about Ernest and Marcelline being in school, 1905, and  to Mrs. Dilworth, announcing Ernest\u0026#x2019;s engagement, 1921, and sheet music, Song of Welcome, by Grace Hall-Hemingway, 1905. Also included is an announcement card that Dr. Clarence E. Hemingway moved his office to 221 Grove Avenue, 1905.The last folder includes newspaper clippings (copies) of Pat Davis, Dilworth House, and how life when Hemingway was there.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUser Note: The collection has a decidedly musty to lightly moldy smell and patrons with allergies or breathing problems should use the collection with care.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessing Note: Most of the numerous books that came to the Clarke with the collection have been cataloged. Those few books for which no catalog record could be found have been added to this manuscript collection. Later Oversized additions will be added at the end of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials by and about Ernest Hemingway in the collection include numerous periodicals with Articles by or about Hemingway, his books, and movies based on his books; numerous Movie Posters; other Posters of Hemingway, his homes, books, or exhibits about him; Photographs (copies), mostly from movies based on his books and some from the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library; the (Film) ‘Adventures of a Young Man’, undated (4 reels): Manuscript Correspondence, four Letters written by Hemingway, one to Jim Gamble written on April 18 and 27, 1919, one dated Oct. 28, 1919 to Ernest's father, Dr. Clarence Hemingway (framed), one dated Nov. 12, 1919 to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway (framed), and one dated 2 Feb. 1960 to his son, J. H. N. Hemingway, as well as copies of two letters written by Hemingway to Owen Wister dated March 1 and 11, 1929 (the originals are in the Library of Congress). Brochures; Advertisements; Exhibit Brochures; Postcards; Auction Catalogs; Sheet Music; Miscellaneous materials. Biographical Information (copies) and ramed Items for exhibits, including posters, photographs, and other materials.","Of particular interest is the first letter (original six p., and a copy) written by Hemingway on April 18 and 27, 1919 to his friend Jim Gamble, the Proctor and Gamble heir, detailing his desire to write even though submissions for publication were rejected, his dashed hopes for marriage, his hunger for recognition, his love of northern Michigan and trout fishing, and notes about people whose company he enjoyed while staying at Windemere Cottage, near Petoskey, Michigan. During this time, Hemingway was recovering from war wounds and a broken heart. The letter is typed with his signature. Included with the letter are copies of two Hemingway letters to Owen Wister, March 1 (6 p.) and 11 (5 p.), 1929, copied from the Library of Congress, and a letter to Henry M. Watts from Theodore Voorhees, December 11, 1979, concerning the copied letters. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The second manuscript letter is written by Ernest to “Dear Dad”, dated October 28. This letter is accompanied by a certificate of authenticity by Ernest Hemingway Mainland dated June 25, 2007. The letter is typed with a signature and handwritten P.S. There are notations on the bottom of the letter “Rec’d 10/31/[1]919 and ans.[wered] 11/1/[1]919 CH [Clarence Hemingway]. The letter is two pages on one sheet of paper, which is folded in half, p. 1 is on top and p. 2 is underneath and upside down compared to p. 1. In the letter, Ernest notes he had a hard trip up the Missouri to Petoskey, when he traveled to Boyne City to visit Wesley, and that with his “typer” he is leaving Thursday for Petoskey. Ernest also notes that he is working on the “Woppian Way” and has read several books. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The third letter (original two p. and envelope) written by Hemingway on November 11, 1919, mailed the following day, to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway in Oak Park, Illinois, from Petoskey, Michigan. In this letter, Ernest notes how he has been very ill with a bad sore throat, notes Armistice Day, his prayers for the dead, complains of President Wilson robbing the “wops” and mentions Fiume. [Fiume was given to Yugoslavia from Italy.]He notes it is a lovely day, the linotypers are on strike so eastern magazines are not accepting articles, that he sent an article to the Post, that he is reading and working a lot, mentions the Bumps, and sends love to his family. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The fourth letter from Ernest at Finca Vigia, Cuba, is addressed to his son “Dear Bum,” J. H. N. Hemingway in San Francisco, dated 8 February 1960. It is the only handwritten letter and is accompanied by the envelope, which is also handwritten. In the letter Ernest thanks Bun for his letter, and asks him to check on Christmas gifts, which have not yet arrived, and several addresses. Ernest notes he is very busy working on a piece about bull fights and Death in the Afternoon. He also notes that Mary’s arm is improving with massage and therapy.","Diaries (12), 1938, 1951, of George R. Hemingway, Ernest’s uncle, are also included in the collection. George worked as a representative of the Charlevoix Country Nursery and lived, with his wife, Anna, in East Jordan, Michigan. (This information is from the collection.)","The organizational records, 1990-present, of the Michigan Hemingway Society, including Articles of Incorporations, By-laws, goals and objectives, celebration and conference materials, meeting minutes, financial statements, and other related materials, complete the collection.","While the majority of the collection is in English, some of the movie posters are in French, Italian, Spanish, Danish, Polish, and other languages. The collection is ongoing.","A later addition (Acc# 73683) is three folders donated by Pat Davis. These include 2012 copies of six photographs or postcards of Horton Bay, mainly buildings and scenic views, Correspondence to Wesley about Ernest and Marcelline being in school, 1905, and  to Mrs. Dilworth, announcing Ernest’s engagement, 1921, and sheet music, Song of Welcome, by Grace Hall-Hemingway, 1905. Also included is an announcement card that Dr. Clarence E. Hemingway moved his office to 221 Grove Avenue, 1905.The last folder includes newspaper clippings (copies) of Pat Davis, Dilworth House, and how life when Hemingway was there.","User Note: The collection has a decidedly musty to lightly moldy smell and patrons with allergies or breathing problems should use the collection with care.","Processing Note: Most of the numerous books that came to the Clarke with the collection have been cataloged. Those few books for which no catalog record could be found have been added to this manuscript collection. Later Oversized additions will be added at the end of the collection."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract\u003e\nThis artificial collection includes articles by or about Hemingway, movie posters and photographs, manuscript letters, printed and miscellaneous materials about Ernest Hemingway and his books, diaries of Ernest's uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society. \n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["\nThis artificial collection includes articles by or about Hemingway, movie posters and photographs, manuscript letters, printed and miscellaneous materials about Ernest Hemingway and his books, diaries of Ernest's uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society. \n"],"names_ssim":["Clarke Historical Library , Central Michigan University","Michigan Hemingway Society.","Hemingway family.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Biography.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Correspondence.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Criticism and Interpretation.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Farewell to arms.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--For whom the bell tolls.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Cuba--Havana--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Florida--Key West--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Moveable feast.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Old man and the sea.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Portraits--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Sun also rises."],"corpname_ssim":["Clarke Historical Library , Central Michigan University","Michigan Hemingway Society."],"famname_ssim":["Hemingway family."],"persname_ssim":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Biography.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Correspondence.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Criticism and Interpretation.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Farewell to arms.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--For whom the bell tolls.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Cuba--Havana--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Florida--Key West--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Moveable feast.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Old man and the sea.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Portraits--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Sun also rises."],"language_ssim":["The material is in  English"],"total_component_count_is":303,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"ehll--HemingwayErnest","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:25:31.217Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_9c4cb3413abedee64f542cdc7f122e9a09c9ca1c"}},{"id":"ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_1c4c9d234ccd95a910da65e1f4a6abf9054e4abf","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Manuscripts, Correspondence, Letter from Ernest to his friend Jim Gamble, April 18 and 27, 1919. (This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.), April 18, 27, 1919","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_1c4c9d234ccd95a910da65e1f4a6abf9054e4abf#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"al_1c4c9d234ccd95a910da65e1f4a6abf9054e4abf","ref_ssm":["al_1c4c9d234ccd95a910da65e1f4a6abf9054e4abf","al_1c4c9d234ccd95a910da65e1f4a6abf9054e4abf"],"id":"ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_1c4c9d234ccd95a910da65e1f4a6abf9054e4abf","title_filing_ssi":"Manuscripts, Correspondence, Letter from Ernest to his friend Jim Gamble, April 18 and 27, 1919. (This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.), April 18, 27, 1919","title_ssm":["Manuscripts, Correspondence, Letter from Ernest to his friend Jim Gamble, April 18 and 27, 1919. (This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.), April 18, 27, 1919"],"title_tesim":["Manuscripts, Correspondence, Letter from Ernest to his friend Jim Gamble, April 18 and 27, 1919. (This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.), April 18, 27, 1919"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Manuscripts, Correspondence, Letter from Ernest to his friend Jim Gamble, April 18 and 27, 1919. (This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.), April 18, 27, 1919"],"text":["Manuscripts, Correspondence, Letter from Ernest to his friend Jim Gamble, April 18 and 27, 1919. (This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.), April 18, 27, 1919","Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated","Ernest Hemingway Collection","Box 2","Folder 27"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["ehll--HemingwayErnest","al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980"],"parent_ssi":"al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980","parent_ids_ssim":["ehll--HemingwayErnest","ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated","Ernest Hemingway Collection"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated","Ernest Hemingway Collection"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["Central Michigan University Clarke Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":120,"containers_ssim":["Box 2","Folder 27"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#118","_nest_parent_":"ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980","_root_":"ehll--HemingwayErnest","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:25:31.217Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"ehll--HemingwayErnest","title_ssm":["\nErnest Hemingway Collection,\n \n1901, 2014, and undated\n"],"title_tesim":["\nErnest Hemingway Collection,\n \n1901, 2014, and undated\n"],"ead_ssi":"ehll--HemingwayErnest","level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["\nMSS.\n"],"text":["\nMSS.\n","Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated","Authors, American--20th century.","War and society--United States--History--20th century.","World War, 1914-1918--Veterans.","The collection is divided into three series: materials by and about Ernest Hemingway, the diaries of his uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society.","Biography:","Ernest Hemingway was born July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois, the son of Clarence E. Hemingway, a doctor, and Grace Hall-Hemingway, a musician and voice teacher. He had four sisters and a brother. Every summer, the family summered at the family cottage, named Windemere, on Walloon Lake near Petoskey, Michigan.","After Ernest graduated from high school in June 1917, he joined the Missouri Home Guard. Before it was called to active duty, he served as a volunteer ambulance driver for the American Red Cross. On July 8, 1918 Hemingway was wounded by an Austrian trench mortar. He spent the subsequent summer and fall recovering from his leg wounds in the Milan Red Cross hospital. In Europe, Hemingway met nurse Agnes Von Kurowsky. He thought they were engaged when he returned to the U.S. on January 21, 1919, but she broke off whatever relationship they had had in March 1919.","In January 1920, the city editor of the Toronto Star agreed to buy Hemingway’s stories on a piece by piece basis as they suited the paper. The paper regularly printed his features on dental schools, prizefights, free shaves, trout fishing, rum-running and, later, on Chicago gangsters. He returned to Chicago in May 1920.","In September 1921, Hemingway married Hadley Richardson at Horton Bay, Michigan. They had planned to live in Italy, but were advised by Sherwood Anderson that a would-be-writer should live in Paris. In January 1922, the couple moved into an apartment in Paris’ Latin Quarter.","The Hemingways later returned to Toronto, where Ernest found that the new editor of the Star did not like him.  His first assignment upon his return was to cover a prison escape. He used one prisoner as the basis for his male, loner, anti-social characters, which later appeared in a number of his stories.","Hemingway’s first son, John Hadley Nicanor, was born in Toronto in October  1923.","Furious with his editor, Hemingway returned to Paris in January 1924, living near Ezra Pound. His mentors and friends in Paris included Pound, Sylvia Beach, and Gertrude Stein. Through these three writers, he got to know every expatriate American writer and new artists in Paris. Hemingway developed an appreciation for the insider, the man who knew the language, food and customs of foreign countries.","Between 1924 and 1929, Hemingway rose from obscurity to being one of the best-known American writers of his generation.  His publications in those years included In our time (1925), his breakthrough novel, (The) Sun also rises (1926), Men without women (1927), and (A) Farewell to arms (1929). He spent his summers in Spain following bullfights and his winters skiing in Switzerland, with Paris as his base.","Hadley divorced Ernest in April 1927. She received lifelong rights to the income from (The) Sun also rises. Hemingway then married Pauline Pfeiffer, with whom he had had an affair for over a year, in May 1927.","Ernest and Pauline returned to the U.S. for the cesarean birth of their son, Patrick, who was born in 1928. Also in 1928, Ernest’s father, Clarence Hemingway, committed suicide.","Pauline and Ernest enjoyed Key West fishing and Wyoming dude ranches. After a year of living in and out of Paris, they moved back to Key West in 1930.","In 1930, the sale of the film rights to (A) Farewell to arms brought Hemingway $24,000. Besides that, they lived on Pauline’s trust fund and Ernest’s income from writing. Her wealthy uncle, Augustus Pfeiffer, paid for their home in Key West and their African safari. Pauline and Ernest’s second son, Gregory, was born in 1931. Hemingway also was paid for his book, Death in the afternoon (1932).","During the 1930s, Hemingway wrote Winner takes nothing (1933), Green hills of Africa (1935), several short stories, and a series of personal essays called “Letters” for Esquire magazine. In September 1937 he reported on the Spanish Civil War in Madrid.  In October 1937, Hemingway was featured on the cover of Time magazine and wrote To have and have not. Hemingway also wrote a narrative to the film (The) Spanish earth and wrote his only play, (The) Fifth column (1938).","By February 1939, his marriage to Pauline was essentially over. He had an affair with Martha Gellhorn since 1937. Hemingway moved to Havana and began For whom the bell tolls. On December 24, 1939, Ernest and Martha moved to La Finca Vigia, a house with property outside of Havana. There, he finished For whom the bell tolls, which was released to ecstatic reviews on October 21, 1940. Four days later Paramount Pictures offered Hemingway $100,000 for the film rights. In early November 1940, Pauline’s divorce suit against Ernest on the grounds of desertion was granted. He married Martha Gellhorn a few weeks later.","During World War II, Hemingway suffered with the beginning of severe depression and had a long block in his writing ability. Except for writing an introduction of Men at war (1942) he wrote nothing until 1944. In April 1944 he began work as a war correspondent for Collier’s, displacing Martha. By late May 1944 Hemingway’s marriage to Martha was basically over and he met Mary Welsh Monks, soon to be his fourth wife.","Between June and December 1944, Hemingway deliberately put himself in dangerous positions. He went aboard a landing craft on D-Day, June 6. He twice flew on Royal Air Force missions intercepting German rockets and led a group of French irregulars and unattached GIs towards the liberation of Paris and the Ritz Bar. Two of his essays were published in Collier’s.","In 1945 Hemingway returned to New York and Cuba. Mary joined him in May. In September he sued Martha for divorce on the grounds of desertion. In November the sale of two of his stories for movie rights brought him $112,000.","Hemingway married Mary Welsh Monks in Havana in March 1946. In 1947, he was diagnosed with high blood pressure. From that time forward, Hemingway fought hypertension, diabetes, depression, paranoia, and perhaps hemochromatosis. He also began work on a trilogy, Islands, Garden of Eden, and (A) Moveable feast.","From September 1948 through April 1949, the Hemingways lived in northern Italy. There, he became infatuated with an eighteen-year-old beauty, Adriana Ivancich. Mary tolerated it. In late April the Hemingways returned to Cuba. He wrote Across the river and into the trees (1950), about a dying American colonel and a teenage Venetian beauty. It received overwhelmingly negative reviews. By late 1950 Ivancich and her mother were visiting Finca. Mary wanted out of the marriage, but stayed in it.","In 1951 Hemingway complete the first draft of (The) Old man and the sea and the Islands manuscript.","Grace Hall-Hemingway died in June 1951 and Pauline Hemingway in October 1951. The combination of these deaths was difficult for Hemingway to handle.","Life paid him $40,000 for serial rights and sold five million copies of its September 1, 1952 issue containing (The) Old man and the sea. Scribners sold out 40,000 first run copies of the novella. In April 1953, a film crew arrived in Havana to film the epic. In May, Hemingway was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for fiction for the book.","In June, Ernest and Mary left Havana for Europe and Africa. After surviving a nearly fatal plane crash, the Hemingways recuperated in Venice. In June 1954, they returned to Havana. In October, Hemingway learned that he had been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, but due to ill health, he could not travel to Stockholm.","From 1955 to 1961 Hemingway suffered increasing bad health, and paranoia-ridden depression. He wrote steadily on his trilogy. In January 1959, the Batista government fell to the Castro revolution. The Hemingways, on vacation in the U.S., bought a house in Ketchum, Idaho, from which he could watch the revolution on television.","In 1959, Ernest returned to Spain to cover the bullfights. His mood shifts frightened his wife and bewildered his friends. His health worsened. In November 1960 Hemingway entered Mayo Clinic to be treated for hypertension, an enlarged liver, paranoia, and severe depression. He received shock treatments. By late April 1961 Hemingway had twice attempted suicide.","On July 2, 1961 he blew his head off. Hemingway was survived by his wife, two of his ex-wives, and his three sons. (This information is from American National Biography Online).","Materials by and about Ernest Hemingway in the collection include numerous periodicals with Articles by or about Hemingway, his books, and movies based on his books; numerous Movie Posters; other Posters of Hemingway, his homes, books, or exhibits about him; Photographs (copies), mostly from movies based on his books and some from the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library; the (Film) ‘Adventures of a Young Man’, undated (4 reels): Manuscript Correspondence, four Letters written by Hemingway, one to Jim Gamble written on April 18 and 27, 1919, one dated Oct. 28, 1919 to Ernest's father, Dr. Clarence Hemingway (framed), one dated Nov. 12, 1919 to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway (framed), and one dated 2 Feb. 1960 to his son, J. H. N. Hemingway, as well as copies of two letters written by Hemingway to Owen Wister dated March 1 and 11, 1929 (the originals are in the Library of Congress). Brochures; Advertisements; Exhibit Brochures; Postcards; Auction Catalogs; Sheet Music; Miscellaneous materials. Biographical Information (copies) and ramed Items for exhibits, including posters, photographs, and other materials.","Of particular interest is the first letter (original six p., and a copy) written by Hemingway on April 18 and 27, 1919 to his friend Jim Gamble, the Proctor and Gamble heir, detailing his desire to write even though submissions for publication were rejected, his dashed hopes for marriage, his hunger for recognition, his love of northern Michigan and trout fishing, and notes about people whose company he enjoyed while staying at Windemere Cottage, near Petoskey, Michigan. During this time, Hemingway was recovering from war wounds and a broken heart. The letter is typed with his signature. Included with the letter are copies of two Hemingway letters to Owen Wister, March 1 (6 p.) and 11 (5 p.), 1929, copied from the Library of Congress, and a letter to Henry M. Watts from Theodore Voorhees, December 11, 1979, concerning the copied letters. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The second manuscript letter is written by Ernest to “Dear Dad”, dated October 28. This letter is accompanied by a certificate of authenticity by Ernest Hemingway Mainland dated June 25, 2007. The letter is typed with a signature and handwritten P.S. There are notations on the bottom of the letter “Rec’d 10/31/[1]919 and ans.[wered] 11/1/[1]919 CH [Clarence Hemingway]. The letter is two pages on one sheet of paper, which is folded in half, p. 1 is on top and p. 2 is underneath and upside down compared to p. 1. In the letter, Ernest notes he had a hard trip up the Missouri to Petoskey, when he traveled to Boyne City to visit Wesley, and that with his “typer” he is leaving Thursday for Petoskey. Ernest also notes that he is working on the “Woppian Way” and has read several books. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The third letter (original two p. and envelope) written by Hemingway on November 11, 1919, mailed the following day, to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway in Oak Park, Illinois, from Petoskey, Michigan. In this letter, Ernest notes how he has been very ill with a bad sore throat, notes Armistice Day, his prayers for the dead, complains of President Wilson robbing the “wops” and mentions Fiume. [Fiume was given to Yugoslavia from Italy.]He notes it is a lovely day, the linotypers are on strike so eastern magazines are not accepting articles, that he sent an article to the Post, that he is reading and working a lot, mentions the Bumps, and sends love to his family. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The fourth letter from Ernest at Finca Vigia, Cuba, is addressed to his son “Dear Bum,” J. H. N. Hemingway in San Francisco, dated 8 February 1960. It is the only handwritten letter and is accompanied by the envelope, which is also handwritten. In the letter Ernest thanks Bun for his letter, and asks him to check on Christmas gifts, which have not yet arrived, and several addresses. Ernest notes he is very busy working on a piece about bull fights and Death in the Afternoon. He also notes that Mary’s arm is improving with massage and therapy.","Diaries (12), 1938, 1951, of George R. Hemingway, Ernest’s uncle, are also included in the collection. George worked as a representative of the Charlevoix Country Nursery and lived, with his wife, Anna, in East Jordan, Michigan. (This information is from the collection.)","The organizational records, 1990-present, of the Michigan Hemingway Society, including Articles of Incorporations, By-laws, goals and objectives, celebration and conference materials, meeting minutes, financial statements, and other related materials, complete the collection.","While the majority of the collection is in English, some of the movie posters are in French, Italian, Spanish, Danish, Polish, and other languages. The collection is ongoing.","A later addition (Acc# 73683) is three folders donated by Pat Davis. These include 2012 copies of six photographs or postcards of Horton Bay, mainly buildings and scenic views, Correspondence to Wesley about Ernest and Marcelline being in school, 1905, and  to Mrs. Dilworth, announcing Ernest’s engagement, 1921, and sheet music, Song of Welcome, by Grace Hall-Hemingway, 1905. Also included is an announcement card that Dr. Clarence E. Hemingway moved his office to 221 Grove Avenue, 1905.The last folder includes newspaper clippings (copies) of Pat Davis, Dilworth House, and how life when Hemingway was there.","User Note: The collection has a decidedly musty to lightly moldy smell and patrons with allergies or breathing problems should use the collection with care.","Processing Note: Most of the numerous books that came to the Clarke with the collection have been cataloged. Those few books for which no catalog record could be found have been added to this manuscript collection. Later Oversized additions will be added at the end of the collection.","\nThis artificial collection includes articles by or about Hemingway, movie posters and photographs, manuscript letters, printed and miscellaneous materials about Ernest Hemingway and his books, diaries of Ernest's uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society. \n","Clarke Historical Library , Central Michigan University","Michigan Hemingway Society.","Hemingway family.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Biography.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Correspondence.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Criticism and Interpretation.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Farewell to arms.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--For whom the bell tolls.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Cuba--Havana--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Florida--Key West--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Moveable feast.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Old man and the sea.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Portraits--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Sun also rises.","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["\nMSS.\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated"],"collection_ssim":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated"],"repository_ssm":["Central Michigan University Clarke Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["Central Michigan University Clarke Historical Library"],"creator_ssm":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961."],"creator_ssim":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961."],"creators_ssim":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961."],"acqinfo_ssim":["\nAcc# many\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Authors, American--20th century.","War and society--United States--History--20th century.","World War, 1914-1918--Veterans."