{"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?page=3\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields","prev":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?page=2\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields","next":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?page=4\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields","last":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?page=147\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"},"meta":{"pages":{"current_page":3,"next_page":4,"prev_page":2,"total_pages":147,"limit_value":10,"offset_value":20,"total_count":1470,"first_page?":false,"last_page?":false}},"data":[{"id":"ahstephens_aspace_ref83_9h7","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated","highlight":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ahstephens_aspace_ref83_9h7#highlight","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Political \u003cem\u003ePapers\u003c/em\u003e, 1866-1882, undated\u003cbr/\u003eAlexander H. Stephens \u003cem\u003epapers\u003c/em\u003e, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)\u003cbr/\u003ePolitical and Legal \u003cem\u003ePapers\u003c/em\u003e, 1866-1882","label":"Highlight"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ahstephens_aspace_ref83_9h7#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_ref83_9h7","ref_ssm":["aspace_ref83_9h7","aspace_ref83_9h7"],"id":"ahstephens_aspace_ref83_9h7","title_filing_ssi":"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated","title_ssm":["Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated"],"title_tesim":["Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated"],"text":["Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated","Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","Political and Legal Papers, 1866-1882","box 7"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["ahstephens","aspace_ref81_a08"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_ref81_a08","parent_ids_ssim":["ahstephens","ahstephens_aspace_ref81_a08"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","Political and Legal Papers, 1866-1882"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","Political and Legal Papers, 1866-1882"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"collection_ssim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":65,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\":\"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated, letter 3859\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3280580t\"}","{\"label\":\"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated, letter 3860\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3hh6cg0q\"}","{\"label\":\"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated, letter 3861\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3cr5nn6z\"}","{\"label\":\"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated, letter 3862\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3dj58r41\"}","{\"label\":\"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated, letter 3863\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3513v46v\"}","{\"label\":\"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated, letter 3864\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r38s4jz0w\"}","{\"label\":\"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated, letter 3865\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3j960j85\"}","{\"label\":\"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated, letter 3866\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3mp4vx7m\"}","{\"label\":\"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated, letter 3867\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3w669j5h\"}","{\"label\":\"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated, letter 3868\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3rf5kr1c\"}","{\"label\":\"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated, letter 3869\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r35d8np9p\"}","{\"label\":\"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated, letter 3870\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3028pn66\"}","{\"label\":\"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated, letter 3871\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r33t9df9j\"}","{\"label\":\"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated, letter 3872\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3v98011m\"}","{\"label\":\"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated, letter 3873\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3v40k71k\"}","{\"label\":\"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated, letter 3874\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3kk94m5g\"}","{\"label\":\"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated, letter 3875\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3zs2kn35\"}","{\"label\":\"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated, letter 3876\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3qb9vd8r\"}","{\"label\":\"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated, letter 3877\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3dj58s2h\"}","{\"label\":\"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated, letter 3878\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3j960k74\"}","{\"label\":\"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated, letter 3879\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3p26qd1h\"}","{\"label\":\"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated, letter 3880\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3c53f99t\"}","{\"label\":\"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated, letter 3881\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3gx45438\"}","{\"label\":\"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated, letter 3882\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r37d2qh5p\"}","{\"label\":\"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated, letter 3883\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3rr1pw2g\"}","{\"label\":\"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated, letter 3884\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3wh2dp6m\"}","{\"label\":\"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated, letter 3885\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r31834b23\"}","{\"label\":\"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated, letter 3886\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r34747166\"}","{\"label\":\"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated, letter 3887\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3804xv1n\"}","{\"label\":\"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated, letter 3888\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r30g3h73j\"}","{\"label\":\"Political Papers, 1866-1882, undated, letter 3889\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3s46hf8g\"}"],"containers_ssim":["box 7"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2/components#0","_nest_parent_":"ahstephens_aspace_ref81_a08","_root_":"ahstephens","timestamp":"2025-02-18T22:57:49.296Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"ahstephens","title_ssm":["Alexander H. Stephens papers"],"title_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers"],"ead_ssi":"ahstephens","unitdate_ssm":["1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RL.10096"],"text":["RL.10096","Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees","Slavery -- Georgia","Collection is open for research.","Alexander Hamilton Stephens was born in Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia on\n        February 11, 1812 to Andrew B. and Margaret Grier Stephens. He graduated from Franklin\n        College (later the University of Georgia) in 1832, where he was a member of the Phi Kappa\n        Literary Society. He taught school for the next eighteen months while pursuing legal studies\n        and passed the bar in Georgia in 1834. Stephens maintained a successful law practice for\n        thirty-two years while simultaneously serving as an elected official in both state and\n        federal political realms and as Vice President of the Confederate States of America. He died\n        in 1883.","Chronology List 1836 Elected to the Georgia House of Representatives as a Whig; served until\n              1840 1842 Elected to the Georgia State Senate; served for one year. 1843 Elected to the United States Congress; served until 1859 1861 Elected to attend the Secession Convention of Georgia 1861 Elected Vice President of the Confederate States of America 1865 Arrested by the United States; served five months in prison 1866 Elected to the United States Senate but not allowed to take his seat 1873 Elected to United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of\n              Ambrose R. Wright; served until his resignation in 1882 1882 Elected Governor of Georgia 1883, March 4 Died in Georgia","Processed by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Encoded by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Multiple accessions were merged into one collection, described in this finding aid.","John Jordan Crittenden Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library Alfred Gumming\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Marmaduke Hamilton\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Paul Hamilton Hayne\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Alexander Hamilton Stephens Letters,\n            Microfilm, Manhattanville College David M.\n            Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","The collection includes correspondence, bills and receipts, financial papers, legal papers,\n        political papers, clippings and printed material and ranges in date from 1823-1954, with the\n        bulk dated 1823-1883. Due to preservation concerns, some items were copied onto acid-free\n        paper and stamped as preservation copies. The originals were placed in mylar and are located\n        in Box 7. Patrons should consult with Rubenstein Library staff before handling these\n        materials.","The vast majority of the collection is comprised of correspondence, covering the years\n        1823-1883. Many of the letters in the collection were written to Stephens, although there\n        are letters written in his own hand. Throughout the correspondence are letters written to\n        Stephens by various family members, most notably his brothers John and Linton. The bulk of\n        the correspondence pertains to Stephens' law work, regarding issues such as the settling of\n        estates and the collection of debts. The most prominent topics include family matters,\n        business and legal matters and Stephens' health. Given the expansive amount of\n        correspondence, below is a breakdown by decade of other topics which appear, in an effort to\n        assist the researcher in locating materials of interest:","Correspondence 1823-1839: Topics include States' Rights, slavery, and an Indian war in\n        Florida [possibly the Creek War]. There is a letter from Herschel V. Johnson who sought\n        advice from Stephens in 1839 regarding negotiations with a railroad company.","Correspondence 1840-1849: Topics include local and national politics/views, opinions about\n        President Martin Van Buren, \"agricultural politics,\" Thomas Dorr and the People's Party, the\n        purchasing of slaves, the 1843 Boston visit of President John Tyler and Vice President\n        Daniel Webster, Stephens' nomination to serve in the U. S. Congress, Whigs and Democrats\n        (Stephens was invited to attend several Whig-sponsored barbeques), and the death of\n        Stephens' brother Aaron. There is a letter from United States Representative Marshall\n        Johnson Wellborn which discusses the Judiciary Act (1841). There are also a substantial\n        number of letters written by and to John Bird and letters written to him and Stephens (they\n        were likely law partners). Of note are two letters written in 1844 by [Sarvis] Pearson\n        (presumably a client of Stephens or his firm) to his estranged wife Mary S. Pearson which\n        offer insight into the subject of divorce and marital discord of the time period.","Correspondence 1850-1859: Letters written by Stephens start to appear more frequently.\n        Topics include largely family and legal matters.","Correspondence 1860-1869: Topics include employment inquiries both pre- and post-Civil War,\n        autograph requests, Stephens' book about the Civil War, and the social history of a\n        post-Civil War Georgia. Items of note: There are petitions (1860) by Stephens' district\n        constituents asking him to address them about the presidential election. There are letters\n        asking him for permission to travel into the Union. There are a couple of letters written by\n        Stephens to Jefferson Davis. There is a letter from March 1860 to Pearce Stevons [Stephens]\n        by Rody Jordan, both of whom were not only brothers but slaves as well. The letter is likely\n        written by someone other than Jordan. A letter to Stephens in October 1866 states that his\n        former slave Pearce was charged with murder and asks for Stephens' legal counsel at Pearce's\n        request (he apparently complied based on a letter from 1869).","Correspondence 1870-1879: Topics include requests for employment and financial help,\n        requests for letters of recommendation, Linton Stephens' death, Stephens' paper the  Daily and Weekly Sun , the federal government, autograph requests,\n        and Stephens' work with the Committee on Standard Weights and Measures. Item of note: There\n        are documents from 1873 concerning an illegal distilling and corruption case in Georgia.","Correspondence 1880-1883: Topics includes Stephens' opinion of President James A. Garfield,\n        his bid for Governor, requests for financial help and letters of recommendation for men\n        interested in state posts appointed by the Governor, such as Physician of the Georgia\n        Penitentiary. Items of note: There is a letter dated 1883 signed by Secretary of War, Robert\n        Todd Lincoln. There are two letters from 1882 which offer some insight into African-American\n        involvement in Georgia politics.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library.","Alexander H. Stephens (1812-1883) was a\n        Georgia lawyer, politician and Vice President of the Confederate States of\n        America.","The collection includes a large amount\n        of correspondence as well as bills/receipts, financial papers, legal papers, political\n        papers, clippings and printed material. It ranges in date from 1823 to 1954, with the bulk\n        covering 1823-1883.","For current information on the location\n        of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog.","David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926","English"],"unitid_tesim":["RL.10096"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"collection_ssim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"repository_ssm":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"repository_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees"],"creator_ssm":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"creator_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"creators_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Alexander H. Stephens Papers were received by the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n        Manuscript Library as purchases between 1946-1962."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery -- Georgia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery -- Georgia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["8 Linear Feet","approx. 3,000\n          Items"],"extent_tesim":["8 Linear Feet","approx. 3,000\n          Items"],"date_range_isim":[1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexander Hamilton Stephens was born in Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia on\n        February 11, 1812 to Andrew B. and Margaret Grier Stephens. He graduated from Franklin\n        College (later the University of Georgia) in 1832, where he was a member of the Phi Kappa\n        Literary Society. He taught school for the next eighteen months while pursuing legal studies\n        and passed the bar in Georgia in 1834. Stephens maintained a successful law practice for\n        thirty-two years while simultaneously serving as an elected official in both state and\n        federal political realms and as Vice President of the Confederate States of America. He died\n        in 1883.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cchronlist\u003e\n        \u003chead\u003eChronology List\u003c/head\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1836\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the Georgia House of Representatives as a Whig; served until\n              1840\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1842\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the Georgia State Senate; served for one year.\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1843\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the United States Congress; served until 1859\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1861\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to attend the Secession Convention of Georgia\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1861\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected Vice President of the Confederate States of America\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1865\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eArrested by the United States; served five months in prison\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1866\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the United States Senate but not allowed to take his seat\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1873\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of\n              Ambrose R. Wright; served until his resignation in 1882\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1882\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected Governor of Georgia\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1883, March 4\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eDied in Georgia\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003c/chronlist\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alexander Hamilton Stephens was born in Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia on\n        February 11, 1812 to Andrew B. and Margaret Grier Stephens. He graduated from Franklin\n        College (later the University of Georgia) in 1832, where he was a member of the Phi Kappa\n        Literary Society. He taught school for the next eighteen months while pursuing legal studies\n        and passed the bar in Georgia in 1834. Stephens maintained a successful law practice for\n        thirty-two years while simultaneously serving as an elected official in both state and\n        federal political realms and as Vice President of the Confederate States of America. He died\n        in 1883.","Chronology List 1836 Elected to the Georgia House of Representatives as a Whig; served until\n              1840 1842 Elected to the Georgia State Senate; served for one year. 1843 Elected to the United States Congress; served until 1859 1861 Elected to attend the Secession Convention of Georgia 1861 Elected Vice President of the Confederate States of America 1865 Arrested by the United States; served five months in prison 1866 Elected to the United States Senate but not allowed to take his seat 1873 Elected to United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of\n              Ambrose R. Wright; served until his resignation in 1882 1882 Elected Governor of Georgia 1883, March 4 Died in Georgia"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Alexander H. Stephens Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n        Manuscript Library\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Alexander H. Stephens Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n        Manuscript Library"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Kimberly Sims, November 2008\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by Kimberly Sims, November 2008\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMultiple accessions were merged into one collection, described in this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Encoded by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Multiple accessions were merged into one collection, described in this finding aid."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eJohn Jordan Crittenden Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eAlfred Gumming\n            Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n            Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eMarmaduke Hamilton\n            Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n            Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003ePaul Hamilton Hayne\n            Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n            Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eAlexander Hamilton Stephens Letters,\n            Microfilm, Manhattanville College\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M.\n            Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["John Jordan Crittenden Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library Alfred Gumming\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Marmaduke Hamilton\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Paul Hamilton Hayne\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Alexander Hamilton Stephens Letters,\n            Microfilm, Manhattanville College David M.\n            Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes correspondence, bills and receipts, financial papers, legal papers,\n        political papers, clippings and printed material and ranges in date from 1823-1954, with the\n        bulk dated 1823-1883. Due to preservation concerns, some items were copied onto acid-free\n        paper and stamped as preservation copies. The originals were placed in mylar and are located\n        in Box 7. Patrons should consult with Rubenstein Library staff before handling these\n        materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe vast majority of the collection is comprised of correspondence, covering the years\n        1823-1883. Many of the letters in the collection were written to Stephens, although there\n        are letters written in his own hand. Throughout the correspondence are letters written to\n        Stephens by various family members, most notably his brothers John and Linton. The bulk of\n        the correspondence pertains to Stephens' law work, regarding issues such as the settling of\n        estates and the collection of debts. The most prominent topics include family matters,\n        business and legal matters and Stephens' health. Given the expansive amount of\n        correspondence, below is a breakdown by decade of other topics which appear, in an effort to\n        assist the researcher in locating materials of interest:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1823-1839: Topics include States' Rights, slavery, and an Indian war in\n        Florida [possibly the Creek War]. There is a letter from Herschel V. Johnson who sought\n        advice from Stephens in 1839 regarding negotiations with a railroad company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1840-1849: Topics include local and national politics/views, opinions about\n        President Martin Van Buren, \"agricultural politics,\" Thomas Dorr and the People's Party, the\n        purchasing of slaves, the 1843 Boston visit of President John Tyler and Vice President\n        Daniel Webster, Stephens' nomination to serve in the U. S. Congress, Whigs and Democrats\n        (Stephens was invited to attend several Whig-sponsored barbeques), and the death of\n        Stephens' brother Aaron. There is a letter from United States Representative Marshall\n        Johnson Wellborn which discusses the Judiciary Act (1841). There are also a substantial\n        number of letters written by and to John Bird and letters written to him and Stephens (they\n        were likely law partners). Of note are two letters written in 1844 by [Sarvis] Pearson\n        (presumably a client of Stephens or his firm) to his estranged wife Mary S. Pearson which\n        offer insight into the subject of divorce and marital discord of the time period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1850-1859: Letters written by Stephens start to appear more frequently.\n        Topics include largely family and legal matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1860-1869: Topics include employment inquiries both pre- and post-Civil War,\n        autograph requests, Stephens' book about the Civil War, and the social history of a\n        post-Civil War Georgia. Items of note: There are petitions (1860) by Stephens' district\n        constituents asking him to address them about the presidential election. There are letters\n        asking him for permission to travel into the Union. There are a couple of letters written by\n        Stephens to Jefferson Davis. There is a letter from March 1860 to Pearce Stevons [Stephens]\n        by Rody Jordan, both of whom were not only brothers but slaves as well. The letter is likely\n        written by someone other than Jordan. A letter to Stephens in October 1866 states that his\n        former slave Pearce was charged with murder and asks for Stephens' legal counsel at Pearce's\n        request (he apparently complied based on a letter from 1869).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1870-1879: Topics include requests for employment and financial help,\n        requests for letters of recommendation, Linton Stephens' death, Stephens' paper the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily and Weekly Sun\u003c/title\u003e, the federal government, autograph requests,\n        and Stephens' work with the Committee on Standard Weights and Measures. Item of note: There\n        are documents from 1873 concerning an illegal distilling and corruption case in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1880-1883: Topics includes Stephens' opinion of President James A. Garfield,\n        his bid for Governor, requests for financial help and letters of recommendation for men\n        interested in state posts appointed by the Governor, such as Physician of the Georgia\n        Penitentiary. Items of note: There is a letter dated 1883 signed by Secretary of War, Robert\n        Todd Lincoln. There are two letters from 1882 which offer some insight into African-American\n        involvement in Georgia politics.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Collection Overview"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes correspondence, bills and receipts, financial papers, legal papers,\n        political papers, clippings and printed material and ranges in date from 1823-1954, with the\n        bulk dated 1823-1883. Due to preservation concerns, some items were copied onto acid-free\n        paper and stamped as preservation copies. The originals were placed in mylar and are located\n        in Box 7. Patrons should consult with Rubenstein Library staff before handling these\n        materials.","The vast majority of the collection is comprised of correspondence, covering the years\n        1823-1883. Many of the letters in the collection were written to Stephens, although there\n        are letters written in his own hand. Throughout the correspondence are letters written to\n        Stephens by various family members, most notably his brothers John and Linton. The bulk of\n        the correspondence pertains to Stephens' law work, regarding issues such as the settling of\n        estates and the collection of debts. The most prominent topics include family matters,\n        business and legal matters and Stephens' health. Given the expansive amount of\n        correspondence, below is a breakdown by decade of other topics which appear, in an effort to\n        assist the researcher in locating materials of interest:","Correspondence 1823-1839: Topics include States' Rights, slavery, and an Indian war in\n        Florida [possibly the Creek War]. There is a letter from Herschel V. Johnson who sought\n        advice from Stephens in 1839 regarding negotiations with a railroad company.","Correspondence 1840-1849: Topics include local and national politics/views, opinions about\n        President Martin Van Buren, \"agricultural politics,\" Thomas Dorr and the People's Party, the\n        purchasing of slaves, the 1843 Boston visit of President John Tyler and Vice President\n        Daniel Webster, Stephens' nomination to serve in the U. S. Congress, Whigs and Democrats\n        (Stephens was invited to attend several Whig-sponsored barbeques), and the death of\n        Stephens' brother Aaron. There is a letter from United States Representative Marshall\n        Johnson Wellborn which discusses the Judiciary Act (1841). There are also a substantial\n        number of letters written by and to John Bird and letters written to him and Stephens (they\n        were likely law partners). Of note are two letters written in 1844 by [Sarvis] Pearson\n        (presumably a client of Stephens or his firm) to his estranged wife Mary S. Pearson which\n        offer insight into the subject of divorce and marital discord of the time period.","Correspondence 1850-1859: Letters written by Stephens start to appear more frequently.\n        Topics include largely family and legal matters.","Correspondence 1860-1869: Topics include employment inquiries both pre- and post-Civil War,\n        autograph requests, Stephens' book about the Civil War, and the social history of a\n        post-Civil War Georgia. Items of note: There are petitions (1860) by Stephens' district\n        constituents asking him to address them about the presidential election. There are letters\n        asking him for permission to travel into the Union. There are a couple of letters written by\n        Stephens to Jefferson Davis. There is a letter from March 1860 to Pearce Stevons [Stephens]\n        by Rody Jordan, both of whom were not only brothers but slaves as well. The letter is likely\n        written by someone other than Jordan. A letter to Stephens in October 1866 states that his\n        former slave Pearce was charged with murder and asks for Stephens' legal counsel at Pearce's\n        request (he apparently complied based on a letter from 1869).","Correspondence 1870-1879: Topics include requests for employment and financial help,\n        requests for letters of recommendation, Linton Stephens' death, Stephens' paper the  Daily and Weekly Sun , the federal government, autograph requests,\n        and Stephens' work with the Committee on Standard Weights and Measures. Item of note: There\n        are documents from 1873 concerning an illegal distilling and corruption case in Georgia.","Correspondence 1880-1883: Topics includes Stephens' opinion of President James A. Garfield,\n        his bid for Governor, requests for financial help and letters of recommendation for men\n        interested in state posts appointed by the Governor, such as Physician of the Georgia\n        Penitentiary. Items of note: There is a letter dated 1883 signed by Secretary of War, Robert\n        Todd Lincoln. There are two letters from 1882 which offer some insight into African-American\n        involvement in Georgia politics."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Notice"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_849632dcb81574966843dcbe5b428838\"\u003eAlexander H. Stephens (1812-1883) was a\n        Georgia lawyer, politician and Vice President of the Confederate States of\n        America.\u003c/abstract\u003e","\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c9c5c1283c14f11d61a94c6bb6711c7a\"\u003eThe collection includes a large amount\n        of correspondence as well as bills/receipts, financial papers, legal papers, political\n        papers, clippings and printed material. It ranges in date from 1823 to 1954, with the bulk\n        covering 1823-1883.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens (1812-1883) was a\n        Georgia lawyer, politician and Vice President of the Confederate States of\n        America.","The collection includes a large amount\n        of correspondence as well as bills/receipts, financial papers, legal papers, political\n        papers, clippings and printed material. It ranges in date from 1823 to 1954, with the bulk\n        covering 1823-1883."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_38e97c13005bd86e481006cee204cb70\"\u003eFor current information on the location\n        of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["For current information on the location\n        of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog."],"names_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926"],"corpname_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926"],"persname_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":73,"online_item_count_is":4055,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"ahstephens","timestamp":"2025-02-18T22:57:49.296Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ahstephens_aspace_ref83_9h7"}},{"id":"rushbenjaminandjulia","type":"collection","attributes":{"title":"Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers, bulk 1766-1845 and undated","highlight":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/rushbenjaminandjulia#highlight","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush \u003cem\u003epapers\u003c/em\u003e, bulk 1766-1845 and undated\u003cbr/\u003eThe Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush \u003cem\u003epapers\u003c/em\u003e include letters, writings, financial records, a\n        few legal documents and one educational record. \u003cbr/\u003eThe Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush\n        \u003cem\u003epapers\u003c/em\u003e include letters, writings, financial records, a few legal documents and one\n        educational record. ","label":"Highlight"}},"creator":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/rushbenjaminandjulia#creator","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","label":"Creator"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/rushbenjaminandjulia#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"The Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers include letters, writings, financial records, a few legal documents and one educational record. Benjamin Rush's personal and professional outgoing letters, with some incoming letters, cover a wide variety of topics, but focus primarily on medical concerns, particularly the 1793 and other yellow fever epidemics in Philadelphia, as well as mental illness and its treatment, and the medical department of the Continental Army. There are a few letters from others to Julia Stockton Rush that seek to continue ties with her and the Rush family or offer condolences following Benjamin's death. Collection also contains a medical case book and a fragment of an essay or lecture written by Benjamin Rush, along with his travel diary for a trip to meet with the Board of Trustees for Dickinson College in 178[4]; other writings include Julia Rush's devotional journal and exercise book. The financial records include a few statements and receipts, but primarily contain two account books, one maintained by Benjamin Rush, the other by Rush with his wife. These account books provide a complete picture of the family finances from the period before the couple married, almost to Julia's death. Legal documents include a sworn statement and a land patent, and there is an educational record for one of Rush's students. ","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/rushbenjaminandjulia#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"id":"rushbenjaminandjulia","title_ssm":["Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers"],"title_tesim":["Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers"],"ead_ssi":"rushbenjaminandjulia","unitdate_ssm":["1766-1845 and undated"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1766-1845 and undated"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RL.11044"],"text":["RL.11044","Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers, bulk 1766-1845 and undated","United States -- History -- Revolution, 1775-1783 -- Medical\n        care","United States -- Politics and government -- 1775-1783","Physicians -- Records and correspondence.","Medicine -- Study and teaching -- Pennsylvania --\n        Philadelphia","Mental illness -- Treatment -- United States -- History -- 19th\n        century","Yellow Fever -- Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia","Diaries","Collection is open for research.","Arranged into the following series: Letters, Writings, Financial Records, and Legal\n        Documents and Educational Records.","Benjamin Rush was a physician, politician, social reformer, educator and humanitarian, as\n        well as the founder of Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. He married Julia\n        Stockton in 1776.","Benjamin Rush 1746 January 4 Born, in Byberry Township, Pa. 1760 Graduated with A. B., College of New Jersey (Princeton) 1761-1766 Medical apprenticeship, College of Philadelphia medical department 1768 Completed medical degree, University of Edinburgh 1769 Began medical practice in Philadelphia Appointed Professor of Chemistry in College of Philadelphia's medical\n              department 1776 Took his seat in Second Continental Congress 1776 August 2 Signed Declaration of Independence 1777 April Commissioned Surgeon General of Middle Department of the Continental Army 1778 Resigned from the Army Became lecturer at University of the State of Pennsylvania 1783 Helped found Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pa. 1784-1813 Surgeon at Pennsylvania Hospital, with responsibility for psychiatric\n              ward 1797-1813 Treasurer of the U.S. Mint 1813 Died ","Julia Stockton Rush 1759 Born, at \"Morven\" family estate near Princeton, N.J. 1776 Married Benjamin Rush; the couple went on to have 13 children 1848 Died at their county property, \"Sydenham\" (now 15th Street and Columbus Ave,\n              Philadelphia)","Sarah Eve diary, 1772-1773. Eve was the daughter of ship captain and merchant Oswell Eve,\n        and the fiancee of Benjamin Rush until her death on 4 Dec. 1774, three weeks before the date\n        set for their marriage.","The Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers include letters, writings, financial records, a\n        few legal documents and one educational record. ","Benjamin Rush's personal and professional outgoing letters, with some incoming letters,\n        cover a wide variety of topics, but focus primarily on medical concerns, particularly the\n        1793 and other yellow fever epidemics in Philadelphia, as well as mental illness and its\n        treatment, and the medical department of the Continental Army. ","There are a few letters from others to Julia Stockton Rush that seek to continue ties with\n        her and the Rush family or offer condolences following Benjamin's death. Collection also\n        contains a medical case book and a fragment of an essay or lecture written by Benjamin Rush,\n        along with his travel diary for a trip to meet with the Board of Trustees for Dickinson\n        College in 178[4]; other writings include Julia Rush's devotional journal and exercise book. ","The financial records include a few statements and receipts, but primarily contain two\n        account books, one maintained by Benjamin Rush, the other by Rush with his wife. These\n        account books provide a complete picture of the family finances from the period before the\n        couple married, almost to Julia's death. ","Legal documents include a sworn statement and a land patent, and there is an educational\n        record for one of Rush's students.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library.","The Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush\n        papers include letters, writings, financial records, a few legal documents and one\n        educational record. Benjamin Rush's personal and professional outgoing letters, with some\n        incoming letters, cover a wide variety of topics, but focus primarily on medical concerns,\n        particularly the 1793 and other yellow fever epidemics in Philadelphia, as well as mental\n        illness and its treatment, and the medical department of the Continental Army. There are a\n        few letters from others to Julia Stockton Rush that seek to continue ties with her and the\n        Rush family or offer condolences following Benjamin's death. Collection also contains a\n        medical case book and a fragment of an essay or lecture written by Benjamin Rush, along with\n        his travel diary for a trip to meet with the Board of Trustees for Dickinson College in\n        178[4]; other writings include Julia Rush's devotional journal and exercise book. The\n        financial records include a few statements and receipts, but primarily contain two account\n        books, one maintained by Benjamin Rush, the other by Rush with his wife. These account books\n        provide a complete picture of the family finances from the period before the couple married,\n        almost to Julia's death. Legal documents include a sworn statement and a land patent, and\n        there is an educational record for one of Rush's students. ","David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","Dickinson College","University of Pennsylvania -- Faculty","University of Pennsylvania","St. Thomas' Church (Philadelphia, Pa.) -- History","College of Philadelphia. Medical School","Rush family","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Adams, Abigail,\n                1744-1818","Adams, John\n                Quincy, 1767-1848","Dickinson,\n                John, 1732-1808","Gates,\n                Horatio, 1728-1806","Greene,\n                Nathanael, 1742-1786","Hosack,\n                David, 1769-1835","Jefferson, Thomas,\n                1743-1826","Waterhouse, Benjamin, 1754-1846","McHenry,\n                James, 1753-1816","Madison,\n                James, 1751-1836","Paine,\n                Thomas, 1737-1809","Pascalis Ouviere,\n                Felix, 1762-1833","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813 -- Medical inquiries and\n              observations upon the diseases of the mind","Pickering,\n                Timothy, 1745-1829","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Howe , William Howe, Viscount, 1729-1814","Shippen, William, 1712-1801","McHenry, James, 1753-1816.","Greene, Nathanael, 1742-1786","Read, Jacob, 1752-1816","Bayard, John Bubenheim, 1738-1807","Armstrong, John, 1758-1843","Paley, William, 1743-1805 -- Principles of moral and political\n              philosophy","Sproat, James, 1722-1793","Clymer, George, 1739-1813","Newton, John, 1725-1807 -- Cardiphonia","Thornton, James, 1727-1794","Sharp , Granville, 1735-1813","Grafton, Augustus Henry Fitzroy, Duke of, 1735-1811","Potter, Nathaniel, 1770-1843.","Bostock, John, 1773-1846","Bostock, John, 1740-1774","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","Jones, Walter, 1745-1815","Miller, Samuel, 1769-1850","Rodgers, John, 1727-1811","Eustis, William, 1753-1825","Mease, James, 1771-1846.","Hosack, David, 1769-1835.","Cullen, William, 1710-1790","Washington, George,\n                1732-1799","Wayne,\n                Anthony, 1745-1796","Rush, Richard,\n              1780-1859","Rush, Julia\n              Stockton","English","Materials are in\n        English."],"unitid_tesim":["RL.11044"],"normalized_date_ssm":["bulk 1766-1845 and undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers, bulk 1766-1845 and undated"],"collection_title_tesim":["Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers, bulk 1766-1845 and undated"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers, bulk 1766-1845 and undated"],"repository_ssm":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"repository_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Revolution, 1775-1783 -- Medical\n        care","United States -- Politics and government -- 1775-1783"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Revolution, 1775-1783 -- Medical\n        care","United States -- Politics and government -- 1775-1783"],"creator_ssm":["Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813"],"creator_ssim":["Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813"],"creators_ssim":["Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Revolution, 1775-1783 -- Medical\n        care","United States -- Politics and government -- 1775-1783"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Physicians -- Records and correspondence.","Medicine -- Study and teaching -- Pennsylvania --\n        Philadelphia","Mental illness -- Treatment -- United States -- History -- 19th\n        century","Yellow Fever -- Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia","Diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Physicians -- Records and correspondence.","Medicine -- Study and teaching -- Pennsylvania --\n        Philadelphia","Mental illness -- Treatment -- United States -- History -- 19th\n        century","Yellow Fever -- Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia","Diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["0.8 Linear Feet 3 boxes, 2 volumes"],"extent_tesim":["0.8 Linear Feet 3 boxes, 2 volumes"],"genreform_ssim":["Diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into the following series: Letters, Writings, Financial Records, and Legal\n        Documents and Educational Records.