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Authors, American--20th century.","War and society--United States--History--20th century.","World War, 1914-1918--Veterans."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6 cubic feet (in 7 boxes, 8 Oversized folders, 4 reels in 4 boxes, and 52 framed items)"],"extent_tesim":["6 cubic feet (in 7 boxes, 8 Oversized folders, 4 reels in 4 boxes, and 52 framed items)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into three series: materials by and about Ernest Hemingway, the diaries of his uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into three series: materials by and about Ernest Hemingway, the diaries of his uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBiography:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eErnest Hemingway was born July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois, the son of Clarence E. Hemingway, a doctor, and Grace Hall-Hemingway, a musician and voice teacher. He had four sisters and a brother. Every summer, the family summered at the family cottage, named Windemere, on Walloon Lake near Petoskey, Michigan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter Ernest graduated from high school in June 1917, he joined the Missouri Home Guard. Before it was called to active duty, he served as a volunteer ambulance driver for the American Red Cross. On July 8, 1918 Hemingway was wounded by an Austrian trench mortar. He spent the subsequent summer and fall recovering from his leg wounds in the Milan Red Cross hospital. In Europe, Hemingway met nurse Agnes Von Kurowsky. He thought they were engaged when he returned to the U.S. on January 21, 1919, but she broke off whatever relationship they had had in March 1919.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 1920, the city editor of the Toronto Star agreed to buy Hemingway\u0026#x2019;s stories on a piece by piece basis as they suited the paper. The paper regularly printed his features on dental schools, prizefights, free shaves, trout fishing, rum-running and, later, on Chicago gangsters. He returned to Chicago in May 1920.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn September 1921, Hemingway married Hadley Richardson at Horton Bay, Michigan. They had planned to live in Italy, but were advised by Sherwood Anderson that a would-be-writer should live in Paris. In January 1922, the couple moved into an apartment in Paris\u0026#x2019; Latin Quarter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Hemingways later returned to Toronto, where Ernest found that the new editor of the Star did not like him.  His first assignment upon his return was to cover a prison escape. He used one prisoner as the basis for his male, loner, anti-social characters, which later appeared in a number of his stories.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHemingway\u0026#x2019;s first son, John Hadley Nicanor, was born in Toronto in October  1923.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFurious with his editor, Hemingway returned to Paris in January 1924, living near Ezra Pound. His mentors and friends in Paris included Pound, Sylvia Beach, and Gertrude Stein. Through these three writers, he got to know every expatriate American writer and new artists in Paris. Hemingway developed an appreciation for the insider, the man who knew the language, food and customs of foreign countries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBetween 1924 and 1929, Hemingway rose from obscurity to being one of the best-known American writers of his generation.  His publications in those years included In our time (1925), his breakthrough novel, (The) Sun also rises (1926), Men without women (1927), and (A) Farewell to arms (1929). He spent his summers in Spain following bullfights and his winters skiing in Switzerland, with Paris as his base.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHadley divorced Ernest in April 1927. She received lifelong rights to the income from (The) Sun also rises. Hemingway then married Pauline Pfeiffer, with whom he had had an affair for over a year, in May 1927.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eErnest and Pauline returned to the U.S. for the cesarean birth of their son, Patrick, who was born in 1928. Also in 1928, Ernest\u0026#x2019;s father, Clarence Hemingway, committed suicide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePauline and Ernest enjoyed Key West fishing and Wyoming dude ranches. After a year of living in and out of Paris, they moved back to Key West in 1930.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1930, the sale of the film rights to (A) Farewell to arms brought Hemingway $24,000. Besides that, they lived on Pauline\u0026#x2019;s trust fund and Ernest\u0026#x2019;s income from writing. Her wealthy uncle, Augustus Pfeiffer, paid for their home in Key West and their African safari. Pauline and Ernest\u0026#x2019;s second son, Gregory, was born in 1931. Hemingway also was paid for his book, Death in the afternoon (1932).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1930s, Hemingway wrote Winner takes nothing (1933), Green hills of Africa (1935), several short stories, and a series of personal essays called \u0026#x201C;Letters\u0026#x201D; for Esquire magazine. In September 1937 he reported on the Spanish Civil War in Madrid.  In October 1937, Hemingway was featured on the cover of Time magazine and wrote To have and have not. Hemingway also wrote a narrative to the film (The) Spanish earth and wrote his only play, (The) Fifth column (1938).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy February 1939, his marriage to Pauline was essentially over. He had an affair with Martha Gellhorn since 1937. Hemingway moved to Havana and began For whom the bell tolls. On December 24, 1939, Ernest and Martha moved to La Finca Vigia, a house with property outside of Havana. There, he finished For whom the bell tolls, which was released to ecstatic reviews on October 21, 1940. Four days later Paramount Pictures offered Hemingway $100,000 for the film rights. In early November 1940, Pauline\u0026#x2019;s divorce suit against Ernest on the grounds of desertion was granted. He married Martha Gellhorn a few weeks later.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, Hemingway suffered with the beginning of severe depression and had a long block in his writing ability. Except for writing an introduction of Men at war (1942) he wrote nothing until 1944. In April 1944 he began work as a war correspondent for Collier\u0026#x2019;s, displacing Martha. By late May 1944 Hemingway\u0026#x2019;s marriage to Martha was basically over and he met Mary Welsh Monks, soon to be his fourth wife.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBetween June and December 1944, Hemingway deliberately put himself in dangerous positions. He went aboard a landing craft on D-Day, June 6. He twice flew on Royal Air Force missions intercepting German rockets and led a group of French irregulars and unattached GIs towards the liberation of Paris and the Ritz Bar. Two of his essays were published in Collier\u0026#x2019;s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1945 Hemingway returned to New York and Cuba. Mary joined him in May. In September he sued Martha for divorce on the grounds of desertion. In November the sale of two of his stories for movie rights brought him $112,000.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHemingway married Mary Welsh Monks in Havana in March 1946. In 1947, he was diagnosed with high blood pressure. From that time forward, Hemingway fought hypertension, diabetes, depression, paranoia, and perhaps hemochromatosis. He also began work on a trilogy, Islands, Garden of Eden, and (A) Moveable feast.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom September 1948 through April 1949, the Hemingways lived in northern Italy. There, he became infatuated with an eighteen-year-old beauty, Adriana Ivancich. Mary tolerated it. In late April the Hemingways returned to Cuba. He wrote Across the river and into the trees (1950), about a dying American colonel and a teenage Venetian beauty. It received overwhelmingly negative reviews. By late 1950 Ivancich and her mother were visiting Finca. Mary wanted out of the marriage, but stayed in it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1951 Hemingway complete the first draft of (The) Old man and the sea and the Islands manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGrace Hall-Hemingway died in June 1951 and Pauline Hemingway in October 1951. The combination of these deaths was difficult for Hemingway to handle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLife paid him $40,000 for serial rights and sold five million copies of its September 1, 1952 issue containing (The) Old man and the sea. Scribners sold out 40,000 first run copies of the novella. In April 1953, a film crew arrived in Havana to film the epic. In May, Hemingway was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for fiction for the book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn June, Ernest and Mary left Havana for Europe and Africa. After surviving a nearly fatal plane crash, the Hemingways recuperated in Venice. In June 1954, they returned to Havana. In October, Hemingway learned that he had been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, but due to ill health, he could not travel to Stockholm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1955 to 1961 Hemingway suffered increasing bad health, and paranoia-ridden depression. He wrote steadily on his trilogy. In January 1959, the Batista government fell to the Castro revolution. The Hemingways, on vacation in the U.S., bought a house in Ketchum, Idaho, from which he could watch the revolution on television.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1959, Ernest returned to Spain to cover the bullfights. His mood shifts frightened his wife and bewildered his friends. His health worsened. In November 1960 Hemingway entered Mayo Clinic to be treated for hypertension, an enlarged liver, paranoia, and severe depression. He received shock treatments. By late April 1961 Hemingway had twice attempted suicide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn July 2, 1961 he blew his head off. Hemingway was survived by his wife, two of his ex-wives, and his three sons. (This information is from American National Biography Online).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_tesim":["Biography:","Ernest Hemingway was born July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois, the son of Clarence E. Hemingway, a doctor, and Grace Hall-Hemingway, a musician and voice teacher. He had four sisters and a brother. Every summer, the family summered at the family cottage, named Windemere, on Walloon Lake near Petoskey, Michigan.","After Ernest graduated from high school in June 1917, he joined the Missouri Home Guard. Before it was called to active duty, he served as a volunteer ambulance driver for the American Red Cross. On July 8, 1918 Hemingway was wounded by an Austrian trench mortar. He spent the subsequent summer and fall recovering from his leg wounds in the Milan Red Cross hospital. In Europe, Hemingway met nurse Agnes Von Kurowsky. He thought they were engaged when he returned to the U.S. on January 21, 1919, but she broke off whatever relationship they had had in March 1919.","In January 1920, the city editor of the Toronto Star agreed to buy Hemingway’s stories on a piece by piece basis as they suited the paper. The paper regularly printed his features on dental schools, prizefights, free shaves, trout fishing, rum-running and, later, on Chicago gangsters. He returned to Chicago in May 1920.","In September 1921, Hemingway married Hadley Richardson at Horton Bay, Michigan. They had planned to live in Italy, but were advised by Sherwood Anderson that a would-be-writer should live in Paris. In January 1922, the couple moved into an apartment in Paris’ Latin Quarter.","The Hemingways later returned to Toronto, where Ernest found that the new editor of the Star did not like him.  His first assignment upon his return was to cover a prison escape. He used one prisoner as the basis for his male, loner, anti-social characters, which later appeared in a number of his stories.","Hemingway’s first son, John Hadley Nicanor, was born in Toronto in October  1923.","Furious with his editor, Hemingway returned to Paris in January 1924, living near Ezra Pound. His mentors and friends in Paris included Pound, Sylvia Beach, and Gertrude Stein. Through these three writers, he got to know every expatriate American writer and new artists in Paris. Hemingway developed an appreciation for the insider, the man who knew the language, food and customs of foreign countries.","Between 1924 and 1929, Hemingway rose from obscurity to being one of the best-known American writers of his generation.  His publications in those years included In our time (1925), his breakthrough novel, (The) Sun also rises (1926), Men without women (1927), and (A) Farewell to arms (1929). He spent his summers in Spain following bullfights and his winters skiing in Switzerland, with Paris as his base.","Hadley divorced Ernest in April 1927. She received lifelong rights to the income from (The) Sun also rises. Hemingway then married Pauline Pfeiffer, with whom he had had an affair for over a year, in May 1927.","Ernest and Pauline returned to the U.S. for the cesarean birth of their son, Patrick, who was born in 1928. Also in 1928, Ernest’s father, Clarence Hemingway, committed suicide.","Pauline and Ernest enjoyed Key West fishing and Wyoming dude ranches. After a year of living in and out of Paris, they moved back to Key West in 1930.","In 1930, the sale of the film rights to (A) Farewell to arms brought Hemingway $24,000. Besides that, they lived on Pauline’s trust fund and Ernest’s income from writing. Her wealthy uncle, Augustus Pfeiffer, paid for their home in Key West and their African safari. Pauline and Ernest’s second son, Gregory, was born in 1931. Hemingway also was paid for his book, Death in the afternoon (1932).","During the 1930s, Hemingway wrote Winner takes nothing (1933), Green hills of Africa (1935), several short stories, and a series of personal essays called “Letters” for Esquire magazine. In September 1937 he reported on the Spanish Civil War in Madrid.  In October 1937, Hemingway was featured on the cover of Time magazine and wrote To have and have not. Hemingway also wrote a narrative to the film (The) Spanish earth and wrote his only play, (The) Fifth column (1938).","By February 1939, his marriage to Pauline was essentially over. He had an affair with Martha Gellhorn since 1937. Hemingway moved to Havana and began For whom the bell tolls. On December 24, 1939, Ernest and Martha moved to La Finca Vigia, a house with property outside of Havana. There, he finished For whom the bell tolls, which was released to ecstatic reviews on October 21, 1940. Four days later Paramount Pictures offered Hemingway $100,000 for the film rights. In early November 1940, Pauline’s divorce suit against Ernest on the grounds of desertion was granted. He married Martha Gellhorn a few weeks later.","During World War II, Hemingway suffered with the beginning of severe depression and had a long block in his writing ability. Except for writing an introduction of Men at war (1942) he wrote nothing until 1944. In April 1944 he began work as a war correspondent for Collier’s, displacing Martha. By late May 1944 Hemingway’s marriage to Martha was basically over and he met Mary Welsh Monks, soon to be his fourth wife.","Between June and December 1944, Hemingway deliberately put himself in dangerous positions. He went aboard a landing craft on D-Day, June 6. He twice flew on Royal Air Force missions intercepting German rockets and led a group of French irregulars and unattached GIs towards the liberation of Paris and the Ritz Bar. Two of his essays were published in Collier’s.","In 1945 Hemingway returned to New York and Cuba. Mary joined him in May. In September he sued Martha for divorce on the grounds of desertion. In November the sale of two of his stories for movie rights brought him $112,000.","Hemingway married Mary Welsh Monks in Havana in March 1946. In 1947, he was diagnosed with high blood pressure. From that time forward, Hemingway fought hypertension, diabetes, depression, paranoia, and perhaps hemochromatosis. He also began work on a trilogy, Islands, Garden of Eden, and (A) Moveable feast.","From September 1948 through April 1949, the Hemingways lived in northern Italy. There, he became infatuated with an eighteen-year-old beauty, Adriana Ivancich. Mary tolerated it. In late April the Hemingways returned to Cuba. He wrote Across the river and into the trees (1950), about a dying American colonel and a teenage Venetian beauty. It received overwhelmingly negative reviews. By late 1950 Ivancich and her mother were visiting Finca. Mary wanted out of the marriage, but stayed in it.","In 1951 Hemingway complete the first draft of (The) Old man and the sea and the Islands manuscript.","Grace Hall-Hemingway died in June 1951 and Pauline Hemingway in October 1951. The combination of these deaths was difficult for Hemingway to handle.","Life paid him $40,000 for serial rights and sold five million copies of its September 1, 1952 issue containing (The) Old man and the sea. Scribners sold out 40,000 first run copies of the novella. In April 1953, a film crew arrived in Havana to film the epic. In May, Hemingway was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for fiction for the book.","In June, Ernest and Mary left Havana for Europe and Africa. After surviving a nearly fatal plane crash, the Hemingways recuperated in Venice. In June 1954, they returned to Havana. In October, Hemingway learned that he had been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, but due to ill health, he could not travel to Stockholm.","From 1955 to 1961 Hemingway suffered increasing bad health, and paranoia-ridden depression. He wrote steadily on his trilogy. In January 1959, the Batista government fell to the Castro revolution. The Hemingways, on vacation in the U.S., bought a house in Ketchum, Idaho, from which he could watch the revolution on television.","In 1959, Ernest returned to Spain to cover the bullfights. His mood shifts frightened his wife and bewildered his friends. His health worsened. In November 1960 Hemingway entered Mayo Clinic to be treated for hypertension, an enlarged liver, paranoia, and severe depression. He received shock treatments. By late April 1961 Hemingway had twice attempted suicide.","On July 2, 1961 he blew his head off. Hemingway was survived by his wife, two of his ex-wives, and his three sons. (This information is from American National Biography Online)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials by and about Ernest Hemingway in the collection include numerous periodicals with Articles by or about Hemingway, his books, and movies based on his books; numerous Movie Posters; other Posters of Hemingway, his homes, books, or exhibits about him; Photographs (copies), mostly from movies based on his books and some from the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library; the (Film) \u0026#x2018;Adventures of a Young Man\u0026#x2019;, undated (4 reels): Manuscript Correspondence, four Letters written by Hemingway, one to Jim Gamble written on April 18 and 27, 1919, one dated Oct. 28, 1919 to Ernest's father, Dr. Clarence Hemingway (framed), one dated Nov. 12, 1919 to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway (framed), and one dated 2 Feb. 1960 to his son, J. H. N. Hemingway, as well as copies of two letters written by Hemingway to Owen Wister dated March 1 and 11, 1929 (the originals are in the Library of Congress). Brochures; Advertisements; Exhibit Brochures; Postcards; Auction Catalogs; Sheet Music; Miscellaneous materials. Biographical Information (copies) and ramed Items for exhibits, including posters, photographs, and other materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf particular interest is the first letter (original six p., and a copy) written by Hemingway on April 18 and 27, 1919 to his friend Jim Gamble, the Proctor and Gamble heir, detailing his desire to write even though submissions for publication were rejected, his dashed hopes for marriage, his hunger for recognition, his love of northern Michigan and trout fishing, and notes about people whose company he enjoyed while staying at Windemere Cottage, near Petoskey, Michigan. During this time, Hemingway was recovering from war wounds and a broken heart. The letter is typed with his signature. Included with the letter are copies of two Hemingway letters to Owen Wister, March 1 (6 p.) and 11 (5 p.), 1929, copied from the Library of Congress, and a letter to Henry M. Watts from Theodore Voorhees, December 11, 1979, concerning the copied letters. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second manuscript letter is written by Ernest to \u0026#x201C;Dear Dad\u0026#x201D;, dated October 28. This letter is accompanied by a certificate of authenticity by Ernest Hemingway Mainland dated June 25, 2007. The letter is typed with a signature and handwritten P.S. There are notations on the bottom of the letter \u0026#x201C;Rec\u0026#x2019;d 10/31/[1]919 and ans.[wered] 11/1/[1]919 CH [Clarence Hemingway]. The letter is two pages on one sheet of paper, which is folded in half, p. 1 is on top and p. 2 is underneath and upside down compared to p. 1. In the letter, Ernest notes he had a hard trip up the Missouri to Petoskey, when he traveled to Boyne City to visit Wesley, and that with his \u0026#x201C;typer\u0026#x201D; he is leaving Thursday for Petoskey. Ernest also notes that he is working on the \u0026#x201C;Woppian Way\u0026#x201D; and has read several books. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe third letter (original two p. and envelope) written by Hemingway on November 11, 1919, mailed the following day, to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway in Oak Park, Illinois, from Petoskey, Michigan. In this letter, Ernest notes how he has been very ill with a bad sore throat, notes Armistice Day, his prayers for the dead, complains of President Wilson robbing the \u0026#x201C;wops\u0026#x201D; and mentions Fiume. [Fiume was given to Yugoslavia from Italy.]He notes it is a lovely day, the linotypers are on strike so eastern magazines are not accepting articles, that he sent an article to the Post, that he is reading and working a lot, mentions the Bumps, and sends love to his family. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth letter from Ernest at Finca Vigia, Cuba, is addressed to his son \u0026#x201C;Dear Bum,\u0026#x201D; J. H. N. Hemingway in San Francisco, dated 8 February 1960. It is the only handwritten letter and is accompanied by the envelope, which is also handwritten. In the letter Ernest thanks Bun for his letter, and asks him to check on Christmas gifts, which have not yet arrived, and several addresses. Ernest notes he is very busy working on a piece about bull fights and Death in the Afternoon. He also notes that Mary\u0026#x2019;s arm is improving with massage and therapy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiaries (12), 1938, 1951, of George R. Hemingway, Ernest\u0026#x2019;s uncle, are also included in the collection. George worked as a representative of the Charlevoix Country Nursery and lived, with his wife, Anna, in East Jordan, Michigan. (This information is from the collection.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe organizational records, 1990-present, of the Michigan Hemingway Society, including Articles of Incorporations, By-laws, goals and objectives, celebration and conference materials, meeting minutes, financial statements, and other related materials, complete the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the majority of the collection is in English, some of the movie posters are in French, Italian, Spanish, Danish, Polish, and other languages. The collection is ongoing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA later addition (Acc# 73683) is three folders donated by Pat Davis. These include 2012 copies of six photographs or postcards of Horton Bay, mainly buildings and scenic views, Correspondence to Wesley about Ernest and Marcelline being in school, 1905, and  to Mrs. Dilworth, announcing Ernest\u0026#x2019;s engagement, 1921, and sheet music, Song of Welcome, by Grace Hall-Hemingway, 1905. Also included is an announcement card that Dr. Clarence E. Hemingway moved his office to 221 Grove Avenue, 1905.The last folder includes newspaper clippings (copies) of Pat Davis, Dilworth House, and how life when Hemingway was there.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUser Note: The collection has a decidedly musty to lightly moldy smell and patrons with allergies or breathing problems should use the collection with care.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessing Note: Most of the numerous books that came to the Clarke with the collection have been cataloged. Those few books for which no catalog record could be found have been added to this manuscript collection. Later Oversized additions will be added at the end of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials by and about Ernest Hemingway in the collection include numerous periodicals with Articles by or about Hemingway, his books, and movies based on his books; numerous Movie Posters; other Posters of Hemingway, his homes, books, or exhibits about him; Photographs (copies), mostly from movies based on his books and some from the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library; the (Film) ‘Adventures of a Young Man’, undated (4 reels): Manuscript Correspondence, four Letters written by Hemingway, one to Jim Gamble written on April 18 and 27, 1919, one dated Oct. 28, 1919 to Ernest's father, Dr. Clarence Hemingway (framed), one dated Nov. 12, 1919 to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway (framed), and one dated 2 Feb. 1960 to his son, J. H. N. Hemingway, as well as copies of two letters written by Hemingway to Owen Wister dated March 1 and 11, 1929 (the originals are in the Library of Congress). Brochures; Advertisements; Exhibit Brochures; Postcards; Auction Catalogs; Sheet Music; Miscellaneous materials. Biographical Information (copies) and ramed Items for exhibits, including posters, photographs, and other materials.","Of particular interest is the first letter (original six p., and a copy) written by Hemingway on April 18 and 27, 1919 to his friend Jim Gamble, the Proctor and Gamble heir, detailing his desire to write even though submissions for publication were rejected, his dashed hopes for marriage, his hunger for recognition, his love of northern Michigan and trout fishing, and notes about people whose company he enjoyed while staying at Windemere Cottage, near Petoskey, Michigan. During this time, Hemingway was recovering from war wounds and a broken heart. The letter is typed with his signature. Included with the letter are copies of two Hemingway letters to Owen Wister, March 1 (6 p.) and 11 (5 p.), 1929, copied from the Library of Congress, and a letter to Henry M. Watts from Theodore Voorhees, December 11, 1979, concerning the copied letters. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The second manuscript letter is written by Ernest to “Dear Dad”, dated October 28. This letter is accompanied by a certificate of authenticity by Ernest Hemingway Mainland dated June 25, 2007. The letter is typed with a signature and handwritten P.S. There are notations on the bottom of the letter “Rec’d 10/31/[1]919 and ans.[wered] 11/1/[1]919 CH [Clarence Hemingway]. The letter is two pages on one sheet of paper, which is folded in half, p. 1 is on top and p. 2 is underneath and upside down compared to p. 1. In the letter, Ernest notes he had a hard trip up the Missouri to Petoskey, when he traveled to Boyne City to visit Wesley, and that with his “typer” he is leaving Thursday for Petoskey. Ernest also notes that he is working on the “Woppian Way” and has read several books. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The third letter (original two p. and envelope) written by Hemingway on November 11, 1919, mailed the following day, to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway in Oak Park, Illinois, from Petoskey, Michigan. In this letter, Ernest notes how he has been very ill with a bad sore throat, notes Armistice Day, his prayers for the dead, complains of President Wilson robbing the “wops” and mentions Fiume. [Fiume was given to Yugoslavia from Italy.]He notes it is a lovely day, the linotypers are on strike so eastern magazines are not accepting articles, that he sent an article to the Post, that he is reading and working a lot, mentions the Bumps, and sends love to his family. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The fourth letter from Ernest at Finca Vigia, Cuba, is addressed to his son “Dear Bum,” J. H. N. Hemingway in San Francisco, dated 8 February 1960. It is the only handwritten letter and is accompanied by the envelope, which is also handwritten. In the letter Ernest thanks Bun for his letter, and asks him to check on Christmas gifts, which have not yet arrived, and several addresses. Ernest notes he is very busy working on a piece about bull fights and Death in the Afternoon. He also notes that Mary’s arm is improving with massage and therapy.","Diaries (12), 1938, 1951, of George R. Hemingway, Ernest’s uncle, are also included in the collection. George worked as a representative of the Charlevoix Country Nursery and lived, with his wife, Anna, in East Jordan, Michigan. (This information is from the collection.)","The organizational records, 1990-present, of the Michigan Hemingway Society, including Articles of Incorporations, By-laws, goals and objectives, celebration and conference materials, meeting minutes, financial statements, and other related materials, complete the collection.","While the majority of the collection is in English, some of the movie posters are in French, Italian, Spanish, Danish, Polish, and other languages. The collection is ongoing.","A later addition (Acc# 73683) is three folders donated by Pat Davis. These include 2012 copies of six photographs or postcards of Horton Bay, mainly buildings and scenic views, Correspondence to Wesley about Ernest and Marcelline being in school, 1905, and  to Mrs. Dilworth, announcing Ernest’s engagement, 1921, and sheet music, Song of Welcome, by Grace Hall-Hemingway, 1905. Also included is an announcement card that Dr. Clarence E. Hemingway moved his office to 221 Grove Avenue, 1905.The last folder includes newspaper clippings (copies) of Pat Davis, Dilworth House, and how life when Hemingway was there.","User Note: The collection has a decidedly musty to lightly moldy smell and patrons with allergies or breathing problems should use the collection with care.","Processing Note: Most of the numerous books that came to the Clarke with the collection have been cataloged. Those few books for which no catalog record could be found have been added to this manuscript collection. Later Oversized additions will be added at the end of the collection."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract\u003e\nThis artificial collection includes articles by or about Hemingway, movie posters and photographs, manuscript letters, printed and miscellaneous materials about Ernest Hemingway and his books, diaries of Ernest's uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society. \n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["\nThis artificial collection includes articles by or about Hemingway, movie posters and photographs, manuscript letters, printed and miscellaneous materials about Ernest Hemingway and his books, diaries of Ernest's uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society. \n"],"names_ssim":["Clarke Historical Library , Central Michigan University","Michigan Hemingway Society.","Hemingway family.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Biography.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Correspondence.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Criticism and Interpretation.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Farewell to arms.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--For whom the bell tolls.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Cuba--Havana--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Florida--Key West--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Moveable feast.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Old man and the sea.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Portraits--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Sun also rises."],"corpname_ssim":["Clarke Historical Library , Central Michigan University","Michigan Hemingway Society."],"famname_ssim":["Hemingway family."],"persname_ssim":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Biography.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Correspondence.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Criticism and Interpretation.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Farewell to arms.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--For whom the bell tolls.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Cuba--Havana--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Florida--Key West--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Moveable feast.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Old man and the sea.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Portraits--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Sun also rises."],"language_ssim":["The material is in  English"],"total_component_count_is":303,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"ehll--HemingwayErnest","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:25:31.217Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_1c4c9d234ccd95a910da65e1f4a6abf9054e4abf"}},{"id":"ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_708834c03abd8fb74b841a8ea67201c85c056df5","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Manuscripts, Correspondence, Letter from Ernest to his son J. H. N. Hemingway, August 2, 1960 (and envelope), August 2, 1960","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_708834c03abd8fb74b841a8ea67201c85c056df5#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"al_708834c03abd8fb74b841a8ea67201c85c056df5","ref_ssm":["al_708834c03abd8fb74b841a8ea67201c85c056df5","al_708834c03abd8fb74b841a8ea67201c85c056df5"],"id":"ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_708834c03abd8fb74b841a8ea67201c85c056df5","title_filing_ssi":"Manuscripts, Correspondence, Letter from Ernest to his son J. H. N. Hemingway, August 2, 1960 (and envelope), August 2, 1960","title_ssm":["Manuscripts, Correspondence, Letter from Ernest to his son J. H. N. Hemingway, August 2, 1960 (and envelope), August 2, 1960"],"title_tesim":["Manuscripts, Correspondence, Letter from Ernest to his son J. H. N. Hemingway, August 2, 1960 (and envelope), August 2, 1960"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Manuscripts, Correspondence, Letter from Ernest to his son J. H. N. Hemingway, August 2, 1960 (and envelope), August 2, 1960"],"text":["Manuscripts, Correspondence, Letter from Ernest to his son J. H. N. Hemingway, August 2, 1960 (and envelope), August 2, 1960","Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated","Ernest Hemingway Collection","Box 2","Folder 27"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["ehll--HemingwayErnest","al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980"],"parent_ssi":"al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980","parent_ids_ssim":["ehll--HemingwayErnest","ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated","Ernest Hemingway Collection"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated","Ernest Hemingway Collection"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["Central Michigan University Clarke Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":121,"containers_ssim":["Box 2","Folder 27"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#119","_nest_parent_":"ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980","_root_":"ehll--HemingwayErnest","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:25:31.217Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"ehll--HemingwayErnest","title_ssm":["\nErnest Hemingway Collection,\n \n1901, 2014, and undated\n"],"title_tesim":["\nErnest Hemingway Collection,\n \n1901, 2014, and undated\n"],"ead_ssi":"ehll--HemingwayErnest","level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["\nMSS.\n"],"text":["\nMSS.\n","Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated","Authors, American--20th century.","War and society--United States--History--20th century.","World War, 1914-1918--Veterans.","The collection is divided into three series: materials by and about Ernest Hemingway, the diaries of his uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society.","Biography:","Ernest Hemingway was born July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois, the son of Clarence E. Hemingway, a doctor, and Grace Hall-Hemingway, a musician and voice teacher. He had four sisters and a brother. Every summer, the family summered at the family cottage, named Windemere, on Walloon Lake near Petoskey, Michigan.","After Ernest graduated from high school in June 1917, he joined the Missouri Home Guard. Before it was called to active duty, he served as a volunteer ambulance driver for the American Red Cross. On July 8, 1918 Hemingway was wounded by an Austrian trench mortar. He spent the subsequent summer and fall recovering from his leg wounds in the Milan Red Cross hospital. In Europe, Hemingway met nurse Agnes Von Kurowsky. He thought they were engaged when he returned to the U.S. on January 21, 1919, but she broke off whatever relationship they had had in March 1919.","In January 1920, the city editor of the Toronto Star agreed to buy Hemingway’s stories on a piece by piece basis as they suited the paper. The paper regularly printed his features on dental schools, prizefights, free shaves, trout fishing, rum-running and, later, on Chicago gangsters. He returned to Chicago in May 1920.","In September 1921, Hemingway married Hadley Richardson at Horton Bay, Michigan. They had planned to live in Italy, but were advised by Sherwood Anderson that a would-be-writer should live in Paris. In January 1922, the couple moved into an apartment in Paris’ Latin Quarter.","The Hemingways later returned to Toronto, where Ernest found that the new editor of the Star did not like him.  His first assignment upon his return was to cover a prison escape. He used one prisoner as the basis for his male, loner, anti-social characters, which later appeared in a number of his stories.","Hemingway’s first son, John Hadley Nicanor, was born in Toronto in October  1923.","Furious with his editor, Hemingway returned to Paris in January 1924, living near Ezra Pound. His mentors and friends in Paris included Pound, Sylvia Beach, and Gertrude Stein. Through these three writers, he got to know every expatriate American writer and new artists in Paris. Hemingway developed an appreciation for the insider, the man who knew the language, food and customs of foreign countries.","Between 1924 and 1929, Hemingway rose from obscurity to being one of the best-known American writers of his generation.  His publications in those years included In our time (1925), his breakthrough novel, (The) Sun also rises (1926), Men without women (1927), and (A) Farewell to arms (1929). He spent his summers in Spain following bullfights and his winters skiing in Switzerland, with Paris as his base.","Hadley divorced Ernest in April 1927. She received lifelong rights to the income from (The) Sun also rises. Hemingway then married Pauline Pfeiffer, with whom he had had an affair for over a year, in May 1927.","Ernest and Pauline returned to the U.S. for the cesarean birth of their son, Patrick, who was born in 1928. Also in 1928, Ernest’s father, Clarence Hemingway, committed suicide.","Pauline and Ernest enjoyed Key West fishing and Wyoming dude ranches. After a year of living in and out of Paris, they moved back to Key West in 1930.","In 1930, the sale of the film rights to (A) Farewell to arms brought Hemingway $24,000. Besides that, they lived on Pauline’s trust fund and Ernest’s income from writing. Her wealthy uncle, Augustus Pfeiffer, paid for their home in Key West and their African safari. Pauline and Ernest’s second son, Gregory, was born in 1931. Hemingway also was paid for his book, Death in the afternoon (1932).","During the 1930s, Hemingway wrote Winner takes nothing (1933), Green hills of Africa (1935), several short stories, and a series of personal essays called “Letters” for Esquire magazine. In September 1937 he reported on the Spanish Civil War in Madrid.  In October 1937, Hemingway was featured on the cover of Time magazine and wrote To have and have not. Hemingway also wrote a narrative to the film (The) Spanish earth and wrote his only play, (The) Fifth column (1938).","By February 1939, his marriage to Pauline was essentially over. He had an affair with Martha Gellhorn since 1937. Hemingway moved to Havana and began For whom the bell tolls. On December 24, 1939, Ernest and Martha moved to La Finca Vigia, a house with property outside of Havana. There, he finished For whom the bell tolls, which was released to ecstatic reviews on October 21, 1940. Four days later Paramount Pictures offered Hemingway $100,000 for the film rights. In early November 1940, Pauline’s divorce suit against Ernest on the grounds of desertion was granted. He married Martha Gellhorn a few weeks later.","During World War II, Hemingway suffered with the beginning of severe depression and had a long block in his writing ability. Except for writing an introduction of Men at war (1942) he wrote nothing until 1944. In April 1944 he began work as a war correspondent for Collier’s, displacing Martha. By late May 1944 Hemingway’s marriage to Martha was basically over and he met Mary Welsh Monks, soon to be his fourth wife.","Between June and December 1944, Hemingway deliberately put himself in dangerous positions. He went aboard a landing craft on D-Day, June 6. He twice flew on Royal Air Force missions intercepting German rockets and led a group of French irregulars and unattached GIs towards the liberation of Paris and the Ritz Bar. Two of his essays were published in Collier’s.","In 1945 Hemingway returned to New York and Cuba. Mary joined him in May. In September he sued Martha for divorce on the grounds of desertion. In November the sale of two of his stories for movie rights brought him $112,000.","Hemingway married Mary Welsh Monks in Havana in March 1946. In 1947, he was diagnosed with high blood pressure. From that time forward, Hemingway fought hypertension, diabetes, depression, paranoia, and perhaps hemochromatosis. He also began work on a trilogy, Islands, Garden of Eden, and (A) Moveable feast.","From September 1948 through April 1949, the Hemingways lived in northern Italy. There, he became infatuated with an eighteen-year-old beauty, Adriana Ivancich. Mary tolerated it. In late April the Hemingways returned to Cuba. He wrote Across the river and into the trees (1950), about a dying American colonel and a teenage Venetian beauty. It received overwhelmingly negative reviews. By late 1950 Ivancich and her mother were visiting Finca. Mary wanted out of the marriage, but stayed in it.","In 1951 Hemingway complete the first draft of (The) Old man and the sea and the Islands manuscript.","Grace Hall-Hemingway died in June 1951 and Pauline Hemingway in October 1951. The combination of these deaths was difficult for Hemingway to handle.","Life paid him $40,000 for serial rights and sold five million copies of its September 1, 1952 issue containing (The) Old man and the sea. Scribners sold out 40,000 first run copies of the novella. In April 1953, a film crew arrived in Havana to film the epic. In May, Hemingway was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for fiction for the book.","In June, Ernest and Mary left Havana for Europe and Africa. After surviving a nearly fatal plane crash, the Hemingways recuperated in Venice. In June 1954, they returned to Havana. In October, Hemingway learned that he had been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, but due to ill health, he could not travel to Stockholm.","From 1955 to 1961 Hemingway suffered increasing bad health, and paranoia-ridden depression. He wrote steadily on his trilogy. In January 1959, the Batista government fell to the Castro revolution. The Hemingways, on vacation in the U.S., bought a house in Ketchum, Idaho, from which he could watch the revolution on television.","In 1959, Ernest returned to Spain to cover the bullfights. His mood shifts frightened his wife and bewildered his friends. His health worsened. In November 1960 Hemingway entered Mayo Clinic to be treated for hypertension, an enlarged liver, paranoia, and severe depression. He received shock treatments. By late April 1961 Hemingway had twice attempted suicide.","On July 2, 1961 he blew his head off. Hemingway was survived by his wife, two of his ex-wives, and his three sons. (This information is from American National Biography Online).","Materials by and about Ernest Hemingway in the collection include numerous periodicals with Articles by or about Hemingway, his books, and movies based on his books; numerous Movie Posters; other Posters of Hemingway, his homes, books, or exhibits about him; Photographs (copies), mostly from movies based on his books and some from the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library; the (Film) ‘Adventures of a Young Man’, undated (4 reels): Manuscript Correspondence, four Letters written by Hemingway, one to Jim Gamble written on April 18 and 27, 1919, one dated Oct. 28, 1919 to Ernest's father, Dr. Clarence Hemingway (framed), one dated Nov. 12, 1919 to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway (framed), and one dated 2 Feb. 1960 to his son, J. H. N. Hemingway, as well as copies of two letters written by Hemingway to Owen Wister dated March 1 and 11, 1929 (the originals are in the Library of Congress). Brochures; Advertisements; Exhibit Brochures; Postcards; Auction Catalogs; Sheet Music; Miscellaneous materials. Biographical Information (copies) and ramed Items for exhibits, including posters, photographs, and other materials.","Of particular interest is the first letter (original six p., and a copy) written by Hemingway on April 18 and 27, 1919 to his friend Jim Gamble, the Proctor and Gamble heir, detailing his desire to write even though submissions for publication were rejected, his dashed hopes for marriage, his hunger for recognition, his love of northern Michigan and trout fishing, and notes about people whose company he enjoyed while staying at Windemere Cottage, near Petoskey, Michigan. During this time, Hemingway was recovering from war wounds and a broken heart. The letter is typed with his signature. Included with the letter are copies of two Hemingway letters to Owen Wister, March 1 (6 p.) and 11 (5 p.), 1929, copied from the Library of Congress, and a letter to Henry M. Watts from Theodore Voorhees, December 11, 1979, concerning the copied letters. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The second manuscript letter is written by Ernest to “Dear Dad”, dated October 28. This letter is accompanied by a certificate of authenticity by Ernest Hemingway Mainland dated June 25, 2007. The letter is typed with a signature and handwritten P.S. There are notations on the bottom of the letter “Rec’d 10/31/[1]919 and ans.[wered] 11/1/[1]919 CH [Clarence Hemingway]. The letter is two pages on one sheet of paper, which is folded in half, p. 1 is on top and p. 2 is underneath and upside down compared to p. 1. In the letter, Ernest notes he had a hard trip up the Missouri to Petoskey, when he traveled to Boyne City to visit Wesley, and that with his “typer” he is leaving Thursday for Petoskey. Ernest also notes that he is working on the “Woppian Way” and has read several books. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The third letter (original two p. and envelope) written by Hemingway on November 11, 1919, mailed the following day, to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway in Oak Park, Illinois, from Petoskey, Michigan. In this letter, Ernest notes how he has been very ill with a bad sore throat, notes Armistice Day, his prayers for the dead, complains of President Wilson robbing the “wops” and mentions Fiume. [Fiume was given to Yugoslavia from Italy.]He notes it is a lovely day, the linotypers are on strike so eastern magazines are not accepting articles, that he sent an article to the Post, that he is reading and working a lot, mentions the Bumps, and sends love to his family. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The fourth letter from Ernest at Finca Vigia, Cuba, is addressed to his son “Dear Bum,” J. H. N. Hemingway in San Francisco, dated 8 February 1960. It is the only handwritten letter and is accompanied by the envelope, which is also handwritten. In the letter Ernest thanks Bun for his letter, and asks him to check on Christmas gifts, which have not yet arrived, and several addresses. Ernest notes he is very busy working on a piece about bull fights and Death in the Afternoon. He also notes that Mary’s arm is improving with massage and therapy.","Diaries (12), 1938, 1951, of George R. Hemingway, Ernest’s uncle, are also included in the collection. George worked as a representative of the Charlevoix Country Nursery and lived, with his wife, Anna, in East Jordan, Michigan. (This information is from the collection.)","The organizational records, 1990-present, of the Michigan Hemingway Society, including Articles of Incorporations, By-laws, goals and objectives, celebration and conference materials, meeting minutes, financial statements, and other related materials, complete the collection.","While the majority of the collection is in English, some of the movie posters are in French, Italian, Spanish, Danish, Polish, and other languages. The collection is ongoing.","A later addition (Acc# 73683) is three folders donated by Pat Davis. These include 2012 copies of six photographs or postcards of Horton Bay, mainly buildings and scenic views, Correspondence to Wesley about Ernest and Marcelline being in school, 1905, and  to Mrs. Dilworth, announcing Ernest’s engagement, 1921, and sheet music, Song of Welcome, by Grace Hall-Hemingway, 1905. Also included is an announcement card that Dr. Clarence E. Hemingway moved his office to 221 Grove Avenue, 1905.The last folder includes newspaper clippings (copies) of Pat Davis, Dilworth House, and how life when Hemingway was there.","User Note: The collection has a decidedly musty to lightly moldy smell and patrons with allergies or breathing problems should use the collection with care.","Processing Note: Most of the numerous books that came to the Clarke with the collection have been cataloged. Those few books for which no catalog record could be found have been added to this manuscript collection. Later Oversized additions will be added at the end of the collection.","\nThis artificial collection includes articles by or about Hemingway, movie posters and photographs, manuscript letters, printed and miscellaneous materials about Ernest Hemingway and his books, diaries of Ernest's uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society. \n","Clarke Historical Library , Central Michigan University","Michigan Hemingway Society.","Hemingway family.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Biography.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Correspondence.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Criticism and Interpretation.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Farewell to arms.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--For whom the bell tolls.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Cuba--Havana--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Florida--Key West--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Moveable feast.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Old man and the sea.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Portraits--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Sun also rises.","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["\nMSS.\n"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated"],"collection_title_tesim":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated"],"collection_ssim":["Ernest Hemingway Collection\n1901, 2014, and undated"],"repository_ssm":["Central Michigan University Clarke Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["Central Michigan University Clarke Historical Library"],"creator_ssm":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961."],"creator_ssim":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961."],"creators_ssim":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961."],"acqinfo_ssim":["\nAcc# many\n"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Authors, American--20th century.","War and society--United States--History--20th century.","World War, 1914-1918--Veterans."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Authors, American--20th century.","War and society--United States--History--20th century.","World War, 1914-1918--Veterans."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["6 cubic feet (in 7 boxes, 8 Oversized folders, 4 reels in 4 boxes, and 52 framed items)"],"extent_tesim":["6 cubic feet (in 7 boxes, 8 Oversized folders, 4 reels in 4 boxes, and 52 framed items)"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is divided into three series: materials by and about Ernest Hemingway, the diaries of his uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_tesim":["The collection is divided into three series: materials by and about Ernest Hemingway, the diaries of his uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBiography:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eErnest Hemingway was born July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois, the son of Clarence E. Hemingway, a doctor, and Grace Hall-Hemingway, a musician and voice teacher. He had four sisters and a brother. Every summer, the family summered at the family cottage, named Windemere, on Walloon Lake near Petoskey, Michigan.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter Ernest graduated from high school in June 1917, he joined the Missouri Home Guard. Before it was called to active duty, he served as a volunteer ambulance driver for the American Red Cross. On July 8, 1918 Hemingway was wounded by an Austrian trench mortar. He spent the subsequent summer and fall recovering from his leg wounds in the Milan Red Cross hospital. In Europe, Hemingway met nurse Agnes Von Kurowsky. He thought they were engaged when he returned to the U.S. on January 21, 1919, but she broke off whatever relationship they had had in March 1919.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn January 1920, the city editor of the Toronto Star agreed to buy Hemingway\u0026#x2019;s stories on a piece by piece basis as they suited the paper. The paper regularly printed his features on dental schools, prizefights, free shaves, trout fishing, rum-running and, later, on Chicago gangsters. He returned to Chicago in May 1920.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn September 1921, Hemingway married Hadley Richardson at Horton Bay, Michigan. They had planned to live in Italy, but were advised by Sherwood Anderson that a would-be-writer should live in Paris. In January 1922, the couple moved into an apartment in Paris\u0026#x2019; Latin Quarter.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Hemingways later returned to Toronto, where Ernest found that the new editor of the Star did not like him.  His first assignment upon his return was to cover a prison escape. He used one prisoner as the basis for his male, loner, anti-social characters, which later appeared in a number of his stories.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHemingway\u0026#x2019;s first son, John Hadley Nicanor, was born in Toronto in October  1923.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFurious with his editor, Hemingway returned to Paris in January 1924, living near Ezra Pound. His mentors and friends in Paris included Pound, Sylvia Beach, and Gertrude Stein. Through these three writers, he got to know every expatriate American writer and new artists in Paris. Hemingway developed an appreciation for the insider, the man who knew the language, food and customs of foreign countries.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBetween 1924 and 1929, Hemingway rose from obscurity to being one of the best-known American writers of his generation.  His publications in those years included In our time (1925), his breakthrough novel, (The) Sun also rises (1926), Men without women (1927), and (A) Farewell to arms (1929). He spent his summers in Spain following bullfights and his winters skiing in Switzerland, with Paris as his base.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHadley divorced Ernest in April 1927. She received lifelong rights to the income from (The) Sun also rises. Hemingway then married Pauline Pfeiffer, with whom he had had an affair for over a year, in May 1927.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eErnest and Pauline returned to the U.S. for the cesarean birth of their son, Patrick, who was born in 1928. Also in 1928, Ernest\u0026#x2019;s father, Clarence Hemingway, committed suicide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003ePauline and Ernest enjoyed Key West fishing and Wyoming dude ranches. After a year of living in and out of Paris, they moved back to Key West in 1930.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1930, the sale of the film rights to (A) Farewell to arms brought Hemingway $24,000. Besides that, they lived on Pauline\u0026#x2019;s trust fund and Ernest\u0026#x2019;s income from writing. Her wealthy uncle, Augustus Pfeiffer, paid for their home in Key West and their African safari. Pauline and Ernest\u0026#x2019;s second son, Gregory, was born in 1931. Hemingway also was paid for his book, Death in the afternoon (1932).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring the 1930s, Hemingway wrote Winner takes nothing (1933), Green hills of Africa (1935), several short stories, and a series of personal essays called \u0026#x201C;Letters\u0026#x201D; for Esquire magazine. In September 1937 he reported on the Spanish Civil War in Madrid.  