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged into the following series: Letters, Writings, Financial Records, and Legal\n        Documents and Educational Records."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Rush was a physician, politician, social reformer, educator and humanitarian, as\n        well as the founder of Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. He married Julia\n        Stockton in 1776.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cchronlist\u003e\n        \u003chead\u003eBenjamin Rush\u003c/head\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1746 January 4\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eBorn, in Byberry Township, Pa.\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1760\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eGraduated with A. B., College of New Jersey (Princeton)\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1761-1766\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eMedical apprenticeship, College of Philadelphia medical department\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1768\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eCompleted medical degree, University of Edinburgh\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1769\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eBegan medical practice in Philadelphia\u003c/event\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eAppointed Professor of Chemistry in College of Philadelphia's medical\n              department\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1776\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eTook his seat in Second Continental Congress\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1776 August 2\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eSigned Declaration of Independence\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1777 April\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eCommissioned Surgeon General of Middle Department of the Continental Army\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1778\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eResigned from the Army\u003c/event\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eBecame lecturer at University of the State of Pennsylvania\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1783\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eHelped found Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pa.\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1784-1813\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eSurgeon at Pennsylvania Hospital, with responsibility for psychiatric\n              ward\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1797-1813\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eTreasurer of the U.S. Mint\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1813\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eDied \u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003c/chronlist\u003e","\u003cchronlist\u003e\n        \u003chead\u003eJulia Stockton Rush\u003c/head\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1759\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eBorn, at \"Morven\" family estate near Princeton, N.J.\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1776\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eMarried Benjamin Rush; the couple went on to have 13 children\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1848\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eDied at their county property, \"Sydenham\" (now 15th Street and Columbus Ave,\n              Philadelphia)\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003c/chronlist\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin Rush was a physician, politician, social reformer, educator and humanitarian, as\n        well as the founder of Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. He married Julia\n        Stockton in 1776.","Benjamin Rush 1746 January 4 Born, in Byberry Township, Pa. 1760 Graduated with A. B., College of New Jersey (Princeton) 1761-1766 Medical apprenticeship, College of Philadelphia medical department 1768 Completed medical degree, University of Edinburgh 1769 Began medical practice in Philadelphia Appointed Professor of Chemistry in College of Philadelphia's medical\n              department 1776 Took his seat in Second Continental Congress 1776 August 2 Signed Declaration of Independence 1777 April Commissioned Surgeon General of Middle Department of the Continental Army 1778 Resigned from the Army Became lecturer at University of the State of Pennsylvania 1783 Helped found Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pa. 1784-1813 Surgeon at Pennsylvania Hospital, with responsibility for psychiatric\n              ward 1797-1813 Treasurer of the U.S. Mint 1813 Died ","Julia Stockton Rush 1759 Born, at \"Morven\" family estate near Princeton, N.J. 1776 Married Benjamin Rush; the couple went on to have 13 children 1848 Died at their county property, \"Sydenham\" (now 15th Street and Columbus Ave,\n              Philadelphia)"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers, 1766-1845 and undated,\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library, Duke University.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers, 1766-1845 and undated,\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library, Duke University."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSarah Eve diary, 1772-1773. Eve was the daughter of ship captain and merchant Oswell Eve,\n        and the fiancee of Benjamin Rush until her death on 4 Dec. 1774, three weeks before the date\n        set for their marriage.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Sarah Eve diary, 1772-1773. Eve was the daughter of ship captain and merchant Oswell Eve,\n        and the fiancee of Benjamin Rush until her death on 4 Dec. 1774, three weeks before the date\n        set for their marriage."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers include letters, writings, financial records, a\n        few legal documents and one educational record. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Rush's personal and professional outgoing letters, with some incoming letters,\n        cover a wide variety of topics, but focus primarily on medical concerns, particularly the\n        1793 and other yellow fever epidemics in Philadelphia, as well as mental illness and its\n        treatment, and the medical department of the Continental Army. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are a few letters from others to Julia Stockton Rush that seek to continue ties with\n        her and the Rush family or offer condolences following Benjamin's death. Collection also\n        contains a medical case book and a fragment of an essay or lecture written by Benjamin Rush,\n        along with his travel diary for a trip to meet with the Board of Trustees for Dickinson\n        College in 178[4]; other writings include Julia Rush's devotional journal and exercise book. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe financial records include a few statements and receipts, but primarily contain two\n        account books, one maintained by Benjamin Rush, the other by Rush with his wife. These\n        account books provide a complete picture of the family finances from the period before the\n        couple married, almost to Julia's death. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLegal documents include a sworn statement and a land patent, and there is an educational\n        record for one of Rush's students.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Collection Overview"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers include letters, writings, financial records, a\n        few legal documents and one educational record. ","Benjamin Rush's personal and professional outgoing letters, with some incoming letters,\n        cover a wide variety of topics, but focus primarily on medical concerns, particularly the\n        1793 and other yellow fever epidemics in Philadelphia, as well as mental illness and its\n        treatment, and the medical department of the Continental Army. ","There are a few letters from others to Julia Stockton Rush that seek to continue ties with\n        her and the Rush family or offer condolences following Benjamin's death. Collection also\n        contains a medical case book and a fragment of an essay or lecture written by Benjamin Rush,\n        along with his travel diary for a trip to meet with the Board of Trustees for Dickinson\n        College in 178[4]; other writings include Julia Rush's devotional journal and exercise book. ","The financial records include a few statements and receipts, but primarily contain two\n        account books, one maintained by Benjamin Rush, the other by Rush with his wife. These\n        account books provide a complete picture of the family finances from the period before the\n        couple married, almost to Julia's death. ","Legal documents include a sworn statement and a land patent, and there is an educational\n        record for one of Rush's students."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3fbc83697b6a5a62d0eb0f3a669ea271\"\u003eThe Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush\n        papers include letters, writings, financial records, a few legal documents and one\n        educational record. Benjamin Rush's personal and professional outgoing letters, with some\n        incoming letters, cover a wide variety of topics, but focus primarily on medical concerns,\n        particularly the 1793 and other yellow fever epidemics in Philadelphia, as well as mental\n        illness and its treatment, and the medical department of the Continental Army. There are a\n        few letters from others to Julia Stockton Rush that seek to continue ties with her and the\n        Rush family or offer condolences following Benjamin's death. Collection also contains a\n        medical case book and a fragment of an essay or lecture written by Benjamin Rush, along with\n        his travel diary for a trip to meet with the Board of Trustees for Dickinson College in\n        178[4]; other writings include Julia Rush's devotional journal and exercise book. The\n        financial records include a few statements and receipts, but primarily contain two account\n        books, one maintained by Benjamin Rush, the other by Rush with his wife. These account books\n        provide a complete picture of the family finances from the period before the couple married,\n        almost to Julia's death. Legal documents include a sworn statement and a land patent, and\n        there is an educational record for one of Rush's students. \u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush\n        papers include letters, writings, financial records, a few legal documents and one\n        educational record. Benjamin Rush's personal and professional outgoing letters, with some\n        incoming letters, cover a wide variety of topics, but focus primarily on medical concerns,\n        particularly the 1793 and other yellow fever epidemics in Philadelphia, as well as mental\n        illness and its treatment, and the medical department of the Continental Army. There are a\n        few letters from others to Julia Stockton Rush that seek to continue ties with her and the\n        Rush family or offer condolences following Benjamin's death. Collection also contains a\n        medical case book and a fragment of an essay or lecture written by Benjamin Rush, along with\n        his travel diary for a trip to meet with the Board of Trustees for Dickinson College in\n        178[4]; other writings include Julia Rush's devotional journal and exercise book. The\n        financial records include a few statements and receipts, but primarily contain two account\n        books, one maintained by Benjamin Rush, the other by Rush with his wife. These account books\n        provide a complete picture of the family finances from the period before the couple married,\n        almost to Julia's death. Legal documents include a sworn statement and a land patent, and\n        there is an educational record for one of Rush's students. "],"names_coll_ssim":["Dickinson College","Rush, Julia Stockton"],"names_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","Dickinson College","University of Pennsylvania -- Faculty","University of Pennsylvania","St. Thomas' Church (Philadelphia, Pa.) -- History","College of Philadelphia. Medical School","Rush family","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Adams, Abigail,\n                1744-1818","Adams, John\n                Quincy, 1767-1848","Dickinson,\n                John, 1732-1808","Gates,\n                Horatio, 1728-1806","Greene,\n                Nathanael, 1742-1786","Hosack,\n                David, 1769-1835","Jefferson, Thomas,\n                1743-1826","Waterhouse, Benjamin, 1754-1846","McHenry,\n                James, 1753-1816","Madison,\n                James, 1751-1836","Paine,\n                Thomas, 1737-1809","Pascalis Ouviere,\n                Felix, 1762-1833","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813 -- Medical inquiries and\n              observations upon the diseases of the mind","Pickering,\n                Timothy, 1745-1829","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Howe , William Howe, Viscount, 1729-1814","Shippen, William, 1712-1801","McHenry, James, 1753-1816.","Greene, Nathanael, 1742-1786","Read, Jacob, 1752-1816","Bayard, John Bubenheim, 1738-1807","Armstrong, John, 1758-1843","Paley, William, 1743-1805 -- Principles of moral and political\n              philosophy","Sproat, James, 1722-1793","Clymer, George, 1739-1813","Newton, John, 1725-1807 -- Cardiphonia","Thornton, James, 1727-1794","Sharp , Granville, 1735-1813","Grafton, Augustus Henry Fitzroy, Duke of, 1735-1811","Potter, Nathaniel, 1770-1843.","Bostock, John, 1773-1846","Bostock, John, 1740-1774","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","Jones, Walter, 1745-1815","Miller, Samuel, 1769-1850","Rodgers, John, 1727-1811","Eustis, William, 1753-1825","Mease, James, 1771-1846.","Hosack, David, 1769-1835.","Cullen, William, 1710-1790","Washington, George,\n                1732-1799","Wayne,\n                Anthony, 1745-1796","Rush, Richard,\n              1780-1859","Rush, Julia\n              Stockton"],"corpname_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","Dickinson College","University of Pennsylvania -- Faculty","University of Pennsylvania","St. Thomas' Church (Philadelphia, Pa.) -- History","College of Philadelphia. Medical School"],"famname_ssim":["Rush family"],"persname_ssim":["Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Adams, Abigail,\n                1744-1818","Adams, John\n                Quincy, 1767-1848","Dickinson,\n                John, 1732-1808","Gates,\n                Horatio, 1728-1806","Greene,\n                Nathanael, 1742-1786","Hosack,\n                David, 1769-1835","Jefferson, Thomas,\n                1743-1826","Waterhouse, Benjamin, 1754-1846","McHenry,\n                James, 1753-1816","Madison,\n                James, 1751-1836","Paine,\n                Thomas, 1737-1809","Pascalis Ouviere,\n                Felix, 1762-1833","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813 -- Medical inquiries and\n              observations upon the diseases of the mind","Pickering,\n                Timothy, 1745-1829","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Howe , William Howe, Viscount, 1729-1814","Shippen, William, 1712-1801","McHenry, James, 1753-1816.","Greene, Nathanael, 1742-1786","Read, Jacob, 1752-1816","Bayard, John Bubenheim, 1738-1807","Armstrong, John, 1758-1843","Paley, William, 1743-1805 -- Principles of moral and political\n              philosophy","Sproat, James, 1722-1793","Clymer, George, 1739-1813","Newton, John, 1725-1807 -- Cardiphonia","Thornton, James, 1727-1794","Sharp , Granville, 1735-1813","Grafton, Augustus Henry Fitzroy, Duke of, 1735-1811","Potter, Nathaniel, 1770-1843.","Bostock, John, 1773-1846","Bostock, John, 1740-1774","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","Jones, Walter, 1745-1815","Miller, Samuel, 1769-1850","Rodgers, John, 1727-1811","Eustis, William, 1753-1825","Mease, James, 1771-1846.","Hosack, David, 1769-1835.","Cullen, William, 1710-1790","Washington, George,\n                1732-1799","Wayne,\n                Anthony, 1745-1796","Rush, Richard,\n              1780-1859","Rush, Julia\n              Stockton"],"language_ssim":["English","Materials are in\n        English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":151,"online_item_count_is":147,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"rushbenjaminandjulia","timestamp":"2025-02-18T22:58:44.624Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"rushbenjaminandjulia","title_ssm":["Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers"],"title_tesim":["Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers"],"ead_ssi":"rushbenjaminandjulia","unitdate_ssm":["1766-1845 and undated"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1766-1845 and undated"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RL.11044"],"text":["RL.11044","Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers, bulk 1766-1845 and undated","United States -- History -- Revolution, 1775-1783 -- Medical\n        care","United States -- Politics and government -- 1775-1783","Physicians -- Records and correspondence.","Medicine -- Study and teaching -- Pennsylvania --\n        Philadelphia","Mental illness -- Treatment -- United States -- History -- 19th\n        century","Yellow Fever -- Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia","Diaries","Collection is open for research.","Arranged into the following series: Letters, Writings, Financial Records, and Legal\n        Documents and Educational Records.","Benjamin Rush was a physician, politician, social reformer, educator and humanitarian, as\n        well as the founder of Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. He married Julia\n        Stockton in 1776.","Benjamin Rush 1746 January 4 Born, in Byberry Township, Pa. 1760 Graduated with A. B., College of New Jersey (Princeton) 1761-1766 Medical apprenticeship, College of Philadelphia medical department 1768 Completed medical degree, University of Edinburgh 1769 Began medical practice in Philadelphia Appointed Professor of Chemistry in College of Philadelphia's medical\n              department 1776 Took his seat in Second Continental Congress 1776 August 2 Signed Declaration of Independence 1777 April Commissioned Surgeon General of Middle Department of the Continental Army 1778 Resigned from the Army Became lecturer at University of the State of Pennsylvania 1783 Helped found Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pa. 1784-1813 Surgeon at Pennsylvania Hospital, with responsibility for psychiatric\n              ward 1797-1813 Treasurer of the U.S. Mint 1813 Died ","Julia Stockton Rush 1759 Born, at \"Morven\" family estate near Princeton, N.J. 1776 Married Benjamin Rush; the couple went on to have 13 children 1848 Died at their county property, \"Sydenham\" (now 15th Street and Columbus Ave,\n              Philadelphia)","Sarah Eve diary, 1772-1773. Eve was the daughter of ship captain and merchant Oswell Eve,\n        and the fiancee of Benjamin Rush until her death on 4 Dec. 1774, three weeks before the date\n        set for their marriage.","The Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers include letters, writings, financial records, a\n        few legal documents and one educational record. ","Benjamin Rush's personal and professional outgoing letters, with some incoming letters,\n        cover a wide variety of topics, but focus primarily on medical concerns, particularly the\n        1793 and other yellow fever epidemics in Philadelphia, as well as mental illness and its\n        treatment, and the medical department of the Continental Army. ","There are a few letters from others to Julia Stockton Rush that seek to continue ties with\n        her and the Rush family or offer condolences following Benjamin's death. Collection also\n        contains a medical case book and a fragment of an essay or lecture written by Benjamin Rush,\n        along with his travel diary for a trip to meet with the Board of Trustees for Dickinson\n        College in 178[4]; other writings include Julia Rush's devotional journal and exercise book. ","The financial records include a few statements and receipts, but primarily contain two\n        account books, one maintained by Benjamin Rush, the other by Rush with his wife. These\n        account books provide a complete picture of the family finances from the period before the\n        couple married, almost to Julia's death. ","Legal documents include a sworn statement and a land patent, and there is an educational\n        record for one of Rush's students.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library.","The Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush\n        papers include letters, writings, financial records, a few legal documents and one\n        educational record. Benjamin Rush's personal and professional outgoing letters, with some\n        incoming letters, cover a wide variety of topics, but focus primarily on medical concerns,\n        particularly the 1793 and other yellow fever epidemics in Philadelphia, as well as mental\n        illness and its treatment, and the medical department of the Continental Army. There are a\n        few letters from others to Julia Stockton Rush that seek to continue ties with her and the\n        Rush family or offer condolences following Benjamin's death. Collection also contains a\n        medical case book and a fragment of an essay or lecture written by Benjamin Rush, along with\n        his travel diary for a trip to meet with the Board of Trustees for Dickinson College in\n        178[4]; other writings include Julia Rush's devotional journal and exercise book. The\n        financial records include a few statements and receipts, but primarily contain two account\n        books, one maintained by Benjamin Rush, the other by Rush with his wife. These account books\n        provide a complete picture of the family finances from the period before the couple married,\n        almost to Julia's death. Legal documents include a sworn statement and a land patent, and\n        there is an educational record for one of Rush's students. ","David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","Dickinson College","University of Pennsylvania -- Faculty","University of Pennsylvania","St. Thomas' Church (Philadelphia, Pa.) -- History","College of Philadelphia. Medical School","Rush family","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Adams, Abigail,\n                1744-1818","Adams, John\n                Quincy, 1767-1848","Dickinson,\n                John, 1732-1808","Gates,\n                Horatio, 1728-1806","Greene,\n                Nathanael, 1742-1786","Hosack,\n                David, 1769-1835","Jefferson, Thomas,\n                1743-1826","Waterhouse, Benjamin, 1754-1846","McHenry,\n                James, 1753-1816","Madison,\n                James, 1751-1836","Paine,\n                Thomas, 1737-1809","Pascalis Ouviere,\n                Felix, 1762-1833","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813 -- Medical inquiries and\n              observations upon the diseases of the mind","Pickering,\n                Timothy, 1745-1829","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Howe , William Howe, Viscount, 1729-1814","Shippen, William, 1712-1801","McHenry, James, 1753-1816.","Greene, Nathanael, 1742-1786","Read, Jacob, 1752-1816","Bayard, John Bubenheim, 1738-1807","Armstrong, John, 1758-1843","Paley, William, 1743-1805 -- Principles of moral and political\n              philosophy","Sproat, James, 1722-1793","Clymer, George, 1739-1813","Newton, John, 1725-1807 -- Cardiphonia","Thornton, James, 1727-1794","Sharp , Granville, 1735-1813","Grafton, Augustus Henry Fitzroy, Duke of, 1735-1811","Potter, Nathaniel, 1770-1843.","Bostock, John, 1773-1846","Bostock, John, 1740-1774","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","Jones, Walter, 1745-1815","Miller, Samuel, 1769-1850","Rodgers, John, 1727-1811","Eustis, William, 1753-1825","Mease, James, 1771-1846.","Hosack, David, 1769-1835.","Cullen, William, 1710-1790","Washington, George,\n                1732-1799","Wayne,\n                Anthony, 1745-1796","Rush, Richard,\n              1780-1859","Rush, Julia\n              Stockton","English","Materials are in\n        English."],"unitid_tesim":["RL.11044"],"normalized_date_ssm":["bulk 1766-1845 and undated"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers, bulk 1766-1845 and undated"],"collection_title_tesim":["Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers, bulk 1766-1845 and undated"],"collection_ssim":["Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers, bulk 1766-1845 and undated"],"repository_ssm":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"repository_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- History -- Revolution, 1775-1783 -- Medical\n        care","United States -- Politics and government -- 1775-1783"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- History -- Revolution, 1775-1783 -- Medical\n        care","United States -- Politics and government -- 1775-1783"],"creator_ssm":["Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813"],"creator_ssim":["Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813"],"creators_ssim":["Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813"],"places_ssim":["United States -- History -- Revolution, 1775-1783 -- Medical\n        care","United States -- Politics and government -- 1775-1783"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Physicians -- Records and correspondence.","Medicine -- Study and teaching -- Pennsylvania --\n        Philadelphia","Mental illness -- Treatment -- United States -- History -- 19th\n        century","Yellow Fever -- Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia","Diaries"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Physicians -- Records and correspondence.","Medicine -- Study and teaching -- Pennsylvania --\n        Philadelphia","Mental illness -- Treatment -- United States -- History -- 19th\n        century","Yellow Fever -- Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia","Diaries"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["0.8 Linear Feet 3 boxes, 2 volumes"],"extent_tesim":["0.8 Linear Feet 3 boxes, 2 volumes"],"genreform_ssim":["Diaries"],"date_range_isim":[1766,1767,1768,1769,1770,1771,1772,1773,1774,1775,1776,1777,1778,1779,1780,1781,1782,1783,1784,1785,1786,1787,1788,1789,1790,1791,1792,1793,1794,1795,1796,1797,1798,1799,1800,1801,1802,1803,1804,1805,1806,1807,1808,1809,1810,1811,1812,1813,1814,1815,1816,1817,1818,1819,1820,1821,1822,1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eArranged into the following series: Letters, Writings, Financial Records, and Legal\n        Documents and Educational Records.\u003c/p\u003e"],"arrangement_heading_ssm":["Arrangement"],"arrangement_tesim":["Arranged into the following series: Letters, Writings, Financial Records, and Legal\n        Documents and Educational Records."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Rush was a physician, politician, social reformer, educator and humanitarian, as\n        well as the founder of Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. He married Julia\n        Stockton in 1776.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cchronlist\u003e\n        \u003chead\u003eBenjamin Rush\u003c/head\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1746 January 4\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eBorn, in Byberry Township, Pa.\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1760\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eGraduated with A. B., College of New Jersey (Princeton)\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1761-1766\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eMedical apprenticeship, College of Philadelphia medical department\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1768\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eCompleted medical degree, University of Edinburgh\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1769\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eBegan medical practice in Philadelphia\u003c/event\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eAppointed Professor of Chemistry in College of Philadelphia's medical\n              department\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1776\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eTook his seat in Second Continental Congress\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1776 August 2\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eSigned Declaration of Independence\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1777 April\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eCommissioned Surgeon General of Middle Department of the Continental Army\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1778\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eResigned from the Army\u003c/event\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eBecame lecturer at University of the State of Pennsylvania\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1783\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eHelped found Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pa.\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1784-1813\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eSurgeon at Pennsylvania Hospital, with responsibility for psychiatric\n              ward\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1797-1813\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eTreasurer of the U.S. Mint\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1813\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eDied \u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003c/chronlist\u003e","\u003cchronlist\u003e\n        \u003chead\u003eJulia Stockton Rush\u003c/head\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1759\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eBorn, at \"Morven\" family estate near Princeton, N.J.\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1776\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eMarried Benjamin Rush; the couple went on to have 13 children\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1848\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eDied at their county property, \"Sydenham\" (now 15th Street and Columbus Ave,\n              Philadelphia)\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003c/chronlist\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Benjamin Rush was a physician, politician, social reformer, educator and humanitarian, as\n        well as the founder of Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania. He married Julia\n        Stockton in 1776.","Benjamin Rush 1746 January 4 Born, in Byberry Township, Pa. 1760 Graduated with A. B., College of New Jersey (Princeton) 1761-1766 Medical apprenticeship, College of Philadelphia medical department 1768 Completed medical degree, University of Edinburgh 1769 Began medical practice in Philadelphia Appointed Professor of Chemistry in College of Philadelphia's medical\n              department 1776 Took his seat in Second Continental Congress 1776 August 2 Signed Declaration of Independence 1777 April Commissioned Surgeon General of Middle Department of the Continental Army 1778 Resigned from the Army Became lecturer at University of the State of Pennsylvania 1783 Helped found Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pa. 1784-1813 Surgeon at Pennsylvania Hospital, with responsibility for psychiatric\n              ward 1797-1813 Treasurer of the U.S. Mint 1813 Died ","Julia Stockton Rush 1759 Born, at \"Morven\" family estate near Princeton, N.J. 1776 Married Benjamin Rush; the couple went on to have 13 children 1848 Died at their county property, \"Sydenham\" (now 15th Street and Columbus Ave,\n              Philadelphia)"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers, 1766-1845 and undated,\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library, Duke University.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers, 1766-1845 and undated,\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library, Duke University."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eSarah Eve diary, 1772-1773. Eve was the daughter of ship captain and merchant Oswell Eve,\n        and the fiancee of Benjamin Rush until her death on 4 Dec. 1774, three weeks before the date\n        set for their marriage.\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Materials"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["Sarah Eve diary, 1772-1773. Eve was the daughter of ship captain and merchant Oswell Eve,\n        and the fiancee of Benjamin Rush until her death on 4 Dec. 1774, three weeks before the date\n        set for their marriage."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers include letters, writings, financial records, a\n        few legal documents and one educational record. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eBenjamin Rush's personal and professional outgoing letters, with some incoming letters,\n        cover a wide variety of topics, but focus primarily on medical concerns, particularly the\n        1793 and other yellow fever epidemics in Philadelphia, as well as mental illness and its\n        treatment, and the medical department of the Continental Army. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThere are a few letters from others to Julia Stockton Rush that seek to continue ties with\n        her and the Rush family or offer condolences following Benjamin's death. Collection also\n        contains a medical case book and a fragment of an essay or lecture written by Benjamin Rush,\n        along with his travel diary for a trip to meet with the Board of Trustees for Dickinson\n        College in 178[4]; other writings include Julia Rush's devotional journal and exercise book. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe financial records include a few statements and receipts, but primarily contain two\n        account books, one maintained by Benjamin Rush, the other by Rush with his wife. These\n        account books provide a complete picture of the family finances from the period before the\n        couple married, almost to Julia's death. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eLegal documents include a sworn statement and a land patent, and there is an educational\n        record for one of Rush's students.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Collection Overview"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers include letters, writings, financial records, a\n        few legal documents and one educational record. ","Benjamin Rush's personal and professional outgoing letters, with some incoming letters,\n        cover a wide variety of topics, but focus primarily on medical concerns, particularly the\n        1793 and other yellow fever epidemics in Philadelphia, as well as mental illness and its\n        treatment, and the medical department of the Continental Army. ","There are a few letters from others to Julia Stockton Rush that seek to continue ties with\n        her and the Rush family or offer condolences following Benjamin's death. Collection also\n        contains a medical case book and a fragment of an essay or lecture written by Benjamin Rush,\n        along with his travel diary for a trip to meet with the Board of Trustees for Dickinson\n        College in 178[4]; other writings include Julia Rush's devotional journal and exercise book. ","The financial records include a few statements and receipts, but primarily contain two\n        account books, one maintained by Benjamin Rush, the other by Rush with his wife. These\n        account books provide a complete picture of the family finances from the period before the\n        couple married, almost to Julia's death. ","Legal documents include a sworn statement and a land patent, and there is an educational\n        record for one of Rush's students."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_3fbc83697b6a5a62d0eb0f3a669ea271\"\u003eThe Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush\n        papers include letters, writings, financial records, a few legal documents and one\n        educational record. Benjamin Rush's personal and professional outgoing letters, with some\n        incoming letters, cover a wide variety of topics, but focus primarily on medical concerns,\n        particularly the 1793 and other yellow fever epidemics in Philadelphia, as well as mental\n        illness and its treatment, and the medical department of the Continental Army. There are a\n        few letters from others to Julia Stockton Rush that seek to continue ties with her and the\n        Rush family or offer condolences following Benjamin's death. Collection also contains a\n        medical case book and a fragment of an essay or lecture written by Benjamin Rush, along with\n        his travel diary for a trip to meet with the Board of Trustees for Dickinson College in\n        178[4]; other writings include Julia Rush's devotional journal and exercise book. The\n        financial records include a few statements and receipts, but primarily contain two account\n        books, one maintained by Benjamin Rush, the other by Rush with his wife. These account books\n        provide a complete picture of the family finances from the period before the couple married,\n        almost to Julia's death. Legal documents include a sworn statement and a land patent, and\n        there is an educational record for one of Rush's students. \u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush\n        papers include letters, writings, financial records, a few legal documents and one\n        educational record. Benjamin Rush's personal and professional outgoing letters, with some\n        incoming letters, cover a wide variety of topics, but focus primarily on medical concerns,\n        particularly the 1793 and other yellow fever epidemics in Philadelphia, as well as mental\n        illness and its treatment, and the medical department of the Continental Army. There are a\n        few letters from others to Julia Stockton Rush that seek to continue ties with her and the\n        Rush family or offer condolences following Benjamin's death. Collection also contains a\n        medical case book and a fragment of an essay or lecture written by Benjamin Rush, along with\n        his travel diary for a trip to meet with the Board of Trustees for Dickinson College in\n        178[4]; other writings include Julia Rush's devotional journal and exercise book. The\n        financial records include a few statements and receipts, but primarily contain two account\n        books, one maintained by Benjamin Rush, the other by Rush with his wife. These account books\n        provide a complete picture of the family finances from the period before the couple married,\n        almost to Julia's death. Legal documents include a sworn statement and a land patent, and\n        there is an educational record for one of Rush's students. "],"names_coll_ssim":["Dickinson College","Rush, Julia Stockton"],"names_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","Dickinson College","University of Pennsylvania -- Faculty","University of Pennsylvania","St. Thomas' Church (Philadelphia, Pa.) -- History","College of Philadelphia. Medical School","Rush family","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Adams, Abigail,\n                1744-1818","Adams, John\n                Quincy, 1767-1848","Dickinson,\n                John, 1732-1808","Gates,\n                Horatio, 1728-1806","Greene,\n                Nathanael, 1742-1786","Hosack,\n                David, 1769-1835","Jefferson, Thomas,\n                1743-1826","Waterhouse, Benjamin, 1754-1846","McHenry,\n                James, 1753-1816","Madison,\n                James, 1751-1836","Paine,\n                Thomas, 1737-1809","Pascalis Ouviere,\n                Felix, 1762-1833","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813 -- Medical inquiries and\n              observations upon the diseases of the mind","Pickering,\n                Timothy, 1745-1829","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Howe , William Howe, Viscount, 1729-1814","Shippen, William, 1712-1801","McHenry, James, 1753-1816.","Greene, Nathanael, 1742-1786","Read, Jacob, 1752-1816","Bayard, John Bubenheim, 1738-1807","Armstrong, John, 1758-1843","Paley, William, 1743-1805 -- Principles of moral and political\n              philosophy","Sproat, James, 1722-1793","Clymer, George, 1739-1813","Newton, John, 1725-1807 -- Cardiphonia","Thornton, James, 1727-1794","Sharp , Granville, 1735-1813","Grafton, Augustus Henry Fitzroy, Duke of, 1735-1811","Potter, Nathaniel, 1770-1843.","Bostock, John, 1773-1846","Bostock, John, 1740-1774","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","Jones, Walter, 1745-1815","Miller, Samuel, 1769-1850","Rodgers, John, 1727-1811","Eustis, William, 1753-1825","Mease, James, 1771-1846.","Hosack, David, 1769-1835.","Cullen, William, 1710-1790","Washington, George,\n                1732-1799","Wayne,\n                Anthony, 1745-1796","Rush, Richard,\n              1780-1859","Rush, Julia\n              Stockton"],"corpname_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","Dickinson College","University of Pennsylvania -- Faculty","University of Pennsylvania","St. Thomas' Church (Philadelphia, Pa.) -- History","College of Philadelphia. Medical School"],"famname_ssim":["Rush family"],"persname_ssim":["Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","Rush, Julia Stockton","Adams, Abigail,\n                1744-1818","Adams, John\n                Quincy, 1767-1848","Dickinson,\n                John, 1732-1808","Gates,\n                Horatio, 1728-1806","Greene,\n                Nathanael, 1742-1786","Hosack,\n                David, 1769-1835","Jefferson, Thomas,\n                1743-1826","Waterhouse, Benjamin, 1754-1846","McHenry,\n                James, 1753-1816","Madison,\n                James, 1751-1836","Paine,\n                Thomas, 1737-1809","Pascalis Ouviere,\n                Felix, 1762-1833","Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813 -- Medical inquiries and\n              observations upon the diseases of the mind","Pickering,\n                Timothy, 1745-1829","Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","Howe , William Howe, Viscount, 1729-1814","Shippen, William, 1712-1801","McHenry, James, 1753-1816.","Greene, Nathanael, 1742-1786","Read, Jacob, 1752-1816","Bayard, John Bubenheim, 1738-1807","Armstrong, John, 1758-1843","Paley, William, 1743-1805 -- Principles of moral and political\n              philosophy","Sproat, James, 1722-1793","Clymer, George, 1739-1813","Newton, John, 1725-1807 -- Cardiphonia","Thornton, James, 1727-1794","Sharp , Granville, 1735-1813","Grafton, Augustus Henry Fitzroy, Duke of, 1735-1811","Potter, Nathaniel, 1770-1843.","Bostock, John, 1773-1846","Bostock, John, 1740-1774","Jefferson, Thomas, 1743-1826","Jones, Walter, 1745-1815","Miller, Samuel, 1769-1850","Rodgers, John, 1727-1811","Eustis, William, 1753-1825","Mease, James, 1771-1846.","Hosack, David, 1769-1835.","Cullen, William, 1710-1790","Washington, George,\n                1732-1799","Wayne,\n                Anthony, 1745-1796","Rush, Richard,\n              1780-1859","Rush, Julia\n              Stockton"],"language_ssim":["English","Materials are in\n        English."],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":151,"online_item_count_is":147,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"rushbenjaminandjulia","timestamp":"2025-02-18T22:58:44.624Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/rushbenjaminandjulia"}},{"id":"m2117-xml_aspace_9fceed7faaaa17e034449726e90551d2","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"\"Memorial Chimes\" boxed funeral album and papers","highlight":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/m2117-xml_aspace_9fceed7faaaa17e034449726e90551d2#highlight","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\"Memorial Chimes\" boxed funeral album and \u003cem\u003epapers\u003c/em\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eKojima family \u003cem\u003epapers\u003c/em\u003e, c. 1931-1960","label":"Highlight"}},"abstract_or_scope":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/m2117-xml_aspace_9fceed7faaaa17e034449726e90551d2#abstract_or_scope","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cp\u003eContains material regarding the death and service items, billing, arrangements, visitors book and condolences pertaining to Kenji Kojima (1886 - 1947), husband of Ishi K and father of Roshiko and Minoru. Includes memorial stone biling (with design) from Thos. Holmes and Sons Pasadena, items from Mountain View Cemetery and Crematorium in Pasadena CA, Los Angeles Co. hospital bills, receipts, sympathy cards, a small spiral notebook with date of 1947 at the hospital written entirely in columned Japanese, noting one name in English - the wake arrangements were held at the Edwards and Cummings funeral directors location in Pasadena. Adapted from seller's information.\u003c/p\u003e","label":"Abstract Or Scope"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/m2117-xml_aspace_9fceed7faaaa17e034449726e90551d2#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_9fceed7faaaa17e034449726e90551d2","ref_ssm":["aspace_9fceed7faaaa17e034449726e90551d2","aspace_9fceed7faaaa17e034449726e90551d2"],"id":"m2117-xml_aspace_9fceed7faaaa17e034449726e90551d2","title_filing_ssi":"\"Memorial Chimes\" boxed funeral album and papers","title_ssm":["\"Memorial Chimes\" boxed funeral album and papers"],"title_tesim":["\"Memorial Chimes\" boxed funeral album and papers"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"Memorial Chimes\" boxed funeral album and papers"],"text":["\"Memorial Chimes\" boxed funeral album and papers","Kojima family papers, c. 1931-1960","flat-box 4","Contains material regarding the death and service items, billing, arrangements, visitors book and condolences pertaining to Kenji Kojima (1886 - 1947), husband of Ishi K and father of Roshiko and Minoru. Includes memorial stone biling (with design) from Thos. Holmes and Sons Pasadena, items from Mountain View Cemetery and Crematorium in Pasadena CA, Los Angeles Co. hospital bills, receipts, sympathy cards, a small spiral notebook with date of 1947 at the hospital written entirely in columned Japanese, noting one name in English - the wake arrangements were held at the Edwards and Cummings funeral directors location in Pasadena. Adapted from seller's information."],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ssim":["m2117-xml"],"parent_ssi":"m2117-xml","parent_ids_ssim":["m2117-xml"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Kojima family papers, c. 1931-1960"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Kojima family papers, c. 1931-1960"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"repository_ssim":["Stanford University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Kojima family papers, c. 1931-1960"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":30,"parent_access_terms_tesm":["While Special Collections is the owner of the physical and digital items, permission to examine collection materials is not an authorization to publish. These materials are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study. Any transmission or reproduction beyond that allowed by fair use requires permission from the owners of rights, heir(s) or assigns."],"containers_ssim":["flat-box 4"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eContains material regarding the death and service items, billing, arrangements, visitors book and condolences pertaining to Kenji Kojima (1886 - 1947), husband of Ishi K and father of Roshiko and Minoru. Includes memorial stone biling (with design) from Thos. Holmes and Sons Pasadena, items from Mountain View Cemetery and Crematorium in Pasadena CA, Los Angeles Co. hospital bills, receipts, sympathy cards, a small spiral notebook with date of 1947 at the hospital written entirely in columned Japanese, noting one name in English - the wake arrangements were held at the Edwards and Cummings funeral directors location in Pasadena. Adapted from seller's information.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Contains material regarding the death and service items, billing, arrangements, visitors book and condolences pertaining to Kenji Kojima (1886 - 1947), husband of Ishi K and father of Roshiko and Minoru. Includes memorial stone biling (with design) from Thos. Holmes and Sons Pasadena, items from Mountain View Cemetery and Crematorium in Pasadena CA, Los Angeles Co. hospital bills, receipts, sympathy cards, a small spiral notebook with date of 1947 at the hospital written entirely in columned Japanese, noting one name in English - the wake arrangements were held at the Edwards and Cummings funeral directors location in Pasadena. Adapted from seller's information."],"_nest_path_":"/components#29","_nest_parent_":"m2117-xml","_root_":"m2117-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:09:59.018Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"m2117-xml","title_filing_ssi":"Kojima family papers","title_ssm":["Kojima family papers"],"title_tesim":["Kojima family papers"],"ead_ssi":"m2117.xml","unitdate_ssm":["c. 1931-1960"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["c. 1931-1960"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M2117"],"text":["M2117","Kojima family papers, c. 1931-1960","Japanese Americans -- California -- History -- 20th century","Kenji Kojima (1886-1947) and Ichi Kojima (born 1894) initially arrived in the United States in 1912 and settled in San Diego. Toshiko Kojima, their daughter, was born in San Diego in 1919, and her brother Minoru was born a few years later in 1923. Toshiko graduated from San Diego State College and went on to be an artist known for wood engraving. Minoru took up dentistry, establishing a practice in National City, CA, and eventually became part of the U.S. armed forces as a dentist. During World War II, the Kojima family was sent to an internment camp in Poston, Arizona, to which they occasionally allude in their letters.","The materials include loose photographs, a photograph album, letters, ephemera such as Toshiko's school records, a \"Memorial Chimes\" boxed funeral album regarding Kenji Kojima, and other materials relating to the Kojima family and their struggle to re-establish their lives after World War II. Including over 120 letters, circa 1948-1960, most with their original mailing envelopes sent to Toshiko Kojima in New York City from her brother Minoru in Pasadena and other locations in California as well as when he was in the military, and letters from her mother Ichi Kojima in Pasadena.","Open for research. Note that material must be requested at least 36 hours in advance of intended use.","While Special Collections is the owner of the physical and digital items, permission to examine collection materials is not an authorization to publish. These materials are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study. Any transmission or reproduction beyond that allowed by fair use requires permission from the owners of rights, heir(s) or assigns.","Special Collections and University Archives materials are stored offsite and must be paged 36 hours in advance.","Department of Special Collections and University Archives","Kojima, Minoru","Kojima, Ishi","Kojima, Toshiko, 1919-","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M2117"],"normalized_date_ssm":["c. 1931-1960"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Kojima family papers, c. 1931-1960"],"collection_title_tesim":["Kojima family papers, c. 1931-1960"],"collection_ssim":["Kojima family papers, c. 1931-1960"],"repository_ssm":["Stanford University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Stanford University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Kojima, Minoru","Kojima, Ishi"],"creator_ssim":["Kojima, Minoru","Kojima, Ishi"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Kojima, Minoru","Kojima, Ishi"],"creators_ssim":["Kojima, Minoru","Kojima, Ishi"],"access_terms_ssm":["Open for research. Note that material must be requested at least 36 hours in advance of intended use.","While Special Collections is the owner of the physical and digital items, permission to examine collection materials is not an authorization to publish. These materials are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study. Any transmission or reproduction beyond that allowed by fair use requires permission from the owners of rights, heir(s) or assigns."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was purchased for Stanford University, Special Collections in March 2014."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Japanese Americans -- California -- History -- 20th century"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Japanese Americans -- California -- History -- 20th century"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["4 Linear Feet (2 boxes, 2 flat boxes)"],"extent_tesim":["4 Linear Feet (2 boxes, 2 flat boxes)"],"date_range_isim":[1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eKenji Kojima (1886-1947) and Ichi Kojima (born 1894) initially arrived in the United States in 1912 and settled in San Diego. Toshiko Kojima, their daughter, was born in San Diego in 1919, and her brother Minoru was born a few years later in 1923. Toshiko graduated from San Diego State College and went on to be an artist known for wood engraving. Minoru took up dentistry, establishing a practice in National City, CA, and eventually became part of the U.S. armed forces as a dentist. During World War II, the Kojima family was sent to an internment camp in Poston, Arizona, to which they occasionally allude in their letters.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Kenji Kojima (1886-1947) and Ichi Kojima (born 1894) initially arrived in the United States in 1912 and settled in San Diego. Toshiko Kojima, their daughter, was born in San Diego in 1919, and her brother Minoru was born a few years later in 1923. Toshiko graduated from San Diego State College and went on to be an artist known for wood engraving. Minoru took up dentistry, establishing a practice in National City, CA, and eventually became part of the U.S. armed forces as a dentist. During World War II, the Kojima family was sent to an internment camp in Poston, Arizona, to which they occasionally allude in their letters."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[identification of item], Kojima family papers, circa 1939-1960 (M2117). Dept. of Special Collections and University Archives, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, Calif.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[identification of item], Kojima family papers, circa 1939-1960 (M2117). Dept. of Special Collections and University Archives, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, Calif."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe materials include loose photographs, a photograph album, letters, ephemera such as Toshiko's school records, a \"Memorial Chimes\" boxed funeral album regarding Kenji Kojima, and other materials relating to the Kojima family and their struggle to re-establish their lives after World War II. Including over 120 letters, circa 1948-1960, most with their original mailing envelopes sent to Toshiko Kojima in New York City from her brother Minoru in Pasadena and other locations in California as well as when he was in the military, and letters from her mother Ichi Kojima in Pasadena.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Content Description"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The materials include loose photographs, a photograph album, letters, ephemera such as Toshiko's school records, a \"Memorial Chimes\" boxed funeral album regarding Kenji Kojima, and other materials relating to the Kojima family and their struggle to re-establish their lives after World War II. Including over 120 letters, circa 1948-1960, most with their original mailing envelopes sent to Toshiko Kojima in New York City from her brother Minoru in Pasadena and other locations in California as well as when he was in the military, and letters from her mother Ichi Kojima in Pasadena."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eOpen for research. Note that material must be requested at least 36 hours in advance of intended use.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eWhile Special Collections is the owner of the physical and digital items, permission to examine collection materials is not an authorization to publish. These materials are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study. Any transmission or reproduction beyond that allowed by fair use requires permission from the owners of rights, heir(s) or assigns.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use","Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Open for research. Note that material must be requested at least 36 hours in advance of intended use.","While Special Collections is the owner of the physical and digital items, permission to examine collection materials is not an authorization to publish. These materials are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study. Any transmission or reproduction beyond that allowed by fair use requires permission from the owners of rights, heir(s) or assigns."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc audience=\"internal\" id=\"aspace_3b512b0a31685771a8e5f79f024a2c71\"\u003eSpecial Collections and University Archives materials are stored offsite and must be paged 36 hours in advance.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Special Collections and University Archives materials are stored offsite and must be paged 36 hours in advance."],"names_ssim":["Department of Special Collections and University Archives","Kojima, Minoru","Kojima, Ishi","Kojima, Toshiko, 1919-"],"corpname_ssim":["Department of Special Collections and University Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Kojima, Minoru","Kojima, Ishi","Kojima, Toshiko, 1919-"],"persname_ssim":["Kojima, Minoru","Kojima, Ishi","Kojima, Toshiko, 1919-"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":31,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"m2117-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:09:59.018Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/m2117-xml_aspace_9fceed7faaaa17e034449726e90551d2"}},{"id":"ahstephens_aspace_ref80_f0q","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (2 folders)","highlight":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ahstephens_aspace_ref80_f0q#highlight","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Financial \u003cem\u003ePapers\u003c/em\u003e, 1840-1880, undated (2 folders)\u003cbr/\u003eAlexander H. Stephens \u003cem\u003epapers\u003c/em\u003e, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)\u003cbr/\u003eFinancial \u003cem\u003ePapers\u003c/em\u003e, 1836-1880","label":"Highlight"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ahstephens_aspace_ref80_f0q#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_ref80_f0q","ref_ssm":["aspace_ref80_f0q","aspace_ref80_f0q"],"id":"ahstephens_aspace_ref80_f0q","title_filing_ssi":"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (2 folders)","title_ssm":["Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (2 folders)"],"title_tesim":["Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (2 folders)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (2 folders)"],"text":["Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (2 folders)","Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","Financial Papers, 1836-1880","box 7"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["ahstephens","aspace_ref74_ckc"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_ref74_ckc","parent_ids_ssim":["ahstephens","ahstephens_aspace_ref74_ckc"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","Financial Papers, 1836-1880"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","Financial Papers, 1836-1880"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"collection_ssim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":63,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Collection is open for research."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"digital_objects_ssm":["{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3745\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r32f7k13g\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3746\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3sx64k4q\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3747\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r30g3h760\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3748\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3474720r\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3749\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3804xv5k\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3750\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3707wx5w\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3751\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3gf0n516\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3752\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3br8mq9q\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3753\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3tb0z48x\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3754\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r32v2ck7b\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3755\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3z31nz28\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3756\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3fb4ww1p\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3757\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r39k46286\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3758\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3kk94n0h\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3759\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3v40k77g\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3760\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3qb9vf3s\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3761\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3ns0m636\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3762\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3j09wc8q\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3763\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3sj1b07b\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3764\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3ht2gk97\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3765\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3ng4h115\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3766\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3d21rs6w\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3767\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3jh3db9v\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3768\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3p844524\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3769\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3f47h39r\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3770\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3pk07b45\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3771\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3jw86x3s\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3772\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3vq2sm1m\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3773\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3m61c049\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3774\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3qz22s77\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3775\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3zg6gg6j\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3776\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3377641j\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3777\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3tq5rp2d\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3778\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r35t3g83k\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3779\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3222rf94\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3780\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3x921t44\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3781\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3b56dd45\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3782\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r36d5pm01\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3783\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3fx7467h\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3784\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r38g8fs0t\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3785\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3d795k3g\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3786\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r34t6fb89\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3787\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3901zr3v\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3788\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3dr2pj7p\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3789\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3gh9bk3x\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3790\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3br8mr8p\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3791\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r31v5bp6m\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3792\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3x34n21z\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3793\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r39c6s95m\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3794\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r35m62h1v\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3795\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3pz51v81\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3796\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3fj29n48\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3797\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3k64b24m\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 1 of 2), letter 3798\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r32n4zs68\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3799\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r34j0b56t\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3800\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r30r9mc24\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3801\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r38912012\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3802\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r35717x7h\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3803\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3zg6gh41\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3804\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3tq5rq0w\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3805\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3707wz3c\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3806\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3377649d\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3807\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3pz51w70\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3808\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r39s1kv04\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3809\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3hx16121\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3810\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3sb3x78p\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3811\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3np1wt6c\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3812\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3sj1b12c\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3813\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r38k7557g\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3814\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3db7w03t\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3815\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3nv99k8x\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3816\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3j38ks62\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3817\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3xw4851p\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3818\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3t43jb77\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3819\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3pc2tj4k\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3820\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3125qj5z\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3821\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3rj4936m\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3822\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3ms3k92g\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3823\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3w950x0z\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3824\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3r785x5n\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3825\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3mk65h3r\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3826\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3w08wq8x\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3827\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3610w24k\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3828\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r39s1kv80\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3829\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3fj29p37\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3830\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3k931g7c\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3831\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3wp9tg87\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3832\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r31g0j429\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3833\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3s17t26n\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3834\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3n87383c\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3835\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r34m91m04\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3836\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r38c9rd4w\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3837\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3d50g68k\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3838\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r30v89s6c\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3839\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3610w163\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3840\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3280572b\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3841\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3xg9fk7s\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3842\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3sq8qs25\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3843\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3nz80z8s\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3844\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3125qj9w\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3845\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r34t6fc3b\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3846\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3w950x5c\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3847\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3dz03989\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3848\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3jq0t416\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3849\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3959ch3f\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3850\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r37m0482c\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3851\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3c824p48\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3852\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3h12vg7j\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3853\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r33j3986k\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3854\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3gt5fq03\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3855\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3c24qw55\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3856\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3794130b\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3857\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3xg9fm58\"}","{\"label\":\"Financial Papers, 1840-1880, undated (folder 2 of 2), letter 3858\",\"href\":\"https://idn.duke.edu/ark:/87924/r3sq8qt14\"}"],"containers_ssim":["box 7"],"_nest_path_":"/components#1/components#4","_nest_parent_":"ahstephens_aspace_ref74_ckc","_root_":"ahstephens","timestamp":"2025-02-18T22:57:49.296Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"ahstephens","title_ssm":["Alexander H. Stephens papers"],"title_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers"],"ead_ssi":"ahstephens","unitdate_ssm":["1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["RL.10096"],"text":["RL.10096","Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees","Slavery -- Georgia","Collection is open for research.","Alexander Hamilton Stephens was born in Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia on\n        February 11, 1812 to Andrew B. and Margaret Grier Stephens. He graduated from Franklin\n        College (later the University of Georgia) in 1832, where he was a member of the Phi Kappa\n        Literary Society. He taught school for the next eighteen months while pursuing legal studies\n        and passed the bar in Georgia in 1834. Stephens maintained a successful law practice for\n        thirty-two years while simultaneously serving as an elected official in both state and\n        federal political realms and as Vice President of the Confederate States of America. He died\n        in 1883.","Chronology List 1836 Elected to the Georgia House of Representatives as a Whig; served until\n              1840 1842 Elected to the Georgia State Senate; served for one year. 1843 Elected to the United States Congress; served until 1859 1861 Elected to attend the Secession Convention of Georgia 1861 Elected Vice President of the Confederate States of America 1865 Arrested by the United States; served five months in prison 1866 Elected to the United States Senate but not allowed to take his seat 1873 Elected to United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of\n              Ambrose R. Wright; served until his resignation in 1882 1882 Elected Governor of Georgia 1883, March 4 Died in Georgia","Processed by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Encoded by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Multiple accessions were merged into one collection, described in this finding aid.","John Jordan Crittenden Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library Alfred Gumming\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Marmaduke Hamilton\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Paul Hamilton Hayne\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Alexander Hamilton Stephens Letters,\n            Microfilm, Manhattanville College David M.\n            Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","The collection includes correspondence, bills and receipts, financial papers, legal papers,\n        political papers, clippings and printed material and ranges in date from 1823-1954, with the\n        bulk dated 1823-1883. Due to preservation concerns, some items were copied onto acid-free\n        paper and stamped as preservation copies. The originals were placed in mylar and are located\n        in Box 7. Patrons should consult with Rubenstein Library staff before handling these\n        materials.","The vast majority of the collection is comprised of correspondence, covering the years\n        1823-1883. Many of the letters in the collection were written to Stephens, although there\n        are letters written in his own hand. Throughout the correspondence are letters written to\n        Stephens by various family members, most notably his brothers John and Linton. The bulk of\n        the correspondence pertains to Stephens' law work, regarding issues such as the settling of\n        estates and the collection of debts. The most prominent topics include family matters,\n        business and legal matters and Stephens' health. Given the expansive amount of\n        correspondence, below is a breakdown by decade of other topics which appear, in an effort to\n        assist the researcher in locating materials of interest:","Correspondence 1823-1839: Topics include States' Rights, slavery, and an Indian war in\n        Florida [possibly the Creek War]. There is a letter from Herschel V. Johnson who sought\n        advice from Stephens in 1839 regarding negotiations with a railroad company.","Correspondence 1840-1849: Topics include local and national politics/views, opinions about\n        President Martin Van Buren, \"agricultural politics,\" Thomas Dorr and the People's Party, the\n        purchasing of slaves, the 1843 Boston visit of President John Tyler and Vice President\n        Daniel Webster, Stephens' nomination to serve in the U. S. Congress, Whigs and Democrats\n        (Stephens was invited to attend several Whig-sponsored barbeques), and the death of\n        Stephens' brother Aaron. There is a letter from United States Representative Marshall\n        Johnson Wellborn which discusses the Judiciary Act (1841). There are also a substantial\n        number of letters written by and to John Bird and letters written to him and Stephens (they\n        were likely law partners). Of note are two letters written in 1844 by [Sarvis] Pearson\n        (presumably a client of Stephens or his firm) to his estranged wife Mary S. Pearson which\n        offer insight into the subject of divorce and marital discord of the time period.","Correspondence 1850-1859: Letters written by Stephens start to appear more frequently.\n        Topics include largely family and legal matters.","Correspondence 1860-1869: Topics include employment inquiries both pre- and post-Civil War,\n        autograph requests, Stephens' book about the Civil War, and the social history of a\n        post-Civil War Georgia. Items of note: There are petitions (1860) by Stephens' district\n        constituents asking him to address them about the presidential election. There are letters\n        asking him for permission to travel into the Union. There are a couple of letters written by\n        Stephens to Jefferson Davis. There is a letter from March 1860 to Pearce Stevons [Stephens]\n        by Rody Jordan, both of whom were not only brothers but slaves as well. The letter is likely\n        written by someone other than Jordan. A letter to Stephens in October 1866 states that his\n        former slave Pearce was charged with murder and asks for Stephens' legal counsel at Pearce's\n        request (he apparently complied based on a letter from 1869).","Correspondence 1870-1879: Topics include requests for employment and financial help,\n        requests for letters of recommendation, Linton Stephens' death, Stephens' paper the  Daily and Weekly Sun , the federal government, autograph requests,\n        and Stephens' work with the Committee on Standard Weights and Measures. Item of note: There\n        are documents from 1873 concerning an illegal distilling and corruption case in Georgia.","Correspondence 1880-1883: Topics includes Stephens' opinion of President James A. Garfield,\n        his bid for Governor, requests for financial help and letters of recommendation for men\n        interested in state posts appointed by the Governor, such as Physician of the Georgia\n        Penitentiary. Items of note: There is a letter dated 1883 signed by Secretary of War, Robert\n        Todd Lincoln. There are two letters from 1882 which offer some insight into African-American\n        involvement in Georgia politics.","The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library.","Alexander H. Stephens (1812-1883) was a\n        Georgia lawyer, politician and Vice President of the Confederate States of\n        America.","The collection includes a large amount\n        of correspondence as well as bills/receipts, financial papers, legal papers, political\n        papers, clippings and printed material. It ranges in date from 1823 to 1954, with the bulk\n        covering 1823-1883.","For current information on the location\n        of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog.","David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926","English"],"unitid_tesim":["RL.10096"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"collection_title_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"collection_ssim":["Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)"],"repository_ssm":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"repository_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library"],"geogname_ssm":["United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees"],"geogname_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees"],"creator_ssm":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"creator_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"creators_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883"],"places_ssim":["United States -- Politics and government -- 19th century","Southern States -- Economic conditions","Georgia -- Newspapers","Georgia -- Politics and government","Confederate States of America -- Politics and government","Georgia -- Economic conditions -- 19th century","Confederate States of America -- Officials and employees"],"access_terms_ssm":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The Alexander H. Stephens Papers were received by the David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n        Manuscript Library as purchases between 1946-1962."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Slavery -- Georgia"],"access_subjects_ssm":["Slavery -- Georgia"],"has_online_content_ssim":["true"],"extent_ssm":["8 Linear Feet","approx. 3,000\n          Items"],"extent_tesim":["8 Linear Feet","approx. 3,000\n          Items"],"date_range_isim":[1823,1824,1825,1826,1827,1828,1829,1830,1831,1832,1833,1834,1835,1836,1837,1838,1839,1840,1841,1842,1843,1844,1845,1846,1847,1848,1849,1850,1851,1852,1853,1854,1855,1856,1857,1858,1859,1860,1861,1862,1863,1864,1865,1866,1867,1868,1869,1870,1871,1872,1873,1874,1875,1876,1877,1878,1879,1880,1881,1882,1883,1884,1885,1886,1887,1888,1889,1890,1891,1892,1893,1894,1895,1896,1897,1898,1899,1900,1901,1902,1903,1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCollection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Collection is open for research."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAlexander Hamilton Stephens was born in Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia on\n        February 11, 1812 to Andrew B. and Margaret Grier Stephens. He graduated from Franklin\n        College (later the University of Georgia) in 1832, where he was a member of the Phi Kappa\n        Literary Society. He taught school for the next eighteen months while pursuing legal studies\n        and passed the bar in Georgia in 1834. Stephens maintained a successful law practice for\n        thirty-two years while simultaneously serving as an elected official in both state and\n        federal political realms and as Vice President of the Confederate States of America. He died\n        in 1883.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cchronlist\u003e\n        \u003chead\u003eChronology List\u003c/head\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1836\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the Georgia House of Representatives as a Whig; served until\n              1840\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1842\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the Georgia State Senate; served for one year.