In October 1937, Hemingway was featured on the cover of Time magazine and wrote To have and have not. Hemingway also wrote a narrative to the film (The) Spanish earth and wrote his only play, (The) Fifth column (1938).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBy February 1939, his marriage to Pauline was essentially over. He had an affair with Martha Gellhorn since 1937. Hemingway moved to Havana and began For whom the bell tolls. On December 24, 1939, Ernest and Martha moved to La Finca Vigia, a house with property outside of Havana. There, he finished For whom the bell tolls, which was released to ecstatic reviews on October 21, 1940. Four days later Paramount Pictures offered Hemingway $100,000 for the film rights. In early November 1940, Pauline\u0026#x2019;s divorce suit against Ernest on the grounds of desertion was granted. He married Martha Gellhorn a few weeks later.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDuring World War II, Hemingway suffered with the beginning of severe depression and had a long block in his writing ability. Except for writing an introduction of Men at war (1942) he wrote nothing until 1944. In April 1944 he began work as a war correspondent for Collier\u0026#x2019;s, displacing Martha. By late May 1944 Hemingway\u0026#x2019;s marriage to Martha was basically over and he met Mary Welsh Monks, soon to be his fourth wife.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBetween June and December 1944, Hemingway deliberately put himself in dangerous positions. He went aboard a landing craft on D-Day, June 6. He twice flew on Royal Air Force missions intercepting German rockets and led a group of French irregulars and unattached GIs towards the liberation of Paris and the Ritz Bar. Two of his essays were published in Collier\u0026#x2019;s.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1945 Hemingway returned to New York and Cuba. Mary joined him in May. In September he sued Martha for divorce on the grounds of desertion. In November the sale of two of his stories for movie rights brought him $112,000.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eHemingway married Mary Welsh Monks in Havana in March 1946. In 1947, he was diagnosed with high blood pressure. From that time forward, Hemingway fought hypertension, diabetes, depression, paranoia, and perhaps hemochromatosis. He also began work on a trilogy, Islands, Garden of Eden, and (A) Moveable feast.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom September 1948 through April 1949, the Hemingways lived in northern Italy. There, he became infatuated with an eighteen-year-old beauty, Adriana Ivancich. Mary tolerated it. In late April the Hemingways returned to Cuba. He wrote Across the river and into the trees (1950), about a dying American colonel and a teenage Venetian beauty. It received overwhelmingly negative reviews. By late 1950 Ivancich and her mother were visiting Finca. Mary wanted out of the marriage, but stayed in it.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1951 Hemingway complete the first draft of (The) Old man and the sea and the Islands manuscript.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eGrace Hall-Hemingway died in June 1951 and Pauline Hemingway in October 1951. The combination of these deaths was difficult for Hemingway to handle.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLife paid him $40,000 for serial rights and sold five million copies of its September 1, 1952 issue containing (The) Old man and the sea. Scribners sold out 40,000 first run copies of the novella. In April 1953, a film crew arrived in Havana to film the epic. In May, Hemingway was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for fiction for the book.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn June, Ernest and Mary left Havana for Europe and Africa. After surviving a nearly fatal plane crash, the Hemingways recuperated in Venice. In June 1954, they returned to Havana. In October, Hemingway learned that he had been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, but due to ill health, he could not travel to Stockholm.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eFrom 1955 to 1961 Hemingway suffered increasing bad health, and paranoia-ridden depression. He wrote steadily on his trilogy. In January 1959, the Batista government fell to the Castro revolution. The Hemingways, on vacation in the U.S., bought a house in Ketchum, Idaho, from which he could watch the revolution on television.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1959, Ernest returned to Spain to cover the bullfights. His mood shifts frightened his wife and bewildered his friends. His health worsened. In November 1960 Hemingway entered Mayo Clinic to be treated for hypertension, an enlarged liver, paranoia, and severe depression. He received shock treatments. By late April 1961 Hemingway had twice attempted suicide.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn July 2, 1961 he blew his head off. Hemingway was survived by his wife, two of his ex-wives, and his three sons. (This information is from American National Biography Online).\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_tesim":["Biography:","Ernest Hemingway was born July 21, 1899 in Oak Park, Illinois, the son of Clarence E. Hemingway, a doctor, and Grace Hall-Hemingway, a musician and voice teacher. He had four sisters and a brother. Every summer, the family summered at the family cottage, named Windemere, on Walloon Lake near Petoskey, Michigan.","After Ernest graduated from high school in June 1917, he joined the Missouri Home Guard. Before it was called to active duty, he served as a volunteer ambulance driver for the American Red Cross. On July 8, 1918 Hemingway was wounded by an Austrian trench mortar. He spent the subsequent summer and fall recovering from his leg wounds in the Milan Red Cross hospital. In Europe, Hemingway met nurse Agnes Von Kurowsky. He thought they were engaged when he returned to the U.S. on January 21, 1919, but she broke off whatever relationship they had had in March 1919.","In January 1920, the city editor of the Toronto Star agreed to buy Hemingway’s stories on a piece by piece basis as they suited the paper. The paper regularly printed his features on dental schools, prizefights, free shaves, trout fishing, rum-running and, later, on Chicago gangsters. He returned to Chicago in May 1920.","In September 1921, Hemingway married Hadley Richardson at Horton Bay, Michigan. They had planned to live in Italy, but were advised by Sherwood Anderson that a would-be-writer should live in Paris. In January 1922, the couple moved into an apartment in Paris’ Latin Quarter.","The Hemingways later returned to Toronto, where Ernest found that the new editor of the Star did not like him.  His first assignment upon his return was to cover a prison escape. He used one prisoner as the basis for his male, loner, anti-social characters, which later appeared in a number of his stories.","Hemingway’s first son, John Hadley Nicanor, was born in Toronto in October  1923.","Furious with his editor, Hemingway returned to Paris in January 1924, living near Ezra Pound. His mentors and friends in Paris included Pound, Sylvia Beach, and Gertrude Stein. Through these three writers, he got to know every expatriate American writer and new artists in Paris. Hemingway developed an appreciation for the insider, the man who knew the language, food and customs of foreign countries.","Between 1924 and 1929, Hemingway rose from obscurity to being one of the best-known American writers of his generation.  His publications in those years included In our time (1925), his breakthrough novel, (The) Sun also rises (1926), Men without women (1927), and (A) Farewell to arms (1929). He spent his summers in Spain following bullfights and his winters skiing in Switzerland, with Paris as his base.","Hadley divorced Ernest in April 1927. She received lifelong rights to the income from (The) Sun also rises. Hemingway then married Pauline Pfeiffer, with whom he had had an affair for over a year, in May 1927.","Ernest and Pauline returned to the U.S. for the cesarean birth of their son, Patrick, who was born in 1928. Also in 1928, Ernest’s father, Clarence Hemingway, committed suicide.","Pauline and Ernest enjoyed Key West fishing and Wyoming dude ranches. After a year of living in and out of Paris, they moved back to Key West in 1930.","In 1930, the sale of the film rights to (A) Farewell to arms brought Hemingway $24,000. Besides that, they lived on Pauline’s trust fund and Ernest’s income from writing. Her wealthy uncle, Augustus Pfeiffer, paid for their home in Key West and their African safari. Pauline and Ernest’s second son, Gregory, was born in 1931. Hemingway also was paid for his book, Death in the afternoon (1932).","During the 1930s, Hemingway wrote Winner takes nothing (1933), Green hills of Africa (1935), several short stories, and a series of personal essays called “Letters” for Esquire magazine. In September 1937 he reported on the Spanish Civil War in Madrid.  In October 1937, Hemingway was featured on the cover of Time magazine and wrote To have and have not. Hemingway also wrote a narrative to the film (The) Spanish earth and wrote his only play, (The) Fifth column (1938).","By February 1939, his marriage to Pauline was essentially over. He had an affair with Martha Gellhorn since 1937. Hemingway moved to Havana and began For whom the bell tolls. On December 24, 1939, Ernest and Martha moved to La Finca Vigia, a house with property outside of Havana. There, he finished For whom the bell tolls, which was released to ecstatic reviews on October 21, 1940. Four days later Paramount Pictures offered Hemingway $100,000 for the film rights. In early November 1940, Pauline’s divorce suit against Ernest on the grounds of desertion was granted. He married Martha Gellhorn a few weeks later.","During World War II, Hemingway suffered with the beginning of severe depression and had a long block in his writing ability. Except for writing an introduction of Men at war (1942) he wrote nothing until 1944. In April 1944 he began work as a war correspondent for Collier’s, displacing Martha. By late May 1944 Hemingway’s marriage to Martha was basically over and he met Mary Welsh Monks, soon to be his fourth wife.","Between June and December 1944, Hemingway deliberately put himself in dangerous positions. He went aboard a landing craft on D-Day, June 6. He twice flew on Royal Air Force missions intercepting German rockets and led a group of French irregulars and unattached GIs towards the liberation of Paris and the Ritz Bar. Two of his essays were published in Collier’s.","In 1945 Hemingway returned to New York and Cuba. Mary joined him in May. In September he sued Martha for divorce on the grounds of desertion. In November the sale of two of his stories for movie rights brought him $112,000.","Hemingway married Mary Welsh Monks in Havana in March 1946. In 1947, he was diagnosed with high blood pressure. From that time forward, Hemingway fought hypertension, diabetes, depression, paranoia, and perhaps hemochromatosis. He also began work on a trilogy, Islands, Garden of Eden, and (A) Moveable feast.","From September 1948 through April 1949, the Hemingways lived in northern Italy. There, he became infatuated with an eighteen-year-old beauty, Adriana Ivancich. Mary tolerated it. In late April the Hemingways returned to Cuba. He wrote Across the river and into the trees (1950), about a dying American colonel and a teenage Venetian beauty. It received overwhelmingly negative reviews. By late 1950 Ivancich and her mother were visiting Finca. Mary wanted out of the marriage, but stayed in it.","In 1951 Hemingway complete the first draft of (The) Old man and the sea and the Islands manuscript.","Grace Hall-Hemingway died in June 1951 and Pauline Hemingway in October 1951. The combination of these deaths was difficult for Hemingway to handle.","Life paid him $40,000 for serial rights and sold five million copies of its September 1, 1952 issue containing (The) Old man and the sea. Scribners sold out 40,000 first run copies of the novella. In April 1953, a film crew arrived in Havana to film the epic. In May, Hemingway was awarded the Pulitzer Prize for fiction for the book.","In June, Ernest and Mary left Havana for Europe and Africa. After surviving a nearly fatal plane crash, the Hemingways recuperated in Venice. In June 1954, they returned to Havana. In October, Hemingway learned that he had been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature, but due to ill health, he could not travel to Stockholm.","From 1955 to 1961 Hemingway suffered increasing bad health, and paranoia-ridden depression. He wrote steadily on his trilogy. In January 1959, the Batista government fell to the Castro revolution. The Hemingways, on vacation in the U.S., bought a house in Ketchum, Idaho, from which he could watch the revolution on television.","In 1959, Ernest returned to Spain to cover the bullfights. His mood shifts frightened his wife and bewildered his friends. His health worsened. In November 1960 Hemingway entered Mayo Clinic to be treated for hypertension, an enlarged liver, paranoia, and severe depression. He received shock treatments. By late April 1961 Hemingway had twice attempted suicide.","On July 2, 1961 he blew his head off. Hemingway was survived by his wife, two of his ex-wives, and his three sons. (This information is from American National Biography Online)."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials by and about Ernest Hemingway in the collection include numerous periodicals with Articles by or about Hemingway, his books, and movies based on his books; numerous Movie Posters; other Posters of Hemingway, his homes, books, or exhibits about him; Photographs (copies), mostly from movies based on his books and some from the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library; the (Film) \u0026#x2018;Adventures of a Young Man\u0026#x2019;, undated (4 reels): Manuscript Correspondence, four Letters written by Hemingway, one to Jim Gamble written on April 18 and 27, 1919, one dated Oct. 28, 1919 to Ernest's father, Dr. Clarence Hemingway (framed), one dated Nov. 12, 1919 to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway (framed), and one dated 2 Feb. 1960 to his son, J. H. N. Hemingway, as well as copies of two letters written by Hemingway to Owen Wister dated March 1 and 11, 1929 (the originals are in the Library of Congress). Brochures; Advertisements; Exhibit Brochures; Postcards; Auction Catalogs; Sheet Music; Miscellaneous materials. Biographical Information (copies) and ramed Items for exhibits, including posters, photographs, and other materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOf particular interest is the first letter (original six p., and a copy) written by Hemingway on April 18 and 27, 1919 to his friend Jim Gamble, the Proctor and Gamble heir, detailing his desire to write even though submissions for publication were rejected, his dashed hopes for marriage, his hunger for recognition, his love of northern Michigan and trout fishing, and notes about people whose company he enjoyed while staying at Windemere Cottage, near Petoskey, Michigan. During this time, Hemingway was recovering from war wounds and a broken heart. The letter is typed with his signature. Included with the letter are copies of two Hemingway letters to Owen Wister, March 1 (6 p.) and 11 (5 p.), 1929, copied from the Library of Congress, and a letter to Henry M. Watts from Theodore Voorhees, December 11, 1979, concerning the copied letters. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe second manuscript letter is written by Ernest to \u0026#x201C;Dear Dad\u0026#x201D;, dated October 28. This letter is accompanied by a certificate of authenticity by Ernest Hemingway Mainland dated June 25, 2007. The letter is typed with a signature and handwritten P.S. There are notations on the bottom of the letter \u0026#x201C;Rec\u0026#x2019;d 10/31/[1]919 and ans.[wered] 11/1/[1]919 CH [Clarence Hemingway]. The letter is two pages on one sheet of paper, which is folded in half, p. 1 is on top and p. 2 is underneath and upside down compared to p. 1. In the letter, Ernest notes he had a hard trip up the Missouri to Petoskey, when he traveled to Boyne City to visit Wesley, and that with his \u0026#x201C;typer\u0026#x201D; he is leaving Thursday for Petoskey. Ernest also notes that he is working on the \u0026#x201C;Woppian Way\u0026#x201D; and has read several books. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe third letter (original two p. and envelope) written by Hemingway on November 11, 1919, mailed the following day, to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway in Oak Park, Illinois, from Petoskey, Michigan. In this letter, Ernest notes how he has been very ill with a bad sore throat, notes Armistice Day, his prayers for the dead, complains of President Wilson robbing the \u0026#x201C;wops\u0026#x201D; and mentions Fiume. [Fiume was given to Yugoslavia from Italy.]He notes it is a lovely day, the linotypers are on strike so eastern magazines are not accepting articles, that he sent an article to the Post, that he is reading and working a lot, mentions the Bumps, and sends love to his family. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe fourth letter from Ernest at Finca Vigia, Cuba, is addressed to his son \u0026#x201C;Dear Bum,\u0026#x201D; J. H. N. Hemingway in San Francisco, dated 8 February 1960. It is the only handwritten letter and is accompanied by the envelope, which is also handwritten. In the letter Ernest thanks Bun for his letter, and asks him to check on Christmas gifts, which have not yet arrived, and several addresses. Ernest notes he is very busy working on a piece about bull fights and Death in the Afternoon. He also notes that Mary\u0026#x2019;s arm is improving with massage and therapy.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDiaries (12), 1938, 1951, of George R. Hemingway, Ernest\u0026#x2019;s uncle, are also included in the collection. George worked as a representative of the Charlevoix Country Nursery and lived, with his wife, Anna, in East Jordan, Michigan. (This information is from the collection.)\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe organizational records, 1990-present, of the Michigan Hemingway Society, including Articles of Incorporations, By-laws, goals and objectives, celebration and conference materials, meeting minutes, financial statements, and other related materials, complete the collection.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile the majority of the collection is in English, some of the movie posters are in French, Italian, Spanish, Danish, Polish, and other languages. The collection is ongoing.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eA later addition (Acc# 73683) is three folders donated by Pat Davis. These include 2012 copies of six photographs or postcards of Horton Bay, mainly buildings and scenic views, Correspondence to Wesley about Ernest and Marcelline being in school, 1905, and  to Mrs. Dilworth, announcing Ernest\u0026#x2019;s engagement, 1921, and sheet music, Song of Welcome, by Grace Hall-Hemingway, 1905. Also included is an announcement card that Dr. Clarence E. Hemingway moved his office to 221 Grove Avenue, 1905.The last folder includes newspaper clippings (copies) of Pat Davis, Dilworth House, and how life when Hemingway was there.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eUser Note: The collection has a decidedly musty to lightly moldy smell and patrons with allergies or breathing problems should use the collection with care.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eProcessing Note: Most of the numerous books that came to the Clarke with the collection have been cataloged. Those few books for which no catalog record could be found have been added to this manuscript collection. Later Oversized additions will be added at the end of the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Materials by and about Ernest Hemingway in the collection include numerous periodicals with Articles by or about Hemingway, his books, and movies based on his books; numerous Movie Posters; other Posters of Hemingway, his homes, books, or exhibits about him; Photographs (copies), mostly from movies based on his books and some from the John F. Kennedy Presidential Library; the (Film) ‘Adventures of a Young Man’, undated (4 reels): Manuscript Correspondence, four Letters written by Hemingway, one to Jim Gamble written on April 18 and 27, 1919, one dated Oct. 28, 1919 to Ernest's father, Dr. Clarence Hemingway (framed), one dated Nov. 12, 1919 to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway (framed), and one dated 2 Feb. 1960 to his son, J. H. N. Hemingway, as well as copies of two letters written by Hemingway to Owen Wister dated March 1 and 11, 1929 (the originals are in the Library of Congress). Brochures; Advertisements; Exhibit Brochures; Postcards; Auction Catalogs; Sheet Music; Miscellaneous materials. Biographical Information (copies) and ramed Items for exhibits, including posters, photographs, and other materials.","Of particular interest is the first letter (original six p., and a copy) written by Hemingway on April 18 and 27, 1919 to his friend Jim Gamble, the Proctor and Gamble heir, detailing his desire to write even though submissions for publication were rejected, his dashed hopes for marriage, his hunger for recognition, his love of northern Michigan and trout fishing, and notes about people whose company he enjoyed while staying at Windemere Cottage, near Petoskey, Michigan. During this time, Hemingway was recovering from war wounds and a broken heart. The letter is typed with his signature. Included with the letter are copies of two Hemingway letters to Owen Wister, March 1 (6 p.) and 11 (5 p.), 1929, copied from the Library of Congress, and a letter to Henry M. Watts from Theodore Voorhees, December 11, 1979, concerning the copied letters. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The second manuscript letter is written by Ernest to “Dear Dad”, dated October 28. This letter is accompanied by a certificate of authenticity by Ernest Hemingway Mainland dated June 25, 2007. The letter is typed with a signature and handwritten P.S. There are notations on the bottom of the letter “Rec’d 10/31/[1]919 and ans.[wered] 11/1/[1]919 CH [Clarence Hemingway]. The letter is two pages on one sheet of paper, which is folded in half, p. 1 is on top and p. 2 is underneath and upside down compared to p. 1. In the letter, Ernest notes he had a hard trip up the Missouri to Petoskey, when he traveled to Boyne City to visit Wesley, and that with his “typer” he is leaving Thursday for Petoskey. Ernest also notes that he is working on the “Woppian Way” and has read several books. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The third letter (original two p. and envelope) written by Hemingway on November 11, 1919, mailed the following day, to his mother, Mrs. Grace H. Hemingway in Oak Park, Illinois, from Petoskey, Michigan. In this letter, Ernest notes how he has been very ill with a bad sore throat, notes Armistice Day, his prayers for the dead, complains of President Wilson robbing the “wops” and mentions Fiume. [Fiume was given to Yugoslavia from Italy.]He notes it is a lovely day, the linotypers are on strike so eastern magazines are not accepting articles, that he sent an article to the Post, that he is reading and working a lot, mentions the Bumps, and sends love to his family. (Note: This letter is housed separately from the rest of the collection.)","The fourth letter from Ernest at Finca Vigia, Cuba, is addressed to his son “Dear Bum,” J. H. N. Hemingway in San Francisco, dated 8 February 1960. It is the only handwritten letter and is accompanied by the envelope, which is also handwritten. In the letter Ernest thanks Bun for his letter, and asks him to check on Christmas gifts, which have not yet arrived, and several addresses. Ernest notes he is very busy working on a piece about bull fights and Death in the Afternoon. He also notes that Mary’s arm is improving with massage and therapy.","Diaries (12), 1938, 1951, of George R. Hemingway, Ernest’s uncle, are also included in the collection. George worked as a representative of the Charlevoix Country Nursery and lived, with his wife, Anna, in East Jordan, Michigan. (This information is from the collection.)","The organizational records, 1990-present, of the Michigan Hemingway Society, including Articles of Incorporations, By-laws, goals and objectives, celebration and conference materials, meeting minutes, financial statements, and other related materials, complete the collection.","While the majority of the collection is in English, some of the movie posters are in French, Italian, Spanish, Danish, Polish, and other languages. The collection is ongoing.","A later addition (Acc# 73683) is three folders donated by Pat Davis. These include 2012 copies of six photographs or postcards of Horton Bay, mainly buildings and scenic views, Correspondence to Wesley about Ernest and Marcelline being in school, 1905, and  to Mrs. Dilworth, announcing Ernest’s engagement, 1921, and sheet music, Song of Welcome, by Grace Hall-Hemingway, 1905. Also included is an announcement card that Dr. Clarence E. Hemingway moved his office to 221 Grove Avenue, 1905.The last folder includes newspaper clippings (copies) of Pat Davis, Dilworth House, and how life when Hemingway was there.","User Note: The collection has a decidedly musty to lightly moldy smell and patrons with allergies or breathing problems should use the collection with care.","Processing Note: Most of the numerous books that came to the Clarke with the collection have been cataloged. Those few books for which no catalog record could be found have been added to this manuscript collection. Later Oversized additions will be added at the end of the collection."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract\u003e\nThis artificial collection includes articles by or about Hemingway, movie posters and photographs, manuscript letters, printed and miscellaneous materials about Ernest Hemingway and his books, diaries of Ernest's uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society. \n\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["\nThis artificial collection includes articles by or about Hemingway, movie posters and photographs, manuscript letters, printed and miscellaneous materials about Ernest Hemingway and his books, diaries of Ernest's uncle, George R. Hemingway, and the organizational records of the Michigan Hemingway Society. \n"],"names_ssim":["Clarke Historical Library , Central Michigan University","Michigan Hemingway Society.","Hemingway family.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Biography.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Correspondence.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Criticism and Interpretation.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Farewell to arms.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--For whom the bell tolls.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Cuba--Havana--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Florida--Key West--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Moveable feast.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Old man and the sea.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Portraits--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Sun also rises."],"corpname_ssim":["Clarke Historical Library , Central Michigan University","Michigan Hemingway Society."],"famname_ssim":["Hemingway family."],"persname_ssim":["Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Biography.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Correspondence.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Criticism and Interpretation.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Farewell to arms.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--For whom the bell tolls.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Cuba--Havana--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Homes and haunts--Florida--Key West--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Moveable feast.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Old man and the sea.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Pictorial works.