\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1843\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the United States Congress; served until 1859\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1861\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to attend the Secession Convention of Georgia\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1861\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected Vice President of the Confederate States of America\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1865\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eArrested by the United States; served five months in prison\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1866\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to the United States Senate but not allowed to take his seat\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1873\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected to United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of\n              Ambrose R. Wright; served until his resignation in 1882\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1882\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eElected Governor of Georgia\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n        \u003cchronitem\u003e\n          \u003cdate\u003e1883, March 4\u003c/date\u003e\n          \u003ceventgrp\u003e\n            \u003cevent\u003eDied in Georgia\u003c/event\u003e\n          \u003c/eventgrp\u003e\n        \u003c/chronitem\u003e\n      \u003c/chronlist\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Alexander Hamilton Stephens was born in Crawfordville, Taliaferro County, Georgia on\n        February 11, 1812 to Andrew B. and Margaret Grier Stephens. He graduated from Franklin\n        College (later the University of Georgia) in 1832, where he was a member of the Phi Kappa\n        Literary Society. He taught school for the next eighteen months while pursuing legal studies\n        and passed the bar in Georgia in 1834. Stephens maintained a successful law practice for\n        thirty-two years while simultaneously serving as an elected official in both state and\n        federal political realms and as Vice President of the Confederate States of America. He died\n        in 1883.","Chronology List 1836 Elected to the Georgia House of Representatives as a Whig; served until\n              1840 1842 Elected to the Georgia State Senate; served for one year. 1843 Elected to the United States Congress; served until 1859 1861 Elected to attend the Secession Convention of Georgia 1861 Elected Vice President of the Confederate States of America 1865 Arrested by the United States; served five months in prison 1866 Elected to the United States Senate but not allowed to take his seat 1873 Elected to United States Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the death of\n              Ambrose R. Wright; served until his resignation in 1882 1882 Elected Governor of Georgia 1883, March 4 Died in Georgia"],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Alexander H. Stephens Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n        Manuscript Library\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Alexander H. Stephens Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n        Manuscript Library"],"processinfo_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProcessed by Kimberly Sims, November 2008\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eEncoded by Kimberly Sims, November 2008\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMultiple accessions were merged into one collection, described in this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"processinfo_heading_ssm":["Processing Information"],"processinfo_tesim":["Processed by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Encoded by Kimberly Sims, November 2008","Multiple accessions were merged into one collection, described in this finding aid."],"relatedmaterial_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eJohn Jordan Crittenden Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eAlfred Gumming\n            Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n            Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eMarmaduke Hamilton\n            Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n            Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003ePaul Hamilton Hayne\n            Papers\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp;\n            Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003carchref\u003e\u003cunittitle label=\"Collection\"\u003eAlexander Hamilton Stephens Letters,\n            Microfilm, Manhattanville College\u003c/unittitle\u003e\u003crepository label=\"Repository\"\u003eDavid M.\n            Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library\u003c/repository\u003e\n        \u003c/archref\u003e\u003c/p\u003e"],"relatedmaterial_heading_ssm":["Related Material"],"relatedmaterial_tesim":["John Jordan Crittenden Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library Alfred Gumming\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Marmaduke Hamilton\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Paul Hamilton Hayne\n            Papers David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026\n            Manuscript Library Alexander Hamilton Stephens Letters,\n            Microfilm, Manhattanville College David M.\n            Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection includes correspondence, bills and receipts, financial papers, legal papers,\n        political papers, clippings and printed material and ranges in date from 1823-1954, with the\n        bulk dated 1823-1883. Due to preservation concerns, some items were copied onto acid-free\n        paper and stamped as preservation copies. The originals were placed in mylar and are located\n        in Box 7. Patrons should consult with Rubenstein Library staff before handling these\n        materials.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe vast majority of the collection is comprised of correspondence, covering the years\n        1823-1883. Many of the letters in the collection were written to Stephens, although there\n        are letters written in his own hand. Throughout the correspondence are letters written to\n        Stephens by various family members, most notably his brothers John and Linton. The bulk of\n        the correspondence pertains to Stephens' law work, regarding issues such as the settling of\n        estates and the collection of debts. The most prominent topics include family matters,\n        business and legal matters and Stephens' health. Given the expansive amount of\n        correspondence, below is a breakdown by decade of other topics which appear, in an effort to\n        assist the researcher in locating materials of interest:\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1823-1839: Topics include States' Rights, slavery, and an Indian war in\n        Florida [possibly the Creek War]. There is a letter from Herschel V. Johnson who sought\n        advice from Stephens in 1839 regarding negotiations with a railroad company.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1840-1849: Topics include local and national politics/views, opinions about\n        President Martin Van Buren, \"agricultural politics,\" Thomas Dorr and the People's Party, the\n        purchasing of slaves, the 1843 Boston visit of President John Tyler and Vice President\n        Daniel Webster, Stephens' nomination to serve in the U. S. Congress, Whigs and Democrats\n        (Stephens was invited to attend several Whig-sponsored barbeques), and the death of\n        Stephens' brother Aaron. There is a letter from United States Representative Marshall\n        Johnson Wellborn which discusses the Judiciary Act (1841). There are also a substantial\n        number of letters written by and to John Bird and letters written to him and Stephens (they\n        were likely law partners). Of note are two letters written in 1844 by [Sarvis] Pearson\n        (presumably a client of Stephens or his firm) to his estranged wife Mary S. Pearson which\n        offer insight into the subject of divorce and marital discord of the time period.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1850-1859: Letters written by Stephens start to appear more frequently.\n        Topics include largely family and legal matters.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1860-1869: Topics include employment inquiries both pre- and post-Civil War,\n        autograph requests, Stephens' book about the Civil War, and the social history of a\n        post-Civil War Georgia. Items of note: There are petitions (1860) by Stephens' district\n        constituents asking him to address them about the presidential election. There are letters\n        asking him for permission to travel into the Union. There are a couple of letters written by\n        Stephens to Jefferson Davis. There is a letter from March 1860 to Pearce Stevons [Stephens]\n        by Rody Jordan, both of whom were not only brothers but slaves as well. The letter is likely\n        written by someone other than Jordan. A letter to Stephens in October 1866 states that his\n        former slave Pearce was charged with murder and asks for Stephens' legal counsel at Pearce's\n        request (he apparently complied based on a letter from 1869).\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1870-1879: Topics include requests for employment and financial help,\n        requests for letters of recommendation, Linton Stephens' death, Stephens' paper the \u003ctitle render=\"italic\"\u003eDaily and Weekly Sun\u003c/title\u003e, the federal government, autograph requests,\n        and Stephens' work with the Committee on Standard Weights and Measures. Item of note: There\n        are documents from 1873 concerning an illegal distilling and corruption case in Georgia.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence 1880-1883: Topics includes Stephens' opinion of President James A. Garfield,\n        his bid for Governor, requests for financial help and letters of recommendation for men\n        interested in state posts appointed by the Governor, such as Physician of the Georgia\n        Penitentiary. Items of note: There is a letter dated 1883 signed by Secretary of War, Robert\n        Todd Lincoln. There are two letters from 1882 which offer some insight into African-American\n        involvement in Georgia politics.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Collection Overview"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection includes correspondence, bills and receipts, financial papers, legal papers,\n        political papers, clippings and printed material and ranges in date from 1823-1954, with the\n        bulk dated 1823-1883. Due to preservation concerns, some items were copied onto acid-free\n        paper and stamped as preservation copies. The originals were placed in mylar and are located\n        in Box 7. Patrons should consult with Rubenstein Library staff before handling these\n        materials.","The vast majority of the collection is comprised of correspondence, covering the years\n        1823-1883. Many of the letters in the collection were written to Stephens, although there\n        are letters written in his own hand. Throughout the correspondence are letters written to\n        Stephens by various family members, most notably his brothers John and Linton. The bulk of\n        the correspondence pertains to Stephens' law work, regarding issues such as the settling of\n        estates and the collection of debts. The most prominent topics include family matters,\n        business and legal matters and Stephens' health. Given the expansive amount of\n        correspondence, below is a breakdown by decade of other topics which appear, in an effort to\n        assist the researcher in locating materials of interest:","Correspondence 1823-1839: Topics include States' Rights, slavery, and an Indian war in\n        Florida [possibly the Creek War]. There is a letter from Herschel V. Johnson who sought\n        advice from Stephens in 1839 regarding negotiations with a railroad company.","Correspondence 1840-1849: Topics include local and national politics/views, opinions about\n        President Martin Van Buren, \"agricultural politics,\" Thomas Dorr and the People's Party, the\n        purchasing of slaves, the 1843 Boston visit of President John Tyler and Vice President\n        Daniel Webster, Stephens' nomination to serve in the U. S. Congress, Whigs and Democrats\n        (Stephens was invited to attend several Whig-sponsored barbeques), and the death of\n        Stephens' brother Aaron. There is a letter from United States Representative Marshall\n        Johnson Wellborn which discusses the Judiciary Act (1841). There are also a substantial\n        number of letters written by and to John Bird and letters written to him and Stephens (they\n        were likely law partners). Of note are two letters written in 1844 by [Sarvis] Pearson\n        (presumably a client of Stephens or his firm) to his estranged wife Mary S. Pearson which\n        offer insight into the subject of divorce and marital discord of the time period.","Correspondence 1850-1859: Letters written by Stephens start to appear more frequently.\n        Topics include largely family and legal matters.","Correspondence 1860-1869: Topics include employment inquiries both pre- and post-Civil War,\n        autograph requests, Stephens' book about the Civil War, and the social history of a\n        post-Civil War Georgia. Items of note: There are petitions (1860) by Stephens' district\n        constituents asking him to address them about the presidential election. There are letters\n        asking him for permission to travel into the Union. There are a couple of letters written by\n        Stephens to Jefferson Davis. There is a letter from March 1860 to Pearce Stevons [Stephens]\n        by Rody Jordan, both of whom were not only brothers but slaves as well. The letter is likely\n        written by someone other than Jordan. A letter to Stephens in October 1866 states that his\n        former slave Pearce was charged with murder and asks for Stephens' legal counsel at Pearce's\n        request (he apparently complied based on a letter from 1869).","Correspondence 1870-1879: Topics include requests for employment and financial help,\n        requests for letters of recommendation, Linton Stephens' death, Stephens' paper the  Daily and Weekly Sun , the federal government, autograph requests,\n        and Stephens' work with the Committee on Standard Weights and Measures. Item of note: There\n        are documents from 1873 concerning an illegal distilling and corruption case in Georgia.","Correspondence 1880-1883: Topics includes Stephens' opinion of President James A. Garfield,\n        his bid for Governor, requests for financial help and letters of recommendation for men\n        interested in state posts appointed by the Governor, such as Physician of the Georgia\n        Penitentiary. Items of note: There is a letter dated 1883 signed by Secretary of War, Robert\n        Todd Lincoln. There are two letters from 1882 which offer some insight into African-American\n        involvement in Georgia politics."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026amp; Manuscript Library.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Copyright Notice"],"userestrict_tesim":["The copyright interests in this collection have not been transferred to Duke University.\n        For more information, consult the copyright section of the Regulations and Procedures of the\n        David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_849632dcb81574966843dcbe5b428838\"\u003eAlexander H. Stephens (1812-1883) was a\n        Georgia lawyer, politician and Vice President of the Confederate States of\n        America.\u003c/abstract\u003e","\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c9c5c1283c14f11d61a94c6bb6711c7a\"\u003eThe collection includes a large amount\n        of correspondence as well as bills/receipts, financial papers, legal papers, political\n        papers, clippings and printed material. It ranges in date from 1823 to 1954, with the bulk\n        covering 1823-1883.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Alexander H. Stephens (1812-1883) was a\n        Georgia lawyer, politician and Vice President of the Confederate States of\n        America.","The collection includes a large amount\n        of correspondence as well as bills/receipts, financial papers, legal papers, political\n        papers, clippings and printed material. It ranges in date from 1823 to 1954, with the bulk\n        covering 1823-1883."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_38e97c13005bd86e481006cee204cb70\"\u003eFor current information on the location\n        of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog.\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["For current information on the location\n        of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog."],"names_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926"],"corpname_ssim":["David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library"],"names_coll_ssim":["Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926"],"persname_ssim":["Stephens, Alexander Hamilton, 1812-1883","Wellborn, Marshall Johnson, 1808-1874","Van Buren, Martin, 1782-1862 -- Public opinion","Davis, Jefferson, 1808-1809","Garfield, James A. (James Abram), 1831-1881 -- Public\n        opinion","Johnson, Herschel V. (Herschel Vespasian), 1812-1880","Dorr, Thomas Wilson, 1805-1854","Stephens, Linton, 1823-1872","Lincoln, Robert Todd, 1843-1926"],"language_ssim":["English"],"descrules_ssm":["Describing Archives: A Content Standard"],"total_component_count_is":73,"online_item_count_is":4055,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"ahstephens","timestamp":"2025-02-18T22:57:49.296Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/ahstephens_aspace_ref80_f0q"}},{"id":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_0486ec705f14b82141300eea80836fd2432c2899","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Papers pertaining to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division","highlight":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_0486ec705f14b82141300eea80836fd2432c2899#highlight","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\u003cem\u003ePapers\u003c/em\u003e pertaining to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division","label":"Highlight"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_0486ec705f14b82141300eea80836fd2432c2899#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"al_0486ec705f14b82141300eea80836fd2432c2899","ref_ssm":["al_0486ec705f14b82141300eea80836fd2432c2899","al_0486ec705f14b82141300eea80836fd2432c2899"],"id":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_0486ec705f14b82141300eea80836fd2432c2899","title_filing_ssi":"Papers pertaining to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division","title_ssm":["Papers pertaining to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division"],"title_tesim":["Papers pertaining to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Papers pertaining to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division"],"text":["Papers pertaining to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division","Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ssim":["umich-wcl-M-2370mac"],"parent_ssi":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-wcl-M-2370mac"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. William L. Clements Library"],"collection_ssim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":4,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":83,"_nest_path_":"/components#1","_nest_parent_":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","_root_":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:25:17.168Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","title_ssm":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","MacArthur, Douglas collection"],"title_tesim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","MacArthur, Douglas collection"],"ead_ssi":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["wclmss001314"],"text":["wclmss001314","Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","Aisne, Battle of the, France, 1918.","Argonne, Battle of the, 1918.","Chateau-Thierry, Battle of, 1918.","Chemical Warfare.","Chemical Warfare--Safety Measures.","Chemical Weapons.","Communications, Military.","Gases, Asphyxiating and Poisonous--War Use.","Marne, 2nd Battle of the, France, 1918.","Military Assistance, French.","Military Intelligence.","Military Reconnaissance.","Saint-Mihiel (France), Battle of, 1918.","Signals and Signaling.","United States. Army.","United States--History--1913-1921.","World War, 1914-1918.","World War, 1914-1918--Aerial Operations.","World War, 1914-1918--Campaigns-France.","Books.","Diaries.","Diaries.","Letters (correspondence)","Newspapers.","Orders (military records)","Photographs.","The Douglas MacArthur collection has been organized into four series.  Within these series, the papers are separated into distinct sub-series groups. Series I: Correspondence and diaries Sub-series I: Letters and diary to Florence Adams (Box 1) Sub-series II: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell (Brooks) MacArthur (Box 1) Sub-series III: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr. (Box 1) Sub-series IV: Miscellaneous letters and documents pertaining to Douglas MacArthur (Box 1) Series II: Papers related to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division Sub-series I: Military documents to the 42nd Division from external military units (Boxes 1-2) Sub-series II: Military documents from the 42nd Division to various military units (Boxes 2-4) Sub-series III: Internal military documents from and to various military units in the 42nd Division. (Box 5) Sub-series IV: Kenneth A. Sutherland Notebook. (Box 6) Series III: Photographs and miscellaneous papers pertaining to Douglas MacArthur Sub-series I: Aerial photographs and negatives, 91st Reconnaissance Squadron. (Box 7) Sub-series II: Miscellaneous photographs and papers. (Box 8) Series IV:  Published works.","Douglas MacArthur","Douglas MacArthur was born on January 26, 1880, the youngest child of (Capt.) Arthur MacArthur (1845-1912) and Mary Pinkney Hardy (1852-1935). His siblings were Arthur (1876-1923), and Malcolm (1878-1883), who died before his seventh birthday. ","Douglas MacArthur graduated from West Texas Military Academy in 1897 as valedictorian and two years later entered West Point.  In 1903 he graduated as First Captain, West Point's highest honor.  In September 1903, he joined the 3rd Battalion Engineers in San Francisco, and almost immediately was sent to Manila, Philippines. The next year he was promoted to First Lieutenant, and in 1906 returned to the United States.  After being made Captain of Engineers at Leavenworth in 1911, MacArthur was assigned to Vera Cruz to report information to the War Department.  While serving as military aide to the Secretary of War in 1916, he conceived the idea of expanding the existing National Guard through volunteer enlistment and turned into combat divisions - an idea that would be used for the formation of the 42nd Division. ","In 1917, MacArthur was appointed Colonel and Chief of Staff of the 42nd (Rainbow) Division.  As Commander of the 84th Infantry Brigade, he led his troops during the vitally important Argonne Campaign in the last months of the war.  In 1919, the 42nd Division returned to the United States, and MacArthur accepted an appointment as Superintendent of West Point.  While there, he became permanent Brigadier General.  MacArthur married Louise Cromwell Brooks in 1922, the year he was posted to command the Philippine Division, but they divorced seven years later. In November 1929, MacArthur was promoted to General and chosen as the man to replace General Summerall as the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army.  In 1937, MacArthur married a second time - to Jean Marie Faircloth, and they had a son, Arthur, a year later. ","In December 1941, the Japanese Army attacked and defeated MacArthur's Philippine Army on the Bataan Peninsula.  The following March, MacArthur was ordered from the Philippines to command the Allied troops with Thomas Blamey.  For six months, MacArthur concentrated on the defense of New Guinea, which led to an ambitious counter-attack in January and February 1943.  On the day the Japanese surrendered, MacArthur was appointed Supreme Commander of Allied Powers. ","MacArthur remained in occupied Japan until 1950, orchestrating the reformation of the post-war country.  On the 29th of June, 1950, MacArthur went to South Korea with American forces to assess the situation after North Korea's invasion of South Korea.  This assessment led to Truman's commitment of U.S. troops to a ground war in Korea.  The North Koreans abandoned Seoul on September 28, 1950, after MacArthur's successful military plan to attack through Inchon.  As a result of the success of this campaign, China decided to enter the Korean War.  MacArthur was ordered by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Secretary of Defense, in conjunction with a U.N. resolution, to proceed north of the 38th parallel.  Chinese troops attacked, leading to the withdrawal of MacArthur's troops back south of the 38th.  By this time, MacArthur had disobeyed the military order to employ only Korean forces in the frontier provinces.  On the 24th of March, MacArthur issued a lengthy communiqué complaining about the restrictions on his forces and taunted the enemy for their lack of industrial power and inability to maintain even moderate air and naval power. This pronouncement and his previous insubordination caused President Truman to relieve MacArthur of his command. ","In April 1951, General Douglas MacArthur returned to San Francisco to thousands of cheering citizens.  On April 19 he presented his case regarding his relief of command to a joint session of congress.  During his remaining years, MacArthur traveled throughout the United States to make speeches, in which he often denounced communists and socialists, and spoke of corrupt administration and heavy taxation. At the age of 84, on April 5, 1964, Douglas MacArthur died in a hospital in Washington.","The 42nd (Rainbow) Division","The Rainbow Division was created in 1917 as a composite division of members of the Regular Army and the National Guard solely for use in the war in Europe.  The 42nd arrived in Europe in 1917 as the war was entering a new phase: Russia had dropped out of the war, America was joining the war, and Germany was racing to provide tremendous reinforcement before the American forces arrived. ","In February 1918 the 42nd Division, part of the First U.S. Army Corps, was ordered to the Luneville area for a month of training with French units from the 7th French Army Corps.  While there, the Rainbow Division distinguished itself as \"a first class combat Division.\" ","The first assignment for the 42nd was to relieve the 128th French Infantry Division from the Baccarat Sector.  In the war, this was the first time an American Division held a Sector on its own.  The Division successfully held the Baccarat Sector until relief orders were sent on June 16, 1918.  Two weeks later, the 42nd Division went to the front at the Battle of Champagne alongside the 21st French Army Corps.  After an attack by the Germans on the fifteenth of July, the 42nd assisted in the Champagne defense until the end of the battle (July 18).  The Sixth French Army Corps was given the Rainbow Division to pursue the supposedly retreating enemy at the Battle of the Ourcq from July 25-July 27, 1918. From July 28-August 1st, the Allies captured strongpoints of the German position.  August 2-August 3rd, the 42nd Division assisted in pursuing the enemy until relieved by the 4th Regular Division. ","After the Battle of the Ourcq, Douglas MacArthur was given command of the 84th Infantry Brigade (William Hughes, Jr., replaced him as Chief of Staff, 42nd Division).  In September, the Rainbow Division, then under the 4th American Army Corps, was ordered to attack the center of the south side of the San Mihiel Salient and was assigned to the defense of the Essey-Pannes Sector until September 30, when it was relieved by the 89th Division. ","On October 11-12, 1918, the Rainbow Division relieved the 1st Division on the Verdun front.  In order to break the 2nd German line of defense, the hill called The Cote de Chatillon had to be taken.  From October 13-16, Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur commanded the 84th Infantry Division to the successful capture of Hill 288 (a strongly fortified point on the Kreimhilde Stellung), the Tuilerie Ferme, and the Cote de Chatillon (beyond the enemy's strong line of resistance). ","The next attack took place November 1, 1918.  The 42nd Division provided machine gun fire for the advancement of the 2nd and 89th Divisions.  After this victory, and as a result of divisional rivalry (and a difference in opinion as to the exact nature of a memorandum), the 42nd and the 1st Divisions (of the First American Army Corps and the 5th American Army Corps respectively) 'raced' for the glory of partaking in the (potential) final engagement of the war, in Sedan.  On November 6-7, the Rainbow, the 4th French Army, and the 1st and 77th American Divisions, fought south of the Meuse (south of Sedan).  The fighting ended when the enemy requested an armistice on November 9, 1918.  The 42nd Division backed off and was able to claim that the Americans who got closest to Sedan were members of the 166th Infantry of the 83rd Infantry Brigade.  The armistice was signed two days later. ","The 42nd Division remained in France and occupied Germany until May 1, 1919, when the last unit arrived home. Less than two weeks later, the last Brigade was demobilized. ","The MacArthur collection contains 885 letters, documents, photographs, and published works dating from March 23, 1885, to July 5, 1983. The bulk of the material (710 items) consists of military documents and manuscript notes from September 8, 1917 to January 27, 1919.  ","The military materials include general orders, field orders, field messages, memoranda, intelligence, and communications, related to the U.S. 42nd Division (The Rainbow Division), A.E.F., founded in 1917.  The majority of the collection falls during the period of time from late 1917 to early August 1918, when Douglas MacArthur was Chief of Staff for the 42nd Division.  Documents from military units that fought alongside the 42nd Division (both French and American), the U.S. Chemical Warfare, and the Intelligence Divisions -- as well as various German, French, and American communications -- are included.  Organizational documents, such as training schedules, and march tables, are also present.  A considerable number, if not all, of these materials must have been approved or viewed by MacArthur, and many of the items in this collection bear his initials or the initials of his information assistant, William Hughes, Jr.  From early August 1918 until the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918, MacArthur acted as the commanding officer for the 84th Infantry Brigade, and several military orders bear his name. ","Seventy-six letters in the collection (located in Box 1) are either from Douglas MacArthur or pertain in some way to him.  Six of these items, dated 1904, pertain to MacArthur and Florence Adams, whom he met in the Philippines, including a 46-page diary MacArthur wrote to Adams while he was on board a ship from Manila to the United States.  Five letters, dated 1921 and 1925, are written by MacArthur to Louise Brooks who became Mrs. Douglas MacArthur in 1922.  These letters contain both romantic content as well as personal reflections on the events in MacArthur's life at the time.  Also included are nine letters from MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr., dated 1921-1934.  The remainder of the correspondence is a miscellaneous collection of letters written by Douglas MacArthur, Jean MacArthur, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Harry S. Truman, and others.","The Douglas MacArthur collection also contains a notebook kept by Kenneth A. Sutherland, veteran of the 42nd Division, which contains a selection of items related to the Division's post-war activities and reunions; 40 aerial photographs and negatives taken by the 91st Reconnaissance Squadron, October 10, 1918; several photographs of Douglas MacArthur; thirteen published works by or about the General; and other miscellaneous materials.","The Douglas MacArthur collection is made up of military documents related to General Douglas MacArthur and the 42nd (Rainbow) Division during the first World War, and miscellaneous letters, documents, photographs, published works, and one diary illuminating various aspects of the General's public career and personal life.","William L. Clements Library , University of Michigan","United States. Army--Artillery.","United States. Army--Artillery--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Communication Systems.","United States. Army--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Equipment.","United States. Army--Field Service.","United States. Army--History.","United States. Army--Information Services.","United States. Army--Medals, Badges, Decorations, etc.","United States. Army--Organization.","United States. Army--Records and Correspondence.","United States. Army--Safety Measures.","United States. Army--Sanitary Affairs.","United States. Army. Infantry Division, 42nd.","Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)","Brooks, Louise Cromwell.","Fish, Hamilton, 1849-1936.","Adams, Florence.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969.","Granara, J. Ralph.","Hughes, William.","Hunt, Haroldson L.","Kean, Robert Winthrop.","Luhrs, H. Ernst.","MacArthur, Arthur, 1845-1912.","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964.","MacArthur, Jean Faircloth.","Mark, Clark.","Menoher, Charles Thomas, 1862-1930 ","Rhodes, Weldon E.","Sutherland, Kenneth A.","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972.","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["wclmss001314"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"collection_title_tesim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"collection_ssim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. William L. Clements Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. William L. Clements Library"],"creator_ssm":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)"],"creator_ssim":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)"],"creators_ssim":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)"],"acqinfo_ssim":[" Donated by D. N. Diedrich, 1987-2013.   M-2370 et al ."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Aisne, Battle of the, France, 1918.","Argonne, Battle of the, 1918.","Chateau-Thierry, Battle of, 1918.","Chemical Warfare.","Chemical Warfare--Safety Measures.","Chemical Weapons.","Communications, Military.","Gases, Asphyxiating and Poisonous--War Use.","Marne, 2nd Battle of the, France, 1918.","Military Assistance, French.","Military Intelligence.","Military Reconnaissance.","Saint-Mihiel (France), Battle of, 1918.","Signals and Signaling.","United States. Army.","United States--History--1913-1921.","World War, 1914-1918.","World War, 1914-1918--Aerial Operations.","World War, 1914-1918--Campaigns-France.","Books.","Diaries.","Diaries.","Letters (correspondence)","Newspapers.","Orders (military records)","Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Aisne, Battle of the, France, 1918.","Argonne, Battle of the, 1918.","Chateau-Thierry, Battle of, 1918.","Chemical Warfare.","Chemical Warfare--Safety Measures.","Chemical Weapons.","Communications, Military.","Gases, Asphyxiating and Poisonous--War Use.","Marne, 2nd Battle of the, France, 1918.","Military Assistance, French.","Military Intelligence.","Military Reconnaissance.","Saint-Mihiel (France), Battle of, 1918.","Signals and Signaling.","United States. Army.","United States--History--1913-1921.","World War, 1914-1918.","World War, 1914-1918--Aerial Operations.","World War, 1914-1918--Campaigns-France.","Books.","Diaries.","Diaries.","Letters (correspondence)","Newspapers.","Orders (military records)","Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["885 items"],"extent_tesim":["885 items"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003clist\u003e\n            \u003chead\u003eThe Douglas MacArthur collection has been organized into four series.  Within these series, the papers are separated into distinct sub-series groups.\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003citem\u003eSeries I: Correspondence and diaries\u003clist\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series I: Letters and diary to Florence Adams (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series II: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell (Brooks) MacArthur (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series III: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr. (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series IV: Miscellaneous letters and documents pertaining to Douglas MacArthur (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n               \u003c/list\u003e\n            \u003c/item\u003e\n            \u003citem\u003eSeries II: Papers related to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division\u003clist\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series I: Military documents to the 42nd Division from external military units (Boxes 1-2)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series II: Military documents from the 42nd Division to various military units (Boxes 2-4)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series III: Internal military documents from and to various military units in the 42nd Division. (Box 5)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series IV: Kenneth A. Sutherland Notebook. (Box 6)\u003c/item\u003e\n               \u003c/list\u003e\n            \u003c/item\u003e\n            \u003citem\u003eSeries III: Photographs and miscellaneous papers pertaining to Douglas MacArthur\u003clist\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series I: Aerial photographs and negatives, 91st Reconnaissance Squadron. (Box 7)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series II: Miscellaneous photographs and papers. (Box 8)\u003c/item\u003e\n               \u003c/list\u003e\n            \u003c/item\u003e\n            \u003citem\u003eSeries IV:  Published works.\u003c/item\u003e\n         \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Douglas MacArthur collection has been organized into four series.  Within these series, the papers are separated into distinct sub-series groups. Series I: Correspondence and diaries Sub-series I: Letters and diary to Florence Adams (Box 1) Sub-series II: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell (Brooks) MacArthur (Box 1) Sub-series III: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr. (Box 1) Sub-series IV: Miscellaneous letters and documents pertaining to Douglas MacArthur (Box 1) Series II: Papers related to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division Sub-series I: Military documents to the 42nd Division from external military units (Boxes 1-2) Sub-series II: Military documents from the 42nd Division to various military units (Boxes 2-4) Sub-series III: Internal military documents from and to various military units in the 42nd Division. (Box 5) Sub-series IV: Kenneth A. Sutherland Notebook. (Box 6) Series III: Photographs and miscellaneous papers pertaining to Douglas MacArthur Sub-series I: Aerial photographs and negatives, 91st Reconnaissance Squadron. (Box 7) Sub-series II: Miscellaneous photographs and papers. (Box 8) Series IV:  Published works."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\n            \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\n               \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eDouglas MacArthur\u003c/emph\u003e\n            \u003c/emph\u003e\n         \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDouglas MacArthur was born on January 26, 1880, the youngest child of (Capt.) Arthur MacArthur (1845-1912) and Mary Pinkney Hardy (1852-1935). His siblings were Arthur (1876-1923), and Malcolm (1878-1883), who died before his seventh birthday. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDouglas MacArthur graduated from West Texas Military Academy in 1897 as valedictorian and two years later entered West Point.  In 1903 he graduated as First Captain, West Point's highest honor.  In September 1903, he joined the 3rd Battalion Engineers in San Francisco, and almost immediately was sent to Manila, Philippines. The next year he was promoted to First Lieutenant, and in 1906 returned to the United States.  After being made Captain of Engineers at Leavenworth in 1911, MacArthur was assigned to Vera Cruz to report information to the War Department.  While serving as military aide to the Secretary of War in 1916, he conceived the idea of expanding the existing National Guard through volunteer enlistment and turned into combat divisions - an idea that would be used for the formation of the 42nd Division. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1917, MacArthur was appointed Colonel and Chief of Staff of the 42nd (Rainbow) Division.  As Commander of the 84th Infantry Brigade, he led his troops during the vitally important Argonne Campaign in the last months of the war.  In 1919, the 42nd Division returned to the United States, and MacArthur accepted an appointment as Superintendent of West Point.  While there, he became permanent Brigadier General.  MacArthur married Louise Cromwell Brooks in 1922, the year he was posted to command the Philippine Division, but they divorced seven years later. In November 1929, MacArthur was promoted to General and chosen as the man to replace General Summerall as the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army.  In 1937, MacArthur married a second time - to Jean Marie Faircloth, and they had a son, Arthur, a year later. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn December 1941, the Japanese Army attacked and defeated MacArthur's Philippine Army on the Bataan Peninsula.  The following March, MacArthur was ordered from the Philippines to command the Allied troops with Thomas Blamey.  For six months, MacArthur concentrated on the defense of New Guinea, which led to an ambitious counter-attack in January and February 1943.  On the day the Japanese surrendered, MacArthur was appointed Supreme Commander of Allied Powers. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMacArthur remained in occupied Japan until 1950, orchestrating the reformation of the post-war country.  On the 29th of June, 1950, MacArthur went to South Korea with American forces to assess the situation after North Korea's invasion of South Korea.  This assessment led to Truman's commitment of U.S. troops to a ground war in Korea.  The North Koreans abandoned Seoul on September 28, 1950, after MacArthur's successful military plan to attack through Inchon.  As a result of the success of this campaign, China decided to enter the Korean War.  MacArthur was ordered by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Secretary of Defense, in conjunction with a U.N. resolution, to proceed north of the 38th parallel.  Chinese troops attacked, leading to the withdrawal of MacArthur's troops back south of the 38th.  By this time, MacArthur had disobeyed the military order to employ only Korean forces in the frontier provinces.  On the 24th of March, MacArthur issued a lengthy communiqué complaining about the restrictions on his forces and taunted the enemy for their lack of industrial power and inability to maintain even moderate air and naval power. This pronouncement and his previous insubordination caused President Truman to relieve MacArthur of his command. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn April 1951, General Douglas MacArthur returned to San Francisco to thousands of cheering citizens.  On April 19 he presented his case regarding his relief of command to a joint session of congress.  During his remaining years, MacArthur traveled throughout the United States to make speeches, in which he often denounced communists and socialists, and spoke of corrupt administration and heavy taxation. At the age of 84, on April 5, 1964, Douglas MacArthur died in a hospital in Washington.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n            \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\n               \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eThe 42nd (Rainbow) Division\u003c/emph\u003e\n            \u003c/emph\u003e\n         \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Rainbow Division was created in 1917 as a composite division of members of the Regular Army and the National Guard solely for use in the war in Europe.  The 42nd arrived in Europe in 1917 as the war was entering a new phase: Russia had dropped out of the war, America was joining the war, and Germany was racing to provide tremendous reinforcement before the American forces arrived. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn February 1918 the 42nd Division, part of the First U.S. Army Corps, was ordered to the Luneville area for a month of training with French units from the 7th French Army Corps.  While there, the Rainbow Division distinguished itself as \"a first class combat Division.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first assignment for the 42nd was to relieve the 128th French Infantry Division from the Baccarat Sector.  In the war, this was the first time an American Division held a Sector on its own.  The Division successfully held the Baccarat Sector until relief orders were sent on June 16, 1918.  Two weeks later, the 42nd Division went to the front at the Battle of Champagne alongside the 21st French Army Corps.  After an attack by the Germans on the fifteenth of July, the 42nd assisted in the Champagne defense until the end of the battle (July 18).  The Sixth French Army Corps was given the Rainbow Division to pursue the supposedly retreating enemy at the Battle of the Ourcq from July 25-July 27, 1918. From July 28-August 1st, the Allies captured strongpoints of the German position.  August 2-August 3rd, the 42nd Division assisted in pursuing the enemy until relieved by the 4th Regular Division. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the Battle of the Ourcq, Douglas MacArthur was given command of the 84th Infantry Brigade (William Hughes, Jr., replaced him as Chief of Staff, 42nd Division).  In September, the Rainbow Division, then under the 4th American Army Corps, was ordered to attack the center of the south side of the San Mihiel Salient and was assigned to the defense of the Essey-Pannes Sector until September 30, when it was relieved by the 89th Division. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn October 11-12, 1918, the Rainbow Division relieved the 1st Division on the Verdun front.  In order to break the 2nd German line of defense, the hill called The Cote de Chatillon had to be taken.  From October 13-16, Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur commanded the 84th Infantry Division to the successful capture of Hill 288 (a strongly fortified point on the Kreimhilde Stellung), the Tuilerie Ferme, and the Cote de Chatillon (beyond the enemy's strong line of resistance). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe next attack took place November 1, 1918.  The 42nd Division provided machine gun fire for the advancement of the 2nd and 89th Divisions.  After this victory, and as a result of divisional rivalry (and a difference in opinion as to the exact nature of a memorandum), the 42nd and the 1st Divisions (of the First American Army Corps and the 5th American Army Corps respectively) 'raced' for the glory of partaking in the (potential) final engagement of the war, in Sedan.  On November 6-7, the Rainbow, the 4th French Army, and the 1st and 77th American Divisions, fought south of the Meuse (south of Sedan).  The fighting ended when the enemy requested an armistice on November 9, 1918.  The 42nd Division backed off and was able to claim that the Americans who got closest to Sedan were members of the 166th Infantry of the 83rd Infantry Brigade.  The armistice was signed two days later. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 42nd Division remained in France and occupied Germany until May 1, 1919, when the last unit arrived home. Less than two weeks later, the last Brigade was demobilized. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biography"],"bioghist_tesim":["Douglas MacArthur","Douglas MacArthur was born on January 26, 1880, the youngest child of (Capt.) Arthur MacArthur (1845-1912) and Mary Pinkney Hardy (1852-1935). His siblings were Arthur (1876-1923), and Malcolm (1878-1883), who died before his seventh birthday. ","Douglas MacArthur graduated from West Texas Military Academy in 1897 as valedictorian and two years later entered West Point.  In 1903 he graduated as First Captain, West Point's highest honor.  In September 1903, he joined the 3rd Battalion Engineers in San Francisco, and almost immediately was sent to Manila, Philippines. The next year he was promoted to First Lieutenant, and in 1906 returned to the United States.  After being made Captain of Engineers at Leavenworth in 1911, MacArthur was assigned to Vera Cruz to report information to the War Department.  While serving as military aide to the Secretary of War in 1916, he conceived the idea of expanding the existing National Guard through volunteer enlistment and turned into combat divisions - an idea that would be used for the formation of the 42nd Division. ","In 1917, MacArthur was appointed Colonel and Chief of Staff of the 42nd (Rainbow) Division.  As Commander of the 84th Infantry Brigade, he led his troops during the vitally important Argonne Campaign in the last months of the war.  In 1919, the 42nd Division returned to the United States, and MacArthur accepted an appointment as Superintendent of West Point.  While there, he became permanent Brigadier General.  MacArthur married Louise Cromwell Brooks in 1922, the year he was posted to command the Philippine Division, but they divorced seven years later. In November 1929, MacArthur was promoted to General and chosen as the man to replace General Summerall as the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army.  In 1937, MacArthur married a second time - to Jean Marie Faircloth, and they had a son, Arthur, a year later. ","In December 1941, the Japanese Army attacked and defeated MacArthur's Philippine Army on the Bataan Peninsula.  The following March, MacArthur was ordered from the Philippines to command the Allied troops with Thomas Blamey.  For six months, MacArthur concentrated on the defense of New Guinea, which led to an ambitious counter-attack in January and February 1943.  On the day the Japanese surrendered, MacArthur was appointed Supreme Commander of Allied Powers. ","MacArthur remained in occupied Japan until 1950, orchestrating the reformation of the post-war country.  On the 29th of June, 1950, MacArthur went to South Korea with American forces to assess the situation after North Korea's invasion of South Korea.  This assessment led to Truman's commitment of U.S. troops to a ground war in Korea.  The North Koreans abandoned Seoul on September 28, 1950, after MacArthur's successful military plan to attack through Inchon.  As a result of the success of this campaign, China decided to enter the Korean War.  MacArthur was ordered by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Secretary of Defense, in conjunction with a U.N. resolution, to proceed north of the 38th parallel.  Chinese troops attacked, leading to the withdrawal of MacArthur's troops back south of the 38th.  By this time, MacArthur had disobeyed the military order to employ only Korean forces in the frontier provinces.  On the 24th of March, MacArthur issued a lengthy communiqué complaining about the restrictions on his forces and taunted the enemy for their lack of industrial power and inability to maintain even moderate air and naval power. This pronouncement and his previous insubordination caused President Truman to relieve MacArthur of his command. ","In April 1951, General Douglas MacArthur returned to San Francisco to thousands of cheering citizens.  On April 19 he presented his case regarding his relief of command to a joint session of congress.  During his remaining years, MacArthur traveled throughout the United States to make speeches, in which he often denounced communists and socialists, and spoke of corrupt administration and heavy taxation. At the age of 84, on April 5, 1964, Douglas MacArthur died in a hospital in Washington.","The 42nd (Rainbow) Division","The Rainbow Division was created in 1917 as a composite division of members of the Regular Army and the National Guard solely for use in the war in Europe.  The 42nd arrived in Europe in 1917 as the war was entering a new phase: Russia had dropped out of the war, America was joining the war, and Germany was racing to provide tremendous reinforcement before the American forces arrived. ","In February 1918 the 42nd Division, part of the First U.S. Army Corps, was ordered to the Luneville area for a month of training with French units from the 7th French Army Corps.  While there, the Rainbow Division distinguished itself as \"a first class combat Division.\" ","The first assignment for the 42nd was to relieve the 128th French Infantry Division from the Baccarat Sector.  In the war, this was the first time an American Division held a Sector on its own.  The Division successfully held the Baccarat Sector until relief orders were sent on June 16, 1918.  Two weeks later, the 42nd Division went to the front at the Battle of Champagne alongside the 21st French Army Corps.  After an attack by the Germans on the fifteenth of July, the 42nd assisted in the Champagne defense until the end of the battle (July 18).  The Sixth French Army Corps was given the Rainbow Division to pursue the supposedly retreating enemy at the Battle of the Ourcq from July 25-July 27, 1918. From July 28-August 1st, the Allies captured strongpoints of the German position.  August 2-August 3rd, the 42nd Division assisted in pursuing the enemy until relieved by the 4th Regular Division. ","After the Battle of the Ourcq, Douglas MacArthur was given command of the 84th Infantry Brigade (William Hughes, Jr., replaced him as Chief of Staff, 42nd Division).  In September, the Rainbow Division, then under the 4th American Army Corps, was ordered to attack the center of the south side of the San Mihiel Salient and was assigned to the defense of the Essey-Pannes Sector until September 30, when it was relieved by the 89th Division. ","On October 11-12, 1918, the Rainbow Division relieved the 1st Division on the Verdun front.  In order to break the 2nd German line of defense, the hill called The Cote de Chatillon had to be taken.  From October 13-16, Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur commanded the 84th Infantry Division to the successful capture of Hill 288 (a strongly fortified point on the Kreimhilde Stellung), the Tuilerie Ferme, and the Cote de Chatillon (beyond the enemy's strong line of resistance). ","The next attack took place November 1, 1918.  The 42nd Division provided machine gun fire for the advancement of the 2nd and 89th Divisions.  After this victory, and as a result of divisional rivalry (and a difference in opinion as to the exact nature of a memorandum), the 42nd and the 1st Divisions (of the First American Army Corps and the 5th American Army Corps respectively) 'raced' for the glory of partaking in the (potential) final engagement of the war, in Sedan.  On November 6-7, the Rainbow, the 4th French Army, and the 1st and 77th American Divisions, fought south of the Meuse (south of Sedan).  The fighting ended when the enemy requested an armistice on November 9, 1918.  The 42nd Division backed off and was able to claim that the Americans who got closest to Sedan were members of the 166th Infantry of the 83rd Infantry Brigade.  The armistice was signed two days later. ","The 42nd Division remained in France and occupied Germany until May 1, 1919, when the last unit arrived home. Less than two weeks later, the last Brigade was demobilized. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe MacArthur collection contains 885 letters, documents, photographs, and published works dating from March 23, 1885, to July 5, 1983. The bulk of the material (710 items) consists of military documents and manuscript notes from September 8, 1917 to January 27, 1919.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe military materials include general orders, field orders, field messages, memoranda, intelligence, and communications, related to the U.S. 42nd Division (The Rainbow Division), A.E.F., founded in 1917.  The majority of the collection falls during the period of time from late 1917 to early August 1918, when Douglas MacArthur was Chief of Staff for the 42nd Division.  Documents from military units that fought alongside the 42nd Division (both French and American), the U.S. Chemical Warfare, and the Intelligence Divisions -- as well as various German, French, and American communications -- are included.  Organizational documents, such as training schedules, and march tables, are also present.  A considerable number, if not all, of these materials must have been approved or viewed by MacArthur, and many of the items in this collection bear his initials or the initials of his information assistant, William Hughes, Jr.  From early August 1918 until the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918, MacArthur acted as the commanding officer for the 84th Infantry Brigade, and several military orders bear his name. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeventy-six letters in the collection (located in Box 1) are either from Douglas MacArthur or pertain in some way to him.  Six of these items, dated 1904, pertain to MacArthur and Florence Adams, whom he met in the Philippines, including a 46-page diary MacArthur wrote to Adams while he was on board a ship from Manila to the United States.  Five letters, dated 1921 and 1925, are written by MacArthur to Louise Brooks who became Mrs. Douglas MacArthur in 1922.  These letters contain both romantic content as well as personal reflections on the events in MacArthur's life at the time.  Also included are nine letters from MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr., dated 1921-1934.  The remainder of the correspondence is a miscellaneous collection of letters written by Douglas MacArthur, Jean MacArthur, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Harry S. Truman, and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Douglas MacArthur collection also contains a notebook kept by Kenneth A. Sutherland, veteran of the 42nd Division, which contains a selection of items related to the Division's post-war activities and reunions; 40 aerial photographs and negatives taken by the 91st Reconnaissance Squadron, October 10, 1918; several photographs of Douglas MacArthur; thirteen published works by or about the General; and other miscellaneous materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The MacArthur collection contains 885 letters, documents, photographs, and published works dating from March 23, 1885, to July 5, 1983. The bulk of the material (710 items) consists of military documents and manuscript notes from September 8, 1917 to January 27, 1919.  ","The military materials include general orders, field orders, field messages, memoranda, intelligence, and communications, related to the U.S. 42nd Division (The Rainbow Division), A.E.F., founded in 1917.  The majority of the collection falls during the period of time from late 1917 to early August 1918, when Douglas MacArthur was Chief of Staff for the 42nd Division.  Documents from military units that fought alongside the 42nd Division (both French and American), the U.S. Chemical Warfare, and the Intelligence Divisions -- as well as various German, French, and American communications -- are included.  Organizational documents, such as training schedules, and march tables, are also present.  A considerable number, if not all, of these materials must have been approved or viewed by MacArthur, and many of the items in this collection bear his initials or the initials of his information assistant, William Hughes, Jr.  From early August 1918 until the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918, MacArthur acted as the commanding officer for the 84th Infantry Brigade, and several military orders bear his name. ","Seventy-six letters in the collection (located in Box 1) are either from Douglas MacArthur or pertain in some way to him.  Six of these items, dated 1904, pertain to MacArthur and Florence Adams, whom he met in the Philippines, including a 46-page diary MacArthur wrote to Adams while he was on board a ship from Manila to the United States.  Five letters, dated 1921 and 1925, are written by MacArthur to Louise Brooks who became Mrs. Douglas MacArthur in 1922.  These letters contain both romantic content as well as personal reflections on the events in MacArthur's life at the time.  Also included are nine letters from MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr., dated 1921-1934.  The remainder of the correspondence is a miscellaneous collection of letters written by Douglas MacArthur, Jean MacArthur, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Harry S. Truman, and others.","The Douglas MacArthur collection also contains a notebook kept by Kenneth A. Sutherland, veteran of the 42nd Division, which contains a selection of items related to the Division's post-war activities and reunions; 40 aerial photographs and negatives taken by the 91st Reconnaissance Squadron, October 10, 1918; several photographs of Douglas MacArthur; thirteen published works by or about the General; and other miscellaneous materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract\u003eThe Douglas MacArthur collection is made up of military documents related to General Douglas MacArthur and the 42nd (Rainbow) Division during the first World War, and miscellaneous letters, documents, photographs, published works, and one diary illuminating various aspects of the General's public career and personal life.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Douglas MacArthur collection is made up of military documents related to General Douglas MacArthur and the 42nd (Rainbow) Division during the first World War, and miscellaneous letters, documents, photographs, published works, and one diary illuminating various aspects of the General's public career and personal life."],"names_ssim":["William L. Clements Library , University of Michigan","United States. Army--Artillery.","United States. Army--Artillery--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Communication Systems.","United States. Army--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Equipment.","United States. Army--Field Service.","United States. Army--History.","United States. Army--Information Services.","United States. Army--Medals, Badges, Decorations, etc.","United States. Army--Organization.","United States. Army--Records and Correspondence.","United States. Army--Safety Measures.","United States. Army--Sanitary Affairs.","United States. Army. Infantry Division, 42nd.","Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)","Brooks, Louise Cromwell.","Fish, Hamilton, 1849-1936.","Adams, Florence.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969.","Granara, J. Ralph.","Hughes, William.","Hunt, Haroldson L.","Kean, Robert Winthrop.","Luhrs, H. Ernst.","MacArthur, Arthur, 1845-1912.","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964.","MacArthur, Jean Faircloth.","Mark, Clark.","Menoher, Charles Thomas, 1862-1930 ","Rhodes, Weldon E.","Sutherland, Kenneth A.","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972."],"corpname_ssim":["William L. Clements Library , University of Michigan","United States. Army--Artillery.","United States. Army--Artillery--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Communication Systems.","United States. Army--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Equipment.","United States. Army--Field Service.","United States. Army--History.","United States. Army--Information Services.","United States. Army--Medals, Badges, Decorations, etc.","United States. Army--Organization.","United States. Army--Records and Correspondence.","United States. Army--Safety Measures.","United States. Army--Sanitary Affairs.","United States. Army. Infantry Division, 42nd."],"persname_ssim":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)","Brooks, Louise Cromwell.","Fish, Hamilton, 1849-1936.","Adams, Florence.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969.","Granara, J. Ralph.","Hughes, William.","Hunt, Haroldson L.","Kean, Robert Winthrop.","Luhrs, H. Ernst.","MacArthur, Arthur, 1845-1912.","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964.","MacArthur, Jean Faircloth.","Mark, Clark.","Menoher, Charles Thomas, 1862-1930 ","Rhodes, Weldon E.","Sutherland, Kenneth A.","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972."],"language_ssim":["The material is in  English"],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":154,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:25:17.168Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_0486ec705f14b82141300eea80836fd2432c2899"}},{"id":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_a1b85d5af6cea949749e7332d58fa46d61e38acd","type":"Series","attributes":{"title":"Photographs and miscellaneous papers pertaining to Douglas MacArthur","highlight":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_a1b85d5af6cea949749e7332d58fa46d61e38acd#highlight","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Photographs and miscellaneous \u003cem\u003epapers\u003c/em\u003e pertaining to Douglas MacArthur","label":"Highlight"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_a1b85d5af6cea949749e7332d58fa46d61e38acd#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"al_a1b85d5af6cea949749e7332d58fa46d61e38acd","ref_ssm":["al_a1b85d5af6cea949749e7332d58fa46d61e38acd","al_a1b85d5af6cea949749e7332d58fa46d61e38acd"],"id":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_a1b85d5af6cea949749e7332d58fa46d61e38acd","title_filing_ssi":"Photographs and miscellaneous papers pertaining to Douglas MacArthur","title_ssm":["Photographs and miscellaneous papers pertaining to Douglas MacArthur"],"title_tesim":["Photographs and miscellaneous papers pertaining to Douglas MacArthur"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Photographs and miscellaneous papers pertaining to Douglas MacArthur"],"text":["Photographs and miscellaneous papers pertaining to Douglas MacArthur","Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","box 7"],"component_level_isim":[1],"parent_ssim":["umich-wcl-M-2370mac"],"parent_ssi":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-wcl-M-2370mac"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. William L. Clements Library"],"collection_ssim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":2,"level_ssm":["Series"],"level_ssim":["Series"],"sort_isi":121,"containers_ssim":["box 7"],"_nest_path_":"/components#2","_nest_parent_":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","_root_":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:25:17.168Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","title_ssm":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","MacArthur, Douglas collection"],"title_tesim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","MacArthur, Douglas collection"],"ead_ssi":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["wclmss001314"],"text":["wclmss001314","Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","Aisne, Battle of the, France, 1918.","Argonne, Battle of the, 1918.","Chateau-Thierry, Battle of, 1918.","Chemical Warfare.","Chemical Warfare--Safety Measures.","Chemical Weapons.","Communications, Military.","Gases, Asphyxiating and Poisonous--War Use.","Marne, 2nd Battle of the, France, 1918.","Military Assistance, French.","Military Intelligence.","Military Reconnaissance.","Saint-Mihiel (France), Battle of, 1918.","Signals and Signaling.","United States. Army.","United States--History--1913-1921.","World War, 1914-1918.","World War, 1914-1918--Aerial Operations.","World War, 1914-1918--Campaigns-France.","Books.","Diaries.","Diaries.","Letters (correspondence)","Newspapers.","Orders (military records)","Photographs.","The Douglas MacArthur collection has been organized into four series.  Within these series, the papers are separated into distinct sub-series groups. Series I: Correspondence and diaries Sub-series I: Letters and diary to Florence Adams (Box 1) Sub-series II: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell (Brooks) MacArthur (Box 1) Sub-series III: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr. (Box 1) Sub-series IV: Miscellaneous letters and documents pertaining to Douglas MacArthur (Box 1) Series II: Papers related to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division Sub-series I: Military documents to the 42nd Division from external military units (Boxes 1-2) Sub-series II: Military documents from the 42nd Division to various military units (Boxes 2-4) Sub-series III: Internal military documents from and to various military units in the 42nd Division. (Box 5) Sub-series IV: Kenneth A. Sutherland Notebook. (Box 6) Series III: Photographs and miscellaneous papers pertaining to Douglas MacArthur Sub-series I: Aerial photographs and negatives, 91st Reconnaissance Squadron. (Box 7) Sub-series II: Miscellaneous photographs and papers. (Box 8) Series IV:  Published works.","Douglas MacArthur","Douglas MacArthur was born on January 26, 1880, the youngest child of (Capt.) Arthur MacArthur (1845-1912) and Mary Pinkney Hardy (1852-1935). His siblings were Arthur (1876-1923), and Malcolm (1878-1883), who died before his seventh birthday. ","Douglas MacArthur graduated from West Texas Military Academy in 1897 as valedictorian and two years later entered West Point.  In 1903 he graduated as First Captain, West Point's highest honor.  In September 1903, he joined the 3rd Battalion Engineers in San Francisco, and almost immediately was sent to Manila, Philippines. The next year he was promoted to First Lieutenant, and in 1906 returned to the United States.  After being made Captain of Engineers at Leavenworth in 1911, MacArthur was assigned to Vera Cruz to report information to the War Department.  While serving as military aide to the Secretary of War in 1916, he conceived the idea of expanding the existing National Guard through volunteer enlistment and turned into combat divisions - an idea that would be used for the formation of the 42nd Division. ","In 1917, MacArthur was appointed Colonel and Chief of Staff of the 42nd (Rainbow) Division.  As Commander of the 84th Infantry Brigade, he led his troops during the vitally important Argonne Campaign in the last months of the war.  In 1919, the 42nd Division returned to the United States, and MacArthur accepted an appointment as Superintendent of West Point.  While there, he became permanent Brigadier General.  MacArthur married Louise Cromwell Brooks in 1922, the year he was posted to command the Philippine Division, but they divorced seven years later. In November 1929, MacArthur was promoted to General and chosen as the man to replace General Summerall as the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army.  In 1937, MacArthur married a second time - to Jean Marie Faircloth, and they had a son, Arthur, a year later. ","In December 1941, the Japanese Army attacked and defeated MacArthur's Philippine Army on the Bataan Peninsula.  The following March, MacArthur was ordered from the Philippines to command the Allied troops with Thomas Blamey.  For six months, MacArthur concentrated on the defense of New Guinea, which led to an ambitious counter-attack in January and February 1943.  On the day the Japanese surrendered, MacArthur was appointed Supreme Commander of Allied Powers. ","MacArthur remained in occupied Japan until 1950, orchestrating the reformation of the post-war country.  On the 29th of June, 1950, MacArthur went to South Korea with American forces to assess the situation after North Korea's invasion of South Korea.  This assessment led to Truman's commitment of U.S. troops to a ground war in Korea.  The North Koreans abandoned Seoul on September 28, 1950, after MacArthur's successful military plan to attack through Inchon.  As a result of the success of this campaign, China decided to enter the Korean War.  MacArthur was ordered by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Secretary of Defense, in conjunction with a U.N. resolution, to proceed north of the 38th parallel.  Chinese troops attacked, leading to the withdrawal of MacArthur's troops back south of the 38th.  By this time, MacArthur had disobeyed the military order to employ only Korean forces in the frontier provinces.  On the 24th of March, MacArthur issued a lengthy communiqué complaining about the restrictions on his forces and taunted the enemy for their lack of industrial power and inability to maintain even moderate air and naval power. This pronouncement and his previous insubordination caused President Truman to relieve MacArthur of his command. ","In April 1951, General Douglas MacArthur returned to San Francisco to thousands of cheering citizens.  On April 19 he presented his case regarding his relief of command to a joint session of congress.  During his remaining years, MacArthur traveled throughout the United States to make speeches, in which he often denounced communists and socialists, and spoke of corrupt administration and heavy taxation. At the age of 84, on April 5, 1964, Douglas MacArthur died in a hospital in Washington.","The 42nd (Rainbow) Division","The Rainbow Division was created in 1917 as a composite division of members of the Regular Army and the National Guard solely for use in the war in Europe.  The 42nd arrived in Europe in 1917 as the war was entering a new phase: Russia had dropped out of the war, America was joining the war, and Germany was racing to provide tremendous reinforcement before the American forces arrived. ","In February 1918 the 42nd Division, part of the First U.S. Army Corps, was ordered to the Luneville area for a month of training with French units from the 7th French Army Corps.  While there, the Rainbow Division distinguished itself as \"a first class combat Division.\" ","The first assignment for the 42nd was to relieve the 128th French Infantry Division from the Baccarat Sector.  In the war, this was the first time an American Division held a Sector on its own.  The Division successfully held the Baccarat Sector until relief orders were sent on June 16, 1918.  Two weeks later, the 42nd Division went to the front at the Battle of Champagne alongside the 21st French Army Corps.  After an attack by the Germans on the fifteenth of July, the 42nd assisted in the Champagne defense until the end of the battle (July 18).  The Sixth French Army Corps was given the Rainbow Division to pursue the supposedly retreating enemy at the Battle of the Ourcq from July 25-July 27, 1918. From July 28-August 1st, the Allies captured strongpoints of the German position.  August 2-August 3rd, the 42nd Division assisted in pursuing the enemy until relieved by the 4th Regular Division. ","After the Battle of the Ourcq, Douglas MacArthur was given command of the 84th Infantry Brigade (William Hughes, Jr., replaced him as Chief of Staff, 42nd Division).  In September, the Rainbow Division, then under the 4th American Army Corps, was ordered to attack the center of the south side of the San Mihiel Salient and was assigned to the defense of the Essey-Pannes Sector until September 30, when it was relieved by the 89th Division. ","On October 11-12, 1918, the Rainbow Division relieved the 1st Division on the Verdun front.  In order to break the 2nd German line of defense, the hill called The Cote de Chatillon had to be taken.  From October 13-16, Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur commanded the 84th Infantry Division to the successful capture of Hill 288 (a strongly fortified point on the Kreimhilde Stellung), the Tuilerie Ferme, and the Cote de Chatillon (beyond the enemy's strong line of resistance). ","The next attack took place November 1, 1918.  The 42nd Division provided machine gun fire for the advancement of the 2nd and 89th Divisions.  After this victory, and as a result of divisional rivalry (and a difference in opinion as to the exact nature of a memorandum), the 42nd and the 1st Divisions (of the First American Army Corps and the 5th American Army Corps respectively) 'raced' for the glory of partaking in the (potential) final engagement of the war, in Sedan.  On November 6-7, the Rainbow, the 4th French Army, and the 1st and 77th American Divisions, fought south of the Meuse (south of Sedan).  The fighting ended when the enemy requested an armistice on November 9, 1918.  The 42nd Division backed off and was able to claim that the Americans who got closest to Sedan were members of the 166th Infantry of the 83rd Infantry Brigade.  The armistice was signed two days later. ","The 42nd Division remained in France and occupied Germany until May 1, 1919, when the last unit arrived home. Less than two weeks later, the last Brigade was demobilized. ","The MacArthur collection contains 885 letters, documents, photographs, and published works dating from March 23, 1885, to July 5, 1983. The bulk of the material (710 items) consists of military documents and manuscript notes from September 8, 1917 to January 27, 1919.  ","The military materials include general orders, field orders, field messages, memoranda, intelligence, and communications, related to the U.S. 42nd Division (The Rainbow Division), A.E.F., founded in 1917.  The majority of the collection falls during the period of time from late 1917 to early August 1918, when Douglas MacArthur was Chief of Staff for the 42nd Division.  Documents from military units that fought alongside the 42nd Division (both French and American), the U.S. Chemical Warfare, and the Intelligence Divisions -- as well as various German, French, and American communications -- are included.  Organizational documents, such as training schedules, and march tables, are also present.  A considerable number, if not all, of these materials must have been approved or viewed by MacArthur, and many of the items in this collection bear his initials or the initials of his information assistant, William Hughes, Jr.  From early August 1918 until the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918, MacArthur acted as the commanding officer for the 84th Infantry Brigade, and several military orders bear his name. ","Seventy-six letters in the collection (located in Box 1) are either from Douglas MacArthur or pertain in some way to him.  Six of these items, dated 1904, pertain to MacArthur and Florence Adams, whom he met in the Philippines, including a 46-page diary MacArthur wrote to Adams while he was on board a ship from Manila to the United States.  Five letters, dated 1921 and 1925, are written by MacArthur to Louise Brooks who became Mrs. Douglas MacArthur in 1922.  These letters contain both romantic content as well as personal reflections on the events in MacArthur's life at the time.  Also included are nine letters from MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr., dated 1921-1934.  The remainder of the correspondence is a miscellaneous collection of letters written by Douglas MacArthur, Jean MacArthur, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Harry S. Truman, and others.","The Douglas MacArthur collection also contains a notebook kept by Kenneth A. Sutherland, veteran of the 42nd Division, which contains a selection of items related to the Division's post-war activities and reunions; 40 aerial photographs and negatives taken by the 91st Reconnaissance Squadron, October 10, 1918; several photographs of Douglas MacArthur; thirteen published works by or about the General; and other miscellaneous materials.","The Douglas MacArthur collection is made up of military documents related to General Douglas MacArthur and the 42nd (Rainbow) Division during the first World War, and miscellaneous letters, documents, photographs, published works, and one diary illuminating various aspects of the General's public career and personal life.","William L. Clements Library , University of Michigan","United States. Army--Artillery.","United States. Army--Artillery--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Communication Systems.","United States. Army--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Equipment.","United States. Army--Field Service.","United States. Army--History.","United States. Army--Information Services.","United States. Army--Medals, Badges, Decorations, etc.","United States. Army--Organization.","United States. Army--Records and Correspondence.","United States. Army--Safety Measures.","United States. Army--Sanitary Affairs.","United States. Army. Infantry Division, 42nd.","Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)","Brooks, Louise Cromwell.","Fish, Hamilton, 1849-1936.","Adams, Florence.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969.","Granara, J. Ralph.","Hughes, William.","Hunt, Haroldson L.","Kean, Robert Winthrop.","Luhrs, H. Ernst.","MacArthur, Arthur, 1845-1912.","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964.","MacArthur, Jean Faircloth.","Mark, Clark.","Menoher, Charles Thomas, 1862-1930 ","Rhodes, Weldon E.","Sutherland, Kenneth A.","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972.","The material is in  English"],"unitid_tesim":["wclmss001314"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"collection_title_tesim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"collection_ssim":["Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. William L. Clements Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. William L. Clements Library"],"creator_ssm":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)"],"creator_ssim":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)"],"creator_persname_ssim":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)"],"creators_ssim":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)"],"acqinfo_ssim":[" Donated by D. N. Diedrich, 1987-2013.   M-2370 et al ."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Aisne, Battle of the, France, 1918.","Argonne, Battle of the, 1918.","Chateau-Thierry, Battle of, 1918.","Chemical Warfare.","Chemical Warfare--Safety Measures.","Chemical Weapons.","Communications, Military.","Gases, Asphyxiating and Poisonous--War Use.","Marne, 2nd Battle of the, France, 1918.","Military Assistance, French.","Military Intelligence.","Military Reconnaissance.","Saint-Mihiel (France), Battle of, 1918.","Signals and Signaling.","United States. Army.","United States--History--1913-1921.","World War, 1914-1918.","World War, 1914-1918--Aerial Operations.","World War, 1914-1918--Campaigns-France.","Books.","Diaries.","Diaries.","Letters (correspondence)","Newspapers.","Orders (military records)","Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Aisne, Battle of the, France, 1918.","Argonne, Battle of the, 1918.","Chateau-Thierry, Battle of, 1918.","Chemical Warfare.","Chemical Warfare--Safety Measures.","Chemical Weapons.","Communications, Military.","Gases, Asphyxiating and Poisonous--War Use.","Marne, 2nd Battle of the, France, 1918.","Military Assistance, French.","Military Intelligence.","Military Reconnaissance.","Saint-Mihiel (France), Battle of, 1918.","Signals and Signaling.","United States. Army.","United States--History--1913-1921.","World War, 1914-1918.","World War, 1914-1918--Aerial Operations.","World War, 1914-1918--Campaigns-France.","Books.","Diaries.","Diaries.","Letters (correspondence)","Newspapers.","Orders (military records)","Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["885 items"],"extent_tesim":["885 items"],"arrangement_html_tesm":["\u003clist\u003e\n            \u003chead\u003eThe Douglas MacArthur collection has been organized into four series.  Within these series, the papers are separated into distinct sub-series groups.\u003c/head\u003e\n            \u003citem\u003eSeries I: Correspondence and diaries\u003clist\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series I: Letters and diary to Florence Adams (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series II: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell (Brooks) MacArthur (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series III: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr. (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series IV: Miscellaneous letters and documents pertaining to Douglas MacArthur (Box 1)\u003c/item\u003e\n               \u003c/list\u003e\n            \u003c/item\u003e\n            \u003citem\u003eSeries II: Papers related to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division\u003clist\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series I: Military documents to the 42nd Division from external military units (Boxes 1-2)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series II: Military documents from the 42nd Division to various military units (Boxes 2-4)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series III: Internal military documents from and to various military units in the 42nd Division. (Box 5)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series IV: Kenneth A. Sutherland Notebook. (Box 6)\u003c/item\u003e\n               \u003c/list\u003e\n            \u003c/item\u003e\n            \u003citem\u003eSeries III: Photographs and miscellaneous papers pertaining to Douglas MacArthur\u003clist\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series I: Aerial photographs and negatives, 91st Reconnaissance Squadron. (Box 7)\u003c/item\u003e\n                  \u003citem\u003eSub-series II: Miscellaneous photographs and papers. (Box 8)\u003c/item\u003e\n               \u003c/list\u003e\n            \u003c/item\u003e\n            \u003citem\u003eSeries IV:  Published works.\u003c/item\u003e\n         \u003c/list\u003e"],"arrangement_tesim":["The Douglas MacArthur collection has been organized into four series.  Within these series, the papers are separated into distinct sub-series groups. Series I: Correspondence and diaries Sub-series I: Letters and diary to Florence Adams (Box 1) Sub-series II: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Louise Cromwell (Brooks) MacArthur (Box 1) Sub-series III: Letters from Douglas MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr. (Box 1) Sub-series IV: Miscellaneous letters and documents pertaining to Douglas MacArthur (Box 1) Series II: Papers related to the 42nd (Rainbow) Division Sub-series I: Military documents to the 42nd Division from external military units (Boxes 1-2) Sub-series II: Military documents from the 42nd Division to various military units (Boxes 2-4) Sub-series III: Internal military documents from and to various military units in the 42nd Division. (Box 5) Sub-series IV: Kenneth A. Sutherland Notebook. (Box 6) Series III: Photographs and miscellaneous papers pertaining to Douglas MacArthur Sub-series I: Aerial photographs and negatives, 91st Reconnaissance Squadron. (Box 7) Sub-series II: Miscellaneous photographs and papers. (Box 8) Series IV:  Published works."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e\n            \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\n               \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eDouglas MacArthur\u003c/emph\u003e\n            \u003c/emph\u003e\n         \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDouglas MacArthur was born on January 26, 1880, the youngest child of (Capt.) Arthur MacArthur (1845-1912) and Mary Pinkney Hardy (1852-1935). His siblings were Arthur (1876-1923), and Malcolm (1878-1883), who died before his seventh birthday. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eDouglas MacArthur graduated from West Texas Military Academy in 1897 as valedictorian and two years later entered West Point.  In 1903 he graduated as First Captain, West Point's highest honor.  In September 1903, he joined the 3rd Battalion Engineers in San Francisco, and almost immediately was sent to Manila, Philippines. The next year he was promoted to First Lieutenant, and in 1906 returned to the United States.  After being made Captain of Engineers at Leavenworth in 1911, MacArthur was assigned to Vera Cruz to report information to the War Department.  While serving as military aide to the Secretary of War in 1916, he conceived the idea of expanding the existing National Guard through volunteer enlistment and turned into combat divisions - an idea that would be used for the formation of the 42nd Division. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn 1917, MacArthur was appointed Colonel and Chief of Staff of the 42nd (Rainbow) Division.  As Commander of the 84th Infantry Brigade, he led his troops during the vitally important Argonne Campaign in the last months of the war.  In 1919, the 42nd Division returned to the United States, and MacArthur accepted an appointment as Superintendent of West Point.  While there, he became permanent Brigadier General.  MacArthur married Louise Cromwell Brooks in 1922, the year he was posted to command the Philippine Division, but they divorced seven years later. In November 1929, MacArthur was promoted to General and chosen as the man to replace General Summerall as the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army.  