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Portraits--Exhibitions.","Hemingway, Ernest, 1899-1961--Sun also rises."],"language_ssim":["The material is in  English"],"total_component_count_is":303,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"ehll--HemingwayErnest","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:25:31.217Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ehll--HemingwayErnest_al_708834c03abd8fb74b841a8ea67201c85c056df5"}},{"id":"m0263-xml_aspace_ref346_uyf","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Manuscript: \"The Boss in the Pipes,\"  Cannery Row  fragment","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/m0263-xml_aspace_ref346_uyf#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_ref346_uyf","ref_ssm":["aspace_ref346_uyf","aspace_ref346_uyf"],"id":"m0263-xml_aspace_ref346_uyf","title_filing_ssi":"Manuscript: \"The Boss in the Pipes,\"  Cannery Row  fragment","title_ssm":["Manuscript: \"The Boss in the Pipes,\"  Cannery Row  fragment"],"title_tesim":["Manuscript: \"The Boss in the Pipes,\"  Cannery Row  fragment"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Manuscript: \"The Boss in the Pipes,\"  Cannery Row  fragment"],"text":["Manuscript: \"The Boss in the Pipes,\"  Cannery Row  fragment","John Steinbeck collection, 1902-1979","box OS 1","folder 1"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ssim":["m0263-xml"],"parent_ssi":"m0263-xml","parent_ids_ssim":["m0263-xml"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["John Steinbeck collection, 1902-1979"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["John Steinbeck collection, 1902-1979"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"repository_ssim":["Stanford University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives"],"collection_ssim":["John Steinbeck collection, 1902-1979"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":336,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research; materials must be requested at least 24 hours in advance of intended use."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The library does not have full title to the portion of the collection comprising Steinbeck's letters to Elaine Steinbeck (78-011). This material cannot be photocopied without first obtaining permission through Julie Fallowfield at the address below.","Copyright administered by:","Mc Intosh and Otis, Inc.","475 Fifth Ave.","New York, NY 10017","Attention: Julie Fallowfield","Property rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections."],"containers_ssim":["box OS 1","folder 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#335","_nest_parent_":"m0263-xml","_root_":"m0263-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:07:31.215Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"m0263-xml","title_filing_ssi":"Steinbeck (John) Collection","title_ssm":["John Steinbeck collection"],"title_tesim":["John Steinbeck collection"],"ead_ssi":"m0263.xml","unitdate_ssm":["1902-1979"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1902-1979"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M0263"],"text":["M0263","John Steinbeck collection, 1902-1979","Collection is open for research; materials must be requested at least 24 hours in advance of intended use.","Data organization: Correspondence, 1928-1972 (boxes 1-8), Literary manuscripts, 1923-1975 (boxes 8-12), Photographs, artwork and ephemera, 1902-1979 (boxes 12-17).","John Ernst Steinbeck was born in Salinas, California 27 February 1902. He was the author of short stories and novels, of which some became plays and films. He died in New York City 20 December 1968.","The collection is primarily letters and documents written by Steinbeck to family, friends and business associates. Also included are letters written to Steinbeck and letters written about him. Includes manuscripts and typescripts of works by Steinbeck, proofs of books, tearsheets, and photocopies of published works by him. Reviews of Steinbeck's work, articles about him, press coverage of his travels, memorabilia, photographs, and artwork complete the collection.","The library does not have full title to the portion of the collection comprising Steinbeck's letters to Elaine Steinbeck (78-011). This material cannot be photocopied without first obtaining permission through Julie Fallowfield at the address below.","Copyright administered by:","Mc Intosh and Otis, Inc.","475 Fifth Ave.","New York, NY 10017","Attention: Julie Fallowfield","Property rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections.","The collection is primarily letters and documents written by Steinbeck to family, friends and business associates. Also included are letters written to Steinbeck and letters written about him. Includes manuscripts and typescripts of works by Steinbeck, proofs of books, tearsheets, and photocopies of published works by him. Reviews of Steinbeck's work, articles about him, press coverage of his travels, memorabilia, photographs, and artwork complete the collection.","Department of Special Collections and University Archives","Steinbeck, John","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M0263"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1902-1979"],"normalized_title_ssm":["John Steinbeck collection, 1902-1979"],"collection_title_tesim":["John Steinbeck collection, 1902-1979"],"collection_ssim":["John Steinbeck collection, 1902-1979"],"repository_ssm":["Stanford University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Stanford University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Steinbeck, John"],"creator_ssim":["Steinbeck, John"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Steinbeck, John"],"creators_ssim":["Steinbeck, John"],"access_terms_ssm":["The library does not have full title to the portion of the collection comprising Steinbeck's letters to Elaine Steinbeck (78-011). This material cannot be photocopied without first obtaining permission through Julie Fallowfield at the address below.","Copyright administered by:","Mc Intosh and Otis, Inc.","475 Fifth Ave.","New York, NY 10017","Attention: Julie Fallowfield","Property rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Gifts and purchases from various sources."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8.5 Linear Feet"],"extent_tesim":["8.5 Linear Feet"],"date_range_isim":[1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research; materials must be requested at least 24 hours in advance of intended use.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research; materials must be requested at least 24 hours in advance of intended use."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eData organization: Correspondence, 1928-1972 (boxes 1-8), Literary manuscripts, 1923-1975 (boxes 8-12), Photographs, artwork and ephemera, 1902-1979 (boxes 12-17).\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Data organization: Correspondence, 1928-1972 (boxes 1-8), Literary manuscripts, 1923-1975 (boxes 8-12), Photographs, artwork and ephemera, 1902-1979 (boxes 12-17)."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Ernst Steinbeck was born in Salinas, California 27 February 1902. He was the author of short stories and novels, of which some became plays and films. He died in New York City 20 December 1968.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biography / Administrative History"],"bioghist_tesim":["John Ernst Steinbeck was born in Salinas, California 27 February 1902. He was the author of short stories and novels, of which some became plays and films. He died in New York City 20 December 1968."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eJohn Steinbeck collection, M0263. Dept. of Special Collections, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, Calif.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["John Steinbeck collection, M0263. Dept. of Special Collections, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, Calif."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is primarily letters and documents written by Steinbeck to family, friends and business associates. Also included are letters written to Steinbeck and letters written about him. Includes manuscripts and typescripts of works by Steinbeck, proofs of books, tearsheets, and photocopies of published works by him. Reviews of Steinbeck's work, articles about him, press coverage of his travels, memorabilia, photographs, and artwork complete the collection.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content of Collection"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection is primarily letters and documents written by Steinbeck to family, friends and business associates. Also included are letters written to Steinbeck and letters written about him. Includes manuscripts and typescripts of works by Steinbeck, proofs of books, tearsheets, and photocopies of published works by him. Reviews of Steinbeck's work, articles about him, press coverage of his travels, memorabilia, photographs, and artwork complete the collection."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe library does not have full title to the portion of the collection comprising Steinbeck's letters to Elaine Steinbeck (78-011). This material cannot be photocopied without first obtaining permission through Julie Fallowfield at the address below.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eCopyright administered by:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eMc Intosh and Otis, Inc.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e475 Fifth Ave.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eNew York, NY 10017\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAttention: Julie Fallowfield\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eProperty rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication Rights"],"userestrict_tesim":["The library does not have full title to the portion of the collection comprising Steinbeck's letters to Elaine Steinbeck (78-011). This material cannot be photocopied without first obtaining permission through Julie Fallowfield at the address below.","Copyright administered by:","Mc Intosh and Otis, Inc.","475 Fifth Ave.","New York, NY 10017","Attention: Julie Fallowfield","Property rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_710d4c8d68ec44a40403c3f8df3485a7\"\u003eThe collection is primarily letters and documents written by Steinbeck to family, friends and business associates. Also included are letters written to Steinbeck and letters written about him. Includes manuscripts and typescripts of works by Steinbeck, proofs of books, tearsheets, and photocopies of published works by him. Reviews of Steinbeck's work, articles about him, press coverage of his travels, memorabilia, photographs, and artwork complete the collection.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The collection is primarily letters and documents written by Steinbeck to family, friends and business associates. Also included are letters written to Steinbeck and letters written about him. Includes manuscripts and typescripts of works by Steinbeck, proofs of books, tearsheets, and photocopies of published works by him. Reviews of Steinbeck's work, articles about him, press coverage of his travels, memorabilia, photographs, and artwork complete the collection."],"names_ssim":["Department of Special Collections and University Archives","Steinbeck, John"],"corpname_ssim":["Department of Special Collections and University Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Steinbeck, John"],"persname_ssim":["Steinbeck, John"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":341,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"m0263-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:07:31.215Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/m0263-xml_aspace_ref346_uyf"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_a451418a1b4619c26aa2c2c4fbc2c6ee","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"March 1985-April 1995","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_a451418a1b4619c26aa2c2c4fbc2c6ee#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_a451418a1b4619c26aa2c2c4fbc2c6ee","ref_ssm":["aspace_a451418a1b4619c26aa2c2c4fbc2c6ee","aspace_a451418a1b4619c26aa2c2c4fbc2c6ee"],"id":"umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_a451418a1b4619c26aa2c2c4fbc2c6ee","unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["March 1985-April 1995"],"normalized_date_ssm":["March 1985-April 1995"],"normalized_title_ssm":["March 1985-April 1995"],"text":["March 1985-April 1995","League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992","Organizational Records","Meeting Minutes and Annual Reports","Livonia Executive Board Meeting Minutes and Annual Reports","box 1"],"component_level_isim":[4],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-2014137","aspace_02c5c6682714fc939079569355e07374","aspace_67500fab26915232f7b5ce16f1e8bbf2","aspace_bf393e2e8be6c103ec20fc63ed4939ae"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_bf393e2e8be6c103ec20fc63ed4939ae","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-2014137","umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_02c5c6682714fc939079569355e07374","umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_67500fab26915232f7b5ce16f1e8bbf2","umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_bf393e2e8be6c103ec20fc63ed4939ae"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992","Organizational Records","Meeting Minutes and Annual Reports","Livonia Executive Board Meeting Minutes and Annual Reports"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992","Organizational Records","Meeting Minutes and Annual Reports","Livonia Executive Board Meeting Minutes and Annual Reports"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","File","File"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":41,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"date_range_isim":[1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995],"containers_ssim":["box 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#1/components#2/components#0","_nest_parent_":"umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_bf393e2e8be6c103ec20fc63ed4939ae","_root_":"umich-bhl-2014137","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:58.686Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-2014137","title_ssm":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records"],"title_tesim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-2014137","unitdate_ssm":["1957-2013","1973-1992"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1973-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1957-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2014137 Aa 2"],"text":["2014137 Aa 2","League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992","Wayne County (Mich.) -- Politics and government.","Environmental protection -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Intergovernmental relations in the United States -- Michigan.","Women -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Women -- Political activity -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Videotapes.","The collection is open to research.","No further additions to the records are expected.","The records are divided into three series based on content and type: Issues, Organizational Records, and  Voter  Newsletter.","The League of Women Voters (LWV) is a nonpartisan political organization that strives to increase active and knowledgeable participation by voters in the electoral process, educates citizens about critical public policy issues, and shapes these policies through its advocacy and educational programs. The LWV of Livonia, Mich. began with thirty-five members in 1960 and aimed to encourage active participation of local voters in the democratic process. In 2001, the branch was renamed the League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County; by 2014, its scope encompassed Livonia, Plymouth, Canton, Redford, Wayne, Garden City, Westland, and Northville Township. As of 2010, the Northwest Wayne County League had fifty volunteer members, both male and female. Members are also part of the League of Women Voters of Michigan (LWVMI) and the national League of Women Voters, both founded in 1920."," Northwest Wayne County's branch educates individuals to devise positive solutions to public policy problems and emphasizes conflict management. The organization maintains a nonpartisan stance, providing information on candidates but never endorsing or opposing any politician or political party. The League publishes free voter guides and \"They Represent You,\" a pamphlet furnishing contact information for local, state, and federal government representatives. Interested voters may also attend candidate forums and educational meetings about ballot proposals and public policy concerns of interest to northwest Wayne County. The group frequently undertakes intensive studies of policy issues ranging from waste disposal to education to prison reform, making a recommendation only after members reach consensus. Furthermore, with money from dues, donations, and fundraisers, the branch funds scholarships for local students."," Members of the Northwest Wayne County group have received awards from the University of Michigan-Dearborn and other organizations for their community service and others have gone on to serve as LWVMI officers.","Researchers may also wish to consult the following collections:"," League of Women Voters of Allen Park, records"," League of Women Voters of Berrien and Cass Counties, records"," League of Women Voters of Dearborn-Dearborn Heights (Mich.), records"," League of Women Voters of Grosse Pointe, records"," League of Women Voters of Michigan, records"," League of Women Voters of Monroe (Mich.), records"," League of Women Voters of Mount Clemens-Clinton Area, records"," League of Women Voters of the Ann Arbor Area, records","The records of the League of Women Voters (LWV) of Northwest County include organizational documents and publications, correspondence, membership rosters, local studies, and extensive meeting minutes drawn from all predecessor organizations but primarily from the LWV of Livonia. Although the documents encompass the years from 1957 to 2013, most are from the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. Researchers will find records of LWV operations, such as fundraising and board elections, as well as a wealth of information relating to urban challenges, social issues, and environmental concerns of the greater Detroit area in the late 20th century. A glimpse into broader state issues, such as Michigan's penitential system, also emerges in the documents. Extensive collections of LWV newsletters from the Livonia and Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi branches, as well as the subsequent merged organization, will also be of interest to those researching the political participation of women during and after the women's liberation movement.","Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Records of the League of Women Voters (LWV) of Northwest Wayne County in Michigan and its predecessor organizations, the LWV of Livonia and the LWV of Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi. Collection includes organizational records, newsletters, correspondence, and other records documenting the activities of the three groups.","Bentley Historical Library","League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County.","English","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["2014137 Aa 2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992"],"collection_title_tesim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992"],"collection_ssim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Wayne County (Mich.) -- Politics and government."],"geogname_ssim":["Wayne County (Mich.) -- Politics and government."],"creator_ssm":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County."],"creator_ssim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County."],"creators_ssim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County."],"places_ssim":["Wayne County (Mich.) -- Politics and government."],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The record group was donated by the League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County (donor no.  11100 ) in May 2014."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Environmental protection -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Intergovernmental relations in the United States -- Michigan.","Women -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Women -- Political activity -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Videotapes."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Environmental protection -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Intergovernmental relations in the United States -- Michigan.","Women -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Women -- Political activity -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Videotapes."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["3 linear feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Videotapes."],"date_range_isim":[1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo further additions to the records are expected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["No further additions to the records are expected."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records are divided into three series based on content and type: Issues, Organizational Records, and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVoter\u003c/title\u003e Newsletter.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The records are divided into three series based on content and type: Issues, Organizational Records, and  Voter  Newsletter."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe League of Women Voters (LWV) is a nonpartisan political organization that strives to increase active and knowledgeable participation by voters in the electoral process, educates citizens about critical public policy issues, and shapes these policies through its advocacy and educational programs. The LWV of Livonia, Mich. began with thirty-five members in 1960 and aimed to encourage active participation of local voters in the democratic process. In 2001, the branch was renamed the League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County; by 2014, its scope encompassed Livonia, Plymouth, Canton, Redford, Wayne, Garden City, Westland, and Northville Township. As of 2010, the Northwest Wayne County League had fifty volunteer members, both male and female. Members are also part of the League of Women Voters of Michigan (LWVMI) and the national League of Women Voters, both founded in 1920.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Northwest Wayne County's branch educates individuals to devise positive solutions to public policy problems and emphasizes conflict management. The organization maintains a nonpartisan stance, providing information on candidates but never endorsing or opposing any politician or political party. The League publishes free voter guides and \"They Represent You,\" a pamphlet furnishing contact information for local, state, and federal government representatives. Interested voters may also attend candidate forums and educational meetings about ballot proposals and public policy concerns of interest to northwest Wayne County. The group frequently undertakes intensive studies of policy issues ranging from waste disposal to education to prison reform, making a recommendation only after members reach consensus. Furthermore, with money from dues, donations, and fundraisers, the branch funds scholarships for local students.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Members of the Northwest Wayne County group have received awards from the University of Michigan-Dearborn and other organizations for their community service and others have gone on to serve as LWVMI officers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The League of Women Voters (LWV) is a nonpartisan political organization that strives to increase active and knowledgeable participation by voters in the electoral process, educates citizens about critical public policy issues, and shapes these policies through its advocacy and educational programs. The LWV of Livonia, Mich. began with thirty-five members in 1960 and aimed to encourage active participation of local voters in the democratic process. In 2001, the branch was renamed the League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County; by 2014, its scope encompassed Livonia, Plymouth, Canton, Redford, Wayne, Garden City, Westland, and Northville Township. As of 2010, the Northwest Wayne County League had fifty volunteer members, both male and female. Members are also part of the League of Women Voters of Michigan (LWVMI) and the national League of Women Voters, both founded in 1920."," Northwest Wayne County's branch educates individuals to devise positive solutions to public policy problems and emphasizes conflict management. The organization maintains a nonpartisan stance, providing information on candidates but never endorsing or opposing any politician or political party. The League publishes free voter guides and \"They Represent You,\" a pamphlet furnishing contact information for local, state, and federal government representatives. Interested voters may also attend candidate forums and educational meetings about ballot proposals and public policy concerns of interest to northwest Wayne County. The group frequently undertakes intensive studies of policy issues ranging from waste disposal to education to prison reform, making a recommendation only after members reach consensus. Furthermore, with money from dues, donations, and fundraisers, the branch funds scholarships for local students."," Members of the Northwest Wayne County group have received awards from the University of Michigan-Dearborn and other organizations for their community service and others have gone on to serve as LWVMI officers."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item], folder, box, League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item], folder, box, League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers may also wish to consult the following collections:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Allen Park, records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Berrien and Cass Counties, records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Dearborn-Dearborn Heights (Mich.), records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Grosse Pointe, records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Michigan, records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Monroe (Mich.), records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Mount Clemens-Clinton Area, records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of the Ann Arbor Area, records\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Researchers may also wish to consult the following collections:"," League of Women Voters of Allen Park, records"," League of Women Voters of Berrien and Cass Counties, records"," League of Women Voters of Dearborn-Dearborn Heights (Mich.), records"," League of Women Voters of Grosse Pointe, records"," League of Women Voters of Michigan, records"," League of Women Voters of Monroe (Mich.), records"," League of Women Voters of Mount Clemens-Clinton Area, records"," League of Women Voters of the Ann Arbor Area, records"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records of the League of Women Voters (LWV) of Northwest County include organizational documents and publications, correspondence, membership rosters, local studies, and extensive meeting minutes drawn from all predecessor organizations but primarily from the LWV of Livonia. Although the documents encompass the years from 1957 to 2013, most are from the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. Researchers will find records of LWV operations, such as fundraising and board elections, as well as a wealth of information relating to urban challenges, social issues, and environmental concerns of the greater Detroit area in the late 20th century. A glimpse into broader state issues, such as Michigan's penitential system, also emerges in the documents. Extensive collections of LWV newsletters from the Livonia and Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi branches, as well as the subsequent merged organization, will also be of interest to those researching the political participation of women during and after the women's liberation movement.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The records of the League of Women Voters (LWV) of Northwest County include organizational documents and publications, correspondence, membership rosters, local studies, and extensive meeting minutes drawn from all predecessor organizations but primarily from the LWV of Livonia. Although the documents encompass the years from 1957 to 2013, most are from the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. Researchers will find records of LWV operations, such as fundraising and board elections, as well as a wealth of information relating to urban challenges, social issues, and environmental concerns of the greater Detroit area in the late 20th century. A glimpse into broader state issues, such as Michigan's penitential system, also emerges in the documents. Extensive collections of LWV newsletters from the Livonia and Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi branches, as well as the subsequent merged organization, will also be of interest to those researching the political participation of women during and after the women's liberation movement."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1194f506255c3ab03350e6f4d84d06ca\"\u003eRecords of the League of Women Voters (LWV) of Northwest Wayne County in Michigan and its predecessor organizations, the LWV of Livonia and the LWV of Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi. Collection includes organizational records, newsletters, correspondence, and other records documenting the activities of the three groups.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Records of the League of Women Voters (LWV) of Northwest Wayne County in Michigan and its predecessor organizations, the LWV of Livonia and the LWV of Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi. Collection includes organizational records, newsletters, correspondence, and other records documenting the activities of the three groups."],"names_coll_ssim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County."],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County."],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County."],"language_ssim":["English","The material is in  English"],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":80,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-2014137","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:58.686Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_a451418a1b4619c26aa2c2c4fbc2c6ee"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_fe40069cc199775de015b99f05b2802c","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"March 1985-May 1992","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_fe40069cc199775de015b99f05b2802c#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_fe40069cc199775de015b99f05b2802c","ref_ssm":["aspace_fe40069cc199775de015b99f05b2802c","aspace_fe40069cc199775de015b99f05b2802c"],"id":"umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_fe40069cc199775de015b99f05b2802c","unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["March 1985-May 1992"],"normalized_date_ssm":["March 1985-May 1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["March 1985-May 1992"],"text":["March 1985-May 1992","League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992","Voter  Newsletter","Livonia Branch","box 2"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-2014137","aspace_e7981e76ff84dcba502dd35a3f1f5f5a","aspace_d9f2992cf0199b4b643b24ec68baa9b8"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_d9f2992cf0199b4b643b24ec68baa9b8","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-2014137","umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_e7981e76ff84dcba502dd35a3f1f5f5a","umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_d9f2992cf0199b4b643b24ec68baa9b8"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992","Voter  Newsletter","Livonia Branch"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992","Voter  Newsletter","Livonia Branch"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","File"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":73,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"date_range_isim":[1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992],"containers_ssim":["box 2"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#0/components#4","_nest_parent_":"umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_d9f2992cf0199b4b643b24ec68baa9b8","_root_":"umich-bhl-2014137","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:58.686Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-2014137","title_ssm":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records"],"title_tesim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-2014137","unitdate_ssm":["1957-2013","1973-1992"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1973-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1957-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2014137 Aa 2"],"text":["2014137 Aa 2","League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992","Wayne County (Mich.) -- Politics and government.","Environmental protection -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Intergovernmental relations in the United States -- Michigan.","Women -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Women -- Political activity -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Videotapes.","The collection is open to research.","No further additions to the records are expected.","The records are divided into three series based on content and type: Issues, Organizational Records, and  Voter  Newsletter.","The League of Women Voters (LWV) is a nonpartisan political organization that strives to increase active and knowledgeable participation by voters in the electoral process, educates citizens about critical public policy issues, and shapes these policies through its advocacy and educational programs. The LWV of Livonia, Mich. began with thirty-five members in 1960 and aimed to encourage active participation of local voters in the democratic process. In 2001, the branch was renamed the League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County; by 2014, its scope encompassed Livonia, Plymouth, Canton, Redford, Wayne, Garden City, Westland, and Northville Township. As of 2010, the Northwest Wayne County League had fifty volunteer members, both male and female. Members are also part of the League of Women Voters of Michigan (LWVMI) and the national League of Women Voters, both founded in 1920."," Northwest Wayne County's branch educates individuals to devise positive solutions to public policy problems and emphasizes conflict management. The organization maintains a nonpartisan stance, providing information on candidates but never endorsing or opposing any politician or political party. The League publishes free voter guides and \"They Represent You,\" a pamphlet furnishing contact information for local, state, and federal government representatives. Interested voters may also attend candidate forums and educational meetings about ballot proposals and public policy concerns of interest to northwest Wayne County. The group frequently undertakes intensive studies of policy issues ranging from waste disposal to education to prison reform, making a recommendation only after members reach consensus. Furthermore, with money from dues, donations, and fundraisers, the branch funds scholarships for local students."," Members of the Northwest Wayne County group have received awards from the University of Michigan-Dearborn and other organizations for their community service and others have gone on to serve as LWVMI officers.","Researchers may also wish to consult the following collections:"," League of Women Voters of Allen Park, records"," League of Women Voters of Berrien and Cass Counties, records"," League of Women Voters of Dearborn-Dearborn Heights (Mich.), records"," League of Women Voters of Grosse Pointe, records"," League of Women Voters of Michigan, records"," League of Women Voters of Monroe (Mich.), records"," League of Women Voters of Mount Clemens-Clinton Area, records"," League of Women Voters of the Ann Arbor Area, records","The records of the League of Women Voters (LWV) of Northwest County include organizational documents and publications, correspondence, membership rosters, local studies, and extensive meeting minutes drawn from all predecessor organizations but primarily from the LWV of Livonia. Although the documents encompass the years from 1957 to 2013, most are from the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. Researchers will find records of LWV operations, such as fundraising and board elections, as well as a wealth of information relating to urban challenges, social issues, and environmental concerns of the greater Detroit area in the late 20th century. A glimpse into broader state issues, such as Michigan's penitential system, also emerges in the documents. Extensive collections of LWV newsletters from the Livonia and Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi branches, as well as the subsequent merged organization, will also be of interest to those researching the political participation of women during and after the women's liberation movement.","Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Records of the League of Women Voters (LWV) of Northwest Wayne County in Michigan and its predecessor organizations, the LWV of Livonia and the LWV of Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi. Collection includes organizational records, newsletters, correspondence, and other records documenting the activities of the three groups.","Bentley Historical Library","League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County.","English","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["2014137 Aa 2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992"],"collection_title_tesim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992"],"collection_ssim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Wayne County (Mich.) -- Politics and government."],"geogname_ssim":["Wayne County (Mich.) -- Politics and government."],"creator_ssm":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County."],"creator_ssim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County."],"creators_ssim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County."],"places_ssim":["Wayne County (Mich.) -- Politics and government."],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The record group was donated by the League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County (donor no.  11100 ) in May 2014."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Environmental protection -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Intergovernmental relations in the United States -- Michigan.","Women -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Women -- Political activity -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Videotapes."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Environmental protection -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Intergovernmental relations in the United States -- Michigan.","Women -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Women -- Political activity -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Videotapes."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["3 linear feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Videotapes."],"date_range_isim":[1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo further additions to the records are expected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["No further additions to the records are expected."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records are divided into three series based on content and type: Issues, Organizational Records, and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVoter\u003c/title\u003e Newsletter.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The records are divided into three series based on content and type: Issues, Organizational Records, and  Voter  Newsletter."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe League of Women Voters (LWV) is a nonpartisan political organization that strives to increase active and knowledgeable participation by voters in the electoral process, educates citizens about critical public policy issues, and shapes these policies through its advocacy and educational programs. The LWV of Livonia, Mich. began with thirty-five members in 1960 and aimed to encourage active participation of local voters in the democratic process. In 2001, the branch was renamed the League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County; by 2014, its scope encompassed Livonia, Plymouth, Canton, Redford, Wayne, Garden City, Westland, and Northville Township. As of 2010, the Northwest Wayne County League had fifty volunteer members, both male and female. Members are also part of the League of Women Voters of Michigan (LWVMI) and the national League of Women Voters, both founded in 1920.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Northwest Wayne County's branch educates individuals to devise positive solutions to public policy problems and emphasizes conflict management. The organization maintains a nonpartisan stance, providing information on candidates but never endorsing or opposing any politician or political party. The League publishes free voter guides and \"They Represent You,\" a pamphlet furnishing contact information for local, state, and federal government representatives. Interested voters may also attend candidate forums and educational meetings about ballot proposals and public policy concerns of interest to northwest Wayne County. The group frequently undertakes intensive studies of policy issues ranging from waste disposal to education to prison reform, making a recommendation only after members reach consensus. Furthermore, with money from dues, donations, and fundraisers, the branch funds scholarships for local students.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Members of the Northwest Wayne County group have received awards from the University of Michigan-Dearborn and other organizations for their community service and others have gone on to serve as LWVMI officers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The League of Women Voters (LWV) is a nonpartisan political organization that strives to increase active and knowledgeable participation by voters in the electoral process, educates citizens about critical public policy issues, and shapes these policies through its advocacy and educational programs. The LWV of Livonia, Mich. began with thirty-five members in 1960 and aimed to encourage active participation of local voters in the democratic process. In 2001, the branch was renamed the League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County; by 2014, its scope encompassed Livonia, Plymouth, Canton, Redford, Wayne, Garden City, Westland, and Northville Township. As of 2010, the Northwest Wayne County League had fifty volunteer members, both male and female. Members are also part of the League of Women Voters of Michigan (LWVMI) and the national League of Women Voters, both founded in 1920."," Northwest Wayne County's branch educates individuals to devise positive solutions to public policy problems and emphasizes conflict management. The organization maintains a nonpartisan stance, providing information on candidates but never endorsing or opposing any politician or political party. The League publishes free voter guides and \"They Represent You,\" a pamphlet furnishing contact information for local, state, and federal government representatives. Interested voters may also attend candidate forums and educational meetings about ballot proposals and public policy concerns of interest to northwest Wayne County. The group frequently undertakes intensive studies of policy issues ranging from waste disposal to education to prison reform, making a recommendation only after members reach consensus. Furthermore, with money from dues, donations, and fundraisers, the branch funds scholarships for local students."," Members of the Northwest Wayne County group have received awards from the University of Michigan-Dearborn and other organizations for their community service and others have gone on to serve as LWVMI officers."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item], folder, box, League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item], folder, box, League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers may also wish to consult the following collections:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Allen Park, records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Berrien and Cass Counties, records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Dearborn-Dearborn Heights (Mich.), records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Grosse Pointe, records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Michigan, records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Monroe (Mich.), records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Mount Clemens-Clinton Area, records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of the Ann Arbor Area, records\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Researchers may also wish to consult the following collections:"," League of Women Voters of Allen Park, records"," League of Women Voters of Berrien and Cass Counties, records"," League of Women Voters of Dearborn-Dearborn Heights (Mich.), records"," League of Women Voters of Grosse Pointe, records"," League of Women Voters of Michigan, records"," League of Women Voters of Monroe (Mich.), records"," League of Women Voters of Mount Clemens-Clinton Area, records"," League of Women Voters of the Ann Arbor Area, records"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records of the League of Women Voters (LWV) of Northwest County include organizational documents and publications, correspondence, membership rosters, local studies, and extensive meeting minutes drawn from all predecessor organizations but primarily from the LWV of Livonia. Although the documents encompass the years from 1957 to 2013, most are from the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. Researchers will find records of LWV operations, such as fundraising and board elections, as well as a wealth of information relating to urban challenges, social issues, and environmental concerns of the greater Detroit area in the late 20th century. A glimpse into broader state issues, such as Michigan's penitential system, also emerges in the documents. Extensive collections of LWV newsletters from the Livonia and Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi branches, as well as the subsequent merged organization, will also be of interest to those researching the political participation of women during and after the women's liberation movement.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The records of the League of Women Voters (LWV) of Northwest County include organizational documents and publications, correspondence, membership rosters, local studies, and extensive meeting minutes drawn from all predecessor organizations but primarily from the LWV of Livonia. Although the documents encompass the years from 1957 to 2013, most are from the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. Researchers will find records of LWV operations, such as fundraising and board elections, as well as a wealth of information relating to urban challenges, social issues, and environmental concerns of the greater Detroit area in the late 20th century. A glimpse into broader state issues, such as Michigan's penitential system, also emerges in the documents. Extensive collections of LWV newsletters from the Livonia and Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi branches, as well as the subsequent merged organization, will also be of interest to those researching the political participation of women during and after the women's liberation movement."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1194f506255c3ab03350e6f4d84d06ca\"\u003eRecords of the League of Women Voters (LWV) of Northwest Wayne County in Michigan and its predecessor organizations, the LWV of Livonia and the LWV of Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi. Collection includes organizational records, newsletters, correspondence, and other records documenting the activities of the three groups.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Records of the League of Women Voters (LWV) of Northwest Wayne County in Michigan and its predecessor organizations, the LWV of Livonia and the LWV of Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi. Collection includes organizational records, newsletters, correspondence, and other records documenting the activities of the three groups."],"names_coll_ssim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County."],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County."],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County."],"language_ssim":["English","The material is in  English"],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":80,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-2014137","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:58.686Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_fe40069cc199775de015b99f05b2802c"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_e168f8d5f525c3665f0c7cf1c7d28521","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"March 1990-May 1993","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_e168f8d5f525c3665f0c7cf1c7d28521#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_e168f8d5f525c3665f0c7cf1c7d28521","ref_ssm":["aspace_e168f8d5f525c3665f0c7cf1c7d28521","aspace_e168f8d5f525c3665f0c7cf1c7d28521"],"id":"umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_e168f8d5f525c3665f0c7cf1c7d28521","unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["March 1990-May 1993"],"normalized_date_ssm":["March 1990-May 1993"],"normalized_title_ssm":["March 1990-May 1993"],"text":["March 1990-May 1993","League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992","Voter  Newsletter","Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi Branch","box 3"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-2014137","aspace_e7981e76ff84dcba502dd35a3f1f5f5a","aspace_9ffd0d23ce3d637bdf879ee2c86d5e63"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_9ffd0d23ce3d637bdf879ee2c86d5e63","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-2014137","umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_e7981e76ff84dcba502dd35a3f1f5f5a","umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_9ffd0d23ce3d637bdf879ee2c86d5e63"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992","Voter  Newsletter","Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi Branch"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992","Voter  Newsletter","Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi Branch"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","File"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":79,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"date_range_isim":[1990,1991,1992,1993],"containers_ssim":["box 3"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#1/components#1","_nest_parent_":"umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_9ffd0d23ce3d637bdf879ee2c86d5e63","_root_":"umich-bhl-2014137","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:58.686Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-2014137","title_ssm":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records"],"title_tesim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-2014137","unitdate_ssm":["1957-2013","1973-1992"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1973-1992"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1957-2013"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2014137 Aa 2"],"text":["2014137 Aa 2","League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992","Wayne County (Mich.) -- Politics and government.","Environmental protection -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Intergovernmental relations in the United States -- Michigan.","Women -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Women -- Political activity -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Videotapes.","The collection is open to research.","No further additions to the records are expected.","The records are divided into three series based on content and type: Issues, Organizational Records, and  Voter  Newsletter.","The League of Women Voters (LWV) is a nonpartisan political organization that strives to increase active and knowledgeable participation by voters in the electoral process, educates citizens about critical public policy issues, and shapes these policies through its advocacy and educational programs. The LWV of Livonia, Mich. began with thirty-five members in 1960 and aimed to encourage active participation of local voters in the democratic process. In 2001, the branch was renamed the League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County; by 2014, its scope encompassed Livonia, Plymouth, Canton, Redford, Wayne, Garden City, Westland, and Northville Township. As of 2010, the Northwest Wayne County League had fifty volunteer members, both male and female. Members are also part of the League of Women Voters of Michigan (LWVMI) and the national League of Women Voters, both founded in 1920."," Northwest Wayne County's branch educates individuals to devise positive solutions to public policy problems and emphasizes conflict management. The organization maintains a nonpartisan stance, providing information on candidates but never endorsing or opposing any politician or political party. The League publishes free voter guides and \"They Represent You,\" a pamphlet furnishing contact information for local, state, and federal government representatives. Interested voters may also attend candidate forums and educational meetings about ballot proposals and public policy concerns of interest to northwest Wayne County. The group frequently undertakes intensive studies of policy issues ranging from waste disposal to education to prison reform, making a recommendation only after members reach consensus. Furthermore, with money from dues, donations, and fundraisers, the branch funds scholarships for local students."," Members of the Northwest Wayne County group have received awards from the University of Michigan-Dearborn and other organizations for their community service and others have gone on to serve as LWVMI officers.","Researchers may also wish to consult the following collections:"," League of Women Voters of Allen Park, records"," League of Women Voters of Berrien and Cass Counties, records"," League of Women Voters of Dearborn-Dearborn Heights (Mich.), records"," League of Women Voters of Grosse Pointe, records"," League of Women Voters of Michigan, records"," League of Women Voters of Monroe (Mich.), records"," League of Women Voters of Mount Clemens-Clinton Area, records"," League of Women Voters of the Ann Arbor Area, records","The records of the League of Women Voters (LWV) of Northwest County include organizational documents and publications, correspondence, membership rosters, local studies, and extensive meeting minutes drawn from all predecessor organizations but primarily from the LWV of Livonia. Although the documents encompass the years from 1957 to 2013, most are from the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. Researchers will find records of LWV operations, such as fundraising and board elections, as well as a wealth of information relating to urban challenges, social issues, and environmental concerns of the greater Detroit area in the late 20th century. A glimpse into broader state issues, such as Michigan's penitential system, also emerges in the documents. Extensive collections of LWV newsletters from the Livonia and Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi branches, as well as the subsequent merged organization, will also be of interest to those researching the political participation of women during and after the women's liberation movement.","Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Records of the League of Women Voters (LWV) of Northwest Wayne County in Michigan and its predecessor organizations, the LWV of Livonia and the LWV of Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi. Collection includes organizational records, newsletters, correspondence, and other records documenting the activities of the three groups.","Bentley Historical Library","League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County.","English","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["2014137 Aa 2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992"],"normalized_title_ssm":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992"],"collection_title_tesim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992"],"collection_ssim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, 1957-2013, bulk 1973-1992"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Wayne County (Mich.) -- Politics and government."],"geogname_ssim":["Wayne County (Mich.) -- Politics and government."],"creator_ssm":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County."],"creator_ssim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County."],"creators_ssim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County."],"places_ssim":["Wayne County (Mich.) -- Politics and government."],"access_terms_ssm":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The record group was donated by the League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County (donor no.  11100 ) in May 2014."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Environmental protection -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Intergovernmental relations in the United States -- Michigan.","Women -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Women -- Political activity -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Videotapes."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Environmental protection -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Intergovernmental relations in the United States -- Michigan.","Women -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Women -- Political activity -- Michigan -- Wayne County.","Videotapes."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["3 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["3 linear feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Videotapes."],"date_range_isim":[1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009,2010,2011,2012,2013],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo further additions to the records are expected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["No further additions to the records are expected."