In 1937, MacArthur married a second time - to Jean Marie Faircloth, and they had a son, Arthur, a year later. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn December 1941, the Japanese Army attacked and defeated MacArthur's Philippine Army on the Bataan Peninsula.  The following March, MacArthur was ordered from the Philippines to command the Allied troops with Thomas Blamey.  For six months, MacArthur concentrated on the defense of New Guinea, which led to an ambitious counter-attack in January and February 1943.  On the day the Japanese surrendered, MacArthur was appointed Supreme Commander of Allied Powers. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eMacArthur remained in occupied Japan until 1950, orchestrating the reformation of the post-war country.  On the 29th of June, 1950, MacArthur went to South Korea with American forces to assess the situation after North Korea's invasion of South Korea.  This assessment led to Truman's commitment of U.S. troops to a ground war in Korea.  The North Koreans abandoned Seoul on September 28, 1950, after MacArthur's successful military plan to attack through Inchon.  As a result of the success of this campaign, China decided to enter the Korean War.  MacArthur was ordered by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Secretary of Defense, in conjunction with a U.N. resolution, to proceed north of the 38th parallel.  Chinese troops attacked, leading to the withdrawal of MacArthur's troops back south of the 38th.  By this time, MacArthur had disobeyed the military order to employ only Korean forces in the frontier provinces.  On the 24th of March, MacArthur issued a lengthy communiqué complaining about the restrictions on his forces and taunted the enemy for their lack of industrial power and inability to maintain even moderate air and naval power. This pronouncement and his previous insubordination caused President Truman to relieve MacArthur of his command. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn April 1951, General Douglas MacArthur returned to San Francisco to thousands of cheering citizens.  On April 19 he presented his case regarding his relief of command to a joint session of congress.  During his remaining years, MacArthur traveled throughout the United States to make speeches, in which he often denounced communists and socialists, and spoke of corrupt administration and heavy taxation. At the age of 84, on April 5, 1964, Douglas MacArthur died in a hospital in Washington.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003e\n            \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003e\n               \u003cemph render=\"underline\"\u003eThe 42nd (Rainbow) Division\u003c/emph\u003e\n            \u003c/emph\u003e\n         \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Rainbow Division was created in 1917 as a composite division of members of the Regular Army and the National Guard solely for use in the war in Europe.  The 42nd arrived in Europe in 1917 as the war was entering a new phase: Russia had dropped out of the war, America was joining the war, and Germany was racing to provide tremendous reinforcement before the American forces arrived. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eIn February 1918 the 42nd Division, part of the First U.S. Army Corps, was ordered to the Luneville area for a month of training with French units from the 7th French Army Corps.  While there, the Rainbow Division distinguished itself as \"a first class combat Division.\" \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe first assignment for the 42nd was to relieve the 128th French Infantry Division from the Baccarat Sector.  In the war, this was the first time an American Division held a Sector on its own.  The Division successfully held the Baccarat Sector until relief orders were sent on June 16, 1918.  Two weeks later, the 42nd Division went to the front at the Battle of Champagne alongside the 21st French Army Corps.  After an attack by the Germans on the fifteenth of July, the 42nd assisted in the Champagne defense until the end of the battle (July 18).  The Sixth French Army Corps was given the Rainbow Division to pursue the supposedly retreating enemy at the Battle of the Ourcq from July 25-July 27, 1918. From July 28-August 1st, the Allies captured strongpoints of the German position.  August 2-August 3rd, the 42nd Division assisted in pursuing the enemy until relieved by the 4th Regular Division. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eAfter the Battle of the Ourcq, Douglas MacArthur was given command of the 84th Infantry Brigade (William Hughes, Jr., replaced him as Chief of Staff, 42nd Division).  In September, the Rainbow Division, then under the 4th American Army Corps, was ordered to attack the center of the south side of the San Mihiel Salient and was assigned to the defense of the Essey-Pannes Sector until September 30, when it was relieved by the 89th Division. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eOn October 11-12, 1918, the Rainbow Division relieved the 1st Division on the Verdun front.  In order to break the 2nd German line of defense, the hill called The Cote de Chatillon had to be taken.  From October 13-16, Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur commanded the 84th Infantry Division to the successful capture of Hill 288 (a strongly fortified point on the Kreimhilde Stellung), the Tuilerie Ferme, and the Cote de Chatillon (beyond the enemy's strong line of resistance). \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe next attack took place November 1, 1918.  The 42nd Division provided machine gun fire for the advancement of the 2nd and 89th Divisions.  After this victory, and as a result of divisional rivalry (and a difference in opinion as to the exact nature of a memorandum), the 42nd and the 1st Divisions (of the First American Army Corps and the 5th American Army Corps respectively) 'raced' for the glory of partaking in the (potential) final engagement of the war, in Sedan.  On November 6-7, the Rainbow, the 4th French Army, and the 1st and 77th American Divisions, fought south of the Meuse (south of Sedan).  The fighting ended when the enemy requested an armistice on November 9, 1918.  The 42nd Division backed off and was able to claim that the Americans who got closest to Sedan were members of the 166th Infantry of the 83rd Infantry Brigade.  The armistice was signed two days later. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe 42nd Division remained in France and occupied Germany until May 1, 1919, when the last unit arrived home. Less than two weeks later, the last Brigade was demobilized. \u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biography"],"bioghist_tesim":["Douglas MacArthur","Douglas MacArthur was born on January 26, 1880, the youngest child of (Capt.) Arthur MacArthur (1845-1912) and Mary Pinkney Hardy (1852-1935). His siblings were Arthur (1876-1923), and Malcolm (1878-1883), who died before his seventh birthday. ","Douglas MacArthur graduated from West Texas Military Academy in 1897 as valedictorian and two years later entered West Point.  In 1903 he graduated as First Captain, West Point's highest honor.  In September 1903, he joined the 3rd Battalion Engineers in San Francisco, and almost immediately was sent to Manila, Philippines. The next year he was promoted to First Lieutenant, and in 1906 returned to the United States.  After being made Captain of Engineers at Leavenworth in 1911, MacArthur was assigned to Vera Cruz to report information to the War Department.  While serving as military aide to the Secretary of War in 1916, he conceived the idea of expanding the existing National Guard through volunteer enlistment and turned into combat divisions - an idea that would be used for the formation of the 42nd Division. ","In 1917, MacArthur was appointed Colonel and Chief of Staff of the 42nd (Rainbow) Division.  As Commander of the 84th Infantry Brigade, he led his troops during the vitally important Argonne Campaign in the last months of the war.  In 1919, the 42nd Division returned to the United States, and MacArthur accepted an appointment as Superintendent of West Point.  While there, he became permanent Brigadier General.  MacArthur married Louise Cromwell Brooks in 1922, the year he was posted to command the Philippine Division, but they divorced seven years later. In November 1929, MacArthur was promoted to General and chosen as the man to replace General Summerall as the Chief of Staff, U.S. Army.  In 1937, MacArthur married a second time - to Jean Marie Faircloth, and they had a son, Arthur, a year later. ","In December 1941, the Japanese Army attacked and defeated MacArthur's Philippine Army on the Bataan Peninsula.  The following March, MacArthur was ordered from the Philippines to command the Allied troops with Thomas Blamey.  For six months, MacArthur concentrated on the defense of New Guinea, which led to an ambitious counter-attack in January and February 1943.  On the day the Japanese surrendered, MacArthur was appointed Supreme Commander of Allied Powers. ","MacArthur remained in occupied Japan until 1950, orchestrating the reformation of the post-war country.  On the 29th of June, 1950, MacArthur went to South Korea with American forces to assess the situation after North Korea's invasion of South Korea.  This assessment led to Truman's commitment of U.S. troops to a ground war in Korea.  The North Koreans abandoned Seoul on September 28, 1950, after MacArthur's successful military plan to attack through Inchon.  As a result of the success of this campaign, China decided to enter the Korean War.  MacArthur was ordered by the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Secretary of Defense, in conjunction with a U.N. resolution, to proceed north of the 38th parallel.  Chinese troops attacked, leading to the withdrawal of MacArthur's troops back south of the 38th.  By this time, MacArthur had disobeyed the military order to employ only Korean forces in the frontier provinces.  On the 24th of March, MacArthur issued a lengthy communiqué complaining about the restrictions on his forces and taunted the enemy for their lack of industrial power and inability to maintain even moderate air and naval power. This pronouncement and his previous insubordination caused President Truman to relieve MacArthur of his command. ","In April 1951, General Douglas MacArthur returned to San Francisco to thousands of cheering citizens.  On April 19 he presented his case regarding his relief of command to a joint session of congress.  During his remaining years, MacArthur traveled throughout the United States to make speeches, in which he often denounced communists and socialists, and spoke of corrupt administration and heavy taxation. At the age of 84, on April 5, 1964, Douglas MacArthur died in a hospital in Washington.","The 42nd (Rainbow) Division","The Rainbow Division was created in 1917 as a composite division of members of the Regular Army and the National Guard solely for use in the war in Europe.  The 42nd arrived in Europe in 1917 as the war was entering a new phase: Russia had dropped out of the war, America was joining the war, and Germany was racing to provide tremendous reinforcement before the American forces arrived. ","In February 1918 the 42nd Division, part of the First U.S. Army Corps, was ordered to the Luneville area for a month of training with French units from the 7th French Army Corps.  While there, the Rainbow Division distinguished itself as \"a first class combat Division.\" ","The first assignment for the 42nd was to relieve the 128th French Infantry Division from the Baccarat Sector.  In the war, this was the first time an American Division held a Sector on its own.  The Division successfully held the Baccarat Sector until relief orders were sent on June 16, 1918.  Two weeks later, the 42nd Division went to the front at the Battle of Champagne alongside the 21st French Army Corps.  After an attack by the Germans on the fifteenth of July, the 42nd assisted in the Champagne defense until the end of the battle (July 18).  The Sixth French Army Corps was given the Rainbow Division to pursue the supposedly retreating enemy at the Battle of the Ourcq from July 25-July 27, 1918. From July 28-August 1st, the Allies captured strongpoints of the German position.  August 2-August 3rd, the 42nd Division assisted in pursuing the enemy until relieved by the 4th Regular Division. ","After the Battle of the Ourcq, Douglas MacArthur was given command of the 84th Infantry Brigade (William Hughes, Jr., replaced him as Chief of Staff, 42nd Division).  In September, the Rainbow Division, then under the 4th American Army Corps, was ordered to attack the center of the south side of the San Mihiel Salient and was assigned to the defense of the Essey-Pannes Sector until September 30, when it was relieved by the 89th Division. ","On October 11-12, 1918, the Rainbow Division relieved the 1st Division on the Verdun front.  In order to break the 2nd German line of defense, the hill called The Cote de Chatillon had to be taken.  From October 13-16, Brigadier General Douglas MacArthur commanded the 84th Infantry Division to the successful capture of Hill 288 (a strongly fortified point on the Kreimhilde Stellung), the Tuilerie Ferme, and the Cote de Chatillon (beyond the enemy's strong line of resistance). ","The next attack took place November 1, 1918.  The 42nd Division provided machine gun fire for the advancement of the 2nd and 89th Divisions.  After this victory, and as a result of divisional rivalry (and a difference in opinion as to the exact nature of a memorandum), the 42nd and the 1st Divisions (of the First American Army Corps and the 5th American Army Corps respectively) 'raced' for the glory of partaking in the (potential) final engagement of the war, in Sedan.  On November 6-7, the Rainbow, the 4th French Army, and the 1st and 77th American Divisions, fought south of the Meuse (south of Sedan).  The fighting ended when the enemy requested an armistice on November 9, 1918.  The 42nd Division backed off and was able to claim that the Americans who got closest to Sedan were members of the 166th Infantry of the 83rd Infantry Brigade.  The armistice was signed two days later. ","The 42nd Division remained in France and occupied Germany until May 1, 1919, when the last unit arrived home. Less than two weeks later, the last Brigade was demobilized. "],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe MacArthur collection contains 885 letters, documents, photographs, and published works dating from March 23, 1885, to July 5, 1983. The bulk of the material (710 items) consists of military documents and manuscript notes from September 8, 1917 to January 27, 1919.  \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe military materials include general orders, field orders, field messages, memoranda, intelligence, and communications, related to the U.S. 42nd Division (The Rainbow Division), A.E.F., founded in 1917.  The majority of the collection falls during the period of time from late 1917 to early August 1918, when Douglas MacArthur was Chief of Staff for the 42nd Division.  Documents from military units that fought alongside the 42nd Division (both French and American), the U.S. Chemical Warfare, and the Intelligence Divisions -- as well as various German, French, and American communications -- are included.  Organizational documents, such as training schedules, and march tables, are also present.  A considerable number, if not all, of these materials must have been approved or viewed by MacArthur, and many of the items in this collection bear his initials or the initials of his information assistant, William Hughes, Jr.  From early August 1918 until the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918, MacArthur acted as the commanding officer for the 84th Infantry Brigade, and several military orders bear his name. \u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSeventy-six letters in the collection (located in Box 1) are either from Douglas MacArthur or pertain in some way to him.  Six of these items, dated 1904, pertain to MacArthur and Florence Adams, whom he met in the Philippines, including a 46-page diary MacArthur wrote to Adams while he was on board a ship from Manila to the United States.  Five letters, dated 1921 and 1925, are written by MacArthur to Louise Brooks who became Mrs. Douglas MacArthur in 1922.  These letters contain both romantic content as well as personal reflections on the events in MacArthur's life at the time.  Also included are nine letters from MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr., dated 1921-1934.  The remainder of the correspondence is a miscellaneous collection of letters written by Douglas MacArthur, Jean MacArthur, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Harry S. Truman, and others.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Douglas MacArthur collection also contains a notebook kept by Kenneth A. Sutherland, veteran of the 42nd Division, which contains a selection of items related to the Division's post-war activities and reunions; 40 aerial photographs and negatives taken by the 91st Reconnaissance Squadron, October 10, 1918; several photographs of Douglas MacArthur; thirteen published works by or about the General; and other miscellaneous materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The MacArthur collection contains 885 letters, documents, photographs, and published works dating from March 23, 1885, to July 5, 1983. The bulk of the material (710 items) consists of military documents and manuscript notes from September 8, 1917 to January 27, 1919.  ","The military materials include general orders, field orders, field messages, memoranda, intelligence, and communications, related to the U.S. 42nd Division (The Rainbow Division), A.E.F., founded in 1917.  The majority of the collection falls during the period of time from late 1917 to early August 1918, when Douglas MacArthur was Chief of Staff for the 42nd Division.  Documents from military units that fought alongside the 42nd Division (both French and American), the U.S. Chemical Warfare, and the Intelligence Divisions -- as well as various German, French, and American communications -- are included.  Organizational documents, such as training schedules, and march tables, are also present.  A considerable number, if not all, of these materials must have been approved or viewed by MacArthur, and many of the items in this collection bear his initials or the initials of his information assistant, William Hughes, Jr.  From early August 1918 until the armistice was signed on November 11, 1918, MacArthur acted as the commanding officer for the 84th Infantry Brigade, and several military orders bear his name. ","Seventy-six letters in the collection (located in Box 1) are either from Douglas MacArthur or pertain in some way to him.  Six of these items, dated 1904, pertain to MacArthur and Florence Adams, whom he met in the Philippines, including a 46-page diary MacArthur wrote to Adams while he was on board a ship from Manila to the United States.  Five letters, dated 1921 and 1925, are written by MacArthur to Louise Brooks who became Mrs. Douglas MacArthur in 1922.  These letters contain both romantic content as well as personal reflections on the events in MacArthur's life at the time.  Also included are nine letters from MacArthur to Hamilton Fish, Jr., dated 1921-1934.  The remainder of the correspondence is a miscellaneous collection of letters written by Douglas MacArthur, Jean MacArthur, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Harry S. Truman, and others.","The Douglas MacArthur collection also contains a notebook kept by Kenneth A. Sutherland, veteran of the 42nd Division, which contains a selection of items related to the Division's post-war activities and reunions; 40 aerial photographs and negatives taken by the 91st Reconnaissance Squadron, October 10, 1918; several photographs of Douglas MacArthur; thirteen published works by or about the General; and other miscellaneous materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract\u003eThe Douglas MacArthur collection is made up of military documents related to General Douglas MacArthur and the 42nd (Rainbow) Division during the first World War, and miscellaneous letters, documents, photographs, published works, and one diary illuminating various aspects of the General's public career and personal life.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["The Douglas MacArthur collection is made up of military documents related to General Douglas MacArthur and the 42nd (Rainbow) Division during the first World War, and miscellaneous letters, documents, photographs, published works, and one diary illuminating various aspects of the General's public career and personal life."],"names_ssim":["William L. Clements Library , University of Michigan","United States. Army--Artillery.","United States. Army--Artillery--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Communication Systems.","United States. Army--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Equipment.","United States. Army--Field Service.","United States. Army--History.","United States. Army--Information Services.","United States. Army--Medals, Badges, Decorations, etc.","United States. Army--Organization.","United States. Army--Records and Correspondence.","United States. Army--Safety Measures.","United States. Army--Sanitary Affairs.","United States. Army. Infantry Division, 42nd.","Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)","Brooks, Louise Cromwell.","Fish, Hamilton, 1849-1936.","Adams, Florence.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969.","Granara, J. Ralph.","Hughes, William.","Hunt, Haroldson L.","Kean, Robert Winthrop.","Luhrs, H. Ernst.","MacArthur, Arthur, 1845-1912.","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964.","MacArthur, Jean Faircloth.","Mark, Clark.","Menoher, Charles Thomas, 1862-1930 ","Rhodes, Weldon E.","Sutherland, Kenneth A.","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972."],"corpname_ssim":["William L. Clements Library , University of Michigan","United States. Army--Artillery.","United States. Army--Artillery--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Communication Systems.","United States. Army--Drill and Tactics.","United States. Army--Equipment.","United States. Army--Field Service.","United States. Army--History.","United States. Army--Information Services.","United States. Army--Medals, Badges, Decorations, etc.","United States. Army--Organization.","United States. Army--Records and Correspondence.","United States. Army--Safety Measures.","United States. Army--Sanitary Affairs.","United States. Army. Infantry Division, 42nd."],"persname_ssim":["Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)","Brooks, Louise Cromwell.","Fish, Hamilton, 1849-1936.","Adams, Florence.","Eisenhower, Dwight D. (Dwight David), 1890-1969.","Granara, J. Ralph.","Hughes, William.","Hunt, Haroldson L.","Kean, Robert Winthrop.","Luhrs, H. Ernst.","MacArthur, Arthur, 1845-1912.","MacArthur, Douglas, 1880-1964.","MacArthur, Jean Faircloth.","Mark, Clark.","Menoher, Charles Thomas, 1862-1930 ","Rhodes, Weldon E.","Sutherland, Kenneth A.","Truman, Harry S., 1884-1972."],"language_ssim":["The material is in  English"],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":154,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-wcl-M-2370mac","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:25:17.168Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-wcl-M-2370mac_al_a1b85d5af6cea949749e7332d58fa46d61e38acd"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-0234_aspace_bdb27e612eb37078f1965cc06e626de5","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Mary Brightwell Edwards paper, 1981","highlight":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-0234_aspace_bdb27e612eb37078f1965cc06e626de5#highlight","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Mary Brightwell Edwards \u003cem\u003epaper\u003c/em\u003e, 1981\u003cbr/\u003eAbdeen Jabara \u003cem\u003epapers\u003c/em\u003e, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993","label":"Highlight"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-0234_aspace_bdb27e612eb37078f1965cc06e626de5#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_bdb27e612eb37078f1965cc06e626de5","ref_ssm":["aspace_bdb27e612eb37078f1965cc06e626de5","aspace_bdb27e612eb37078f1965cc06e626de5"],"id":"umich-bhl-0234_aspace_bdb27e612eb37078f1965cc06e626de5","title_filing_ssi":"Mary Brightwell Edwards paper","title_ssm":["Mary Brightwell Edwards paper"],"title_tesim":["Mary Brightwell Edwards paper"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1981"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1981"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Mary Brightwell Edwards paper, 1981"],"text":["Mary Brightwell Edwards paper, 1981","Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993","Litigation/Court Cases","Ziad (Ziyad) Abu Eain Defense","box 7"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-0234","aspace_6ecf7d59a1116af0e6f62f241e4914fa","aspace_fc06d75b1ea9d4d2e94256cbb9543953"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_fc06d75b1ea9d4d2e94256cbb9543953","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-0234","umich-bhl-0234_aspace_6ecf7d59a1116af0e6f62f241e4914fa","umich-bhl-0234_aspace_fc06d75b1ea9d4d2e94256cbb9543953"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993","Litigation/Court Cases","Ziad (Ziyad) Abu Eain Defense"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993","Litigation/Court Cases","Ziad (Ziyad) Abu Eain Defense"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series","Subseries"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":100,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open to research except for indicated restricted files which require the written permission of the donor for access. These files open with the passing of Mr. Jabara."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Abdeen M. Jabara reserves copyright during his lifetime. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"date_range_isim":[1981],"containers_ssim":["box 7"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#9/components#15","_nest_parent_":"umich-bhl-0234_aspace_fc06d75b1ea9d4d2e94256cbb9543953","_root_":"umich-bhl-0234","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:16.849Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-0234","title_ssm":["Abdeen Jabara papers"],"title_tesim":["Abdeen Jabara papers"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-0234","unitdate_ssm":["1956-1994","1968-1993"],"unitdate_bulk_ssim":["1968-1993"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1956-1994"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["0234 Aa 2"],"text":["0234 Aa 2","Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993","Israel -- Relations -- Lebanon.","Lebanon -- Relations -- Israel.","Arab Americans -- Civil rights.","Arab Americans -- Michigan.","Human rights -- Israel.","Human rights -- Palestine.","Lawyers -- Michigan.","Photographs.","The collection is open to research except for indicated restricted files which require the written permission of the donor for access. These files open with the passing of Mr. Jabara.","No further additions to the papers are expected.","Abdeen M. Jabara was born in Mancelona, Michigan in 1940 to Lebanese parents who had immigrated to the United States in the early 20th century, eventually settling in northern Michigan. Jabara took an interest in Middle Eastern affairs throughout his youth and upon graduation from high school in 1958 decided to attend the University of Michigan, largely because the school offered courses in Arabic and had a prominent Arab student population. During his early undergraduate years Jabara determined that in order to learn the Arabic language properly he would have to immerse himself in that culture and so he spent five months living in Cairo, Egypt. He then journeyed by freighter to Lebanon to visit his father's village, where he met his uncle for the first time."," Upon returning from this trip, Jabara's focus centered more on the completion of his undergraduate education at Michigan than on Middle East issues. However, during his years of law school at Wayne State University in Detroit he gradually became more involved with civil rights issues and founded a local chapter of the Civil Rights Research Council. He graduated from law school in 1965 and returned to Lebanon to further develop his Arabic language skills through additional schooling."," Jabara returned to Detroit in 1966 to open his law practice. In 1967, the Arab-Israeli war and the anti-Arab sentiment it created prompted Jabara to become heavily involved with Arab-American issues. Academics of Arab heritage met at the University of Michigan to discuss the political situation and formed the Association of Arab-American University Graduates (AAUG) in 1968. The mission of the AAUG was to promote educational and cultural activities and information about the Arab world and the Arab-American community. Jabara served as the first executive secretary and was later elected president of the group in 1972."," In 1970, Jabara joined the law firm of Lafferty, Reosti, Jabara, Papakhian, Stickgold, James and Smith in Detroit. For the next decade and a half he would fight for the rights of Arabs living or traveling in the United States as well as political activists in general. He did so by challenging the practice of collecting information and maintaining surveillance of Arabs and Arab Americans by such institutions as the Detroit and Michigan State Police, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Secretary of State. Jabara's own case against the FBI, for which he enlisted the help of the ACLU, finally ended in victory in 1984 with the FBI agreeing to destroy his file and acknowledging that collecting the information found within the file violated his constitutional rights."," Throughout his legal career Jabara would take on nationally prominent cases of Arabs and Arab-Americans. Such cases included Sirhan B. Sirhan, convicted in the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy in 1968, and Ziad Abu Eain, wanted for extradition to Israel for a 1979 Palestine Liberation Organization bombing."," Jabara was also involved in the National Lawyer's Guild, an organization founded as an alternative to the more conservative American Bar Association. In 1977 he traveled to Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and the Occupied Territories as part of the NLG's Middle East delegation to report on the condition and treatment of Palestinians living in the Occupied Territories. Jabara became president of the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee in 1986. The ADC, founded by former Senator James Abourezk in 1980, devoted itself to the protection of the rights of people of Arab descent and promoting their cultural heritage. Jabara now (2002) works for the ADC Research Institute in Washington D.C. He recently worked as part of the defense team for Omar Ahmad Ali Abdel Rahman, accused of plotting to blow up New York City landmarks and the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center. Jabara resides in New York City.","The collection has been divided into two series: Litigation/Court Cases and Political and Cultural Activities. The many files of correspondence and press clippings document the types of legal and political battles and causes that Jabara has tackled throughout his career. A limited amount of material in the collection is in Arabic, mostly correspondence and press clippings, and is noted as such in the contents list.","Abdeen M. Jabara reserves copyright during his lifetime. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","New York attorney originally based in Detroit. Jabara was concerned with issues of civil rights of Arab Americans and the rights of Arabs living or traveling in the United States. He challenged practice of law enforcement agencies to collect information and maintain surveillance of Arabs and Arab Americans. Jabara was involved in the murder trial of Sirhan Sirhan and the extradition case of Ziad Abu Eain. Litigation and case files; subject files regarding his Arab American activism, organizational involvements, and participation in the Middle East delegation of the National Lawyers Guild.","Bentley Historical Library","American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee.","B'nai B'rith. Anti-defamation League.","National Lawyers Guild.","Jabara, Abdeen.","Abu Ayn, Ziyad.","Jabara, Abdeen, 1940-","Sirhan, Sirhan Bishara, 1944- -- Trials, litigation, etc.","English","The material is in  English  and  Arabic ."],"unitid_tesim":["0234 Aa 2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993"],"collection_title_tesim":["Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993"],"collection_ssim":["Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"geogname_ssm":["Israel -- Relations -- Lebanon.","Lebanon -- Relations -- Israel."],"geogname_ssim":["Israel -- Relations -- Lebanon.","Lebanon -- Relations -- Israel."],"creator_ssm":["Jabara, Abdeen."],"creator_ssim":["Jabara, Abdeen."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Jabara, Abdeen."],"creators_ssim":["Jabara, Abdeen."],"places_ssim":["Israel -- Relations -- Lebanon.","Lebanon -- Relations -- Israel."],"access_terms_ssm":["Abdeen M. Jabara reserves copyright during his lifetime. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["This collection was donated by Abdeen M. Jabara (Donor No.  9120 ) and came to the library in August, 2001. Additions were received in 2007 and in 2012."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Arab Americans -- Civil rights.","Arab Americans -- Michigan.","Human rights -- Israel.","Human rights -- Palestine.","Lawyers -- Michigan.","Photographs."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Arab Americans -- Civil rights.","Arab Americans -- Michigan.","Human rights -- Israel.","Human rights -- Palestine.","Lawyers -- Michigan.","Photographs."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["14.4 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["14.4 linear feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Photographs."],"date_range_isim":[1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open to research except for indicated restricted files which require the written permission of the donor for access. These files open with the passing of Mr. Jabara.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open to research except for indicated restricted files which require the written permission of the donor for access. These files open with the passing of Mr. Jabara."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNo further additions to the papers are expected.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["No further additions to the papers are expected."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAbdeen M. Jabara was born in Mancelona, Michigan in 1940 to Lebanese parents who had immigrated to the United States in the early 20th century, eventually settling in northern Michigan. Jabara took an interest in Middle Eastern affairs throughout his youth and upon graduation from high school in 1958 decided to attend the University of Michigan, largely because the school offered courses in Arabic and had a prominent Arab student population. During his early undergraduate years Jabara determined that in order to learn the Arabic language properly he would have to immerse himself in that culture and so he spent five months living in Cairo, Egypt. He then journeyed by freighter to Lebanon to visit his father's village, where he met his uncle for the first time.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Upon returning from this trip, Jabara's focus centered more on the completion of his undergraduate education at Michigan than on Middle East issues. However, during his years of law school at Wayne State University in Detroit he gradually became more involved with civil rights issues and founded a local chapter of the Civil Rights Research Council. He graduated from law school in 1965 and returned to Lebanon to further develop his Arabic language skills through additional schooling.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Jabara returned to Detroit in 1966 to open his law practice. In 1967, the Arab-Israeli war and the anti-Arab sentiment it created prompted Jabara to become heavily involved with Arab-American issues. Academics of Arab heritage met at the University of Michigan to discuss the political situation and formed the Association of Arab-American University Graduates (AAUG) in 1968. The mission of the AAUG was to promote educational and cultural activities and information about the Arab world and the Arab-American community. Jabara served as the first executive secretary and was later elected president of the group in 1972.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1970, Jabara joined the law firm of Lafferty, Reosti, Jabara, Papakhian, Stickgold, James and Smith in Detroit. For the next decade and a half he would fight for the rights of Arabs living or traveling in the United States as well as political activists in general. He did so by challenging the practice of collecting information and maintaining surveillance of Arabs and Arab Americans by such institutions as the Detroit and Michigan State Police, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Secretary of State. Jabara's own case against the FBI, for which he enlisted the help of the ACLU, finally ended in victory in 1984 with the FBI agreeing to destroy his file and acknowledging that collecting the information found within the file violated his constitutional rights.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Throughout his legal career Jabara would take on nationally prominent cases of Arabs and Arab-Americans. Such cases included Sirhan B. Sirhan, convicted in the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy in 1968, and Ziad Abu Eain, wanted for extradition to Israel for a 1979 Palestine Liberation Organization bombing.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Jabara was also involved in the National Lawyer's Guild, an organization founded as an alternative to the more conservative American Bar Association. In 1977 he traveled to Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and the Occupied Territories as part of the NLG's Middle East delegation to report on the condition and treatment of Palestinians living in the Occupied Territories. Jabara became president of the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee in 1986. The ADC, founded by former Senator James Abourezk in 1980, devoted itself to the protection of the rights of people of Arab descent and promoting their cultural heritage. Jabara now (2002) works for the ADC Research Institute in Washington D.C. He recently worked as part of the defense team for Omar Ahmad Ali Abdel Rahman, accused of plotting to blow up New York City landmarks and the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center. Jabara resides in New York City.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["Abdeen M. Jabara was born in Mancelona, Michigan in 1940 to Lebanese parents who had immigrated to the United States in the early 20th century, eventually settling in northern Michigan. Jabara took an interest in Middle Eastern affairs throughout his youth and upon graduation from high school in 1958 decided to attend the University of Michigan, largely because the school offered courses in Arabic and had a prominent Arab student population. During his early undergraduate years Jabara determined that in order to learn the Arabic language properly he would have to immerse himself in that culture and so he spent five months living in Cairo, Egypt. He then journeyed by freighter to Lebanon to visit his father's village, where he met his uncle for the first time."," Upon returning from this trip, Jabara's focus centered more on the completion of his undergraduate education at Michigan than on Middle East issues. However, during his years of law school at Wayne State University in Detroit he gradually became more involved with civil rights issues and founded a local chapter of the Civil Rights Research Council. He graduated from law school in 1965 and returned to Lebanon to further develop his Arabic language skills through additional schooling."," Jabara returned to Detroit in 1966 to open his law practice. In 1967, the Arab-Israeli war and the anti-Arab sentiment it created prompted Jabara to become heavily involved with Arab-American issues. Academics of Arab heritage met at the University of Michigan to discuss the political situation and formed the Association of Arab-American University Graduates (AAUG) in 1968. The mission of the AAUG was to promote educational and cultural activities and information about the Arab world and the Arab-American community. Jabara served as the first executive secretary and was later elected president of the group in 1972."," In 1970, Jabara joined the law firm of Lafferty, Reosti, Jabara, Papakhian, Stickgold, James and Smith in Detroit. For the next decade and a half he would fight for the rights of Arabs living or traveling in the United States as well as political activists in general. He did so by challenging the practice of collecting information and maintaining surveillance of Arabs and Arab Americans by such institutions as the Detroit and Michigan State Police, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, and the Secretary of State. Jabara's own case against the FBI, for which he enlisted the help of the ACLU, finally ended in victory in 1984 with the FBI agreeing to destroy his file and acknowledging that collecting the information found within the file violated his constitutional rights."," Throughout his legal career Jabara would take on nationally prominent cases of Arabs and Arab-Americans. Such cases included Sirhan B. Sirhan, convicted in the assassination of Robert F. Kennedy in 1968, and Ziad Abu Eain, wanted for extradition to Israel for a 1979 Palestine Liberation Organization bombing."," Jabara was also involved in the National Lawyer's Guild, an organization founded as an alternative to the more conservative American Bar Association. In 1977 he traveled to Lebanon, Jordan, Israel and the Occupied Territories as part of the NLG's Middle East delegation to report on the condition and treatment of Palestinians living in the Occupied Territories. Jabara became president of the American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee in 1986. The ADC, founded by former Senator James Abourezk in 1980, devoted itself to the protection of the rights of people of Arab descent and promoting their cultural heritage. Jabara now (2002) works for the ADC Research Institute in Washington D.C. He recently worked as part of the defense team for Omar Ahmad Ali Abdel Rahman, accused of plotting to blow up New York City landmarks and the 1993 bombing of the World Trade Center. Jabara resides in New York City."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[item], folder, box, Abdeen Jabara papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[item], folder, box, Abdeen Jabara papers, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection has been divided into two series: Litigation/Court Cases and Political and Cultural Activities. The many files of correspondence and press clippings document the types of legal and political battles and causes that Jabara has tackled throughout his career. A limited amount of material in the collection is in Arabic, mostly correspondence and press clippings, and is noted as such in the contents list.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The collection has been divided into two series: Litigation/Court Cases and Political and Cultural Activities. The many files of correspondence and press clippings document the types of legal and political battles and causes that Jabara has tackled throughout his career. A limited amount of material in the collection is in Arabic, mostly correspondence and press clippings, and is noted as such in the contents list."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eAbdeen M. Jabara reserves copyright during his lifetime. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Abdeen M. Jabara reserves copyright during his lifetime. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_c5e379c29afd7cfcdefb5c46ebbbf0dc\"\u003eNew York attorney originally based in Detroit. Jabara was concerned with issues of civil rights of Arab Americans and the rights of Arabs living or traveling in the United States. He challenged practice of law enforcement agencies to collect information and maintain surveillance of Arabs and Arab Americans. Jabara was involved in the murder trial of Sirhan Sirhan and the extradition case of Ziad Abu Eain. Litigation and case files; subject files regarding his Arab American activism, organizational involvements, and participation in the Middle East delegation of the National Lawyers Guild.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["New York attorney originally based in Detroit. Jabara was concerned with issues of civil rights of Arab Americans and the rights of Arabs living or traveling in the United States. He challenged practice of law enforcement agencies to collect information and maintain surveillance of Arabs and Arab Americans. Jabara was involved in the murder trial of Sirhan Sirhan and the extradition case of Ziad Abu Eain. Litigation and case files; subject files regarding his Arab American activism, organizational involvements, and participation in the Middle East delegation of the National Lawyers Guild."],"names_coll_ssim":["American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee.","B'nai B'rith. Anti-defamation League.","National Lawyers Guild.","Abu Ayn, Ziyad.","Jabara, Abdeen, 1940-","Sirhan, Sirhan Bishara, 1944- -- Trials, litigation, etc."],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee.","B'nai B'rith. Anti-defamation League.","National Lawyers Guild.","Jabara, Abdeen.","Abu Ayn, Ziyad.","Jabara, Abdeen, 1940-","Sirhan, Sirhan Bishara, 1944- -- Trials, litigation, etc."],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","American-Arab Anti-Discrimination Committee.","B'nai B'rith. Anti-defamation League.","National Lawyers Guild."],"persname_ssim":["Jabara, Abdeen.","Abu Ayn, Ziyad.","Jabara, Abdeen, 1940-","Sirhan, Sirhan Bishara, 1944- -- Trials, litigation, etc."],"language_ssim":["English","The material is in  English  and  Arabic ."],"descrules_ssm":["Finding aid prepared using Describing Archives: A Content Standard (DACS)"],"total_component_count_is":253,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-0234","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:16.849Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-0234_aspace_bdb27e612eb37078f1965cc06e626de5"}},{"id":"umich-bhl-014_aspace_39cbd6cc914903c1b1eb740636d6e78e","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"\"At Risk\" Children White Paper","highlight":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-014_aspace_39cbd6cc914903c1b1eb740636d6e78e#highlight","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"\"At Risk\" Children White \u003cem\u003ePaper\u003c/em\u003e","label":"Highlight"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-014_aspace_39cbd6cc914903c1b1eb740636d6e78e#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_39cbd6cc914903c1b1eb740636d6e78e","ref_ssm":["aspace_39cbd6cc914903c1b1eb740636d6e78e","aspace_39cbd6cc914903c1b1eb740636d6e78e"],"id":"umich-bhl-014_aspace_39cbd6cc914903c1b1eb740636d6e78e","title_filing_ssi":"\"At Risk\" Children White Paper","title_ssm":["\"At Risk\" Children White Paper"],"title_tesim":["\"At Risk\" Children White Paper"],"normalized_title_ssm":["\"At Risk\" Children White Paper"],"text":["\"At Risk\" Children White Paper","TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","TEACH Michigan/Teach Michigan Education Fund","Topical File","box 1"],"component_level_isim":[3],"parent_ssim":["umich-bhl-014","aspace_cf956795d3593ee5250e5bb0d146af8e","aspace_5910f5f526e85f8db58d0510f4c6b5ec"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_5910f5f526e85f8db58d0510f4c6b5ec","parent_ids_ssim":["umich-bhl-014","umich-bhl-014_aspace_cf956795d3593ee5250e5bb0d146af8e","umich-bhl-014_aspace_5910f5f526e85f8db58d0510f4c6b5ec"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","TEACH Michigan/Teach Michigan Education Fund","Topical File"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","TEACH Michigan/Teach Michigan Education Fund","Topical File"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Subgroup","Series"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"collection_ssim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":35,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["Research use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"containers_ssim":["box 1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#2/components#1","_nest_parent_":"umich-bhl-014_aspace_5910f5f526e85f8db58d0510f4c6b5ec","_root_":"umich-bhl-014","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:12.778Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"umich-bhl-014","title_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records"],"title_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records"],"ead_ssi":"umich-bhl-014","unitdate_ssm":["1989-1996"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1989-1996"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Record Group","Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["014 Bj 2"],"text":["014 Bj 2","TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes.","Research use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese.","In 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.","This record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization.","Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.","Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","Offsite storage; prior notification required for access","Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N.","English","The materials are in  English."],"unitid_tesim":["014 Bj 2"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1989-1996"],"normalized_title_ssm":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"collection_title_tesim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"collection_ssim":["TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, 1989-1996"],"repository_ssm":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"repository_ssim":["University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library"],"creator_ssm":["TEACH Michigan."],"creator_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"creator_corpname_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"creators_ssim":["TEACH Michigan."],"access_terms_ssm":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"acqinfo_ssim":["The record group came to the library from Partnership for Learning (formerly TEACH Michigan) in December 2000. Donor no.  9038"],"access_subjects_ssim":["Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Charter schools -- Michigan.","Education -- Michigan.","Public schools -- Michigan.","School choice -- Michigan.","Charter schools -- Michigan.","Debates.","Discussion.","Public affairs television programs.","School choice -- Michigan.","Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["13 linear feet"],"extent_tesim":["13 linear feet"],"genreform_ssim":["Sound recordings.","Videocassettes."],"date_range_isim":[1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eResearch use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["Research use of the record group is restricted except with the permission of Dr. Paul DeWeese."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eIn 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003e In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical / Historical"],"bioghist_tesim":["In 1989, Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a physician then working in Detroit, became frustrated by what he perceived to be a lack of educational choice for his own children then about to begin school. With other like-minded individuals, DeWeese formed Michigan Citizens for Choice in Education (shortly to be renamed TEACH Michigan). Incorporated as a non-profit organization in 1991, TEACH Michigan was established to lobby for changes in the law regarding school choice. Associated with TEACH Michigan was a tax-exempt sister organization - TEACH Michigan Education Fund (TMEF) - which with license to solicit charitable contributions could engage in a variety of educational, research, and planning functions."," Under DeWeese's leadership, TEACH Michigan advocated fundamental changes in the state's educational system. The core of TEACH Michigan's philosophy of education was simply stated. Parents should be allowed to choose from competing systems of schools with funding for education following the student and not automatically being given to the government-supported school system. An ambitious agenda, TEACH Michigan realized the importance of educating the public and enlisting enough grassroots support for the necessary changes in state law and in the state constitution to be made. With the law changed, there would follow competition for the education dollar resulting in non-governmental sponsorship of K-12 schools by corporations, public or private universities, parent groups or churches, as well as by the government. No longer would there be a \"government monopoly\" school system. Instead, parents would receive financial support (or vouchers) for their children to attend the school of their choice."," Although his message never wavered, DeWeese was realistic enough to realize that \"full choice\" could only come incrementally, thus his advocacy of changes in state law to allow for the creation of charter schools. Charter schools are public schools that are custom-designed by groups of teachers, parents or outside individuals to meet particular education needs. Charter schools are part of the public school system, financed on a par with other schools in the district. But for charter schools to become a reality state law would have to be changed. In December 1993, with the passage of Senate bill no. 896 (signed by the governor in January 1994), Michigan adopted the most significant restructuring of public education since the development of single-function school districts in the early 20th century. The state authorized groups of certified teachers and community leaders to form individual charter schools (public school academies) \"that are to be treated like school districts\" for the purposes of state education law. These \"single-school school districts\" could be started anywhere in the state by one or more certified teachers, a county, city, village, township, school district, community college, or state public university. Each new school would develop its own governing board, and must describe its educational goals and the standards by which its performance will be measured. Each of these academies would receive a state school aid payment for its enrolled students."," Following the passage of 896, TMEF established a sister organization, the Michigan Center for Charter Schools (MCCS), whose purpose was to promote the development of charter schools. TMEF subsidized the operation of MCCS throughout its existence. MCCS was the only organization in the state early on that was disseminating timely and accurate information about charter schools. MCCS also helped several groups move through the process of establishing a charter school. By the end of 1995, more than 60 charter school had been established with an additional 120 schools seeking charters."," In November 1994, an Ingham County circuit court judge ruled the law unconstitutional. Although the groups authorized to grant charters were government entities, the judge ruled, the day-to-day operations of schools were largely in the hands of privately elected directors and thus not directly accountable to the public. With this decision, the charter schools that had been established were left without public funding. In some cases, the schools reverted to private school status relying on tuitions and corporate donations for their support. In other cases, the state legislature, many of whose members believed that the judge's ruling would be overturned on appeal, passed emergency legislation which addressed the judge's objection to the original legislation."," In 1995, the state Board of Education contracted with the Michigan Partnership for New Education to both promote charter schools and to provide technical assistance to charter schools. The Michigan Partnership immediately asked for, and received, permission to hire the entire staff of MCCS in order to run their charter school operation. In May of 1995, MCCS ceased to operate, as its mission and staff were absorbed by the Michigan Partnership for New Education."," From its inception, TEACH Michigan knew that for real educational reform to take place from their point of view, the Michigan State Constitution (Article 8, sec. 2) would have to be revised. That provision restricted the use of public funds to government-operated schools only. With the constitution changed, TEACH Michigan hoped to secure passage of a voucher system so that parents might choose, and receive funding, for their child to attend a church-related school."," In 2000, the TEACH Michigan organization was folded into a new organization, Partnership for Learning."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eitem, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["item, folder title, box no., TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund records, Bentley Historical Library, University of Michigan"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThis record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Contents"],"scopecontent_tesim":["This record group consists of two separate groupings (or subgroups) of records: the combined files of TEACH Michigan and TEACH Michigan Education Fund covering the period of 1989 to 1995, and files of the charter school support group, Michigan Center for Charter Schools covering the years 1994-1995. Both organizations operated out of the same office in Lansing and included some of the same individuals as board members. The TM/TMEF files consist in great part of papers of Dr. Paul N. DeWeese, a principal founder of the organization. The MCCS files are largely papers of executive director Barbara Barrett as well as DeWeese. Together, the record group contains correspondence, policy statements, organizational and activity files, collected materials, sound and video materials, all relating to the efforts of the two organizations first to educate and lobby for changes in the law, and second to provide assistance and support in the establishment of charter schools. The records date from the inception of the organization to 1995. The subsequent records of TEACH Michigan remain with the organization."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eDonor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Conditions Governing Use"],"userestrict_tesim":["Donor(s) have not transferred any applicable copyright to the Regents of the University of Michigan. Patrons are responsible for determining the appropriate use or reuse of materials."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"aspace_85c28ec7f064d103fc6a1b17b4c73c99\"\u003eOrganization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Organization established in 1989 by Paul N. DeWeese and others to lobby for changes in state law and the state constitution to allow parents to choose between competing schools. The record group also contains records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools, sister organization to TEACH Michigan, established to promote the development of charter schools in the state. The record group includes Informational materials detailing mission and goals of the TEACH Michigan organization; organizational files; topical files; correspondence; speeches and articles about school choice and the state charter school movement; and audio and video cassettes of TM presentations and appearances of Paul DeWeese on radio and television programs. Also included are the organizational records of the Michigan Center for Charter Schools."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"aspace_4f9a3a50370f108b16342d0e56be5abb\"\u003eOffsite storage; prior notification required for access\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Offsite storage; prior notification required for access"],"names_coll_ssim":["Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N.","DeWeese, Paul N.","DeWeese, Paul N."],"names_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund.","DeWeese, Paul N."],"corpname_ssim":["Bentley Historical Library","TEACH Michigan.","Michigan Center for Charter Schools.","TEACH Michigan Education Fund."],"persname_ssim":["DeWeese, Paul N."],"language_ssim":["English","The materials are in  English."],"total_component_count_is":279,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"umich-bhl-014","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:13:12.778Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/umich-bhl-014_aspace_39cbd6cc914903c1b1eb740636d6e78e"}},{"id":"m0292-xml_aspace_ref278_fli","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"22. Martin, W.A.P.:  Hanlin Papers.  Second Series Kelly \u0026 Walsh; Shanghai, 1894","highlight":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/m0292-xml_aspace_ref278_fli#highlight","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Martin, W.A.P.:  Hanlin \u003cem\u003ePapers\u003c/em\u003e.  Second Series Kelly \u0026 Walsh; Shanghai, 1894\u003cbr/\u003eClarke Family \u003cem\u003ePapers\u003c/em\u003e, 1904-1968","label":"Highlight"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/m0292-xml_aspace_ref278_fli#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"aspace_ref278_fli","ref_ssm":["aspace_ref278_fli","aspace_ref278_fli"],"id":"m0292-xml_aspace_ref278_fli","title_filing_ssi":"22. Martin, W.A.P.:  Hanlin Papers.  Second Series Kelly \u0026 Walsh; Shanghai,","title_ssm":["22. Martin, W.A.P.:  Hanlin Papers.  Second Series Kelly \u0026 Walsh; Shanghai,"],"title_tesim":["22. Martin, W.A.P.:  Hanlin Papers.  Second Series Kelly \u0026 Walsh; Shanghai,"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1894"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1894"],"normalized_title_ssm":["22. Martin, W.A.P.:  Hanlin Papers.  Second Series Kelly \u0026 Walsh; Shanghai, 1894"],"text":["22. Martin, W.A.P.:  Hanlin Papers.  Second Series Kelly \u0026 Walsh; Shanghai, 1894","Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968","PAMPHLETS"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["m0292-xml","aspace_ref215_1ba"],"parent_ssi":"aspace_ref215_1ba","parent_ids_ssim":["m0292-xml","m0292-xml_aspace_ref215_1ba"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968","PAMPHLETS"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968","PAMPHLETS"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","File"],"repository_ssim":["Stanford University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":264,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["None."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["Property rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections."],"_nest_path_":"/components#8/components#62","_nest_parent_":"m0292-xml_aspace_ref215_1ba","_root_":"m0292-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:07:35.736Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"m0292-xml","title_ssm":["Clarke Family Papers"],"title_tesim":["Clarke Family Papers"],"ead_ssi":"m0292.xml","unitdate_ssm":["1904-1968"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1904-1968"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["M0292"],"text":["M0292","Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968","None.","1. Palmer, J.P.:  Jade  Spring Books; London, 1967.","2.  The Encyclopedia Sinica  Couling, Samuel Kelly \u0026 Walsh; Shanghai, 1917.","3. Thiel, albert W.R.:  Chinese Pottery and Stoneware  Thos. nelson \u0026 Sons; N.Y., N.D.","4. Goette, John:  Jade Lore  Kelly \u0026 Walsh; Shanghai, 1936.","5. Forsyth, Robb. Coventry:  Shanting, The Sacred Province of China  Christian Literature Society; Shanghai, 1912","6. Graham, Dorothy:  Through the moon Door  J. H. Sears \u0026 Co.; N.Y., 1926.","7. Brandt, J.:  Introduction to Literary Chinese  North China Union Language School; Peking, 1927.","8. Weale, B.L. Putnam:  The Vanished Empire  Macmillan \u0026 Co.; London, 1926.","9. Jennu, Delia:  Letter from Peking  Oxford UP; London, 1967.","10. Busheel, Stephen W.:  Chinese [UNK]  V. I Eyre \u0026 Spottiswoode; London, 1909.","11. Smith, Arthur H.:  Chinese Characteristics  3rd ed. Fleming H. Revell Co.; n.y., 1894.","12. Grubb, Norman P.:  C.T.Studd,  Cricketer \u0026 Pioneer  Religious Tract Society; London, 1933.","13. Martin, W.A.P.:  The Siege in Peking  Oliphant Anderson \u0026 Ferrier; Edinburgh, 1900.","14. Lymn, Jermyn Chi-Hung:  Social Life of The Chinese in Peking  China Booksellers; Peking, 1928.","15. Strong, [UNK] [UNK]:  a Sketch of Chinese Cuts \u0026 Crafts  China Bhsellers; Peking, 1926.","The daughter of Dr. Charles Fletcher Johnson and Agnes Elliott Johnson, Ruth Clarke was born on April 2, 1890 in Wei Hsien, Shantung, China where she quickly mastered Mandarin Chinese. She was educated at Miss Jewell's School in Shanghai which was also attended by Miss Pearl Buck. After visiting her Uncle Hosmer Johnson in Washington D.C., Ruth entered and graduated from Wilson College (Chambersburg, Pa.) in 1912. She then returned to Shanghai to accept a teaching position at Miss Jewell's.","In 1916 Ruth Johnson accepted a new position in the Peking American School. It was there that she met J. Eric G. Clarke whom she married on June 21, 1916 in Tsinanfu, Shantung. The Rev. W. P. Chalfant officiated. Kathleen Clarke, Margaret Emma Johnson, Gerald Clarke and Hosmer F. Johnson were members of the wedding party Dating from this ceremony, the couple often signed their combined correspondence Rutheric. Following a brief honeymoon in Tai Shan, the couple returned to Peking where they resided for the next 16 years. During this period Mrs. Clarke made several trips to the United States where she exhibited many of the fabulous Oriental art treasures she had collected throughout her stay in China.","Soon after the couple moved to Shanghai the threat of war between Japan and China became reality. Overnight, internment camps were set up for aliens like the Clarkes. Their homes were occupied by Japanese soldiers as soon as they were evacuated by the local Occupation authorities. From April 10, 1943 until a few weeks following the Japanese surrender to MacArthur on August 14, 1945, the Clarkes were confined at Lung Hwa Camp near Peking.","Among the nearly 1800 interns at Lung Hwa were men and women from all professions and backgrounds. Although spirits were high during the first season at the camp, morale worsened during the winter--food became scarce and poorer in quality and the stoves which the Japanese installed on each floor of the ten dormitories were never lit. The cubicles they occupied were 4`8 by 22' long. Despite the difficult conditions they encountered at the camp, the Clarkes and their fellow inmates managed to maintain a high level of personal development which is reflected in the many activities enjoyed at the camp: lectures, plays, musical productions and many other kinds of intellectual stimulation. One of the most amusing highlights of their stay was the development of a game called Dictionary Please. Because of their limited reading material, the Clarkes designed a game which relied only upon the dictionary they brought with them and their active imaginations. The game was so successful that it became a partial livelihood following their return to America in 1946.","Residing in Portland, Oregon, Mr. and Mrs. Clarke remained active socially and intellectually. Mrs. Clarke served as president of Zonta International and the Lewis and Clarke's Women's League. Mrs. Clarke now resides in Mountain View, California.","Gift of Ruth Elliott Johnson Clarke.","Correspondence, photographs (of China), books and pamphlets about Chinese art, etc.","Property rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections.","Department of Special Collections and University Archives","Clarke family","English"],"unitid_tesim":["M0292"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1904-1968"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968"],"collection_title_tesim":["Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968"],"collection_ssim":["Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968"],"repository_ssm":["Stanford University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Stanford University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Clarke family"],"creator_ssim":["Clarke family"],"creator_famname_ssim":["Clarke family"],"creators_ssim":["Clarke family"],"access_terms_ssm":["Property rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["10 Linear Feet ca. 10 linear ft."],"extent_tesim":["10 Linear Feet ca. 10 linear ft."],"date_range_isim":[1904,1905,1906,1907,1908,1909,1910,1911,1912,1913,1914,1915,1916,1917,1918,1919,1920,1921,1922,1923,1924,1925,1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eNone.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access Restrictions"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["None."],"bibliography_html_tesm":["\u003cbibref\u003e1. Palmer, J.P.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eJade \u003c/emph\u003eSpring Books; London, 1967.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e2. \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Encyclopedia Sinica \u003c/emph\u003eCouling, Samuel Kelly \u0026amp; Walsh; Shanghai, 1917.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e3. Thiel, albert W.R.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eChinese Pottery and Stoneware \u003c/emph\u003eThos. nelson \u0026amp; Sons; N.Y., N.D.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e4. Goette, John: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eJade Lore \u003c/emph\u003eKelly \u0026amp; Walsh; Shanghai, 1936.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e5. Forsyth, Robb. Coventry: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eShanting, The Sacred Province of China \u003c/emph\u003eChristian Literature Society; Shanghai, 1912\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e6. Graham, Dorothy: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThrough the moon Door \u003c/emph\u003eJ. H. Sears \u0026amp; Co.; N.Y., 1926.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e7. Brandt, J.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eIntroduction to Literary Chinese \u003c/emph\u003eNorth China Union Language School; Peking, 1927.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e8. Weale, B.L. Putnam: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Vanished Empire \u003c/emph\u003eMacmillan \u0026amp; Co.; London, 1926.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e9. Jennu, Delia: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eLetter from Peking \u003c/emph\u003eOxford UP; London, 1967.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e10. Busheel, Stephen W.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eChinese [UNK] \u003c/emph\u003eV. I Eyre \u0026amp; Spottiswoode; London, 1909.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e11. Smith, Arthur H.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eChinese Characteristics \u003c/emph\u003e3rd ed. Fleming H. Revell Co.; n.y., 1894.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e12. Grubb, Norman P.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eC.T.Studd, \u003c/emph\u003e\u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eCricketer \u0026amp; Pioneer \u003c/emph\u003eReligious Tract Society; London, 1933.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e13. Martin, W.A.P.: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eThe Siege in Peking \u003c/emph\u003eOliphant Anderson \u0026amp; Ferrier; Edinburgh, 1900.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e14. Lymn, Jermyn Chi-Hung: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003eSocial Life of The Chinese in Peking \u003c/emph\u003eChina Booksellers; Peking, 1928.\u003c/bibref\u003e","\u003cbibref\u003e15. Strong, [UNK] [UNK]: \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ea Sketch of Chinese Cuts \u0026amp; Crafts \u003c/emph\u003eChina Bhsellers; Peking, 1926.\u003c/bibref\u003e"],"bibliography_heading_ssm":["Reference Materials"],"bibliography_tesim":["1. Palmer, J.P.:  Jade  Spring Books; London, 1967.","2.  The Encyclopedia Sinica  Couling, Samuel Kelly \u0026 Walsh; Shanghai, 1917.","3. Thiel, albert W.R.:  Chinese Pottery and Stoneware  Thos. nelson \u0026 Sons; N.Y., N.D.","4. Goette, John:  Jade Lore  Kelly \u0026 Walsh; Shanghai, 1936.","5. Forsyth, Robb. Coventry:  Shanting, The Sacred Province of China  Christian Literature Society; Shanghai, 1912","6. Graham, Dorothy:  Through the moon Door  J. H. Sears \u0026 Co.; N.Y., 1926.","7. Brandt, J.:  Introduction to Literary Chinese  North China Union Language School; Peking, 1927.","8. Weale, B.L. Putnam:  The Vanished Empire  Macmillan \u0026 Co.; London, 1926.","9. Jennu, Delia:  Letter from Peking  Oxford UP; London, 1967.","10. Busheel, Stephen W.:  Chinese [UNK]  V. I Eyre \u0026 Spottiswoode; London, 1909.","11. Smith, Arthur H.:  Chinese Characteristics  3rd ed. Fleming H. Revell Co.; n.y., 1894.","12. Grubb, Norman P.:  C.T.Studd,  Cricketer \u0026 Pioneer  Religious Tract Society; London, 1933.","13. Martin, W.A.P.:  The Siege in Peking  Oliphant Anderson \u0026 Ferrier; Edinburgh, 1900.","14. Lymn, Jermyn Chi-Hung:  Social Life of The Chinese in Peking  China Booksellers; Peking, 1928.","15. Strong, [UNK] [UNK]:  a Sketch of Chinese Cuts \u0026 Crafts  China Bhsellers; Peking, 1926."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe daughter of Dr. Charles Fletcher Johnson and Agnes Elliott Johnson, Ruth Clarke was born on April 2, 1890 in Wei Hsien, Shantung, China where she quickly mastered Mandarin Chinese. She was educated at Miss Jewell's School in Shanghai which was also attended by Miss Pearl Buck. After visiting her Uncle Hosmer Johnson in Washington D.C., Ruth entered and graduated from Wilson College (Chambersburg, Pa.) in 1912. She then returned to Shanghai to accept a teaching position at Miss Jewell's.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eIn 1916 Ruth Johnson accepted a new position in the Peking American School. It was there that she met J. Eric G. Clarke whom she married on June 21, 1916 in Tsinanfu, Shantung. The Rev. W. P. Chalfant officiated. Kathleen Clarke, Margaret Emma Johnson, Gerald Clarke and Hosmer F. Johnson were members of the wedding party Dating from this ceremony, the couple often signed their combined correspondence Rutheric. Following a brief honeymoon in Tai Shan, the couple returned to Peking where they resided for the next 16 years. During this period Mrs. Clarke made several trips to the United States where she exhibited many of the fabulous Oriental art treasures she had collected throughout her stay in China.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eSoon after the couple moved to Shanghai the threat of war between Japan and China became reality. Overnight, internment camps were set up for aliens like the Clarkes. Their homes were occupied by Japanese soldiers as soon as they were evacuated by the local Occupation authorities. From April 10, 1943 until a few weeks following the Japanese surrender to MacArthur on August 14, 1945, the Clarkes were confined at Lung Hwa Camp near Peking.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eAmong the nearly 1800 interns at Lung Hwa were men and women from all professions and backgrounds. Although spirits were high during the first season at the camp, morale worsened during the winter--food became scarce and poorer in quality and the stoves which the Japanese installed on each floor of the ten dormitories were never lit. The cubicles they occupied were 4`8 by 22' long. Despite the difficult conditions they encountered at the camp, the Clarkes and their fellow inmates managed to maintain a high level of personal development which is reflected in the many activities enjoyed at the camp: lectures, plays, musical productions and many other kinds of intellectual stimulation. One of the most amusing highlights of their stay was the development of a game called Dictionary Please. Because of their limited reading material, the Clarkes designed a game which relied only upon the dictionary they brought with them and their active imaginations. The game was so successful that it became a partial livelihood following their return to America in 1946.\u003c/p\u003e\n","\u003cp\u003eResiding in Portland, Oregon, Mr. and Mrs. Clarke remained active socially and intellectually. Mrs. Clarke served as president of Zonta International and the Lewis and Clarke's Women's League. Mrs. Clarke now resides in Mountain View, California.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["The daughter of Dr. Charles Fletcher Johnson and Agnes Elliott Johnson, Ruth Clarke was born on April 2, 1890 in Wei Hsien, Shantung, China where she quickly mastered Mandarin Chinese. She was educated at Miss Jewell's School in Shanghai which was also attended by Miss Pearl Buck. After visiting her Uncle Hosmer Johnson in Washington D.C., Ruth entered and graduated from Wilson College (Chambersburg, Pa.) in 1912. She then returned to Shanghai to accept a teaching position at Miss Jewell's.","In 1916 Ruth Johnson accepted a new position in the Peking American School. It was there that she met J. Eric G. Clarke whom she married on June 21, 1916 in Tsinanfu, Shantung. The Rev. W. P. Chalfant officiated. Kathleen Clarke, Margaret Emma Johnson, Gerald Clarke and Hosmer F. Johnson were members of the wedding party Dating from this ceremony, the couple often signed their combined correspondence Rutheric. Following a brief honeymoon in Tai Shan, the couple returned to Peking where they resided for the next 16 years. During this period Mrs. Clarke made several trips to the United States where she exhibited many of the fabulous Oriental art treasures she had collected throughout her stay in China.","Soon after the couple moved to Shanghai the threat of war between Japan and China became reality. Overnight, internment camps were set up for aliens like the Clarkes. Their homes were occupied by Japanese soldiers as soon as they were evacuated by the local Occupation authorities. From April 10, 1943 until a few weeks following the Japanese surrender to MacArthur on August 14, 1945, the Clarkes were confined at Lung Hwa Camp near Peking.","Among the nearly 1800 interns at Lung Hwa were men and women from all professions and backgrounds. Although spirits were high during the first season at the camp, morale worsened during the winter--food became scarce and poorer in quality and the stoves which the Japanese installed on each floor of the ten dormitories were never lit. The cubicles they occupied were 4`8 by 22' long. Despite the difficult conditions they encountered at the camp, the Clarkes and their fellow inmates managed to maintain a high level of personal development which is reflected in the many activities enjoyed at the camp: lectures, plays, musical productions and many other kinds of intellectual stimulation. One of the most amusing highlights of their stay was the development of a game called Dictionary Please. Because of their limited reading material, the Clarkes designed a game which relied only upon the dictionary they brought with them and their active imaginations. The game was so successful that it became a partial livelihood following their return to America in 1946.","Residing in Portland, Oregon, Mr. and Mrs. Clarke remained active socially and intellectually. Mrs. Clarke served as president of Zonta International and the Lewis and Clarke's Women's League. Mrs. Clarke now resides in Mountain View, California."],"custodhist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eGift of Ruth Elliott Johnson Clarke.\u003c/p\u003e"],"custodhist_heading_ssm":["Provenance"],"custodhist_tesim":["Gift of Ruth Elliott Johnson Clarke."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item] Clarke Family Papers, M0292, Dept. of Special Collections, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, Calif.\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item] Clarke Family Papers, M0292, Dept. of Special Collections, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, Calif."],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eCorrespondence, photographs (of China), books and pamphlets about Chinese art, etc.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content"],"scopecontent_tesim":["Correspondence, photographs (of China), books and pamphlets about Chinese art, etc."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eProperty rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication Rights"],"userestrict_tesim":["Property rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections."],"names_ssim":["Department of Special Collections and University Archives","Clarke family"],"corpname_ssim":["Department of Special Collections and University Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Clarke family"],"famname_ssim":["Clarke family"],"language_ssim":["English"],"total_component_count_is":348,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"m0292-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:07:35.736Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/m0292-xml_aspace_ref278_fli"}},{"id":"2013C4-xml_ref18","type":"File","attributes":{"title":"Academic papers on the Oriental Corporation written by professors in the United States 美国教授撰写的关于东亚纺织公司的学术文章, 2009","highlight":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/2013C4-xml_ref18#highlight","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":"Academic \u003cem\u003epapers\u003c/em\u003e on the Oriental Corporation written by professors in the United States 美国教授撰写的关于东亚纺织公司的学术文章, 2009\u003cbr/\u003eSong Feiqing (宋棐卿) \u003cem\u003epapers\u003c/em\u003e, 1926-2009","label":"Highlight"}},"breadcrumbs":{"id":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/2013C4-xml_ref18#breadcrumbs","type":"document_value","attributes":{"value":{"ref_ssi":"ref18","ref_ssm":["ref18","ref18"],"id":"2013C4-xml_ref18","title_filing_ssi":"Academic papers on the Oriental Corporation written by professors in the United States 美国教授撰写的关于东亚纺织公司的学术文章,","title_ssm":["Academic papers on the Oriental Corporation written by professors in the United States 美国教授撰写的关于东亚纺织公司的学术文章,"],"title_tesim":["Academic papers on the Oriental Corporation written by professors in the United States 美国教授撰写的关于东亚纺织公司的学术文章,"],"unitdate_other_ssim":["2009"],"normalized_date_ssm":["2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Academic papers on the Oriental Corporation written by professors in the United States 美国教授撰写的关于东亚纺织公司的学术文章, 2009"],"text":["Academic papers on the Oriental Corporation written by professors in the United States 美国教授撰写的关于东亚纺织公司的学术文章, 2009","Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009","Biographical and historical information on Song Feiqing and the Oriental Corporation 宋棐卿生平和东亚毛纺织公司历史资料, 1965-2009","Box-folder 2:1"],"component_level_isim":[2],"parent_ssim":["2013C4-xml","ref11"],"parent_ssi":"ref11","parent_ids_ssim":["2013C4-xml","2013C4-xml_ref11"],"parent_unittitles_ssm":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009","Biographical and historical information on Song Feiqing and the Oriental Corporation 宋棐卿生平和东亚毛纺织公司历史资料, 1965-2009"],"parent_unittitles_tesim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009","Biographical and historical information on Song Feiqing and the Oriental Corporation 宋棐卿生平和东亚毛纺织公司历史资料, 1965-2009"],"parent_levels_ssm":["collection","Series"],"repository_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"collection_ssim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"child_component_count_isi":0,"level_ssm":["File"],"level_ssim":["File"],"sort_isi":8,"parent_access_restrict_tesm":["The collection is open for research.","The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to \n                copies of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible."],"parent_access_terms_tesm":["For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives."],"containers_ssim":["Box-folder 2:1"],"_nest_path_":"/components#0/components#6","_nest_parent_":"2013C4-xml_ref11","_root_":"2013C4-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:00:35.990Z","collection":{"numFound":1,"start":0,"numFoundExact":true,"docs":[{"id":"2013C4-xml","title_filing_ssi":"Song Feiqing papers","title_ssm":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers"],"title_tesim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers"],"ead_ssi":"2013C4.xml","unitdate_ssm":["1926-2009"],"unitdate_inclusive_ssm":["1926-2009"],"level_ssm":["collection"],"level_ssim":["Collection"],"unitid_ssm":["2013C4"],"text":["2013C4","Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009","Business enterprises--China--Hong Kong.","Business enterprises--China.","The collection is open for research.","The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to \n                 copies  of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible.","Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at \n                 http://searchworks.stanford.edu/ . Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid.","Born in 1898, the Chinese businessman Song Feiqing is best known for his role in modern China's industrialization and promoting the spirit of entrepreneurship in China. \n                Born into a Christian family in Shandong Province, in the early 1920s Song went to Chicago to study business management at Northwestern University. \n                In 1925, he returned to China and spent the next several years working in his father's business in Tianjin. \n                Seeing that China's industry was lacking entrepreneurship, especially in the textile market where foreign countries were profiting at China's expense, in 1932 Song established the Oriental Corporation (Dongya) in Tianjin. \n                That corporation became China's first textile company to use Chinese wool to produce its yarn and to sell its products both domestically and internationally. \n                By the 1940s, the corporation had become the largest yarn production company in China, having garnered more than 80 percent of the domestic Chinese market.","Song's entrepreneurship transformed the business environment in modern China. \n                In addition, Song brought his religious beliefs into his management style and enterprise culture, as well as forming a social communication network that relied on the Christian spirit to serve his entrepreneurial purposes. \n                After the Chinese Communists won the civil war and established the People's Republic in 1949, Song struggled to keep his enterprises intact but was unable to do so. \n                In 1950, he moved his company to Hong Kong and later immigrated to Argentina. He died in Buenos Aires in 1955.","The papers of Song Feiqing include correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to the operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and then in Hong Kong, including what part Christian beliefs played in Song's management practices. The papers also provide a rare glimpse into the formation of industrialization and entrepreneurship in China’s recent past.","For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives.","Correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and subsequently in Hong Kong.","Hoover Institution Archives","Hoover Institution Archives","Oriental Corporation.","Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955.","Chinese  and  English"],"unitid_tesim":["2013C4"],"normalized_date_ssm":["1926-2009"],"normalized_title_ssm":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"collection_title_tesim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"collection_ssim":["Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009"],"repository_ssm":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"repository_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"creator_ssm":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"creator_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"creator_persname_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"creators_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"access_terms_ssm":["For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives."],"acqinfo_ssim":["Materials were acquired by the Hoover Institution Archives in 2013."],"access_subjects_ssim":["Business enterprises--China--Hong Kong.","Business enterprises--China."],"access_subjects_ssm":["Business enterprises--China--Hong Kong.","Business enterprises--China."],"has_online_content_ssim":["false"],"extent_ssm":["8 manuscript boxes, 1 motion picture film reel (4 linear feet)"],"extent_tesim":["8 manuscript boxes, 1 motion picture film reel (4 linear feet)"],"date_range_isim":[1926,1927,1928,1929,1930,1931,1932,1933,1934,1935,1936,1937,1938,1939,1940,1941,1942,1943,1944,1945,1946,1947,1948,1949,1950,1951,1952,1953,1954,1955,1956,1957,1958,1959,1960,1961,1962,1963,1964,1965,1966,1967,1968,1969,1970,1971,1972,1973,1974,1975,1976,1977,1978,1979,1980,1981,1982,1983,1984,1985,1986,1987,1988,1989,1990,1991,1992,1993,1994,1995,1996,1997,1998,1999,2000,2001,2002,2003,2004,2005,2006,2007,2008,2009],"accessrestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe collection is open for research.