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records are divided into three series based on content and type: Issues, Organizational Records, and \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eVoter\u003c/title\u003e Newsletter.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["The records are divided into three series based on content and type: Issues, Organizational Records, and  Voter  Newsletter."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe League of Women Voters (LWV) is a nonpartisan political organization that strives to increase active and knowledgeable participation by voters in the electoral process, educates citizens about critical public policy issues, and shapes these policies through its advocacy and educational programs. The LWV of Livonia, Mich. began with thirty-five members in 1960 and aimed to encourage active participation of local voters in the democratic process. In 2001, the branch was renamed the League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County; by 2014, its scope encompassed Livonia, Plymouth, Canton, Redford, Wayne, Garden City, Westland, and Northville Township. As of 2010, the Northwest Wayne County League had fifty volunteer members, both male and female. Members are also part of the League of Women Voters of Michigan (LWVMI) and the national League of Women Voters, both founded in 1920.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Northwest Wayne County's branch educates individuals to devise positive solutions to public policy problems and emphasizes conflict management. The organization maintains a nonpartisan stance, providing information on candidates but never endorsing or opposing any politician or political party. The League publishes free voter guides and \"They Represent You,\" a pamphlet furnishing contact information for local, state, and federal government representatives. Interested voters may also attend candidate forums and educational meetings about ballot proposals and public policy concerns of interest to northwest Wayne County. The group frequently undertakes intensive studies of policy issues ranging from waste disposal to education to prison reform, making a recommendation only after members reach consensus. Furthermore, with money from dues, donations, and fundraisers, the branch funds scholarships for local students.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Members of the Northwest Wayne County group have received awards from the University of Michigan-Dearborn and other organizations for their community service and others have gone on to serve as LWVMI officers.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["The League of Women Voters (LWV) is a nonpartisan political organization that strives to increase active and knowledgeable participation by voters in the electoral process, educates citizens about critical public policy issues, and shapes these policies through its advocacy and educational programs. The LWV of Livonia, Mich. began with thirty-five members in 1960 and aimed to encourage active participation of local voters in the democratic process. In 2001, the branch was renamed the League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County; by 2014, its scope encompassed Livonia, Plymouth, Canton, Redford, Wayne, Garden City, Westland, and Northville Township. As of 2010, the Northwest Wayne County League had fifty volunteer members, both male and female. Members are also part of the League of Women Voters of Michigan (LWVMI) and the national League of Women Voters, both founded in 1920."," Northwest Wayne County's branch educates individuals to devise positive solutions to public policy problems and emphasizes conflict management. The organization maintains a nonpartisan stance, providing information on candidates but never endorsing or opposing any politician or political party. The League publishes free voter guides and \"They Represent You,\" a pamphlet furnishing contact information for local, state, and federal government representatives. Interested voters may also attend candidate forums and educational meetings about ballot proposals and public policy concerns of interest to northwest Wayne County. The group frequently undertakes intensive studies of policy issues ranging from waste disposal to education to prison reform, making a recommendation only after members reach consensus. Furthermore, with money from dues, donations, and fundraisers, the branch funds scholarships for local students."," Members of the Northwest Wayne County group have received awards from the University of Michigan-Dearborn and other organizations for their community service and others have gone on to serve as LWVMI officers."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item], folder, box, League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item], folder, box, League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearchers may also wish to consult the following collections:\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Allen Park, records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Berrien and Cass Counties, records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Dearborn-Dearborn Heights (Mich.), records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Grosse Pointe, records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Michigan, records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Monroe (Mich.), records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of Mount Clemens-Clinton Area, records\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e League of Women Voters of the Ann Arbor Area, records\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Researchers may also wish to consult the following collections:"," League of Women Voters of Allen Park, records"," League of Women Voters of Berrien and Cass Counties, records"," League of Women Voters of Dearborn-Dearborn Heights (Mich.), records"," League of Women Voters of Grosse Pointe, records"," League of Women Voters of Michigan, records"," League of Women Voters of Monroe (Mich.), records"," League of Women Voters of Mount Clemens-Clinton Area, records"," League of Women Voters of the Ann Arbor Area, records"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe records of the League of Women Voters (LWV) of Northwest County include organizational documents and publications, correspondence, membership rosters, local studies, and extensive meeting minutes drawn from all predecessor organizations but primarily from the LWV of Livonia. Although the documents encompass the years from 1957 to 2013, most are from the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. Researchers will find records of LWV operations, such as fundraising and board elections, as well as a wealth of information relating to urban challenges, social issues, and environmental concerns of the greater Detroit area in the late 20th century. A glimpse into broader state issues, such as Michigan's penitential system, also emerges in the documents. Extensive collections of LWV newsletters from the Livonia and Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi branches, as well as the subsequent merged organization, will also be of interest to those researching the political participation of women during and after the women's liberation movement.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The records of the League of Women Voters (LWV) of Northwest County include organizational documents and publications, correspondence, membership rosters, local studies, and extensive meeting minutes drawn from all predecessor organizations but primarily from the LWV of Livonia. Although the documents encompass the years from 1957 to 2013, most are from the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s. Researchers will find records of LWV operations, such as fundraising and board elections, as well as a wealth of information relating to urban challenges, social issues, and environmental concerns of the greater Detroit area in the late 20th century. A glimpse into broader state issues, such as Michigan's penitential system, also emerges in the documents. Extensive collections of LWV newsletters from the Livonia and Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi branches, as well as the subsequent merged organization, will also be of interest to those researching the political participation of women during and after the women's liberation movement."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCopyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Copyright is held by the Regents of the University of Michigan but the collection may contain third-party materials for which copyright is not held. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_1194f506255c3ab03350e6f4d84d06ca\"\u003eRecords of the League of Women Voters (LWV) of Northwest Wayne County in Michigan and its predecessor organizations, the LWV of Livonia and the LWV of Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi. Collection includes organizational records, newsletters, correspondence, and other records documenting the activities of the three groups.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Records of the League of Women Voters (LWV) of Northwest Wayne County in Michigan and its predecessor organizations, the LWV of Livonia and the LWV of Northville-Plymouth-Canton-Novi. Collection includes organizational records, newsletters, correspondence, and other records documenting the activities of the three groups."],"names_coll_ssim":["League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County."],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County."],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","League of Women Voters of Northwest Wayne County."],"language_ssim":["English","The material is in  English"],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":80,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-2014137","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:58.686Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-2014137_aspace_e168f8d5f525c3665f0c7cf1c7d28521"}},{"id":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_ca896778954de796ec7ead63686abd4fd444f246","type":"Item","attributes":{"title":"[ ] March, 21 .  Douglas MacArthur ALS to General Bundy.","breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_ca896778954de796ec7ead63686abd4fd444f246#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"al_ca896778954de796ec7ead63686abd4fd444f246","ref_ssm":["al_ca896778954de796ec7ead63686abd4fd444f246","al_ca896778954de796ec7ead63686abd4fd444f246"],"id":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_ca896778954de796ec7ead63686abd4fd444f246","title_filing_ssi":"[ ] March, 21 .  Douglas MacArthur ALS to General Bundy.  ","title_ssm":["[ ] March, 21 .  Douglas MacArthur ALS to General Bundy.  "],"title_tesim":["[ ] March, 21 .  Douglas MacArthur ALS to General Bundy.  "],"normalized_title_ssm":["[ ] March, 21 .  Douglas MacArthur ALS to General Bundy."],"text":["[ ] March, 21 .  Douglas MacArthur ALS to General Bundy.","Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","Correspondence and Diaries","Miscellaneous letters and documents by or pertaining to Douglas MacArthur."],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ssim":["umich-wcl-M-2370mac","al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980","al_99f1bb979a11d777e7cbd9c79044db74d51d976e"],"parent_ssi":"al_99f1bb979a11d777e7cbd9c79044db74d51d976e","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-wcl-M-2370mac","umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_4bf70b448ac8351a147acff1dd8b1c0b9a791980","umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_99f1bb979a11d777e7cbd9c79044db74d51d976e"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","Correspondence and Diaries","Miscellaneous letters and documents by or pertaining to Douglas MacArthur."],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","Correspondence and Diaries","Miscellaneous letters and documents by or pertaining to Douglas MacArthur."],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. William L. Clements Library"],"collection_ssim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["Item"],"level_ssim":["Item"],"sort_isi":82,"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#3/components#56","_nest_parent_":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_99f1bb979a11d777e7cbd9c79044db74d51d976e","_root_":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:25:17.168Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","title_ssm":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","MacArthur, Douglas collection"],"title_tesim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","MacArthur, Douglas collection"],"ead_ssi":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["wclmss001314"],"text":["wclmss001314","Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","Aisne, Battle of the, France, 1918.","Argonne, Battle of the, 1918.","Chateau-Thierry, Battle of, 1918.","Chemical Warfare.","Chemical Warfare--Safety Measures.","Chemical Weapons.","Communications, Military.","Gases, Asphyxiating and Poisonous--War Use.","Marne, 2nd Battle of the, France, 1918.","Military Assistance, French.","Military Intelligence.","Military Reconnaissance.","Saint-Mihiel (France), Battle of, 1918.","Signals and Signaling.","United States. Army.","United States--History--1913-1921.","World War, 1914-1918.","World War, 1914-1918--Aerial Operations.","World War, 1914-1918--Campaigns-France.","Books.","Diaries.","Diaries.","Letters (correspondence)","Newspapers.","Orders (military records)","Photographs.","The Douglas MacArthur collection has been organized into four series.  Within these series, the papers are separated into distinct sub-series groups. Series I: Correspondence and diaries Sub-series I: Letters and diary to Florence Adams (Box 1) Sub-series II: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell (Brooks) MacArthur (Box 1) Sub-series III: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr. (Box 1) Sub-series IV: Miscellaneous letters and documents pertaining to Douglas MacArthur (Box 1) Series II: Papers related to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division Sub-series I: Military documents to the 42nd Division from external military units (Boxes 1-2) Sub-series II: Military documents from the 42nd Division to various military units (Boxes 2-4) Sub-series III: Internal military documents from and to various military units in the 42nd Division. (Box 5) Sub-series IV: Kenneth A. Sutherland Notebook. (Box 6) Series III: Photographs and miscellaneous papers pertaining to Douglas MacArthur Sub-series I: Aerial photographs and negatives, 91st Reconnaissance Squadron. (Box 7) Sub-series II: Miscellaneous photographs and papers. (Box 8) Series IV:  Published works.","Douglas MacArthur","Douglas MacArthur was born on January 26, 1880, the youngest child of (Capt.) Arthur MacArthur (1845-1912) and Mary Pinkney Hardy (1852-1935). His siblings were Arthur (1876-1923), and Malcolm (1878-1883), who died before his seventh birthday. ","Douglas MacArthur graduated from West Texas Military Academy in 1897 as valedictorian and two years later entered West Point.  In 1903 he graduated as First Captain, West Point's highest honor.  In September 1903, he joined the 3rd Battalion Engineers in San Francisco, and almost immediately was sent to Manila, Philippines. The next year he was promoted to First Lieutenant, and in 1906 returned to the United States.  After being made Captain of Engineers at Leavenworth in 1911, MacArthur was assigned to Vera Cruz to report information to the War Department.  While serving as military aide to the Secretary of War in 1916, he conceived the idea of expanding the existing National Guard through volunteer enlistment and turned into combat divisions - an idea that would be used for the formation of the 42nd Division. ","In 1917, MacArthur was appointed Colonel and Chief of Staff of the 42nd (Rainbow) Division.  As Commander of the 84th Infantry Brigade, he led his troops during the vitally important Argonne Campaign in the last months of the war.  In 1919, the 42nd Division returned to the United States, and MacArthur accepted an appointment as Superintendent of West Point.  While there, he became permanent Brigadier General.  MacArthur married Louise Cromwell Brooks in 1922, the year he was posted to command the Philippine Division, but they divorced seven years later. In November 1929, MacArthur was promoted to General and chosen as the man to replace General Summerall as the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army.  In 1937, MacArthur married a second time - to Jean Marie Faircloth, and they had a son, Arthur, a year later. ","In December 1941, the Japanese Army attacked and defeated MacArthur's Philippine Army on the Bataan Peninsula.  The following March, MacArthur was ordered from the Philippines to command the Allied troops with Thomas Blamey.  For six months, MacArthur concentrated on the defense of New Guinea, which led to an ambitious counter-attack in January and February 1943.  On the day the Japanese surrendered, MacArthur was appointed Supreme Commander of Allied Powers. ","MacArthur remained in occupied Japan until 1950, orchestrating the reformation of the post-war country.  On the 29th of June, 1950, MacArthur went to South Korea with American forces to assess the situation after North Korea's invasion of South Korea.  This assessment led to Truman's commitment of U.S. troops to a ground war in Korea.  The North Koreans abandoned Seoul on September 28, 1950, after MacArthur's successful military plan to attack through Inchon.  As a result of the success of this campaign, China decided to enter the Korean War.  MacArthur was ordered by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Secretary of Defense, in conjunction with a U.N. resolution, to proceed north of the 38th parallel.  Chinese troops attacked, leading to the withdrawal of MacArthur's troops back south of the 38th.  By this time, MacArthur had disobeyed the military order to employ only Korean forces in the frontier provinces.  On the 24th of March, MacArthur issued a lengthy communiqué complaining about the restrictions on his forces and taunted the enemy for their lack of industrial power and inability to maintain even moderate air and naval power. This pronouncement and his previous insubordination caused President Truman to relieve MacArthur of his command. ","In April 1951, General Douglas MacArthur returned to San Francisco to thousands of cheering citizens.  On April 19 he presented his case regarding his relief of command to a joint session of congress.  During his remaining years, MacArthur traveled throughout the United States to make speeches, in which he often denounced communists and socialists, and spoke of corrupt administration and heavy taxation. At the age of 84, on April 5, 1964, Douglas MacArthur died in a hospital in Washington.","The 42nd (Rainbow) Division","The Rainbow Division was created in 1917 as a composite division of members of the Regular Army and the National Guard solely for use in the war in Europe.  The 42nd arrived in Europe in 1917 as the war was entering a new phase: Russia had dropped out of the war, America was joining the war, and Germany was racing to provide tremendous reinforcement before the American forces arrived. ","In February 1918 the 42nd Division, part of the First U.S. Army Corps, was ordered to the Luneville area for a month of training with French units from the 7th French Army Corps.  While there, the Rainbow Division distinguished itself as \"a first class combat Division.\" ","The first assignment for the 42nd was to relieve the 128th French Infantry Division from the Baccarat Sector.  In the war, this was the first time an American Division held a Sector on its own.  The Division successfully held the Baccarat Sector until relief orders were sent on June 16, 1918.  Two weeks later, the 42nd Division went to the front at the Battle of Champagne alongside the 21st French Army Corps.  After an attack by the Germans on the fifteenth of July, the 42nd assisted in the Champagne defense until the end of the battle (July 18).  The Sixth French Army Corps was given the Rainbow Division to pursue the supposedly retreating enemy at the Battle of the Ourcq from July 25-July 27, 1918. From July 28-August 1st, the Allies captured strongpoints of the German position.  August 2-August 3rd, the 42nd Division assisted in pursuing the enemy until relieved by the 4th Regular Division. ","After the Battle of the Ourcq, Douglas MacArthur was given command of the 84th Infantry Brigade (William Hughes, Jr., replaced him as Chief of Staff, 42nd Division).  In September, the Rainbow Division, then under the 4th American Army Corps, was ordered to attack the center of the south side of the San Mihiel Salient and was assigned to the defense of the Essey-Pannes Sector until September 30, when it was relieved by the 89th Division. ","On October 11-12, 1918, the Rainbow Division relieved the 1st Division on the Verdun front.  In order to break the 2nd German line of defense, the hill called The Cote de Chatillon had to be taken.  From October 13-16, Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur commanded the 84th Infantry Division to the successful capture of Hill 288 (a strongly fortified point on the Kreimhilde Stellung), the Tuilerie Ferme, and the Cote de Chatillon (beyond the enemy's strong line of resistance). ","The next attack took place November 1, 1918.  The 42nd Division provided machine gun fire for the advancement of the 2nd and 89th Divisions.  After this victory, and as a result of divisional rivalry (and a difference in opinion as to the exact nature of a memorandum), the 42nd and the 1st Divisions (of the First American Army Corps and the 5th American Army Corps respectively) 'raced' for the glory of partaking in the (potential) final engagement of the war, in Sedan.  On November 6-7, the Rainbow, the 4th French Army, and the 1st and 77th American Divisions, fought south of the Meuse (south of Sedan).  The fighting ended when the enemy requested an armistice on November 9, 1918.  The 42nd Division backed off and was able to claim that the Americans who got closest to Sedan were members of the 166th Infantry of the 83rd Infantry Brigade.  The armistice was signed two days later. ","The 42nd Division remained in France and occupied Germany until May 1, 1919, when the last unit arrived home. Less than two weeks later, the last Brigade was demobilized. ","The MacArthur collection contains 885 letters, documents, photographs, and published works dating from March 23, 1885, to July 5, 1983. The bulk of the material (710 items) consists of military documents and manuscript notes from September 8, 1917 to January 27, 1919.  ","The military materials include general orders, field orders, field messages, memoranda, intelligence, and communications, related to the U.S. 42nd Division (The Rainbow Division), A.E.F., founded in 1917.  The majority of the collection falls during the period of time from late 1917 to early August 1918, when Douglas MacArthur was Chief of Staff for the 42nd Division.  Documents from military units that fought alongside the 42nd Division (both French and American), the U.S. Chemical Warfare, and the Intelligence Divisions -- as well as various German, French, and American communications -- are included.  Organizational documents, such as training schedules, and march tables, are also present.  A considerable number, if not all, of these materials must have been approved or viewed by MacArthur, and many of the items in this collection bear his initials or the initials of his information assistant, William Hughes, Jr.  From early August 1918 until the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918, MacArthur acted as the commanding officer for the 84th Infantry Brigade, and several military orders bear his name. ","Seventy-six letters in the collection (located in Box 1) are either from Douglas MacArthur or pertain in some way to him.  Six of these items, dated 1904, pertain to MacArthur and Florence Adams, whom he met in the Philippines, including a 46-page diary MacArthur wrote to Adams while he was on board a ship from Manila to the United States.  Five letters, dated 1921 and 1925, are written by MacArthur to Louise Brooks who became Mrs. Douglas MacArthur in 1922.  These letters contain both romantic content as well as personal reflections on the events in MacArthur's life at the time.  Also included are nine letters from MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr., dated 1921-1934.  The remainder of the correspondence is a miscellaneous collection of letters written by Douglas MacArthur, Jean MacArthur, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Harry S. Truman, and others.","The Douglas MacArthur collection also contains a notebook kept by Kenneth A. Sutherland, veteran of the 42nd Division, which contains a selection of items related to the Division's post-war activities and reunions; 40 aerial photographs and negatives taken by the 91st Reconnaissance Squadron, October 10, 1918; several photographs of Douglas MacArthur; thirteen published works by or about the General; and other miscellaneous materials.","The Douglas MacArthur collection is made up of military documents related to General Douglas MacArthur and the 42nd (Rainbow) Division during the first World War, and miscellaneous letters, documents, photographs, published works, and one diary illuminating various aspects of the General's public career and personal life.","William L. Clements Library , University of Michigan","United States. Army--Artillery.","United States. Army--Artillery--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Communication Systems.","United States. Army--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Equipment.","United States. Army--Field Service.","United States. Army--History.","United States. Army--Information Services.","United States. Army--Medals, Badges, Decorations, etc.","United States. Army--Organization.","United States. Army--Records and Correspondence.","United States. Army--Safety Measures.","United States. Army--Sanitary Affairs.","United States. Army. Infantry Division, 42nd.","Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)","Brooks, Louise Cromwell.","Fish, Hamilton, 1849-1936.","Adams, Florence.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969.","Granara, J. Ralph.","Hughes, William.","Hunt, Haroldson L.","Kean, Robert Winthrop.","Luhrs, H. Ernst.","MacArthur, Arthur, 1845-1912.","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964.","MacArthur, Jean Faircloth.","Mark, Clark.","Menoher, Charles Thomas, 1862-1930 ","Rhodes, Weldon E.","Sutherland, Kenneth A.","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972.","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["wclmss001314"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"collection_title_tesim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"collection_ssim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. William L. Clements Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. William L. Clements Library"],"creator_ssm":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)"],"creator_ssim":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)"],"creators_ssim":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)"],"acqinfo_ssim":[" Donated by D. N. Diedrich, 1987-2013.   M-2370 et al ."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Aisne, Battle of the, France, 1918.","Argonne, Battle of the, 1918.","Chateau-Thierry, Battle of, 1918.","Chemical Warfare.","Chemical Warfare--Safety Measures.","Chemical Weapons.","Communications, Military.","Gases, Asphyxiating and Poisonous--War Use.","Marne, 2nd Battle of the, France, 1918.","Military Assistance, French.","Military Intelligence.","Military Reconnaissance.","Saint-Mihiel (France), Battle of, 1918.","Signals and Signaling.","United States. Army.","United States--History--1913-1921.","World War, 1914-1918.","World War, 1914-1918--Aerial Operations.","World War, 1914-1918--Campaigns-France.","Books.","Diaries.","Diaries.","Letters (correspondence)","Newspapers.","Orders (military records)","Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Aisne, Battle of the, France, 1918.","Argonne, Battle of the, 1918.","Chateau-Thierry, Battle of, 1918.","Chemical Warfare.","Chemical Warfare--Safety Measures.","Chemical Weapons.","Communications, Military.","Gases, Asphyxiating and Poisonous--War Use.","Marne, 2nd Battle of the, France, 1918.","Military Assistance, French.","Military Intelligence.","Military Reconnaissance.","Saint-Mihiel (France), Battle of, 1918.","Signals and Signaling.","United States. Army.","United States--History--1913-1921.","World War, 1914-1918.","World War, 1914-1918--Aerial Operations.","World War, 1914-1918--Campaigns-France.","Books.","Diaries.","Diaries.","Letters (correspondence)","Newspapers.","Orders (military records)","Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["885 items"],"extent_tesim":["885 items"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003clist\u003e\n            \u003chead\u003eThe Douglas MacArthur collection has been organized into four series.  Within these series, the papers are separated into distinct sub-series groups.\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003citem\u003eSeries I: Correspondence and diaries\u003clist\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series I: Letters and diary to Florence Adams (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series II: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell (Brooks) MacArthur (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series III: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr. (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series IV: Miscellaneous letters and documents pertaining to Douglas MacArthur (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n               \u003c/list\u003e\n            \u003c/item\u003e\n            \u003citem\u003eSeries II: Papers related to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division\u003clist\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series I: Military documents to the 42nd Division from external military units (Boxes 1-2)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series II: Military documents from the 42nd Division to various military units (Boxes 2-4)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series III: Internal military documents from and to various military units in the 42nd Division. (Box 5)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series IV: Kenneth A. Sutherland Notebook. (Box 6)\u003c/item\u003e\n               \u003c/list\u003e\n            \u003c/item\u003e\n            \u003citem\u003eSeries III: Photographs and miscellaneous papers pertaining to Douglas MacArthur\u003clist\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series I: Aerial photographs and negatives, 91st Reconnaissance Squadron. (Box 7)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series II: Miscellaneous photographs and papers. (Box 8)\u003c/item\u003e\n               \u003c/list\u003e\n            \u003c/item\u003e\n            \u003citem\u003eSeries IV:  Published works.\u003c/item\u003e\n         \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Douglas MacArthur collection has been organized into four series.  Within these series, the papers are separated into distinct sub-series groups. Series I: Correspondence and diaries Sub-series I: Letters and diary to Florence Adams (Box 1) Sub-series II: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell (Brooks) MacArthur (Box 1) Sub-series III: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr. (Box 1) Sub-series IV: Miscellaneous letters and documents pertaining to Douglas MacArthur (Box 1) Series II: Papers related to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division Sub-series I: Military documents to the 42nd Division from external military units (Boxes 1-2) Sub-series II: Military documents from the 42nd Division to various military units (Boxes 2-4) Sub-series III: Internal military documents from and to various military units in the 42nd Division. (Box 5) Sub-series IV: Kenneth A. Sutherland Notebook. (Box 6) Series III: Photographs and miscellaneous papers pertaining to Douglas MacArthur Sub-series I: Aerial photographs and negatives, 91st Reconnaissance Squadron. (Box 7) Sub-series II: Miscellaneous photographs and papers. (Box 8) Series IV:  Published works."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\n            \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\n               \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eDouglas MacArthur\u003c/emph\u003e\n            \u003c/emph\u003e\n         \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDouglas MacArthur was born on January 26, 1880, the youngest child of (Capt.) Arthur MacArthur (1845-1912) and Mary Pinkney Hardy (1852-1935). His siblings were Arthur (1876-1923), and Malcolm (1878-1883), who died before his seventh birthday. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDouglas MacArthur graduated from West Texas Military Academy in 1897 as valedictorian and two years later entered West Point.  In 1903 he graduated as First Captain, West Point's highest honor.  In September 1903, he joined the 3rd Battalion Engineers in San Francisco, and almost immediately was sent to Manila, Philippines. The next year he was promoted to First Lieutenant, and in 1906 returned to the United States.  After being made Captain of Engineers at Leavenworth in 1911, MacArthur was assigned to Vera Cruz to report information to the War Department.  While serving as military aide to the Secretary of War in 1916, he conceived the idea of expanding the existing National Guard through volunteer enlistment and turned into combat divisions - an idea that would be used for the formation of the 42nd Division. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1917, MacArthur was appointed Colonel and Chief of Staff of the 42nd (Rainbow) Division.  As Commander of the 84th Infantry Brigade, he led his troops during the vitally important Argonne Campaign in the last months of the war.  In 1919, the 42nd Division returned to the United States, and MacArthur accepted an appointment as Superintendent of West Point.  While there, he became permanent Brigadier General.  MacArthur married Louise Cromwell Brooks in 1922, the year he was posted to command the Philippine Division, but they divorced seven years later. In November 1929, MacArthur was promoted to General and chosen as the man to replace General Summerall as the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army.  In 1937, MacArthur married a second time - to Jean Marie Faircloth, and they had a son, Arthur, a year later. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn December 1941, the Japanese Army attacked and defeated MacArthur's Philippine Army on the Bataan Peninsula.  The following March, MacArthur was ordered from the Philippines to command the Allied troops with Thomas Blamey.  For six months, MacArthur concentrated on the defense of New Guinea, which led to an ambitious counter-attack in January and February 1943.  On the day the Japanese surrendered, MacArthur was appointed Supreme Commander of Allied Powers. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMacArthur remained in occupied Japan until 1950, orchestrating the reformation of the post-war country.  On the 29th of June, 1950, MacArthur went to South Korea with American forces to assess the situation after North Korea's invasion of South Korea.  This assessment led to Truman's commitment of U.S. troops to a ground war in Korea.  The North Koreans abandoned Seoul on September 28, 1950, after MacArthur's successful military plan to attack through Inchon.  As a result of the success of this campaign, China decided to enter the Korean War.  MacArthur was ordered by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Secretary of Defense, in conjunction with a U.N. resolution, to proceed north of the 38th parallel.  Chinese troops attacked, leading to the withdrawal of MacArthur's troops back south of the 38th.  By this time, MacArthur had disobeyed the military order to employ only Korean forces in the frontier provinces.  On the 24th of March, MacArthur issued a lengthy communiqué complaining about the restrictions on his forces and taunted the enemy for their lack of industrial power and inability to maintain even moderate air and naval power. This pronouncement and his previous insubordination caused President Truman to relieve MacArthur of his command. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn April 1951, General Douglas MacArthur returned to San Francisco to thousands of cheering citizens.  On April 19 he presented his case regarding his relief of command to a joint session of congress.  During his remaining years, MacArthur traveled throughout the United States to make speeches, in which he often denounced communists and socialists, and spoke of corrupt administration and heavy taxation. At the age of 84, on April 5, 1964, Douglas MacArthur died in a hospital in Washington.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n            \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\n               \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eThe 42nd (Rainbow) Division\u003c/emph\u003e\n            \u003c/emph\u003e\n         \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Rainbow Division was created in 1917 as a composite division of members of the Regular Army and the National Guard solely for use in the war in Europe.  The 42nd arrived in Europe in 1917 as the war was entering a new phase: Russia had dropped out of the war, America was joining the war, and Germany was racing to provide tremendous reinforcement before the American forces arrived. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn February 1918 the 42nd Division, part of the First U.S. Army Corps, was ordered to the Luneville area for a month of training with French units from the 7th French Army Corps.  While there, the Rainbow Division distinguished itself as \"a first class combat Division.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first assignment for the 42nd was to relieve the 128th French Infantry Division from the Baccarat Sector.  In the war, this was the first time an American Division held a Sector on its own.  The Division successfully held the Baccarat Sector until relief orders were sent on June 16, 1918.  Two weeks later, the 42nd Division went to the front at the Battle of Champagne alongside the 21st French Army Corps.  After an attack by the Germans on the fifteenth of July, the 42nd assisted in the Champagne defense until the end of the battle (July 18).  The Sixth French Army Corps was given the Rainbow Division to pursue the supposedly retreating enemy at the Battle of the Ourcq from July 25-July 27, 1918. From July 28-August 1st, the Allies captured strongpoints of the German position.  August 2-August 3rd, the 42nd Division assisted in pursuing the enemy until relieved by the 4th Regular Division. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the Battle of the Ourcq, Douglas MacArthur was given command of the 84th Infantry Brigade (William Hughes, Jr., replaced him as Chief of Staff, 42nd Division).  In September, the Rainbow Division, then under the 4th American Army Corps, was ordered to attack the center of the south side of the San Mihiel Salient and was assigned to the defense of the Essey-Pannes Sector until September 30, when it was relieved by the 89th Division. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn October 11-12, 1918, the Rainbow Division relieved the 1st Division on the Verdun front.  In order to break the 2nd German line of defense, the hill called The Cote de Chatillon had to be taken.  From October 13-16, Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur commanded the 84th Infantry Division to the successful capture of Hill 288 (a strongly fortified point on the Kreimhilde Stellung), the Tuilerie Ferme, and the Cote de Chatillon (beyond the enemy's strong line of resistance). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe next attack took place November 1, 1918.  The 42nd Division provided machine gun fire for the advancement of the 2nd and 89th Divisions.  After this victory, and as a result of divisional rivalry (and a difference in opinion as to the exact nature of a memorandum), the 42nd and the 1st Divisions (of the First American Army Corps and the 5th American Army Corps respectively) 'raced' for the glory of partaking in the (potential) final engagement of the war, in Sedan.  On November 6-7, the Rainbow, the 4th French Army, and the 1st and 77th American Divisions, fought south of the Meuse (south of Sedan).  The fighting ended when the enemy requested an armistice on November 9, 1918.  The 42nd Division backed off and was able to claim that the Americans who got closest to Sedan were members of the 166th Infantry of the 83rd Infantry Brigade.  The armistice was signed two days later. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 42nd Division remained in France and occupied Germany until May 1, 1919, when the last unit arrived home. Less than two weeks later, the last Brigade was demobilized. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biography"],"bioghist_tesim":["Douglas MacArthur","Douglas MacArthur was born on January 26, 1880, the youngest child of (Capt.) Arthur MacArthur (1845-1912) and Mary Pinkney Hardy (1852-1935). His siblings were Arthur (1876-1923), and Malcolm (1878-1883), who died before his seventh birthday. ","Douglas MacArthur graduated from West Texas Military Academy in 1897 as valedictorian and two years later entered West Point.  In 1903 he graduated as First Captain, West Point's highest honor.  In September 1903, he joined the 3rd Battalion Engineers in San Francisco, and almost immediately was sent to Manila, Philippines. The next year he was promoted to First Lieutenant, and in 1906 returned to the United States.  After being made Captain of Engineers at Leavenworth in 1911, MacArthur was assigned to Vera Cruz to report information to the War Department.  While serving as military aide to the Secretary of War in 1916, he conceived the idea of expanding the existing National Guard through volunteer enlistment and turned into combat divisions - an idea that would be used for the formation of the 42nd Division. ","In 1917, MacArthur was appointed Colonel and Chief of Staff of the 42nd (Rainbow) Division.  As Commander of the 84th Infantry Brigade, he led his troops during the vitally important Argonne Campaign in the last months of the war.  In 1919, the 42nd Division returned to the United States, and MacArthur accepted an appointment as Superintendent of West Point.  While there, he became permanent Brigadier General.  MacArthur married Louise Cromwell Brooks in 1922, the year he was posted to command the Philippine Division, but they divorced seven years later. In November 1929, MacArthur was promoted to General and chosen as the man to replace General Summerall as the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army.  In 1937, MacArthur married a second time - to Jean Marie Faircloth, and they had a son, Arthur, a year later. ","In December 1941, the Japanese Army attacked and defeated MacArthur's Philippine Army on the Bataan Peninsula.  The following March, MacArthur was ordered from the Philippines to command the Allied troops with Thomas Blamey.  For six months, MacArthur concentrated on the defense of New Guinea, which led to an ambitious counter-attack in January and February 1943.  On the day the Japanese surrendered, MacArthur was appointed Supreme Commander of Allied Powers. ","MacArthur remained in occupied Japan until 1950, orchestrating the reformation of the post-war country.  On the 29th of June, 1950, MacArthur went to South Korea with American forces to assess the situation after North Korea's invasion of South Korea.  This assessment led to Truman's commitment of U.S. troops to a ground war in Korea.  The North Koreans abandoned Seoul on September 28, 1950, after MacArthur's successful military plan to attack through Inchon.  As a result of the success of this campaign, China decided to enter the Korean War.  MacArthur was ordered by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Secretary of Defense, in conjunction with a U.N. resolution, to proceed north of the 38th parallel.  Chinese troops attacked, leading to the withdrawal of MacArthur's troops back south of the 38th.  By this time, MacArthur had disobeyed the military order to employ only Korean forces in the frontier provinces.  On the 24th of March, MacArthur issued a lengthy communiqué complaining about the restrictions on his forces and taunted the enemy for their lack of industrial power and inability to maintain even moderate air and naval power. This pronouncement and his previous insubordination caused President Truman to relieve MacArthur of his command. ","In April 1951, General Douglas MacArthur returned to San Francisco to thousands of cheering citizens.  On April 19 he presented his case regarding his relief of command to a joint session of congress.  During his remaining years, MacArthur traveled throughout the United States to make speeches, in which he often denounced communists and socialists, and spoke of corrupt administration and heavy taxation. At the age of 84, on April 5, 1964, Douglas MacArthur died in a hospital in Washington.","The 42nd (Rainbow) Division","The Rainbow Division was created in 1917 as a composite division of members of the Regular Army and the National Guard solely for use in the war in Europe.  The 42nd arrived in Europe in 1917 as the war was entering a new phase: Russia had dropped out of the war, America was joining the war, and Germany was racing to provide tremendous reinforcement before the American forces arrived. ","In February 1918 the 42nd Division, part of the First U.S. Army Corps, was ordered to the Luneville area for a month of training with French units from the 7th French Army Corps.  While there, the Rainbow Division distinguished itself as \"a first class combat Division.\" ","The first assignment for the 42nd was to relieve the 128th French Infantry Division from the Baccarat Sector.  In the war, this was the first time an American Division held a Sector on its own.  The Division successfully held the Baccarat Sector until relief orders were sent on June 16, 1918.  Two weeks later, the 42nd Division went to the front at the Battle of Champagne alongside the 21st French Army Corps.  After an attack by the Germans on the fifteenth of July, the 42nd assisted in the Champagne defense until the end of the battle (July 18).  The Sixth French Army Corps was given the Rainbow Division to pursue the supposedly retreating enemy at the Battle of the Ourcq from July 25-July 27, 1918. From July 28-August 1st, the Allies captured strongpoints of the German position.  August 2-August 3rd, the 42nd Division assisted in pursuing the enemy until relieved by the 4th Regular Division. ","After the Battle of the Ourcq, Douglas MacArthur was given command of the 84th Infantry Brigade (William Hughes, Jr., replaced him as Chief of Staff, 42nd Division).  In September, the Rainbow Division, then under the 4th American Army Corps, was ordered to attack the center of the south side of the San Mihiel Salient and was assigned to the defense of the Essey-Pannes Sector until September 30, when it was relieved by the 89th Division. ","On October 11-12, 1918, the Rainbow Division relieved the 1st Division on the Verdun front.  In order to break the 2nd German line of defense, the hill called The Cote de Chatillon had to be taken.  From October 13-16, Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur commanded the 84th Infantry Division to the successful capture of Hill 288 (a strongly fortified point on the Kreimhilde Stellung), the Tuilerie Ferme, and the Cote de Chatillon (beyond the enemy's strong line of resistance). ","The next attack took place November 1, 1918.  The 42nd Division provided machine gun fire for the advancement of the 2nd and 89th Divisions.  After this victory, and as a result of divisional rivalry (and a difference in opinion as to the exact nature of a memorandum), the 42nd and the 1st Divisions (of the First American Army Corps and the 5th American Army Corps respectively) 'raced' for the glory of partaking in the (potential) final engagement of the war, in Sedan.  On November 6-7, the Rainbow, the 4th French Army, and the 1st and 77th American Divisions, fought south of the Meuse (south of Sedan).  The fighting ended when the enemy requested an armistice on November 9, 1918.  The 42nd Division backed off and was able to claim that the Americans who got closest to Sedan were members of the 166th Infantry of the 83rd Infantry Brigade.  The armistice was signed two days later. ","The 42nd Division remained in France and occupied Germany until May 1, 1919, when the last unit arrived home. Less than two weeks later, the last Brigade was demobilized. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe MacArthur collection contains 885 letters, documents, photographs, and published works dating from March 23, 1885, to July 5, 1983. The bulk of the material (710 items) consists of military documents and manuscript notes from September 8, 1917 to January 27, 1919.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe military materials include general orders, field orders, field messages, memoranda, intelligence, and communications, related to the U.S. 42nd Division (The Rainbow Division), A.E.F., founded in 1917.  The majority of the collection falls during the period of time from late 1917 to early August 1918, when Douglas MacArthur was Chief of Staff for the 42nd Division.  Documents from military units that fought alongside the 42nd Division (both French and American), the U.S. Chemical Warfare, and the Intelligence Divisions -- as well as various German, French, and American communications -- are included.  Organizational documents, such as training schedules, and march tables, are also present.  A considerable number, if not all, of these materials must have been approved or viewed by MacArthur, and many of the items in this collection bear his initials or the initials of his information assistant, William Hughes, Jr.  From early August 1918 until the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918, MacArthur acted as the commanding officer for the 84th Infantry Brigade, and several military orders bear his name. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeventy-six letters in the collection (located in Box 1) are either from Douglas MacArthur or pertain in some way to him.  Six of these items, dated 1904, pertain to MacArthur and Florence Adams, whom he met in the Philippines, including a 46-page diary MacArthur wrote to Adams while he was on board a ship from Manila to the United States.  Five letters, dated 1921 and 1925, are written by MacArthur to Louise Brooks who became Mrs. Douglas MacArthur in 1922.  These letters contain both romantic content as well as personal reflections on the events in MacArthur's life at the time.  Also included are nine letters from MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr., dated 1921-1934.  The remainder of the correspondence is a miscellaneous collection of letters written by Douglas MacArthur, Jean MacArthur, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Harry S. Truman, and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Douglas MacArthur collection also contains a notebook kept by Kenneth A. Sutherland, veteran of the 42nd Division, which contains a selection of items related to the Division's post-war activities and reunions; 40 aerial photographs and negatives taken by the 91st Reconnaissance Squadron, October 10, 1918; several photographs of Douglas MacArthur; thirteen published works by or about the General; and other miscellaneous materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The MacArthur collection contains 885 letters, documents, photographs, and published works dating from March 23, 1885, to July 5, 1983. The bulk of the material (710 items) consists of military documents and manuscript notes from September 8, 1917 to January 27, 1919.  ","The military materials include general orders, field orders, field messages, memoranda, intelligence, and communications, related to the U.S. 42nd Division (The Rainbow Division), A.E.F., founded in 1917.  The majority of the collection falls during the period of time from late 1917 to early August 1918, when Douglas MacArthur was Chief of Staff for the 42nd Division.  Documents from military units that fought alongside the 42nd Division (both French and American), the U.S. Chemical Warfare, and the Intelligence Divisions -- as well as various German, French, and American communications -- are included.  Organizational documents, such as training schedules, and march tables, are also present.  A considerable number, if not all, of these materials must have been approved or viewed by MacArthur, and many of the items in this collection bear his initials or the initials of his information assistant, William Hughes, Jr.  From early August 1918 until the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918, MacArthur acted as the commanding officer for the 84th Infantry Brigade, and several military orders bear his name. ","Seventy-six letters in the collection (located in Box 1) are either from Douglas MacArthur or pertain in some way to him.  Six of these items, dated 1904, pertain to MacArthur and Florence Adams, whom he met in the Philippines, including a 46-page diary MacArthur wrote to Adams while he was on board a ship from Manila to the United States.  Five letters, dated 1921 and 1925, are written by MacArthur to Louise Brooks who became Mrs. Douglas MacArthur in 1922.  These letters contain both romantic content as well as personal reflections on the events in MacArthur's life at the time.  Also included are nine letters from MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr., dated 1921-1934.  The remainder of the correspondence is a miscellaneous collection of letters written by Douglas MacArthur, Jean MacArthur, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Harry S. Truman, and others.","The Douglas MacArthur collection also contains a notebook kept by Kenneth A. Sutherland, veteran of the 42nd Division, which contains a selection of items related to the Division's post-war activities and reunions; 40 aerial photographs and negatives taken by the 91st Reconnaissance Squadron, October 10, 1918; several photographs of Douglas MacArthur; thirteen published works by or about the General; and other miscellaneous materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract\u003eThe Douglas MacArthur collection is made up of military documents related to General Douglas MacArthur and the 42nd (Rainbow) Division during the first World War, and miscellaneous letters, documents, photographs, published works, and one diary illuminating various aspects of the General's public career and personal life.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Douglas MacArthur collection is made up of military documents related to General Douglas MacArthur and the 42nd (Rainbow) Division during the first World War, and miscellaneous letters, documents, photographs, published works, and one diary illuminating various aspects of the General's public career and personal life."],"names_ssim":["William L. Clements Library , University of Michigan","United States. Army--Artillery.","United States. Army--Artillery--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Communication Systems.","United States. Army--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Equipment.","United States. Army--Field Service.","United States. Army--History.","United States. Army--Information Services.","United States. Army--Medals, Badges, Decorations, etc.","United States. Army--Organization.","United States. Army--Records and Correspondence.","United States. Army--Safety Measures.","United States. Army--Sanitary Affairs.","United States. Army. Infantry Division, 42nd.","Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)","Brooks, Louise Cromwell.","Fish, Hamilton, 1849-1936.","Adams, Florence.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969.","Granara, J. Ralph.","Hughes, William.","Hunt, Haroldson L.","Kean, Robert Winthrop.","Luhrs, H. Ernst.","MacArthur, Arthur, 1845-1912.","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964.","MacArthur, Jean Faircloth.","Mark, Clark.","Menoher, Charles Thomas, 1862-1930 ","Rhodes, Weldon E.","Sutherland, Kenneth A.","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972."],"corpname_ssim":["William L. Clements Library , University of Michigan","United States. Army--Artillery.","United States. Army--Artillery--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Communication Systems.","United States. Army--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Equipment.","United States. Army--Field Service.","United States. Army--History.","United States. Army--Information Services.","United States. Army--Medals, Badges, Decorations, etc.","United States. Army--Organization.","United States. Army--Records and Correspondence.","United States. Army--Safety Measures.","United States. Army--Sanitary Affairs.","United States. Army. Infantry Division, 42nd."],"persname_ssim":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)","Brooks, Louise Cromwell.","Fish, Hamilton, 1849-1936.","Adams, Florence.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969.","Granara, J. Ralph.","Hughes, William.","Hunt, Haroldson L.","Kean, Robert Winthrop.","Luhrs, H. Ernst.","MacArthur, Arthur, 1845-1912.","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964.","MacArthur, Jean Faircloth.","Mark, Clark.","Menoher, Charles Thomas, 1862-1930 ","Rhodes, Weldon E.","Sutherland, Kenneth A.","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972."],"language_ssim":["The material is in  English"],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":154,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:25:17.168Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_ca896778954de796ec7ead63686abd4fd444f246"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"David V. Tinder Collection of Michigan Photography, County File, Wayne County 1865-1985","value":"David V. 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