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eThe Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to \n                \u003cemph render=\"italic\"\u003ecopies\u003c/emph\u003e of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accessrestrict_heading_ssm":["Access"],"accessrestrict_tesim":["The collection is open for research.","The Hoover Institution Archives only allows access to \n                 copies  of audiovisual items. To listen to sound recordings or to view videos or films during your visit, please contact the Archives at least two working days before your arrival. We will then advise you of the accessibility of the material you wish to see or hear. Please note that not all audiovisual material is immediately accessible."],"accruals_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eMaterials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at \n                \u003cextref actuate=\"onRequest\" show=\"new\" href=\"http://searchworks.stanford.edu/\"\u003ehttp://searchworks.stanford.edu/\u003c/extref\u003e. Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid.\u003c/p\u003e"],"accruals_heading_ssm":["Accruals"],"accruals_tesim":["Materials may have been added to the collection since this finding aid was prepared. To determine if this has occurred, find the collection in Stanford University's online catalog at \n                 http://searchworks.stanford.edu/ . Materials have been added to the collection if the number of boxes listed in the catalog is larger than the number of boxes listed in this finding aid."],"bioghist_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eBorn in 1898, the Chinese businessman Song Feiqing is best known for his role in modern China's industrialization and promoting the spirit of entrepreneurship in China. \n                Born into a Christian family in Shandong Province, in the early 1920s Song went to Chicago to study business management at Northwestern University. \n                In 1925, he returned to China and spent the next several years working in his father's business in Tianjin. \n                Seeing that China's industry was lacking entrepreneurship, especially in the textile market where foreign countries were profiting at China's expense, in 1932 Song established the Oriental Corporation (Dongya) in Tianjin. \n                That corporation became China's first textile company to use Chinese wool to produce its yarn and to sell its products both domestically and internationally. \n                By the 1940s, the corporation had become the largest yarn production company in China, having garnered more than 80 percent of the domestic Chinese market.\u003c/p\u003e","\u003cp\u003eSong's entrepreneurship transformed the business environment in modern China. \n                In addition, Song brought his religious beliefs into his management style and enterprise culture, as well as forming a social communication network that relied on the Christian spirit to serve his entrepreneurial purposes. \n                After the Chinese Communists won the civil war and established the People's Republic in 1949, Song struggled to keep his enterprises intact but was unable to do so. \n                In 1950, he moved his company to Hong Kong and later immigrated to Argentina. He died in Buenos Aires in 1955.\u003c/p\u003e"],"bioghist_heading_ssm":["Biographical Note"],"bioghist_tesim":["Born in 1898, the Chinese businessman Song Feiqing is best known for his role in modern China's industrialization and promoting the spirit of entrepreneurship in China. \n                Born into a Christian family in Shandong Province, in the early 1920s Song went to Chicago to study business management at Northwestern University. \n                In 1925, he returned to China and spent the next several years working in his father's business in Tianjin. \n                Seeing that China's industry was lacking entrepreneurship, especially in the textile market where foreign countries were profiting at China's expense, in 1932 Song established the Oriental Corporation (Dongya) in Tianjin. \n                That corporation became China's first textile company to use Chinese wool to produce its yarn and to sell its products both domestically and internationally. \n                By the 1940s, the corporation had become the largest yarn production company in China, having garnered more than 80 percent of the domestic Chinese market.","Song's entrepreneurship transformed the business environment in modern China. \n                In addition, Song brought his religious beliefs into his management style and enterprise culture, as well as forming a social communication network that relied on the Christian spirit to serve his entrepreneurial purposes. \n                After the Chinese Communists won the civil war and established the People's Republic in 1949, Song struggled to keep his enterprises intact but was unable to do so. \n                In 1950, he moved his company to Hong Kong and later immigrated to Argentina. He died in Buenos Aires in 1955."],"prefercite_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003e[Identification of item], Song Feiqing papers, [Box no.], Hoover Institution Archives\u003c/p\u003e"],"prefercite_tesim":["[Identification of item], Song Feiqing papers, [Box no.], Hoover Institution Archives"],"scopecontent_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eThe papers of Song Feiqing include correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to the operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and then in Hong Kong, including what part Christian beliefs played in Song's management practices. The papers also provide a rare glimpse into the formation of industrialization and entrepreneurship in China’s recent past.\u003c/p\u003e"],"scopecontent_heading_ssm":["Scope and Content of Collection"],"scopecontent_tesim":["The papers of Song Feiqing include correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to the operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and then in Hong Kong, including what part Christian beliefs played in Song's management practices. The papers also provide a rare glimpse into the formation of industrialization and entrepreneurship in China’s recent past."],"userestrict_html_tesm":["\u003cp\u003eFor copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives.\u003c/p\u003e"],"userestrict_heading_ssm":["Publication Rights"],"userestrict_tesim":["For copyright status, please contact the Hoover Institution Archives."],"abstract_html_tesm":["\u003cabstract id=\"ref2\" label=\"Abstract\"\u003eCorrespondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and subsequently in Hong Kong.\u003c/abstract\u003e"],"abstract_tesim":["Correspondence, writings, legal and financial records, printed matter, motion picture film, and audiovisual material relating to operations of the Oriental Corporation in Tianjin, China and subsequently in Hong Kong."],"physloc_html_tesm":["\u003cphysloc id=\"ref3\" label=\"Physical Location\"\u003eHoover Institution Archives\u003c/physloc\u003e"],"physloc_tesim":["Hoover Institution Archives"],"names_coll_ssim":["Oriental Corporation."],"names_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives","Oriental Corporation.","Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"corpname_ssim":["Hoover Institution Archives","Oriental Corporation."],"persname_ssim":["Song, Feiqing, 1898-1955."],"language_ssim":["Chinese  and  English"],"total_component_count_is":68,"online_item_count_is":0,"component_level_isim":[0],"sort_isi":0,"_root_":"2013C4-xml","timestamp":"2025-02-18T23:00:35.990Z"}]}},"label":"Breadcrumbs"}}},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/2013C4-xml_ref18"}}],"included":[{"type":"facet","id":"collection_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Collection","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968","value":"Clarke Family Papers, 1904-1968","hits":349},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Clarke+Family+Papers%2C+1904-1968\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Peter Sparling papers, 1961-2013, bulk 1970-2000","value":"Peter Sparling papers, 1961-2013, bulk 1970-2000","hits":281},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Peter+Sparling+papers%2C+1961-2013%2C+bulk+1970-2000\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993","value":"Abdeen Jabara papers, 1956-1994, bulk 1968-1993","hits":254},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Abdeen+Jabara+papers%2C+1956-1994%2C+bulk+1968-1993\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers, bulk 1766-1845 and undated","value":"Benjamin and Julia Stockton Rush papers, bulk 1766-1845 and undated","hits":152},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Benjamin+and+Julia+Stockton+Rush+papers%2C+bulk+1766-1845+and+undated\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969","value":"Charles W. Lane papers, 1935-1997, bulk 1958-1969","hits":136},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Charles+W.+Lane+papers%2C+1935-1997%2C+bulk+1958-1969\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","value":"Alexander H. Stephens papers, 1823-1954 (bulk 1823-1883)","hits":74},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Alexander+H.+Stephens+papers%2C+1823-1954+%28bulk+1823-1883%29\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009","value":"Song Feiqing (宋棐卿) papers, 1926-2009","hits":69},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Song+Feiqing+%28%E5%AE%8B%E6%A3%90%E5%8D%BF%29+papers%2C+1926-2009\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","value":"Douglas MacArthur collection  1885-1983 1917-1919","hits":56},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Douglas+MacArthur+collection++1885-1983+1917-1919\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000","value":"Ruth Ellis papers, 1910-2000, bulk 1997-2000","hits":36},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Ruth+Ellis+papers%2C+1910-2000%2C+bulk+1997-2000\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Kojima family papers, c. 1931-1960","value":"Kojima family papers, c. 1931-1960","hits":32},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Kojima+family+papers%2C+c.+1931-1960\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Re-Imagining Collection, 1993-2016","value":"Re-Imagining Collection, 1993-2016","hits":15},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcollection%5D%5B%5D=Re-Imagining+Collection%2C+1993-2016\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/facet/collection_ssim.json?q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"type":"facet","id":"creator_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Creator","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","value":"Rush, Benjamin,\n                1746-1813","hits":119},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Rush%2C+Benjamin%2C%0A++++++++++++++++1746-1813\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Pickering,\n                Timothy, 1745-1829","value":"Pickering,\n                Timothy, 1745-1829","hits":4},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Pickering%2C%0A++++++++++++++++Timothy%2C%C2%A01745-1829\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Dickinson,\n                John, 1732-1808","value":"Dickinson,\n                John, 1732-1808","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Dickinson%2C%0A++++++++++++++++John%2C%C2%A01732-1808\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Jefferson, Thomas,\n                1743-1826","value":"Jefferson, Thomas,\n                1743-1826","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Jefferson%2C+Thomas%2C%0A++++++++++++++++1743-1826\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Pascalis Ouviere,\n                Felix, 1762-1833","value":"Pascalis Ouviere,\n                Felix, 1762-1833","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Pascalis+Ouviere%2C%0A++++++++++++++++Felix%2C%C2%A01762-1833\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Rush, Julia\n              Stockton","value":"Rush, Julia\n              Stockton","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Rush%2C+Julia%0A++++++++++++++Stockton\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Adams, Abigail,\n                1744-1818","value":"Adams, Abigail,\n                1744-1818","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Adams%2C+Abigail%2C%0A++++++++++++++++1744-1818\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Adams, John\n                Quincy, 1767-1848","value":"Adams, John\n                Quincy, 1767-1848","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Adams%2C+John%0A++++++++++++++++Quincy%2C%C2%A01767-1848\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Central Michigan University. Multicultural Education Center.","value":"Central Michigan University. Multicultural Education Center.","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Central+Michigan+University.+Multicultural+Education+Center.\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Clarke family","value":"Clarke family","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Clarke+family\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)","value":"Diedrich, D. N. (Duane Norman)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bcreators%5D%5B%5D=Diedrich%2C+D.+N.+%28Duane+Norman%29\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/facet/creator_ssim.json?q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"type":"facet","id":"date_range_isim","attributes":{"label":"Date range","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"1979","value":"1979","hits":73},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1979\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1981","value":"1981","hits":64},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1981\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1978","value":"1978","hits":61},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1978\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1982","value":"1982","hits":59},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1982\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1972","value":"1972","hits":58},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1972\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1983","value":"1983","hits":58},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1983\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1980","value":"1980","hits":55},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1980\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1975","value":"1975","hits":53},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1975\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1976","value":"1976","hits":44},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1976\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1977","value":"1977","hits":44},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1977\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1973","value":"1973","hits":41},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1973\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1984","value":"1984","hits":41},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1984\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1985","value":"1985","hits":40},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1985\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1989","value":"1989","hits":40},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1989\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1974","value":"1974","hits":39},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1974\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1968","value":"1968","hits":38},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1968\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1993","value":"1993","hits":37},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1993\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1986","value":"1986","hits":35},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1986\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1994","value":"1994","hits":35},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1994\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1967","value":"1967","hits":34},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1967\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1991","value":"1991","hits":33},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1991\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1987","value":"1987","hits":32},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1987\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1988","value":"1988","hits":32},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1988\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1992","value":"1992","hits":32},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1992\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1999","value":"1999","hits":32},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1999\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1970","value":"1970","hits":30},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1970\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1971","value":"1971","hits":30},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1971\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1997","value":"1997","hits":30},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1997\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1998","value":"1998","hits":30},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1998\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1966","value":"1966","hits":29},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1966\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1969","value":"1969","hits":29},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1969\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1990","value":"1990","hits":29},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1990\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1995","value":"1995","hits":25},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1995\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1996","value":"1996","hits":23},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1996\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1965","value":"1965","hits":20},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1965\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1947","value":"1947","hits":17},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1947\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1964","value":"1964","hits":16},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1964\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"2000","value":"2000","hits":16},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2000\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1945","value":"1945","hits":15},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1945\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1960","value":"1960","hits":15},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1960\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1961","value":"1961","hits":15},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1961\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1962","value":"1962","hits":14},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1962\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1963","value":"1963","hits":13},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1963\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1957","value":"1957","hits":12},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1957\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1958","value":"1958","hits":12},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1958\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1959","value":"1959","hits":12},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1959\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1944","value":"1944","hits":11},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1944\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1948","value":"1948","hits":11},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1948\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1953","value":"1953","hits":11},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1953\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1954","value":"1954","hits":11},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1954\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1956","value":"1956","hits":11},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1956\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1941","value":"1941","hits":10},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1941\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1943","value":"1943","hits":10},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1943\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1949","value":"1949","hits":10},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1949\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1950","value":"1950","hits":10},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1950\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1951","value":"1951","hits":10},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1951\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1952","value":"1952","hits":10},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1952\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1942","value":"1942","hits":9},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1942\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1955","value":"1955","hits":9},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1955\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"2010","value":"2010","hits":9},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2010\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1784","value":"1784","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1784\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1786","value":"1786","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1786\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1795","value":"1795","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1795\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1823","value":"1823","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1823\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1824","value":"1824","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1824\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1840","value":"1840","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1840\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1841","value":"1841","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1841\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1842","value":"1842","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1842\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1843","value":"1843","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1843\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1844","value":"1844","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1844\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1845","value":"1845","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1845\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1935","value":"1935","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1935\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1936","value":"1936","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1936\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1937","value":"1937","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1937\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1938","value":"1938","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1938\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1939","value":"1939","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1939\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1940","value":"1940","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1940\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1946","value":"1946","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1946\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"2001","value":"2001","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2001\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"2003","value":"2003","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2003\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"2008","value":"2008","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2008\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"2009","value":"2009","hits":8},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=2009\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1785","value":"1785","hits":7},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1785\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1787","value":"1787","hits":7},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1787\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1788","value":"1788","hits":7},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1788\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1789","value":"1789","hits":7},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1789\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1790","value":"1790","hits":7},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1790\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1791","value":"1791","hits":7},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1791\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1792","value":"1792","hits":7},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1792\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1793","value":"1793","hits":7},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1793\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1794","value":"1794","hits":7},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1794\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1812","value":"1812","hits":7},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1812\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1825","value":"1825","hits":7},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1825\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1826","value":"1826","hits":7},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1826\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1827","value":"1827","hits":7},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1827\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1828","value":"1828","hits":7},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1828\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1836","value":"1836","hits":7},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1836\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1837","value":"1837","hits":7},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1837\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1838","value":"1838","hits":7},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1838\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"1839","value":"1839","hits":7},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bdate_range%5D%5B%5D=1839\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/facet/date_range_isim.json?q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"type":"facet","id":"level_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Level","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"File","value":"File","hits":1203},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=File\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Item","value":"Item","hits":182},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Series","value":"Series","hits":40},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Series\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Subseries","value":"Subseries","hits":23},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Subseries\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Collection","value":"Collection","hits":18},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Collection\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Record Group","value":"Record Group","hits":4},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Record+Group\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Item-part","value":"Item-part","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item-part\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Item-main","value":"Item-main","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Item-main\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Unspecified","value":"Unspecified","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Blevel%5D%5B%5D=Unspecified\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/facet/level_ssim.json?q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"type":"facet","id":"names_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Names","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Rush, Julia Stockton","value":"Rush, Julia Stockton","hits":85},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Rush%2C+Julia+Stockton\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Rush family","value":"Rush family","hits":39},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Rush+family\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","value":"Rush, Benjamin, 1746-1813","hits":24},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Rush%2C+Benjamin%2C+1746-1813\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Shippen, William, 1712-1801","value":"Shippen, William, 1712-1801","hits":6},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Shippen%2C+William%2C+1712-1801\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bentley Historical Library","value":"Bentley Historical Library","hits":5},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Bentley+Historical+Library\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","value":"David M. Rubenstein Rare Book \u0026 Manuscript Library","hits":4},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=David+M.+Rubenstein+Rare+Book+%26+Manuscript+Library\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Dickinson College","value":"Dickinson College","hits":4},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Dickinson+College\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"University of Pennsylvania -- Faculty","value":"University of Pennsylvania -- Faculty","hits":4},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Pennsylvania+--+Faculty\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bostock, John, 1740-1774","value":"Bostock, John, 1740-1774","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Bostock%2C+John%2C+1740-1774\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bostock, John, 1773-1846","value":"Bostock, John, 1773-1846","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Bostock%2C+John%2C+1773-1846\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Clarke Historical Library , Central Michigan University","value":"Clarke Historical Library , Central Michigan University","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bnames%5D%5B%5D=Clarke+Historical+Library+%2C+Central+Michigan+University\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/facet/names_ssim.json?q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"type":"facet","id":"repository_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Repository","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library","value":"University of Michigan. Bentley Historical Library","hits":709},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Michigan.+Bentley+Historical+Library\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Stanford University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives","value":"Stanford University Libraries. Special Collections and University Archives","hits":384},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Stanford+University+Libraries.+Special+Collections+and+University+Archives\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library","value":"David M. Rubenstein Rare Book and Manuscript Library","hits":242},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=David+M.+Rubenstein+Rare+Book+and+Manuscript+Library\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Hoover Institution Archives","value":"Hoover Institution Archives","hits":70},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Hoover+Institution+Archives\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"University of Michigan. William L. Clements Library","value":"University of Michigan. William L. Clements Library","hits":57},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=University+of+Michigan.+William+L.+Clements+Library\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Central Michigan University Clarke Historical Library","value":"Central Michigan University Clarke Historical Library","hits":7},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Central+Michigan+University+Clarke+Historical+Library\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Indiana University, Archives of African American Music and Culture (AAAMC)","value":"Indiana University, Archives of African American Music and Culture (AAAMC)","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Brepository%5D%5B%5D=Indiana+University%2C+Archives+of+African+American+Music+and+Culture+%28AAAMC%29\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/facet/repository_ssim.json?q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"type":"facet","id":"geogname_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Places","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"United States -- History -- Revolution, 1775-1783 -- Medical\n              care","value":"United States -- History -- Revolution, 1775-1783 -- Medical\n              care","hits":5},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--+History+--+Revolution%2C+1775-1783+--+Medical%0A++++++++++++++care\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"United States -- History -- Revolution, 1775-1783","value":"United States -- History -- Revolution, 1775-1783","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--+History+--+Revolution%2C+1775-1783\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"United States -- Politics and government -- 1801-1809","value":"United States -- Politics and government -- 1801-1809","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--+Politics+and+government+--+1801-1809\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"United States -- Economic conditions -- 18th century","value":"United States -- Economic conditions -- 18th century","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--+Economic+conditions+--+18th+century\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"United States -- Foreign relations -- France","value":"United States -- Foreign relations -- France","hits":2},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=United+States+--+Foreign+relations+--+France\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Africa -- Church history","value":"Africa -- Church history","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Africa+--+Church+history\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Africa -- Description and travel","value":"Africa -- Description and travel","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Africa+--+Description+and+travel\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Africa -- Ethnic relations","value":"Africa -- Ethnic relations","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Africa+--+Ethnic+relations\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Africa -- Race relations","value":"Africa -- Race relations","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Africa+--+Race+relations\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Africa -- Religious life and customs","value":"Africa -- Religious life and customs","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Africa+--+Religious+life+and+customs\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Africa, Southern -- Languages","value":"Africa, Southern -- Languages","hits":1},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Bplaces%5D%5B%5D=Africa%2C+Southern+--+Languages\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/facet/geogname_ssim.json?q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"type":"facet","id":"access_subjects_ssim","attributes":{"label":"Subjects","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Yellow Fever -- Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia","value":"Yellow Fever -- Pennsylvania -- Philadelphia","hits":65},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Yellow+Fever+--+Pennsylvania+--+Philadelphia\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Yellow Fever -- Epidemiology -- Pennsylvania","value":"Yellow Fever -- Epidemiology -- Pennsylvania","hits":64},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Yellow+Fever+--+Epidemiology+--+Pennsylvania\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Yellow fever -- 18th century","value":"Yellow fever -- 18th century","hits":64},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Yellow+fever+--+18th+century\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Yellow fever -- Treatment","value":"Yellow fever -- Treatment","hits":24},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Yellow+fever+--+Treatment\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Yellow Fever -- therapy","value":"Yellow Fever -- therapy","hits":23},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Yellow+Fever+--+therapy\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Medicine, Military -- United States -- History -- 18th\n              century","value":"Medicine, Military -- United States -- History -- 18th\n              century","hits":5},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Medicine%2C+Military+--+United+States+--+History+--+18th%0A++++++++++++++century\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Photographs.","value":"Photographs.","hits":5},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Photographs.\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Bloodletting","value":"Bloodletting","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Bloodletting\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Diaries","value":"Diaries","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Diaries\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Medicine -- Formulae, receipts, prescriptions","value":"Medicine -- Formulae, receipts, prescriptions","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Medicine+--+Formulae%2C+receipts%2C+prescriptions\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"attributes":{"label":"Mental illness -- Treatment -- United States -- History -- 19th\n              century","value":"Mental illness -- Treatment -- United States -- History -- 19th\n              century","hits":3},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess_subjects%5D%5B%5D=Mental+illness+--+Treatment+--+United+States+--+History+--+19th%0A++++++++++++++century\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/facet/access_subjects_ssim.json?q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"type":"facet","id":"access","attributes":{"label":"Access","items":[{"attributes":{"label":"Online access","value":"online","hits":261},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?f%5Baccess%5D%5B%5D=online\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}}]},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog/facet/access.json?q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"all_fields","attributes":{"label":"All Fields"},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?page=3\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"keyword","attributes":{"label":"Keyword"},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?page=3\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=keyword"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"name","attributes":{"label":"Name"},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?page=3\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=name"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"place","attributes":{"label":"Place"},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?page=3\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=place"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"subject","attributes":{"label":"Subject"},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?page=3\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=subject"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"title","attributes":{"label":"Title"},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?page=3\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=title"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"container","attributes":{"label":"Container"},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?page=3\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=container"}},{"type":"search_field","id":"identifier","attributes":{"label":"Identifier"},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?page=3\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=identifier"}},{"type":"sort","id":"score desc, title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"relevance"},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?page=3\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields\u0026sort=score+desc%2C+title_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"date (ascending)"},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?page=3\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields\u0026sort=date_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"date_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"date (descending)"},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?page=3\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields\u0026sort=date_sort+desc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"creator (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?page=3\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields\u0026sort=creator_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"creator_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"creator (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?page=3\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields\u0026sort=creator_sort+desc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort asc","attributes":{"label":"title (A-Z)"},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?page=3\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields\u0026sort=title_sort+asc"}},{"type":"sort","id":"title_sort desc","attributes":{"label":"title (Z-A)"},"links":{"self":"https://arclight-demo.projectblacklight.org/catalog.json?page=3\u0026q=papers\u0026search_field=all_fields\u0026sort=title_sort+desc"}}]}